Organic as mineral fertilizers are suitable for any plants. Organic fertilizers

Fertilizers in the soil requires certain knowledge. Here, everything matters: deadlines, quantity and view nutrients, the needs of plants that will disembark on the beds. Excess fertilizers, as well as the disadvantage, leads to a decrease in the harvest and deterioration of product quality. This applies not only vegetable crops, but also decorative, the beauty of which largely depends on the composition of the soil. The first thing you need to know the novice gardener is the differences between organic and mineral fertilizers.

Organic fertilizers are waste of vegetable and animal origin. This is, above all, manure, bird litter, cowboat and nettle, compost and peat. They contain in large quantities phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium and potassium, as well as other elements necessary for the normal development of plants. As such fertilizers, any organic materials can be used:

• wood sawdust;

  

• grass;

  

• river Il;

  

• side plant plants;

  

• vegetable and fruit cleaning;

  

• straw;

  

• feces.

  

Before entering into the soil, the organizing must be quite overwhelming, so all waste should be composting in advance, and the duration of this process directly depends on the type organic Materials. On average, overlapping is required from 4 to 8 months. The dung alive and the bird is pre-bred by water in the ratio of 1:10, and only then they are used to feed plants.

pros	Minuses
Organizer contains a lot of useful trace elements	High fertilizer concentration adversely affects plants, saturates with nitrates
Improves the structure of the soil, makes it more loose	Danger of nematode soil infection, fungi or helminths
Organic Fertilizers Affordable and inexpensive	The distributions of the organic areas in the site requires certain effort and time
Slowly decompose in the soil than provide a longer action	Sharp and very unpleasant smell

The billet of organic fertilizers practically does not require material costs. For example, to make compost, you just need to choose a flat pad on the site small sizes (1x2 m, 1.5x1.5 m) and to convenience to protect it with slate or boards.

After that, the space is gradually filled with vegetable residues - weeds, straw, cleaning, with fallen leaves. Periodically composted bile Waterproof so that its contents overwhelm, and did not breathe in the sun, and once every 3-4 months moved. Thanks to such actions, compost acquires homogeneity, useful worms and microorganisms are multiplied in it.

Nutrients, getting into the ground, are binding to humus particles and penetrate into root system In the course of complex exchange reactions. Thanks to this, plants are absorbed only what they need, and grow strong, resistant to unfavorable weather and diseases. Vintage in such conditions may not be maximal, but it is environmentally friendly, well kept, fruits are delicious and fragrant, with a large content of vitamins and trace elements.

Inorganic compounds that contain nutrient elements have long been applied to agriculture and surpassed the organic. Depending on the composition, these fertilizers are customary to be divided into complex and simple. If there are at least two main elements in their composition, these are complex fertilizers: ammophos, nitropos, potash nitrate and others. If the nutrient element is only one, the fertilizer refers to the second type (carbamide, ammonium nitrate, phosphoritic flour, superphosphate).

Mineral fertilizers go on sale in concentrated form - granules, powder, liquid solutions. This largely facilitates work with them, but at the same time requires great accuracy, because the slightest excess of the dosage can negatively affect the future crop. The use of such fertilizers allows you to grow different cultures not only on the soil, but also on the grounding substrates - sawdust, coconut fiber, perlite, vermiculite and others. These substrates are more porous than the soil, which means that the roots of the plants receive more oxygen and are easier to grow.

When feeding the roots get quick access to nutrients that come along with water. In this case, the plant cannot regulate the absorption and absorbs everything that gives it. If excess mineral salts are formed in the tissues, it is compensated by the increased growth of the above-ground part. That is why cultures on mineral fertilizers develop much faster than on the organizing. At the same time, plants become watery and very sensitive to various infections, which requires additional protective measures.

The use of mineral fertilizers allows you to collect record yields Not only in quantity, but also in the size of the fruit. Despite the attractive form, such fruits contain less vitamins and worse stored. If during the cultivation to allow the exceeding the norm of feeding, mineral salts accumulate in the fruits and harm human health, causing severe poisoning. But when compliance with the technology of feeding negative consequences Not observed, and you can achieve stable yields even on poor soils.

If you choose fertilizers depending on the needs of a certain culture and competently calculate the dose, the plant will receive all the necessary nutrients.

