Complex offer - This is a complex proposal in which simple proposals are associated with composite unions and, as a rule, equally grammatically and in meaning.
Writing alliances connecting simple suggestions are between simple sentences and do not enter into any of them.
By alliances and by meaning complex proposalsdivided into six groups.
1. Complex proposals with connectingunions: and, yes(= and) nor- neither.They say about a) simultaneity of events and phenomena, or b) on their following in each other, or c) on the conditionality of one event to others. For example: a) Neither [ kalina is not growing between them] nor [ grass not zelenet] (I. Turgenev)- No no ; And [ thought wind Quick Burname], and [Snopami sparks raced By fog] ... (A. Block)- and, and; [Only iviv g. screaming], yes[cuckoo in vain count Someone universal years] (M. Sholokhov)- , Yes ;
b) [Two-three fell Large drops rain], and [suddenly lightning flashed]. (I. Goncharov) - [], and; [Door Through the street in a brightly lit store slapped], and [out of it showed sia citizen]. (M. Bulgakov)-, and.
at) [Life is given Once], and [ i want to live Its cheerfully, meaningless, beautiful] (A. Chekhov)(The second proposal expresses the result, consequence, with the content of the first) -, and; [Say You two words!], and [ she is saved] (A. Chekhov)(in the first sentence, it is indicated on the condition (state) in the second) -, and; [It became hot], and I hurried Home] (M. Lermontov)(The first sentence indicates the cause of the action in the second) -, and; [Free seats did not have], and [they i had to stand] (V. Rasputin)-, and.
2. Complex proposals with dividedunions: or (il) or, whether- or, that- then- not that- either.They are indicated on alternationphenomena, opportunity (choice) onephenomena from twoor several.For example: [Heads Pins house], il [ the breeze is hatchet in dark sheets passion] (N. Languages \u200b\u200b[], il, il; Then [ the suntusk blovet], then [ cloud black hangit(N. Nekrasov)
Then then; Not that [ sitter], not that [ it was getting dark] (Y. Herman)- not that, not that (in sentences with alliances then- whether it is not- not thatthe mutually complying is complicated by the value of estimation or an indication of the difficulty in choosing an accurate designation of the situation).
3. Complex proposals with propateunions: a, but yes(= but), however, but also, only.In them, one phenomenon is opposed to another or something different from it. For example: [Ranks people given], but [People can deceive] (A. Griboedov)- , but ; [Beliefs are inspiringtheory], [ behavior Same forming example] (A. Herzen)(Soyuz samecombines two meanings: a configuration union and an amplifier particle; Therefore, it is not worth it between simple proposals, and after the first word of the second sentence, highlighting this word) -, [same]; [They are, of course, do not know me] yes \\ i mean them know] (F. Dostoevsky)- , Yes ; [Fedya never not crying], but [ found at him at times wild stubbornness] (I. Turgenev)-, but; [She did not move], just a little bit thought eyebrows] (V. Rasputin)-, only; [Was Already spring month march] However [at night trees cracklefrom the cold, as in December] (A. Chekhov)- , but . (The oppositional union "However" always stands at the beginning of a simple sentence, it can be replaced by the Union "But", the comma after it is not put. Omonymous Union The introductory word "however" is not at the beginning (that is, in the middle or late) Offers and on the letter is allocated by commas. Wedway: We all waited for him, however (but) he did not come.- We all waited for him, he, however, did not come.)
4. Complex proposals with graduation-comparative unions: not only ... but also, not that ... but (but), if not ... then, not that ... but (a), not so much ... how much.In such suggestions, there is a comparison or oppression of phenomena by degree
significance: Reported in the second sentence is presented as in one way or another more significant, effective or convincing compared to what is said in the first one (what is said in the second sentence, it has for a speaking greater degree of importance). For example: [
Cm. Not that cruelbut [he is too deyat. yellow character] (L. Tolstoy)- not that, but; Not only [ Sonya without paint could not stand out of this glance], but also [old countess and Natasha blushed, noticing this look] (L. Tolstoy)- Not only but .
5. Complex proposals with connectingunions: yes, and, too, also, and, moreover.The second proposal in them has the nature of an additional or passing remark, often unexpected, as if just who came to mind. [He felt like Before her baby boy], yes and [ she believed His child] (F. Dostoevsky)- yes and; [Poor Nada is no longer hear those words], and [no one pronounce them] (A, Czechs)- yes and; [Face her it was pale], [slightly disclosed lubs also palennel] (I. Turgenev)-., [too] (alliances alsoand samethe meaning is approaching the union and,but they are not worth between simple sentences, but inside the second).
