Ecology of knowledge. Home: growing home orchid - lesson not for lazy, orchid requires special care, but gives the owner's present magic. How to properly contain orchid and care for her.
Grow orchid at home is not a lesson for lazy, orchid requires special care, but gives the owner's present magic. How to properly contain orchid and care for her.
Orchid content
Remember that orchid - epipheit. That is, in vivo, it lives on other plants, as a rule, on trees. Therefore, it is not necessary to plant it in the ground, but in a special substrate. The substrate for orchids can be purchased ready, but you can cook yourself. Take the dry bark of pine, boil well. Dry. After a couple of days, boil once again. It is necessary to destroy malicious insects. Course ready to cut into small parts (pieces of 1.5-2 cm magnitude). Mix with dried chopped moss sphagnum. Substrate ready.
A few words about a pot for orchid. Choosing a pot for orchids, specialists advised over or, even better, transparent - this does not heat up in the sun and will not overheat the roots of the plant. What is interesting is better than a pot of plastic - in the clay root of orchids grow into its porous walls and therefore are very traumatized during transplantation. In the pot, there must be holes, because one of the main conditions of healthy orchid well-being is excellent ventilation. In addition, water will not be stood there.
Pot prepared. Now that the care of orchids is simpler, put on the bottom of the drainage needed for good water movement. As a drainage, small pieces of foam (0.5-1 cm) can be used. The drainage layer should take a slightly less than one fourth part of the pot, then three quarters put a cooked substrate and placing orchid. In no case give the roots! Having arranged a plant, sleep the pot of the remaining substrate.
And remember - transplanted orchid once every 3 years, not more often.
Illumination of orchid
Orchid is a very light-lubricated plant. Depends on the presence of the required volume of light, whether the orchid flowers will be and how long. But at the same time she does not tolerate the bright midday sun. So the pot with beauty is better to post on the Western or Eastern window. If there is no such possibility, provide the flower extra light. It is possible to determine how orchid feels, it is possible in the leaves - if they become very dark, then there are few lights, and if yellow or covered with spots, then you are in abundance.
Watering and feeding orchids.
Water orchid follows every 2-3 days in summer, in winter - 1-2 times a week. Make sure that the substrate slightly knew in the breaks between the irrigation, the mooring of the orchids does not like. Water orchid, putting a pot with a flower for 10 minutes in a pelvis with water, through the holes in the pot of the substrate dials water. Then we drain the water, and let the plant even the same time stand in empty capacity.
Watering a plant from above, like all other flowers, no sense, the desired amount of moisture will not receive the flower in such a way. For irrigation, use warmly stunned water. An indicator of the lack of moisture is wrinkled leaves and pseudobulb, and excessive - darkened or, especially, reinforcing roots.
Orchids do not like dry air, so do not forget about moisturizing. Periodically spray orchid with warm water, especially in the heat or if the flower is located next to the heating batteries. But do not do it overnight, night stems and leaves must be dry, better in the morning or day.
An interesting idea - from time to time to arrange a warm shower for orchid. Thus, we remind the plant about warm tropical rains and, as noted by lovers of this flower, after such a procedure they grow more fun and more actively bloom. But it is not necessary to do this when the orchid is already blooming - all the same room plants are weaker than in nature, and can reset their wonderful petals. Everything is happening so - the flower put the bath and watered a weak jet out of the shower within a few minutes. The water temperature should be about + 40 ° C, that is, a little warmer body temperature. Let the water drain and "cool" the flower, blot with the napkin of the plant, so that it does not start.
In addition to regular irrigation, orchids need to additionally feed. Use specialized fertilizers for orchids, feed the orchids-epiphytes to the residues of fertilizers from other indoor plants not only is useless, but also dangerous because they score the roots of the roots necessary orchids. During growth and flowering it needs to be done 1 time in two weeks. The rest of the time is enough 1-2 times a month and smaller quantities.