There is another type of fertilizer, in which all the advantages of organic and mineral salts are successfully combined, and their shortcomings are practically lacking. This is organic-mineral mixtures consisting of recycled organic waste and potassium enriched, phosphorus, nitrogen and other components. This composition allows you to improve the soil, contributing to the development of microflora, as well as accelerate the ripening of fruits and increase the harvest. Since the concentration of mineral salts in these mixtures is rather low, the plants are obtained only by the necessary elements and do not accumulate harmful substances.

Combined Fertilizers - Description

What a fertilizer to choose, each gardener decides itself, depending on the desired results. But it is best to be able to find a balance between chemistry and organic and to know the measure in everything. Inappropriate appeal also contributes its own adjustments, so before using fertilizers, carefully read how it is done.

Video - what the difference between organic fertilizers from mineral

Among the gardeners are often talking about the benefits of mineral fertilizers and the need for their use on panstone To improve the growth of garden crops. Today, in the market of goods for the garden there are several types of similar preparations, characterized by the composition and appointment. Incorrect use of the means and rejection of the composition of the soil can lead to the opposite effect, so the main nuances of application should be studied before use.

Making any kinds of fertilizers pursues the goal of increasing the yield of garden crops, improving the quality of their growth and resistance to factors ambient.

It is customary to share feeding for two varieties:

• organic fertilizers - there is a complex of macro- and trace elements, fertilizers supply carbon dioxide formed under the influence of microorganisms;
• mineral - preparations with a high concentration of substances required for the nutrition of plants.

Both types of fertilizers are used to improve the nutrition of garden crops. Minerals are characterized by a higher content of elements and simple composition. They are a convenient tool, with which you can quickly adjust the composition of the soil, compensate for the nutritional deficit and thereby increase the rate of harvest.

Types of mineral fertilizers

Presented in the gardening goods market mineral fertilizers By the criterion of complexity chemical composition They are divided into complex and simple. As part of the first at the same time there are several elements, the second are intended to replenish one element. In the form of release, feeding can be liquid and dry.

Manufacturers produce feeding in hermetic packaging, mandatory indicating the name, chemical formula and the concentration of the nutrient. An instruction is applied to each product with an indication of the nuances of the application and the required conditions for providing personal safety when working with the drug.

What are minerals:

• nitrogen;
• phosphate;
• potash;
• comprehensive;
• microfertres.

Each of the listed species is used to achieve certain purposes. The error and violation of the norms of application into the ground is fraught with a plant disease and a decrease in harvest.

Nitrogen

The group of nitrogen-containing fertilizers includes a whole complex of feeding, differing from the concentration of the main active substance. Depending on its content, the absorption of the soil nutrient elements occurs in different ways. The choice of a particular type depends primarily on the type of soil and its acidity.

Nitrogen groups:

• nitrate;
• ammonia;
• ammonium;
• amid.

Nitrogen feeders are considered dangerous due to their ability to negatively affect the growth of plants in excess, and they are not used for all types of plants. Required to sufficiently maintain the active substance of tomatoes, potatoes, apple and strawberries. Nitrogen deficit leads to braking or stopping the development of garden culture.

Uricing urea increases the acidity of the soil, the nitra has a positive effect on the growth of beet crops, ammonia preparations contribute to the growth of onions, cucumber varieties, cabbage and various types of salads. The norms of making the drug depend on the type of soil, the selected method, the type of vegetable and fruit plants.

Phosphorus

In the composition of the drugs of this group, phosphoric anhydride is the main element. The drug is intended to replenish the deficit of such an element in the ground, the supply of vegetables, colors, berries. Classification of phosphoric fertilizers:

• water-soluble;
• insoluble in water;
• interactive.

The main difference in the funds of this group lies in the percentage of the main component and the ability to dissolve in water. For example, conventional phosphate contains up to 20% anhydride, double - up to 50%. Superphosphate is perfect for vegetable crops, including tomatoes, potatoes, carrots and various varieties Cabbage.

Well respond to feeding berry cultures and fruit trees.