6. Complex proposals with explanatoryunions: that is, namely,They indicate the identity, the equivalence of situations, with the second sentence explains, specifies the thought expressed in the first. For example: [Just here lived In the native lozers and not to the Lozinsky master], that is, [ lived, truth to say, no matter] (V. Korolenko)- , i.e ; [Men's room the servant was brought we have to a minimum], namely: [for the whole house there was no more than two Laces sufficient] (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin)- , namely .
Syntactic analysis of the complex sentence
Difference Difference Scheme
1. Width a type of proposal for the purpose of the statement (narrative, questionative, prompting).
2 characterize an emotional color supply (exclamation or unkonsective).
3. Consider the number of simple proposals in the composition of complex and find their borders, allocate the grammatical foundations of each simple supply included in the complex.
4. Recover, how simple proposals are connected in difficult, and determine the semantic relationship between them.
5 Make a graphic scheme of a complex proposal.
6. Explain the alignment of punctuation marks.
Sample Collection Difference Offer
[You were late for many years], but I still don't glad) (A. Akhmatova).
The proposal is a narrative, non-surcharge, complex, consists of two simple proposals connected by the writing novice union "but", the relationship of controversy (with a shade of gravity); Simple sentences in the composition of the complex on the letter are separated by the comma.
Then \\ padal as if fog], then [suddenly allowed Spit, large rain] (L. Tolstoy).
Then, then.
The proposal is a narrative, unkonsectant, complex, consists of two simple proposals connected by the repeating written dividing university "that", the relationship of alternation; Simple sentences in the composition of the complex on the letter are separated by the comma.
[Women flashed in tents], and [ cheeky docking Sha Loy], and [samovarov roses Ally burn In taverns and houses] (O. Mandelshtam).
And, and.
The proposal narrative, unkonsectant, complex, consists of three simple proposals associated with the repeating writing connecting union "and", are listed simultaneous phenomena; Simple sentences in the composition of the complex on the letter are separated by commas.
Means of communication in complex proposals with interpretation relations are unions a, but yes(in meaning but), but, however, but then, not that.
Most often in sentences with the union buta comparison value is transmitted, for example: The old woman lay down on the stove, and Daria, the widow is young, to spend the guys(N.).
The oppression value has suggestions with the Union but,eg: In the morning there was a fog, but for breakfast the weather was walking ...(L. T.); Was an improper darkness, but the echo filled it with a convex sculpture of sounds(Paste.).
Promptive and comparative values \u200b\u200bare often complicated by additional shades: inconsistencies, restrictions, concessions, compensation. For example, a graded shade of a value can be in sentences with the Union but: We almost did not know each other, but Nazim almost immediately spoke about the fact that he excited him(Erenb.); Nadia often walked past the monastery, but for some reason she liked a high fancy bell tower more, rather than simple, with narrow windows Cathedral(Sol.). The value of inconsistencies can be transferred to the sentences with the Union and he- the man is awkward, disheveled, drowned, and his face is almost beautiful ...(M. G.).
buttransmit opposition with a touch of limit or inconsistencies. For example: The shootout calmed down, however, the kernels and bombs continued to fly here, like hence(S.-S.).
Complex proposals with the union butindicate a comparison with a touch of compensation. For example: Fedya never cried, but he found wild stubborn at him(T.). Value comparison value can be transmitted by combination of unions but,eg: The bright luxury of southern nature did not touch the old man, but a lot of Sergey admired, formerly for the first time here.(KUPER.).
Soyuz yesmay transmit the value of opposition or inconsistency in its pure form. For example: I believe him, yes the court does not believe him for word(Cost.). However, these values \u200b\u200bcan be complicated by a touch of inconsistencies, for example: Vladimir and wrote OD, and Olga did not read them(P.).
Soyuz sameunion but,it is used in proposals with the general value of comparison and opposition. For example: Hours and lunch did the days very interesting, the evenings were boring(C.).
In the discharge of a configure special group consists of complex sentences with union alternatives: and then, and not that, not that.