Orchids and air
In the nature of orchids - epiphytes, that is, the rag in trees, where air circulation is significantly higher than on Earth. Therefore, in stuffy, unbelievable orchid premises, they grow badly and bloom worse. If you are interested in the orchid in your home it was good, organize a small air movement. But not draft - he does not like orchids, they quickly drop flowers. Professional orchid flower flowers periodically (per hour or two) include indoors with orchids a weak fan, not directed to flowers.
As for the air temperature, the orchids in the overwhelming majority - the immigrants from the southern countries and love heat, therefore the optimal temperature for their content and departure + 20c- + 25c. And if the temperature drops to 17 degrees and below, the chance to see the flowering of orchid is minimal.
Orchid does not bloom - what kind of care
Orchid flowering is the most joyful moment in the life of any flower. Orchid blooms aged 1.5-2.5 years. Waiting for her flowering is very difficult. It would seem that you care for her with all my might, and she, ungrateful, flourishing does not want. And you leave her alone! To release a wonderful flower, orchid needs a small stress. Accelerate the flowering can serve as a sharp temperature difference. For example, you will hold it all night at a temperature of + 18 ° C or in the morning, and move it in the morning. A pole can serve as a cutting of irrigation. In winter, it makes no sense in winter - it is better to put it in a cool place, let him be waiting for spring there.published
No one can leave indifferent beautiful orchid. But the cultivation of this flower is possible at home. Of course, capricious tropical beauties require careful care. Be patient and orchid very soon pleases you with your fantastic colors.
Choice of orchid type for landing
In nature, there are more than 25,000 species of these plants, and hybrids - 90000. Among this variety of species, not everyone can grow in room conditions.
When choosing the type of orchids, the room temperature should be taken into account in which the flowers will be grown. For warm rooms, Vandy, phalaenopsis, catlers, dendrobiuma, for premises with temperate temperatures - Lelia. And for cool premises, the agencies, pafiopyurians and dendrobiums are perfect.
The most adapted form of orchids - phalaenopsis. It is also called the butterfly orchid. In compliance with all the care recommendations, you can admire the colors for almost six months a year. And it is this kind that advise you to choose as the first orchid, which you will grow at home.
Landing orchids
Orchid - epiphyte plant. This means that in natural conditions it grows not on the soil, but on other plants, usually these are trees. Therefore, in room conditions, orchid can be planted on the block or in a special substrate. But the choice of a method of landing depends on the recommendations on the cultivation of orchids. For different types of plants, they are different.
Landing orchids on the block
As a block, you can use a piece of pine tree, cork oak or amur velvet, and a tree fern is also suitable. More good chambers, especially those left after sorting peat. The block size is selected taking into account the size of the plant itself and its features.
Landing orchids on the block is not so difficult. It is necessary to put a small amount of sfagnum moss under the plant and climb a plant to the block with a soft wire or synthetic thread.
The peculiarity of the cultivation of orchids on the block is the rapid drying of the roots. Therefore, if you land the plant on the block, you should take care of greater humidity. Ideally will put such orchid into a small greenhouse.
Landing orchids in the substrate
Preparing a substrate for landing
For the cultivation of orchids at home is best to buy a special substrate. But you can cook it yourself.
1st view:
For the preparation of the substrate, you will need a dry bark of pine and dried moss sphagnum. The bark must be boiled for 10 minutes. Dry. After 2-3 days, the procedure is repeated. Boil destroys malicious insects. The prepared boron must be cut into pieces of 1.5-2 cm. Moss must be crushed and mixed with pieces of bark. Now the substrate is ready.
2nd view:
We take 1 part of the crushed fern roots, 1 part of the crushed moss, 1 part of the turf, light and very loose, 1 part of the leaf land. To improve the structure of the substrate, a little fallen oak leaves are added.
3rd View:
A mixture of pine crust and peat are taken in different ratios depending on the required moisture intensity. For example: the ratio of 7: 1 is a substrate of medium moisture intensity, 1: 1 is a substrate with very high moisture intensity.
Preparation of tank for orchid
Plastic or ceramic pots, various baskets, use as a container for planting orchids, various baskets.