Potash

Caline sulfate sulfate is applied in closed and in open soil. The preparation contains 50% of the main substance and there is no chlorine. When it is used to increase the nutrition of the soil in the fruits, the amount of vitamins and sugar increases, the plants acquire the best resistance, the risk of harvesting is reduced. of various types rot. Potasy drugs of plants from the cross-colors - turnip, cabbage, radish are loved.

In fertilizers such a group, besides potassium, is present additional elementdetermining the appointment of the drug. The stores meet the following types of potassium-based feeding:

• potassium chloride;
• potassium sulfate;
• calimagnesia;
• calimag.

Some gardeners for filling potassium deficiency use cement dust or ash. The latter is considered better view Upbrants for tomatoes, cucumber crops, carrots, onions and other vegetables.

Complex

Complex fertilizers are divided into two- and three-part. The main components are the elements whose deficit has the greatest impact on the growth of garden crops. Their number includes:

• nitrogen;
• phosphorus;
• potassium.

Two-contained species include nitrogen phosphate, ammophosphate, ammophos and a number of others. Three-strokes are nitroposk, ammonophos, diaphos. The main difference lies in the ratio of the proportions of nutrients in the preparation.

Complicated-mixed

Difficult-mixed drugs include nitroposses and nitrophas, in which the necessary additional nutrients are added as phosphorus or potassium. Most common n-P-K ratio How 20:16:10. Organic fertilizers can be made before sowing, directly in the wells or rows when landing, used as feeding.

Use such fertilizers mainly in large farms, if necessary to embrace large squares Landings.

Microfertres

The feature of microfertilizers is that nutrients in the composition are contained in the form available to garden crops. They are produced in the form of powdered mass or crystals, there may be complex or single-element. Their use helps to fill the deficit of those substances in which the plant needs.

Microfertres for crops are especially important during a certain period of growth. Their advantage is the lack of need for a gardener to create a cocktail from trace elements, trying to calculate the necessary proportions. Existing varieties Preparations are divided into species in accordance with the prevailing element - copper, boric, molybdenum and a number of others.

Today on sale presented big choice Mineral fertilizers. When choosing, it is necessary to clearly understand the purpose of the use of the acquired drug, which will achieve the desired result from its use. It is important to purchase purchases in proven places and give preference to manufacturers with possessing good quality Reputation and for a long time working in the production of fertilizers.

When working, it is important to comply with the safety regulations and not violate the provisions prescribed by the manufacturer. Such recommendations should be followed:

• consider when calculating the amount of the area of \u200b\u200bthe area, methods of application, the size of the landings, the type and age of the garden culture;
• not to violate orders in terms of fertilizer's deadlines;
• do not prepare solutions for feeding in advance;
• take into account the term and purposefulness of drugs;
• pay attention to the compatibility of mineral fertilizers among themselves.

Failure to comply with the deadlines for fertilizer's soil is fraught with a lack of due results. For example, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are recommended to be made into the soil in early springso that the elements can start acting, and in autumn period The sediments simply wash them out of the soil. When carrying out work on improving the hydraulicity of the soil can never be mixed ash and nitrogen-containing fertilizers.

Fig, fig, fig tree - these are all the names of the same plant, which we are persistently associated with Mediterranean life. Who at least once tried the fruit of figs, knows what kind of yummy it is. But, apart from a gentle sweet taste, they are also very useful for health. And this is what interesting detail: it turns out, figs - absolutely unpretentious plant. In addition, it can be successfully grown on the plot in middle lane Or in the house - in the container.

Quite often, the cultivation of the seedlings of tomatoes occurs even from the experienced dacities. Someone, all seedlings are elongated and weak, someone - suddenly begins to fall and dies. The thing is that it is difficult to maintain in the apartment perfect conditions For growing seedlings. Seedlings of any plants need to provide a lot of light, sufficient humidity and optimum temperature. What else do you need to know and abide by the cultivation of tomatoes seedlings in the apartment?

Delicious vinaigrette with an apple and saima cabbage - Vegetarian salad of cooked and cooled, raw, sauer, salty, pickled vegetables and fruits. The name happened from the French sauce from vinegar, olive oil And mustard (Vinaigrette). The vinaigrette appeared in Russian cuisine not so long ago, at the beginning of the 19th century, a recipe was borrowed in Austrian or German cuisine, since the ingredients for Austrian sealer salad are very similar.