Such proposals transmit the significance of a special opposition - with a shade of convention: the second part of such a proposal indicates the possible consequences of non-compliance with what is said in the first part. For example: You have to talk to your father today, otherwise he will worry about your departure(Letters.); Advise them to meet me with children's love and obedience; not to avoid them lute execution(P.); Answer me, and I will not worry(P.). Alternative unions are characteristic of speech conversational, they transmit values \u200b\u200bclose to words otherwise, otherwise,which often accompany these alliances or even independently used as the binding elements of a complex offer, Wed: You, quisch, come, come, and then mammy will be scorn again(A. sharp) .- Most come, and then otherwisemama will be sculpting again.- Most come, otherwise, Mama will be sculpting again.
§ 99. Applications with dividing unions
Unions are used in complex proposals with dividing relations or, or, then ... then, not that ... not that, or if if, Lee ... Lee, Lee ... or.
Difficult proposals with separation unions transmit the values \u200b\u200bof events or mutually exclusion. Unions or, ortransmit the value of mutually computation. For example: Let it go into the village, in the outhouse, or I will move from here, but I can't stay with him in the same house ...(C.); Two days were lying on, yes I remembered the horse,- either wolves ate or frozen(Sieraf.)
Soyuz then ... thenrepeating, indicates a sequential change of events. For example: Then the cart will drive with creak, then the voice of some woman going to the market will be heard(C.).
In sentences with the union not that ... not thattransmitted relationships with a shade of uncertainty and estimation. For example: ... it's not that he envied Natalia, it was not that he regretted her(T.).
In sentences with the union either ... eitheralso is the shade of estimation, some uncertainty. For example: Whether the water is still cold, or the cook[hunting dog] still young and stupid, only he stopped at the water and could not go further(Arrived.).
Unions lee ... Lee, Lee ... orused in complex proposals of dividing expressing the transfer of mutually exclusive events, phenomena. For example: Is the fate of us again in the Caucasus, or she arrived on purpose ...(L.); Does the Duma spend alarming-incoherent, whether the heart crying in the chest,- soon they will increase the stars of diamond, wait!(Fet); Who responded to me in more often? Old Lee Oak was whispering with a pine, or in a distance crane rowan, or the scooped scoop, or a raspberry, a little friend, answered me at sunset suddenly?(Zab.).
Complex Proposition (SSP)
Plan
1. The concept of SSP. Classification of SSP on a potential quantitative composition: complex offers of an open and closed structure (V.A. Beloshapkova).
2. Traditional SSP classification in accordance with semantic groups of unions.
2.1. SSP with connecting unions of an open and closed structure.
2.2. SNP with separation unions.
2.3. SPP with interpretation unions.
2.4. SPP with connecting unions.
2.5. NGN with explanatory unions.
2.6. Graduation SSP.
3. Ploban signs in the SSP.
Complex offer(SSP) is a complex proposal, parts of which are associated with writing alliances and, as a rule, equal to grammatically and in meaning. Writing alliances are not included in any of them, are not members of the sentence.
All SSPs are divided into two types: open and closed structure.
Parts of complex offers open The structures are an unclosed series, they are situated at the same name. Communication means are self-connecting and separation unions that can be repeated. Such proposals may have an unlimited number of parts and they can always be protected. For example: yes Somewhere shouted a night bird ...Let's try to continue this offer. Pinkly splashing water yes somewhere shouted the night bird, yes In the bushes she moved something white(Korolenko). In the SSP of the open structure there may be more than two predicative units (PE): That Long bitter her neck hooked off suddenly that From the ears, malicious earrings will cut by force; that In fragile snow, a wet shoe will get bogged down with a sweet leg; that She will relieve a handkerchief ... (P.).
In suggestions closed The structures of the part are a closed row, these are always two parts, structurally and semantically interdependent, related. The second part of them closes a number and does not imply the presence of the third. For example: The need relates to people but Wealth share them; He wanted to say something to him but fat man already disappeared (). Means of communication - non-refining unions: but, but, however, and; not only butand etc.
For alliances and in value, complexity is all of the six groups.
3.1. Complex proposals with connecting unions.
List of connecting unions (single and repeated): and, yes, too, also as well; As ... so, yes ... yes, and ... and.
Certain offers S. connectingunions may have an open and closed structure.
2.1.1. SSP Open Structure
Such SSPs reflect different semantic relations between NE ( predicative e.ditnitsa). Unions and (and ... and), nor ... nor, yes (yes ... yes).