It is preferable to plant plants into white or transparent containers with a smooth surface. If you put orchid into a rough clay pot, then the subsequent transplantation of the plant will be very traumatic for the roots. It is recommended to do additional holes in the pot in order to provide an additional air flow to the root system. Additional holes will not allow the moisture surplus. The hard wire is attached to the hard wire, which will serve as a support of the plant.
Planting orchids in a pot
1/3 The volume of the pot is filled with drainage. It can be clayzit, foam, gravel, shards, broken brick. After that, we put orchid in the pot. Fresh roots to a wire-based wire with a soft wire or a caprony thread. I fall asleep the cooked substrate. In this case, the horizontal part of the stem must remain on the surface.
Landing orchids in a basket
Basket - the best tank for the cultivation of orchids. Due to the good air access and moderate humidity, the plants form an excellent root system. For landing in a basket is not required drainage. The wire mesh is attached to the bottom of the tank. It can be replaced by pieces of bark or moss. Orchid roots are attached to this grid. The substrate is stacked from above, which should be more moisture. To do this, a moss or peat is added to it. Side boats basket closed with moss. This will increase the moisture content of the substrate.
Optimal conditions for growing orchids
Orchid - a plant is light-chapter, but does not tolerate direct sunlight. The ideal location will be the West or Eastern Window. In winter, additional light will be required. The length of the day, which is necessary for the proper development of the plant - 12-15 hours. The main signs of lack of light are dark, soft leaves, excessive elongation of leaves and bullbills.
For the cultivation of orchids, it is necessary to maintain the temperature within +20 ... + 25 ° C. The minimum temperature that orchids can withstand + 12 ° C.
Orchids feel good at relative air humidity 50-60%. But the optimal humidity is 70-80%. Such humidity can be achieved only in the greenhouse, which must be used. The room in which the orchid is growing requires ventilating, but the drafts of the plants are afraid. Wet stagnant air can cause mushroom and bacterial infections.
With insufficient humidity of the orchid air, it is recommended to spray up to 3 times a day. During flowering when spraying, water should be avoided. Spraying is carried out in the morning, after lunch and at night, but so that the leaves are completely dried by night. If plants are outdoors (on the balcony, veranda), it is better to refrain from the evening spraying. If in winter the air temperature is low, it is not required to spray orchids.
A pot with orchid can be placed on a pallet with water and pebbles. Water, evaporating, will moisturize plants. Often orchids are exhibiting next to the aquarium.
Watering orchids
For irrigation, only soft water is suitable (from 2 to 7 Dh), without chemical impurities. For irrigation, water is used, boiled or filtered by the household filter water. Ideal for irrigation orchids Rain water.
To reduce the rigidity of water, pieces of peat are added to it. Peat wrapped in a wrapping bag and falls into the water for a day. 10 g of peat is taken on 10 liters.
Watering mode is selected for each plant individually. It is necessary to water orchid only when the substrate is completely dry. All excess water should flow out of the pot, without lingering. Watering temperature for watering + 30-40 ° C. Watering the plants in the morning. In the summer of orchids, it should be watered every 2-3 days, in winter - 1-2 times a week. Very useful for orchids hot shower for a few minutes.
Orchids are very demanding, capricious flowers. But how are they good!
Newbies in the world of orchids do not fear them. Many orchids are easy to grow, if you pay a little time to learn about their needs. They are not like traditional plants in pots. They are epiphytes, which means that they do not grow in the ground, but rather use the trunks of the trees.
The care for orchids is simple, it is simply not like for ordinary plants. Orchids have a reputation difficult to grown, but in fact many varieties can become excellent home plants. With proper care, orchids can bloom over several months each year. To ensure good care requires only some basic knowledge about orchids and how to grow them.
A variety of orchids
The orchid family has more than 880 different types (called childbirth) and more than 22,000 species. These figures grow every year, turning orchids into the largest and most diversified family.
Orchids are tropical plants that live like "air plants" hanging from trees. There are orchids-lithophytes or "stone plants" growing on or among the rocks. The rest of the orchids are "earthlings" who grow in the drunken soils of the jungle.