When we dreamily deal in the hands of bright sachets with seeds, then sometimes subconsciously confident that we have a prototype of the future plants. Mentally allocate its place in the flower bed and anticipating the cherished day of the appearance of the first bud. However, the purchase of seeds does not always guarantee that in the end you will get the desired flower. I would like to draw attention to the reasons, as a result of which the seeds may not climb or die at the very beginning of germination.

Spring occurs, and the work of the gardeners is added, and with the onset of heat, changes in the garden occur rapidly. On plants, yesterday still sleeping, the kidney swell is already beginning, everything literally comes to life. After a long winter, this can not but rejoice. But together with the garden, his problems come to life - insect pests and disease pathogens. Weevils, blooms, tli, swasteporiosis, maniliosis, pass, puffy dew - You can enumerate for a very long time.

Toasts for breakfast with avocado and egg salad - a great start of the day. The egg salad in this recipe acts as a dense sauce, which is seasoned fresh vegetables And shrimp. My egg salad is quite unusual, it is a dietary version of all your favorite snacks - with Feta cheese, Greek yogurt and red caviar. If you have time in the morning, never deny yourself the pleasure to prepare something delicious and useful. Day you need to start with positive emotions!

Perhaps every woman at least once received as a gift flowering orchid. It is not surprising, because such a living bouquet looks amazing and long blooms. Orchids can not be called very complicated in cultivation indoor cropsBut not fulfilling the main conditions of their content often leads to the loss of flower. If you are just starting familiarizing with indoor orchidsYou should learn the right answers to the main questions on the cultivation of these beautiful plants in the house.

Magnificent cheesecakes with poppies and raisins, cooked on this recipe, in my family eat in the blink of an eye. Made sweet, plump, gentle, with an appetizing crust, without excess oil, in a word, just such as mom or grandmother fry in childhood. If the raisins are very sweet, then sugar sand can not be added at all, without sugar, cheesers are better to fit and never bury. Prepare them on a well-preheated pan, lubricated oil, on small heat and without lid!

Cherry tomatoes differ from their major fellows not only by the small size of the berries. For many varieties of Cherry characteristic of the unique sweet tastewhich is very different from the classic tomato. One who has never tried such cherry tomatoes, with closed eyes, it may well decide that it tastes some unusual exotic fruits. In this article, I will talk about five different tomatoes Cherry, who have the sweetest fruits of unusual colors.

Grow annual flowers in the garden and on the balcony I started more than 20 years ago, but I will never forget my first petunia, which I planted on the cottage along the track. A total of decades have passed, but the diva is given, how much the petunias of the past from modern multi-panic hybrids are distinguished! In this article, I propose to trace the story of the transformation of this flower from the hatch into the real queen of annuals, as well as to consider modern varieties of unusual colors.

Salad S. spicy chicken, mushrooms, cheese and grapes are fragrant and satisfying. This dish can be served as the main, if you cook a cold dinner. Cheese, nuts, mayonnaise - Caloric products, in combination with spiced fried chicken and mushrooms, it turns out a very nutritious snack, which is refreshing with sour-sweet berries of grapes. Chicken fillet in this recipe marine in a spicy mixture of cinnamon, turmeric and chili powder. If you like food with a light, use burning chili.

Question how to grow healthy seedlings, all summer houses are concerned about. It seems, and there are no secrets here - the main thing for fast and strong germs to provide them with heat, moisture and light. But in practice, in the conditions of the city apartment or a private house, it is not so simple. Of course, each experienced gardener has its own proven method of growing seedlings. But today we will talk about a relatively new assistant in this matter - the propagator.

The variety of Tomato Sanka is one of the most sought-after in Russia. Why? The answer is simple. He is the first to be fruit in bed. Tomatoes ripen when other varieties have not even been poured. Of course, if you comply with the recommendations on cultivation and make efforts, even a novice crop will receive a rich harvest and joy from the process. And that efforts are not in vain, we advise plant high-quality seeds. For example, such as seeds from TM "Agrouse".