In such SSP, predicative parts express the connecting relationship; They are reported about:
but) simultaneous events and phenomena: N. [calún not growing between númi] n. [grass not green] (I. Turgenev); And [ slnzesvétit], and [ grade green], and [ ptústep Weight]. As a rule, in this case, the relationship between parts of the SSP is ȧhtsemanty, that is, they can act as independent simple sentences: (see the first sentence) Kalina does not grow between them. The grass does not green.
b) about them following each other, sequences: [UPLIDE-Three Crushed kȧpl rain], and [suddenly glittered Moulnia] (I. Goncharov ). [Door across the street in a brightly lit store slapped], and [out of it appeared togenerate] (M. Bulgakov). This value can be specified by the words then, then, following.
Connecting SSP of the open structure (homogeneous composition) can consist of two, three and more.
There may have a general secondary member of the proposal or the general apparent part-determinants (in this case, the comma between the parts of the SSP is not set):
In the distance Dark and strict groves (I. Bunin): Union and uninvited monastery Darkand twisted Groves are strict.Determinant (General Member of SSP) in the distanceit clearly shows that uniform facts are listed.
(When the sun rose), [dew dried]and [Grass grilled].Subordinate clause When the sun rose Refers immediately to both neither connected relationships, so before the union and the comma is not put.
The simultaneity and sequence of listed facts is often emphasized by compliance of the species-time forms of the faranged in different pro (as a rule, the faugibles are expressed by the verbs of one species): At the same moment [above Sopnia soared Immediately dozens of rockets] and [mad patter foured machine guns] (Gray). In both parts of the SSP, the verbs-faded perfect species. Common sentence sentence (time circumstance) at the same momenthe emphasizes the relationship of simultaneity and prevents the decimal setting between ne.
2.1.2. SSP closed structure
Predicative parts are connected here by non-repeating alliances and, yes, too, also, which are accompanied by specification with the specifics of values. They consist only from two ne.Relationships between parts of the SSP are sysencent, that is, one sentence within the meaning is associated with the other, especially if there are specifies words.
Stand out six types SSP closed structure.
1. Proposals with meaning consequences - withdrawal, conditions, consequences, result, rapid change of events. These specimen words are often used in them therefore, therefore, because therefore, it means(specitizers - words and phrases that are connected to the union and clarify its value). The second part reports the result, a consequence, withdrawing from the content of the first part: We are starving, and[so] Mother finally decided to send me and sister to the village(V. Cavery). He is now not the fiance you, you are outsiders, and thereforeyou can not live in the same house (A. Ostrovsky). Summate Create Relevant Conditions and You Delete Life Plants(Conditional relations: if you can create conditions, then extend ...). The artist raised the bow - and everything instantly smalklo.
2. SSP S. value value:the second part has the character of adding to what is said in the first part. In the second part, words concreters are often used - anaphoric pronouns and adverbs (stand in early 2 ne), pointing to the face, a sign, subject, the situation mentioned in the first part of the SSP: Now the street is completely dark, and this is It was beautiful(V. Cavery). At the beginning of 2, there may also be synonyms or repeat the same word as in 1 part of the SSP: Introduced new graphics, and this is an innovation Significantly increased productivity.
3. SSP S. connecting and promptwith Soyuz AND: parts contradict each other according to real content. Note words are possible yet, nevertheless, anyway, despite this, neverthelessetc.: a) Germans reached Moscow, and still They were driving(V. Nekrasov). b) I tried to cut her out, and nothing came out.
4. SSP S. identified value(Unions, too, also), parts of which report two similar, identical events taking place at the same time: People were greatly hungry, horses alsoneeded rest(Arsenyev). A strange old man spoke very long, the sounds of his voice also I amazed me(Turgenev).
5. NGN with connecting additional value (unions Yes, and):the second part contains additional information. In the role of native speakers protrude in addition, also, moreover, moreover, and under.: Compare you with men, yes yet And the old resentment will remember(Sholokhov).
6. NGN with connecting restrictive value. The event of the second part limits the completeness of the event mentioned in the first part. Specification words justand under.: The same courtyard, all the same laughter and only you lack a little bit (L. Oshanin). On the body it was not visible damage, and only Small scratch on the temple (A.N. Tolstoy). The words onlycan perform the function of unions.
Complex proposals with separation unions.