Despite this, only a few dozen species are available for breeding at home, and more precisely, their hybrids. These hybrids were created by crossing different species, and sometimes different kinds, to obtain the desired characteristics, such as color, aroma, flower size, simplicity of care and reproduction. Today's orchid hybrids are very useful indoor plants, which are relatively easy to care for, knowing their basic needs.
Soil for orchids
First of all, you need to remember: Orchids are not growing in the ground, it will "strange" the roots and kill the plant. Orchids require a special environment, and the best soil for the plant will be the most similar with the natural type in which it grows. The main property that the soil must have a soil for orchid is sufficient moisture.
Pots for orchids
Orchids do not grow in pots in the wild. People placed them in pots for their own convenience. The main secret of healthy orchids is healthy roots. The health of ordinary potted plants is assessed by the growth of their leaves, and for orchids, the best indicator of the plant health is the growth of the roots.
See also:
Pumpkin - landing, cultivation and proper care
Choosing a pot, you need to understand that the roots should breathe and feel free. For orchids, the growth of the roots outside the pot will be optimal. But then you will have to maintain the appropriate level of humidity in the house, which is not always possible, especially in winter with the included heating devices. Thus, at home the pot will be the best choice for holding some moisture around the roots.
A good capacity is transparent pots, through which can be seen whether the roots are growing. It is also worth saying that the photosynthesis process occurs in the roots of orchids, and the transparent pot will help them in this. You can also use bright or white pots.
The conclusion from the foregoing is: transparent plastic pots of small size (a little more of the root volume) allow you to see the roots. White plastic pots are optimal for photosynthesis and more attractive transparent. But the ceramic pots are easier to clean and they emphasize the beauty of flowering plants. Choosing a breeder.
Fertilizer for orchids 
Orchids require special fertilizers intended for this family. The general ingredient in many conventional fertilizers is urea, which is not very well absorbed by orchids.
Orchids do not require a lot of fertilizers: for most species, the "Mondown, weekly" regime is suitable.
Air humidity and circulation
"Orchids do not like wet legs," but respond to increased humidity. Therefore, they are often placed in wet trays, from which moisture will evaporate.
Orchids feel good among "relatives", as it also contributes to the increase in humidity among plants. But do not forget about ventilating: too large humidity and minor air circulation can lead to rotting. The achievement of the optimal balance of humidity and air circulation is one of the goals of successful orchid care.
Watering orchids
The desired amount of water varies depending on the season: Orchids dry faster in hot and cold weather. Optimal irrigation also depends on the type of plant.
To check how much the plant needs water, you need to stick in a wooden wand in a pot and after some time pull out. Dry wand - Watering is urgently needed, wet - with watering, you can wait, slightly wet - it will be necessary to irrigate. The third state is the most optimal for orchid.
It is difficult to believe, but orchids are not much younger than fern. They existed 130 million years ago. Perhaps no flower has increased in such a multitude of legends as orchid. In one of them it describes that beautiful Aphrodite, running through the forest, lost a shoe, and at this place there are no less beautiful orchid flower.
Another tells about the broken rainbow, from whose fragments have grown orchids.
For a long time, it was believed that their breeding is possible only in Orangers. Now lovers of houseplants proudly demonstrate the collections of orchids grown on window sills of urban apartments.
Orchid flower description
Pseudobulba
This is a seal on the stem containing a stock of water. It is almost on the root, it is from there that flower pains and leaves go. The form of the pseudobulb is spherical, ovoid and cylindrical.
Leaves
Collected in the root rosette, dense, green, oblong, while quite broad.
Roots
Have a compiled shape using which they are embroidered to any plant.
Features of cultivation
For a long time, the orchid was considered difficult for dilution at home flower. Now the situation has changed. Orchid is now full of home flower. For successful cultivation, sufficiently small experience and practical knowledge.