Task indoor plants In the house - to decorate housing overlooking housing, create a special atmosphere of comfort. For this, we are ready for them to regularly care. Care is not only in time to pour, although it is important. Other conditions must be created: suitable lighting, humidity and air temperature, make the right and timely transplant. For experienced flower flowers There is nothing supernatural about it. But newcomers are often faced with certain difficulties.

Gentle cutlets out chicken breast with champignons prepare just for this recipe with step-by-step photos. It is the opinion that it is difficult to cook juicy and chicken breast and gentle cutlets, this is not true! The chicken meat practically does not contain fat, which is why it is dry. But if adding to chicken fillet cream, white bread and mushrooms with onions will turn out awesome tasty cutletswho enjoy both children and adults. In the mushroom season Try to add forest mushrooms to the mince.

Not everyone knows what kinds of fertilizers exist today. But in order to understand the types of fertilizers and their classification, it is not necessary to be a certified agronomist.

In nature, for a long time, a natural process of filling the land useful for plants with elements occurs. But a person appeared and made his adjustments - began to intensively exploit the land of land and seize more and more passengers in order to increase the number of agricultural products obtained.

During this process of undeveloped land, there was practically no left, and those on which crops took place were exhausted.

The old method is to leave the land under the ferry (give her a rest and gain strength) turned out to be ineffective, but the output was found. There were organic and mineral fertilizers.

Separation of fertilizers

The classification of fertilizers is carried out on the following features:

Mineral, Chemical and Organic Fertilizers

Organic and mineral fertilizers are characterized by their origin:

• Mineral, or chemical fertilizers - the result of the work of chemical enterprises, which use inorganic substances in their production, mainly mineral salts.
• Organic - get from the components of life. Therefore, they are a product of natural origin.

Further, the classification of fertilizers occurs by type of nutrient elements that they contain.

For example, chemical fertilizers have the basis of nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium.

According to agrochemical significance, fertilizers are divided into direct and indirect. The first are the power supply for plants, the second - improve the properties of the soil. But this separation is very conditional, because Direct fertilizers are involved in indirect interaction.

Direct fertilizers necessarily contain the main nutrient elements - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are added to the soil for sowing big amount. At the same time, if the chemical fertilizers contain only one element, then they are called simple. If two, or more - complex.

Complex fertilizers can be double or triple (complete). Such terms are introduced solely in order to determine the presence of main elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), because In absolutely pure form, they do not apply.

The separation of fertilizers to simple, mixed and complex indicates how to obtain them:

• Simple, in their composition only one element.
• Mixed, get in the process of mechanical exposure (stepsching).
• Complicated, are the result of chemical reactions.

Also, in order to improve the efficiency of transportation and storage, concentrated and non-relative fertilizers are made.

Those fertilizers that are designed for specific soil and a certain agricultural culture are called balanced.

Mineral fertilizers

Produced in three types - ammonia, contain ammonium sulfate, nitrate, the presence of ammonium nitrate and amide, urea is present.

• Ammonia nitrogen introduced into the soil with weak acidity is well absorbed by plants through the root system and may be in it for quite a long time. It is brought to sowing (in spring) and after harvest (in the fall).
• Nitrate nitrogen, introduced into the soil in the form of a solution, so its validity period is limited. Applied with the beginning of spring. It is easily absorbed by plants and can be used in summer in the form of feeding.
• Amid nitrogen - high-speed, acidifying the fertilizer. For high temperatures The environment varies in ammonium form. It is used mainly for feeding.

1. Based on phosphorus (phosphoric).

They are divided into water-soluble, semi-soluble and hard-soluble.

• Superphosphate simple and double - easy-soluble fertilizer, which is used on any types of soil. Careful mixing with water does not require, because The dissolution process is easily occurring without mechanical impact.
• Precipate - semi-soluble fertilizer. Water is not soluble in water, weak acids are used for this. Applied on acidic soils.
• Phosphorite flour - a hard-soluble fertilizer. Available plants only on acid soils. When making, requires thorough mixing with soil.

1. Based on potassium (potash).

Are concentrated chloride and sulfur salts.

• Potassium chloride is well soluble in water. Penetration inside the soil is somewhat slowed down. Used on clay and thin soils, taking into account that the roots of plants are poorly developed and require rapid intake of nutrients.
• Potassium salt - easily dissolved in water. Most used on sandy soils, to replenish the lack of potassium. In the fall, the use of this fertilizer is not desirable, because There is a rapid flushing with groundwater.