List of dividing unions: or, or, and then, not that, and not that; or ... or, or ... either; Lee ... Lee, Lee ... Or, at least ... at least that ... what, whether ... or; And even, not ... so, if (and) not ... then; not that ... not, or even ... either; then ... then;analogs of Unions : and maybe (be), and may (be) and; Maybe (to be) ... may (be), maybe (be) ...:
These are the proposals of the open structure. The main relationship between nepo in the SSP with separation unions is the relationship of mutually exclusion and alternations:
1. Relations consistence:unions or, or, not that ... not that; either ... either: Or pan, or disappeared. Then winter, then Spring, then fall(K. Simonov). Ile Plague me pickering me, Ile Moroz Okey, Ile Il in the forehead Barrbum will shift a disabled person(A. Pushkin). I will not return to you anymore, maybe I'll stay with you(City 312).
2. In dividing SSP with meaning alternatingit is reported about the sequence of replacing each other events that are not combined in time: That Sun dimly glitters, thatcloud black hanging(Nekrasov).
Tasks for self-analysis (lecture check)
Exercise 1.Give the characteristic by the complex proposals of the open structure from their structure and semantics. Specify the shades of values. For example: Either you are stupid, or you cheat me.This SSP consists of 2 ne: 1 ne You are stupid and 2 ne You're lying.Formal Communication - Repeating Separation Union or either.Between parts of the SSP relationship of mutually computiation.
1. For the night, the sea calmed down a little, the wind verse, and the fog began to dissipate.
2. Let or he leaves, or we will leave.
3. None of the insects are discovered in the grass, no bird will stick on the tree.
4. Pines diverged, and Margarita quietly drove into the air to the chalk cliff (Bulg.)
Task 2. Describe the SSP with the Union and, indicating the structural type (open or closed structure), the structural-semantic discharge (relationship between parts of the SSP) and the shades of the value (semantic varieties). For example: Shells rareand bullets whistled, / and loudly rocked the machine gun, / and the girl Masha inprovisible overcoats / fighters of all in the attack leads.This is a SSP open structure, as there are more than 2 more and you can add others. Structural and semantic discharge: NGN with self-connecting relationships. Tint value - the value of simultaneity.
1. He was taken apart from him, and he settled in the fortress (Lerm.).
2. The night was windy, rainy, and it contributed to success.
3. Silence reigned around the circle, and only the water rustled on the carpaths.
4. One jump - and the lion is already on the head of the buffalo.
5. The river is completely listed by the fin, and, therefore, it was possible to freely go from one shore to another.
6. Some fur coats were given six, and the cheapest of them, according to Grandma, cost three hundred rubles (A.P. Chekhov)
7. I have a wife, two girls, and moreover, the wife is a lady unhealthy (A.P. Chekhov)
Task number 3. Make a complete syntactic parse of SSP.
Sample parsing.
And smells of a sluggish grass, from Inea Crystal, and, distinguishable, the star shines sad (V. Tushmanova)
1. For the purpose of the statement - narrative.
2. According to emotional color - non-promotional.
3. Complex, because Consists of 2 ne: 1 ne: AND[smells of sluggish grass, from Inea Crystal]. 2 Pe. - I.[distinguishable barely star shines sad]. There are interconnected union and, therefore, this is a complex proposal (SSP). Union and connecting, therefore, in the most general form, the relationship in the SSP can be described as connecting. Parts of the SSP are an unclosed series, that is, the proposal of the open structure: can be continued by attaching other pro with the same grammatical value (translucent). Relationship auto-semantic. Situations reflected in PE think of speaking as simultaneous. The grammatical means of expressing simultaneity are the form of non-verbs. Veda verbs-faded: smells - glitters.
Scheme: And, and.
4. Analysis of each ne.
1 ne: And smells of a sluggish grass, from Inea Crystal.
grass smells
b) full.
c) Completed: Grass (what?) sloggy
from Inea Crystal, pronounced adjective with dependent words.
2 ne: and, distinguishable barely, the star shines sad.
a) Two-part offer. Subject starexpressed by the name noun in I.P. Simple verbal faithful blovetexpressed by the hidden verb. BP. Nesov.
b) full.
c) Common: Star (what?) sad - a consistent definition expressed by adjective.
d) complicated by a common separate definition distinguished hard, pronounced involved in turnover.
Suggestion suggestions
1. I don't want to think about anything, or they roam thoughts and memories, muddy and unclear, like a dream (A. Serafimovich).