Orchid purchased in the store, it is not always necessary to transplant, but only in several cases:
- the flower does not hold in a pot, reasons: the leaves grew on one side - it is necessary not just to transplant orchid, but take a pot or choose a heavy glass of glass;
- if there was moss-sfagnum in the transport pot;
- if another pot is cooked for orchids.
- there is little soil in the capacitance, and the flower is swinging - to glue the substrate or transplanted orchid;
- speed \u200b\u200bthrough the transparent walls of the problem with the roots - orchid should urgently remove, remove bad roots, sprinkle sections of coal sections and transplant; If there will be little healthy roots, the floweros will have to cut, otherwise the plant will die, the roots will not be able to fully provide it with power;
Methods landing
Orchid planted into a transparent pot, because her roots are involved in photosynthesis on a par with leaves. On the bottom there should be a lot of holes for the flow of water and the flow of extra. Orchid pot can be plastic or glass. Step-by-step instructions for the planting method are shown below in the "Orchid Transfer" section.
Optimal time for landing
The best time for planting is spring.
Soil for landing
For orchids, ordinary soil is not suitable: their roots are used to getting a lot of air, most of them grow on trees. It is better to buy a finished substrate for orchids. Then the plant is guaranteed normal air permeability. If there is no such possibility, you can mix a pine boron chopped into small pieces (pieces of approximately 1-2 cm) with garden earth.
Corre needs to be rejected for an hour. In the mixture add plowed charcoal.
In the process of plant care, there are three main components: light, watering, temperature.
Plant Location and Lighting
Properly organized lighting is the key to the successful breeding of orchids. They need a lot of light, but it must be scattered, soft. In summer, sunlight is filtered using curtains or special filters sticking to the window.
In the fall, you can let the sun rays into the room: They will no longer be able to burn gentle flower leaves. In winter, it is not only necessary to remove everything that prevents natural light, but also add it artificial. Light day for orchids lasts up to 12 hours.
It is desirable that the orchids stood on the southern windowsill, especially from the fall in spring, but they feel good in southeast and southwestern, although there will be a problem of additional lighting. With good artificial light, some types of orchids feel comfortable on northern window sills. Orchids can be taken out on the street, but do not forget to diagnose and not put out on the draft.
Air humidity
Plants need high humidity. It is useful to regularly spray, increase moisture in different ways, but only in the warm room. With cold content and high humidity in orchids can heat the roots. Under all conditions it is necessary to ensure the care of the leaves of orchids, thoroughly wiping them with a wet cloth and spraying.
With the cultivation of miniature orchids, the problem with humidity is simply solved. It is convenient to grow in aquarium. At the same time, the polyvku minimize: they will only enough moisture in the environment and its stock in pseudobulb.
To select a temperature for orchids, you need to know that different types of plants prefer different temperatures. You can allocate:
Teploche
They need a high temperature that gives up in summer to 30-32 degrees and not lowering below 20. In winter, it is grown at 15-18 degrees, but the difference between day and night temperatures should not be more than 3-4 degrees. These orchids come from rainforest: mostly phalaenopsis, dendrobiuma, some varieties of cattle.
Growing at medium temperatures
In summer, they will arrange a temperature of 18-25 degrees, in winter 12-15. These orchids were once brought to Europe from the tropics, but from the mountains and foreguides, hence such low growth temperatures. These are miltonia and odontoglosums.
Cool temperature lovers
In summer, such orchids will successfully grow at a temperature of 18-22 degrees, and in winter it is enough to 10-13. They are from high spirits and areas of subtropics. Australian dendrobiuma, almost all pafioediliums.
But most orchid owners bought them in the store or received as a gift, again the donor acquired them, as a rule, in the nearest flower kiosk. They themselves and their ancestors were grown in Europe, most likely in Holland, and perfectly feel at a temperature of 20-27 degrees in summer and 15-18 in winter.
Orchids are sick of stuffy rooms: The room must regularly ventilate. But it is impossible to arrange drafts.