1. Based on lime (lime).

Used to eliminate excessive acidity of the soil and enriching it by calcium.

1. Chlorine-containing fertilizers.

Organic fertilizers

Biohumus, sapropel, humus, peat, manure, bird lips, guano, compost - fertilizers having organic base. You can also add comprehensive organic fertilizers to them.

Organic fertilizers produce from substances that are formed as a result of a natural process of vital activity of plants, animals and birds.

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his state is the underdeveloped, semi-carry, overwhelming and humus.

• The volume of nutrients in the manure may be different, depending on which animal it is obtained. In the manure of horses and sheep, for example, less water and more organic and inorganic substances than in cow and pork.
• The effectiveness of the use of manure depends on its quality, produced volumes and soil-climatic conditions. It is used in spring and autumn depending on the stage of its condition. Freshly, it is better not to apply.
• Manure increases yield not only in the year of its introduction to the soil, but also a few years after that.
• Depending on the technology of its production, there is a manure of underlining (semi-liquid) and non-free (liquid). They have some differences in composition, ways to use and storing.

1. Bird litter - is considered to be the best organic fertilizer.

Especially chicken and pigeon. Such fertilizer is best used in autumn, evenly distributed over the entire area land plot, due to the high content of nitrogen in a nitrate form. Using avian litter in liquid feeding - is the most efficient.

1. Peat - contains not a lot of nutrient elements. But its use allows to improve the soil structure with an increase in the content of humus.

Peat fertilizer is distinguished by the degree of decomposition - riding and low. Horse has vegetation residues and high acidity.

Peat is made almost at any time of the year. A prerequisite for use is to add lime.

1. Il - postponed at the bottom of the reservoirs (ponds, lakes, rivers). In its structure contains a lot of humus and mineral elements. Before adding to the soil, it is necessary to ventilate good (withstand some time outdoors). Successfully used on sandy soils.

1. Sawdust and wood bark - inexpensive means To increase the fertility of the soil and improve its moisture intensity and air permeability. It is brought into the soil in the rimming form or with other components.
2. Siderates are high-alkaline plants smelled into the soil. Affect the soil almost the same as fresh manure.
3. Complex organic fertilizers - consist of organic and mineral substances that are connected by chemical or mechanical method. The result of the treatment of a bird's litter or manure by the method of biofermentation.

Physical properties

Types of fertilizers and fertilizer classification take into account the aggregate (physical) state. They can be solid, liquid and even gaseous. The use of gaseous fertilizers, for example, carbon dioxide is carried out in full insulation from the atmosphere.

After manufacture and transportation, before use, the physical properties of fertilizers can be changed.

Very important component physical propertiesis the ability of the initial product to dissolve, because Plants get all the nutrient elements with water.

The types of fertilizers in this regard are diverse, but in the first place there are large-crystalline and granular. This is due to the fact that with local introduction to the soil, the process of natural washing is slowed down, and the period of action increases with the minimum loss of useful components.

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Video - Classification of Fertilizers

The source of plant nutrition and the increase in soil fertility are mineral fertilizers (Tuki). They are used not only by dacms and gardens, but also the owners of farmland to obtain a rich harvest, the enrichment of the soil and feeding plants. In this article we will talk about the types, composition and methods of making mineral fertilizers.

Types, composition, making mineral fertilizers

Depending on its composition, mineral fertilizers are divided into two main types: simple and complex. As part of simple, only one component is located, and in complex - 2 or more. In efficiency, complex fertilizers have an advantage over simple. Their advantage is due not only to the peculiarities of various acidity and the presence of substances in the soil, but also easily and ease of making (it is not necessary to independently determine the characteristics of the soil).

Simple fertilizers (one-sided)

Simple (other name - one-sided) fertilizer contain one nutrient element.

Urea (carbamide)

• the most concentrated nitrogen fertilizer containing 46% nitrogen. Mulogigroscopic, well dissolved in water. Used when embelling in the soil and for not root feeding. With superficial loss of nitrogen, 20% is reached. Slides the soil. Urea can not be mixed with lime, superphosphate.