2. A shock short - and the ball at the gate.
2.3. Complex proposals with interpretation unions.
Complex proposals for closed structure with propateunions: a, but yes(= but), however, but, but yes(in meaning but).
According to the characteristics of the structure and by major grammatical values, all complex proposals with oppositional unions are divided into two groups: 1) comparable and 2) interpreting proposals.
Comparative relationscharacteristic for SSP with interchangeable unions a (meanwhile),(Union-particle), where they are compared in something in something phenomena, but with all nursing they do not cancel each other, and, as if coexist: The need relates to people butwealth share them(Need relatives to people, wealth same They share them). Comrades belonged to it disliked, the comrades loved(Kuprin). Often, relations are based on antithesis (antonymy). Hence the presence in the predicative parts of the comparative proposals of typed lexical elements - compared the words of one thematic group.
The most common among such proposals are suggestions with the most widely in their meaning and stylistically neutral union. but. For example: The bottom of the tower was a stone, and the top of the wooden ... (Chekhov); He is long for forty, and her thirty ... (Chekhov).
Soyuz sameassociated with its origin with an amplifier particle same, preserves its excretory-enhancement value; The origin of this union causes his position; It is not worth between predicative parts, but after the first word of the second part, highlighting it. Such proposals are called comparable-excretory. For example: Comrades related to it disliked, soldiers same Loved truly(Kurpros); From our battery salty will go on a barge, we same with a crash part(Chekhov).
Offers S. interpreting relationships According to semantics (i.e., according to the nature of the relations between the parts of the SSP), they are based on the contradictions of the events referred to in predicative parts, and are divided into four groups.
1) counter-restrictive Offers (Unions however, but yes)In which the phenomenon of the second part limits the possibility of implementation, the effectiveness or completeness of the manifestation of the phenomenon called in the first part. This is the most clearly grammatical meaning traced in structures with forms of subjunctive or "invalid" (with a particle it was) inclinations, with auxiliary verbs want, desireand under.: Perhaps I. would eat a little snow but on Sukharevka snow was dirty(V. Cavery). He he began to pour her tea but She stopped(V. Kaverin). In other cases, restrictive attitudes are issued by lexical means: Good flower, yes Shipok.
These SSP are close to semantics offers with a connecting and restrictive value where the word onlyperforms the function of the Union: Good flower, only the sharp ships.
Unions and then not that comply with the meaning of the words otherwise, otherwise;offers with them are usually used in colloquial speech: 1) You, quiet, come, come, And that mama will be scorn again(Acr.).2) Truth say not that you will get.
2) In counter-grade SSP Constive value complicated by seigning (such a SSP can be replaced by a complex proposal, in the subordinate part of which there are unions Although, despite the fact that ): [I had my own room in my house] but [I lived in the yard in the hibarke](A.P. Chekhov ). – (Though I had my own room in my house), [I lived in the yard in Hibarke] . Note words are possible yet, nevertheless, despite this, meanwhile, with everythingand etc.: Pthaha talked to you nonsense, but anyway He is good man (N. Ostrovsky) .
3) B. propolistic-paying SSP (Unions but, but yes) Events are given an estimate: in one part positive, in the other - negative: Rust in gun arsenals, but Current sparkle(K. Simonov). Caiver is a solid high headdress of some military units.
4) B. promptivatives SSP The second part complements the first. As in the connecting and distribution proposals, the word-specizer is observed in the second part. this is: I turned back to him, but this is, it seems that strengthened his suspicion(V. Cavery).
Complex sentences - These are sentences consisting of several simple.
The main means of communication of simple proposals in complex are intonation, alliances (writing and subordinates) and allied words (relative pronouns and primegable).
Depending on the means of communication, complex offers are divided into allied and nessuzny. Union proposals are divided into complexed and complexed.
Complexed Offers (SSP) are complex proposals in which simple proposals are associated with each other intonation and writing unions.
Types of complex proposals for the nature of the Union and the meaning
| Type of SP. | Unions | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| 1. connecting unions (Connecting relationships). | AND; Yes (in meaning and); no no; Yes, and; also; also; not only but. |
Opened the door, and the air from the yard rolled into the kitchen (POUST). |
| 2. Certain offers S. interconnected unions (Compact relationship). | BUT; but; Yes (in meaning but); but (in meaning but); but; but; And that; not that; and not that; Same particle (in the meaning of the Union but); particle only (in the meaning of the Union but). |
Ivan Petrovich gone, and I stayed (Leskov). |
| 3. Certain offers S. separate alliances (dividing relationship). | Or; or; not that ..., not that; then ..., then; Either ..., either. |
Either fish eat either stranded (proverb). |
Note!