How to water
To organize the right irrigation, it is necessary to prevent well in what conditions orchids grew in nature. And closer to watering as close to natural:
- all Orchids Plants - Epiphyts, so they can easily transfer a small break in watering, but it cannot be allowed to be allowed: the leaves will start wrinkling;
- some orchids (phalaenopsis, cymbidium, pafioedulum) They love the substrate constantly slightly humid; Other (oncidium, dendrobium, cattleya) require that the soil is first kind;
- water must be soft and warm; Ideally, rain or thareme preheating; water water can be boiled;
- it is better not to water the plant from above, but to put directly in a pot into a thickness with water and leave for a few minutes, then take out, give water to the water.
Ideally fertilize orchid do not need. She is enough for the reserve of nutrients in the substrate. But then the flower should be relocated regularly every two years.
If there was no transplant, then it is better to make feeding. You can not take any fertilizers for colors. They require only special for orchids. It is necessary to strictly observe the proportions called in the instructions. Fertilizers are entered in a period of flowering once a week.
Trimming orchid
Orchids cut the flowerons after flowering.
Ways trimming
After the orchid is wondering on the main axis, you can cut a blossom, leaving up to 5 kidneys from a sheet outlet. Then the flowerons from the kidneys found themselves below cut, and flowering will continue. When the plant wonders finally, clip all the blooms.
Orchid transplant
The flower is transplanted once every two years to replenish nutrients in the substrate. If the pot has become small, then transplant more often. The plant transplant in the spring, but it can not be done if the orchid released the floweros. She may not bloom.
Methods of transplant
The transplant causes many questions from novice flowerflowers. Here it is necessary to follow a specific algorithm:
- carefully sharp narrow knife to separate the walls of the pot and the root com (roots can doctors in the pot);
- clear old soil and cut dead and rotten roots;
- in a new kashpo pour a little soil;
- install the plant in Kashpo, trying to be in the middle;
- carefully straighten the roots, they are brittle;
- first, we gradually fill the emptiness between the roots, then the entire pot to the very edge, while shaking it from time to time so that the substrate filled everything evenly;
- on top of the soil slightly to strip with something flat, for example, a spoon;
- after transplanting, orchid put in a warm place and begin to water little.
It is easy to propagate at home, if you have certain knowledge.
Methods of breeding
There are two main ways: seeds and vegetative reproduction. In reproduction, seeds can not receive a plant, the same with the parent.
Division
This method is suitable if the plant is large. Then the rhizome itself during the transplant disintegrates into parts. It can be divided:
- orchid get out of the tank and carefully clean the roots from the soil;
- a knife, which is pre-disinfected on an open fire, divide the rhizome between pseudobulb;
- sections are powered by coal;
- flowers are planted in Cachepo according to the already described method.
Do it better in spring.
Reproduction of cuttings
Not all sorts like this can be divided, but some, for example, Wanda, can be.
The topping break is separated by a sterile knife, the location of the cut is dipped into the crushed coal and planted in a pot.
Breeding kids (sipped siblings)
Many flowers, for example, phalaenopsis and dendrobium, give side shoots, kids. If such a babe was formed, it should be preserved, often spray and wait patiently when she gives roots. Then it is separated and planted into the container, sprinkled with coal cut.
The appearance of such a kid can provoke. This requires: high temperature indoor and nitrogen fertilizer.
Reproduction with gagging (pseudobulbami)
The pseudobulb is neatly separated and after treatment with coal, it is planted into the ground. Further care lies in watering.
Reproduction of seeds
Orchid seeds are very small, it is the main complexity of such reproduction. They enjoy only those who are engaged in selection. Seeds are placed in an artificial nutrient medium in sterile conditions so that mold fungi does not develop, and germinate for 3-9 months. Then planted in the substrate and waiting for another 2-3 years, until the plant can be transplanted. Flowers grown from orchid seeds only after 3-4 years.
The store buy blooming orchid. Therefore, before each owner is sharply two questions: is it possible to make it blooming for a long time and how to force her blossom again, if quickly poured.
When the orchid flowers blooms
They bloom, reaching the age of 1.5-2.5 years.