Ammonia Seliver (nitrogen-sour ammonium, ammonium nitrate)

• contains 34-35% nitrogen in ammonium and nitrate forms. Gigroscopic, well dissolved in water, acidifies the soil, therefore contribute to the cummed soils. It can be mixed with potash salts and before making with superphosphate, not mixed with lime and manure.

Ammonium sulfate (sulfur-sour ammonium)

• it contains 20% nitrogen, is well soluble in water, heavily acidifies the soil, therefore contribute to the cumulative soils or in combination (not in the mixture) with lime or phosphatetic flour. Ammonium sulfate is well held in the soil, unlike others nitrogen fertilizersmost effective with strong soil moisture.

Sodium Selitra

• contains 16% nitrogen, alkaline fertilizer, applied on acidic, not visible soils. Easy soluble in water. It is possible to mix with superphosphate and fertilizers only before making in the soil.

Calcium Selith (Nitrogen Calcium, Calcium Nitrate)

• contains 15% nitrogen, stuck soil. Very hygroscopic, so stored it in the package in a dry place. Well soluble in water; Do not mix with superphosphate.

Nitrogen

• it moves well in the soil in depth and by radius from the point of application to 40 cm. In the plant nitrogen flows in the form of nitrates and ammonia. Much attention to the assimilation of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen plants has soil acidity. Ammonia (urea, ammonium sulfate) is the best source of nitrogen in neutral soils, and nitrates (sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate) in acidic soils. Without application of nitrogen fertilizers, the amount of nitrogen in the soil is rarely sufficient.

Ammonia

• reduces the flow of potassium into the plant and increases the flow of phosphorus, therefore, with systematic making of such fertilizers, like urea and ammonium sulfate, it is necessary to make a sufficient number of potash fertilizers. Excess nitrogen is harmful not only by plants: being washed out of the soil, he penetrates into groundwater, polluting them.

Powder superphosphate

• contains 20% oxide-digestible oxide by plants, water soluble. The soil does not acidify, quickly binds to the soil and slowly moves into an inflicitable form. Suitable for all soils, it acts better on acid after the lime. Superphosphate can be mixed in nitrogen and potash fertilizers Just before entering into the soil, they do not mix with lime.

Superphosphate granular

• contains phosphorus oxide to 22%, soil is binding to less quickly than powder.

Superphosphate dual (granulated)

• contains 42-49% soluble phosphorus oxide.

Phosphoritic flour

• ground natural phosphorites contain 14-30% soluble phosphorus oxide. It does not dissolve in water. Weakens acidity, efficient on acidic soils, it does not apply it on carbonate. With lime and manure are not mixed, with the rest of the fertilizers mix only before entering into the soil. Contribute under autumn peopleEffectiveness increases while simultaneously introduced with potash fertilizers. Use for composting.
• With systematic addiction of high doses of phosphoric fertilizers, the need of plants in microfertilizers increases. Phosphor is weakly moved in the soil, so it can accumulate over time. The introduction of phosphate fertilizers in connection with this can be periodically (not every year) in elevated doses.

Potassium chloride

• the main concentrated potash fertilizer containing 53-60% potassium oxide. Malogigroscopic, contains chlorine, which in the autumn making is washed out in the deep layers and does not harm plants. Chlorine leaching occurs in a compound with calcium, calcium loss in the soil can be compensated by the addition of superphosphate.

Potassium salt

• a mixture of potassium chloride with silvinite and cainitis is close by properties to potassium chloride, but contains more chlorine and sodium. The digestible oxide of potassium is 40%.
• Chlorine-containing fertilizers should not be applied under raspberry, currants, strawberries, gooseberries, since these cultures are sensitive to chlorine and high doses of it in the soil reduce yield.

Potassium carbon dioxide (Potash)

• contains 55-60% potassium oxide, does not contain chlorine, good source Potassium for plants sensitive to chlorine. Apply on acid soil types.

Potash magnesium concentrate (Calimag)

• contains 19% potassium oxide and 9% magnesium, not hygroscopic, does not fit. Recommended for light soils.

Potassium Magnesium Sulfate (Calimagnesia)

• blood fertilizer contains 30% potassium oxide and 10% magnesium oxide, it is recommended to apply on light soils, poor magnesium.