1) Writing alliances can associate not only parts of a complex proposal, but also homogeneous members. Their distinction is especially important for the alignment of punctuation marks. Therefore, when parsing, be sure to highlight the grammatical foundations to determine the type of sentence (simple with homogeneous members or a complex offer).
Wed: From the smoke hole, a man and a lot of large sturgeon walked (Sands) - a simple sentence with homogeneous faithful; Money ladies on the road and the helicopter can cause (Sands) - a complex proposal.
2) Writing unions usually occupy a place at the beginning of the second part (the second simple sentence).
In some way Danube serves as a border, but he serves and dear People to each other (Sands).
The exclusion is the unions, too, also, union particles, only. They necessarily occupy or can take a seat in the middle of the second part (the second simple sentence).
My sister and I cried, mother also cried (Aksakov); Comrades treated him disliked, the soldiers loved truly (Kuprin).
Therefore, when parsing, such complex offers are often confused with non-union complex suggestions.
3) Double Union is not only ..., but also expresses gradation relations and in school textbooks are attributed to the connecting unions. Very often, when analyzing, only his second part is taken into account ( but also) And mistakenly refer to the oppositional unions. In order not to make a mistake, try replacing this double union union and.
Wed: Language should be not only clear or simple, but also language must be good (L. Tolstoy). - Language must be understandable or common, and language must be good.
4) By meaning, complex offers are very diverse. Quite often they are close in value to complex proposals.
Wed: You will leave - and it will become dark (Shefner). - If you leave, it will become dark; I did not eat anything, but I did not feel hunger (Tenryakov). - Although I did not eat anything, I did not feel hunger.
However, when parsing is not taken into account, this is not the specific value, and the value due to the type of writing union (connecting, interpreting, separation).
Notes. In some textbooks and manuals, complex suggestions include complex suggestions with explanatory unions. that is, namely, eg: The Board authorized him to speed up the work, that is, in other words, he emphasized himself to this (Kurpros); Bird flights produced as an adaptive instinctive act, namely: it gives birds ability to avoid Unfavorable conditions for winter (Sands). Other researchers relate them to complex proposals or allocate in an independent type of complex proposals. Part of the proposals with particles only, refer to non-union proposals.
Complexedcalled complex sentences In which simple proposals are equal in meaning and are associated with writing alliances. Parts of the complex proposal do not depend on each other and make up one meaning integer.
Depending on the type of writing union, which binds part of the proposal, all complex offers (SSP) are divided into three main discharges:
1) SSP with connecting unions(and; yes in the meaning and; neither ..., nor; too; also; not only ..., but also; both ... and);
2) SSP with dividing unions (then ..., then; not that ..., not that; or; or; then ..., then);
3) SSP with interpretation unions (and, but, yes, but, however, but, but but, only).
The meaningful relationship of ordinary proposals united in difficult, different. They can transmit:
Phenomena taking place at the same time.
For example: And far in the south was a fight, and the land from bombing strikes, clearly approaching at night (in such suggestions, the change in the sequence of the proposal does not change meaning);
Phenomena taking place consistently.
For example: Dunya sat down into a kibitka near the hussar, the servant jumped on the iris, the yamper whistled, and the horses were picked up (In this case, the permutation of proposals is impossible).
1. SSP with connecting unions (and, yes / \u003d and /, none, both - and not only - but also, too, also, and).
In complex suggestions with connecting unions can be expressed:
- temporary relationship.
For example: Morning came, and our ship approached Astrakhan (Compare: When the morning came, our steamer went to Astrakhan);
Unions and, yes It can be both solitary and repeated:
For example: Transparent Forest One Blacktails, And Spruce Through Roels Green, And the River Blums (A.S. Pushkin) - the described phenomena occur simultaneously, which is emphasized by using in each part of the repetitive unions.
I shouted, and I answered echo - The second phenomenon follows the first.
- action and its result.
For example: Pugachev gave a sign, and immediately let me go and left.
- causal relations.
For example:
A somewhat particularly powerful overlapped dugouts remained completely intake, and the hives, exhausted by the fight, fed from the fatigue and the desire to sleep, they stretched all their forces there;
I was unpleasant, and therefore I did not wait for dinner - The second phenomenon is a consequence of the first, caused by it, which specifies the specifier - adverb because.