In order for orchid pleased with bloom, it is necessary to create certain conditions for it:
- provide a long daylight, orchid should lay the desired number of kidneys and form a color scheme, this is a long process;
- we necessarily need differences and night temperatures, during this period they can reach 5-7 degrees.
But if the orchid does not want to bloom, you can try to force it by arranging extreme conditions of detention:
- to withstand it 15-20 days at a temperature of 15-17 degrees;
- it is noticeable to reduce watering during this period.
In different types of orchids, the flowers differ significantly as a form and shades of color. But there is also a common: the bottom petal in shape resembles a lip, there are two cups on the sides of it, two side petals are tested above them, the top cup completes all this.
Orchid care during flowering
Orchid depending on the type and how much the kidneys was laid during the preparation for flowering, can bloom from 2 to 10 months. During this period, watering is doubled, the air temperature must be at least 20-25 degrees.
Orchid care after flowering
First of all, cutting a bloomon to give the opportunity to form a new one. Orchid can be filtered. When ordinary care is going.
Diseases:
- anthracnose - manifests itself with brown stains with points on the leaves - treated with drugs containing copper;
- fusariosis - on the leaves there are rotting stains, this happens due to excess moisture - transferred to a dry room and cease watering;
- rust - Rust stains from the bottom of the leaf-treatment is not amenable to; The plant is destroyed so that others are infected;
- black Rot - Sprouts and leaves die, the reason in too cold room is better to destroy the plant so as not to infect the rest.
Pests:
- aphid - a mixture of milk and water is destroyed in equal proportions;
- soft-fat tick - the affected areas in the form of sockets are cut and sprinkled along the edge of the ashes;
- cobed tick - thoroughly washed with soap all the plant, window and windowsill;
- shield - live in highlights and tubercles, get rid of them with a soap foam;
- tripses - Translucent bugs that live at the bottom of the sheet, the affected places are cut out.
If such methods do not help, then refer to chemicals and processed the plant according to the instructions.
Popular views (varieties)
- Orchid Falenopsis- the view common in bedroom flowering, on sale a lot of hybrids, successfully growing in the house;
- Orchid dendrobium Nobile - There are many varieties, they all bloom in spring, the most popular white orchid, such plants that have pure white color come from Thailand;
- Orchid Cumbrius- artificially derived plant, it blooms for a long time, grows well on the windowsill;
- Orchid Ludiizia-thevention with very beautiful leaves, grows in the room only with very high humidity;
- Orchid Miltonia-thetic grade for breeding, but with very beautiful fragrant flowers, in the form similar to pansies alinkuis;
- Orchid Cymbidium- very large plants, are now brought miniature varieties that are so easy to care that they are offered to novice flowers;
- Orchid Kattleia-Vid with spectacular wax flowers, whose hybrids are successfully growing in the rooms;
- Orchid Vanda - successfully grows in rooms to a meter;
- Oncidium - Flowers resemble butterflies, grows in the house, but with strict observance of the rules of care.
- If there is a large window in the bathroom, then this is an optimal place for orchid.
- Buy orchids are better in spring or summer.
- If the flower gave air roots, they need to spray them.
- After the orchid wonders, it must be rearranged on a new place.
Answers to readers
Each type has its own life expectancy. At home orchids live from 3 to 10 years.
Is it possible to keep this plant at home?
This flower will decorate any home.
Does this flower poow?
This house plant is not poisonous.
Why not blooms orchid?
Preparatory activities were not conducted.
Why yellow (dry) leaves?
The reason is most often in excess of moisture or in its disadvantage.
How does the wintering plant occur?
Wintering in a cool room at an average temperature of 15 to 18 degrees and limited irrigation.
Gardening in Russia is a hobby, which stops with the onset of cold weather. And only the breeding of indoor flowers can be done year-round. One of the most spectacular and popular orchid is. Few plants can be compared with her beauty, elegance of forms and varieties of coloring. But the cultivation of tropical beauty is a rather complicated process for which it should be taken only after a thorough study of the theory.