Selitra Kalivaya

• it does not contain chlorine, in its composition 44% of potassium oxide and 14% nitrogen, is recommended for the introduction of spring due to the content of easily soluble nitrogen.

Dolomitic flour

• contains 20% magnesium and 28% potassium, primarily contribute to the light soils as magnesium fertilizer and as a lime material.

Magnesium sulkais

• contains 16% magnesium, well soluble in water, in the soil goes into an exchange state. Good results gives spraying after flowering trees 2-3 times at intervals of 10 days 1-2% magnesium sulfate solution (200-250 g / 10l water).

Complex fertilizers (multilateral)

Complex called fertilizers containing 2 or 3 main nutrient elements. They can also include manganese, magnesium and trace elements. They are divided into double (phosphorus-potash, nitrogen-phosphoric, nitrogen-potash) and triple nitrogen-phosphorus-potash.

Structure

Fertilizer	Approximate nitrogen content,%	Approximate phosphorus content,%	Sample potassium content,%
Ammophos.	10-12	40-50	—
Diammophos.	19	49	—
Nitroammophos	16-25	20-24	—
Nitroammofoska	14-16	14-16	16-18
Nitropos	24	14-17	—
Nitroposka	11-17	9-17	10-17
Carboammophos.	19-32	16-29	—
Carboammofoska	14-24	12-21	10-17

On the labels, accompanying each package of fertilizers, the content of the elements in them is indicated. Fertilizers not containing potassium (ammophos, diammophos, etc.), are used on the soils rich in potassium. They are characterized by high solubility of the phosphoric component. Three-component fertilizers contain all three nutrient elements in different ratios.

For example, in the nitroposka, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be as follows:

• 1:1:1;
• 1:1,5:1;
• 1:1,5:1,5;
• 1: 2: 1, etc.

According to its action, these fertilizers can exceed a mixture of simple fertilizers.

Featuring mixes are produced by industry for soil fertilizer in gardens. Mixtures are prepared from different shapes Mineral fertilizers with various compositions of basic nutrients and additive trace elements. Mixtures of three brands are produced depending on the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in them:

• garden - 1: 1.6: 1.5;
• fruit-berry - 1: 1.6: 1.25;
• flower - 1: 1.5: 1.

Such fertilizers are used in a spring-summer period.

It should be noted that for all fertilizers is attached detailed instructions, we emphasize general ruleswhich is important to observe when working.

• Do not bred fertilizers in the dishes, which is used for cooking.
• Most safely store fertilizers in vacuum packaging, which will further increase the time of safety.
• If the fertilizers were closer, grind them before making, passing through a sieve 3-5 mm.
• When making, do not exceed the recommended dose by the manufacturer.
• If the feeding is made through the soil, the solution should not fall on the autonomic mass of the culture of the culture. Alternatively, after feeding, take the plants with water.
• Fertilizers in a dry form, as well as nitrogen-containing and potash, immediately close up in the upper layer of the soil. Not very deeply so that they are available to the root system.
• Watch the beds before making mineral fertilizers into the soil. This will help to soften the concentrate.
• To achieve a better result, phosphoric and potash fertilizers, put the soil only in a nitrogen-depleted nitrogen in combination with this element.
• For clay soil Increase the dose of applied fertilizers. From phosphorus we advise superphosphate.
• For sandy - reduce the number of fertilizers, but increase the number of feeding. Any phosphoric fertilizer is suitable.
• In the middle lane of Russia, abundant precipitation, 30% of the main fertilizer put in the process of seeding seeds or landing seedlings into the soil into the landing wells and grooves. To prevent the roots burns, mix the composition well with the Earth.
• To increase the soil fertility, alternate mineral and organic feeding.
• If the plants on the beds too rode, use out root feed (by foliage). In fruit and berries, spend it in the spring of the young formed foliage.
• Cut the root feeding with potash fertilizers in autumn, closeing them to a depth of 8-10 cm.
• If you make mineral fertilizers as the main mineral fertilizer, spread them along the ground with the subsequent sealing into the soil.
• Most effective method - Make joint mineral and organic fertilizers. At the same time, the dose of mineral is reduced by 30%.
• The most practical fertilizers are granulated. Brought under the autumn people.

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