Neither the sun is not visible to the light, nor for the roots of my protrusion (I. A. Krylov).
The narrator froze the half-word, I also heard a strange sound - Unions also and also Have a feature that they are not at the beginning of the part.
Unions also and also contribute to the offer the value of the likelihood. For example: And now I lived with my grandmother, she, too, before bedtime told me fairy tales. Unions alsoand also Always stand inside the second part of a complex proposal. Soyuz also is usually used in conversational speech, union also - in the book.
Conversational character also has the Union yes in meaning and .
For example: It was useless to hide the truth, and Serpilin and did not consider himself to do it.
2. SSP with interpretation unions (but, yes / \u003d but /, however, and, but).
AT complex proposals With the opponent unions, one phenomenon is opposed to another.
For example: The thunderstorm was there, behind them, above the forest, and then the sun shone.
Using the Union, however, a reservation to previously said. For example: She could barely force himself to smile and hide his celebration, but she managed to prevent quite indifferent and even a strict look.
The proposals of this group are always consisting of two parts and, having a common prompt value, can express the following values:
She was about thirty, but it seemed a very young girl - The second phenomenon is opposed to the first.
Some helped in the kitchen, and others covered on tables - the second phenomenon is not opposed to the first, but compared with him (replacement of the Union but on the but impossible).
Unions but , but Indicate reimbursement of what was mentioned in the first sentence.
For example: Elk left, but the sound was heard, published by some alive and probably a weak creature; A lot of work is to him, but it will relax in the winter.
In the meaning of opposing unions, particles are used same , only .
For example: The head was still sick, the consciousness was clear, distinct; War did not cancel anything, only all the feelings became acute in the war.
Soyuz same like unions also and also , It is always worth not at the beginning of the second part of the sentence, but directly for the word that is opposed to the word of the first part.
For example: All trees released adhesive leaves, the oak still stands without leaves.
3. SSP with dividing unions (or / il /, or, not that - not that, then, whether, then).
In complex proposals with separation unions, it is indicated for such phenomena that cannot occur simultaneously: they or alternate, or one excludes another.
For example: In the stuffy air, the tricks of the clauses about the stone were heard, then they sang the wheelbarrows; Then drizzled rain, then larger snow flakes fell - Soyuz that- that Indicates an alternation of phenomena.
On the sleeper, not something burned, did not go to the moon - Soyuz not that - not that Indicates mutual phenomena.
Only sometimes the birch flare or a gloomy shadow will fall before you spruce - Soyuz or Indicates mutual phenomena.
Whether the gate creaks, whether the flooring crackle - Soyuz then - then Indicates mutual phenomena.
Separate unions or and or May be single and repeated.
With a more detailed description of the types of SSP allocate three more types of SSP: SSP with connecting, explanatory and gradual unions.
The connections are unions yes, and, too, also Posted in our classification into a group of connecting unions.
Explanatory are unions that is, namely :
For example: He was expelled from the gymnasium, that is, the most unpleasant for him happened.
Graduation Unions - not only ... but, not that ... but .
For example: Not that he did not trust his partner, but some doubts have remained at his expense.
Complex offer It should be distinguished from a simple sentence with homogeneous members associated with writerous alliances.
| Complex proposals | Simple sentences with homogeneous members of the sentence |
| A whisen whisper spread among themselves the centenary of pines, and the dry frost with a soft rustic was watered with disturbed branches. | And suddenly another beetle dropped from the Roy from dancing in the air and, leaving behind him a big, lush tail, swept straight to the glade.
|
| The stars were still sparkling sharply and cold, but the sky in the East had already become brightened. | Who obeying this mighty feeling, he jumped on his feet, but immediately, I groaned, sat down on a bear carcass.
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| The forest is noisy, the face is hot, and a spiny cold is pierced from the back. | In good weather, the forest was smoking with the caps of pine vertices, and in Necotka, twisted with a gray fog, reminded the linked water surface. |
For a variety, a white cobblestone flashes in Byriana, or a gray stone woman will grow up for a moment, or the Suslik road will move, and again run by the eyes of Byrian, hills, rags. | I had to stand, closing my eyes, leaning back to the trunk of the tree, or sit down on a snowdrift and relax, feeling the beat of the pulse in the veins. |