The easiest way to start the plant is to buy in a specialized store. Today the assortment in them is widely, therefore, it is lighted for no wonder. Native when choosing should not only on the beauty of the flower, but also on a number of other signs.
The health of the roots will depend on the health of orchids. They must be developed, gray or green shade. A growing flower has a bright green root tip. Leafs are dense, without signs of lethargy. If they have sticky raid, white or yellow stains, then the purchase is worth refrain.
To check how healthy the roots, you can simply shake the pot with a plant.
For the cultivation of orchids, ordinary garden land does not use. The soil should consist of a mixture of moss, bark, perlite, sand, corks.
An adult plant capable of multiplying and blossoming will be more expensive. A young sighter has few leaves, and there is still no bloody on it. He will release a flower in just a few years. If there is no desire to wait, then it is better to take an orchid formed.
The necessary conditions
To properly grow orchid, it is necessary to observe a number of mandatory conditions: properly prepare the soil, maintain the light mode, humidity, transplant the flower on time.
Since orchids have a very long stem, the pot must provide her reliable support. The soil consists of a mixture of components holding moisture, wood bark saturated with substrate minerals (vermiculite), land is added literally handful. The soil saves moisture for a long time, supplies the plant with minerals.
The pot must be an elongated form, not too wide, with a large number of holes. It can replace the usual plastic container, which is placed in decorative porridge. But the pot itself is desirable to have a transparent - this will allow to control the degree of moisturity of the soil, follow the development of the roots.
Capacity with the younger seedlings can not be put on the south window! Leaves will receive a sunburn. It is better to move it to the center of the room, put on the table or stand. But on the northern or eastern window orchid can be placed.
Temperature and watering
In natural conditions, the orchid managed to spread throughout the globe and feels great in different climatic zones, right up to the polar circle. But most varieties still come from warm countries: Australia, South America, Malaysia, Brazil. To better raise this gentle flower, you should learn from which climatic zone he comes from.
The optimal temperature is considered to be 18-27 ° C in the day period, at night - up to 24 ° C. Ideally, in the dark, it is necessary to transfer the plant into a cooler room. This will allow him to develop faster. By the way, it perfectly transfers small temperature regimens. Only in case of cooling it is necessary to reduce watering (and on the contrary).
There is an original watering method. The capacity of larger volume is taken, water with fertilizer is poured into it. Then the pot of orchid is immersed there. For 15 min. The soil must have a moisture to drink, after which the plant gets.
- Like many other flowers, orchid badly tolerates straight sunlight, it needs scattered lighting.
- There is no need to pour a pot, it can lead to irreversible consequences - fading. A slightly increase the amount of water during the occurrence of the growth phase. But after flowering and in winter, watering is reduced.
Feelable orchids need constantly - it is better to do this using specially created fertilizers. Dilute and apply them follows according to the instructions. Tight durable leaves, the gray-green color of the roots say that watering is not required yet. But if the container is small, the moisture will evaporate from it faster. Therefore, the frequency of irrigation is determined by the situation.
Reproduction and transplant
If the growth goes correctly, it comes to transplantation. It is often not recommended to conduct it, since it is a stressful situation for a gentle inhabitant pot. After changing the place of residence, the growth can be suspended. But once every 3 years do it necessary, the best time is spring. You will need a secateur, a new primer mixture. The tool should be disinfected to not be infected.
- A pot follows a little in hand - so the rhizomes are easier separated from the walls. They should be cleaned from the old soil.
- After careful inspection, remove insects, damaged areas of the root system, the lower leaves.
- The flower must be dried several hours.
- Before planting orchid into a new pot, it must be treated with an antiseptic. Growth point is left on the surface.
- Tights too tightly not needed - the soil must be air.
Everyone who managed to achieve flowering from a young flower will want to make a few more. In order to grow orchid at home, there are several options.
Some species multiply the only way - side shoots, or bulbs. But the simplest method is division. Therefore, the beginners should choose the grade for which it suits. Width and shifting.
The processes are better to cut those that were closer to the ground - the plants that will appear from them will be stronger. On each separated piece, they leave 2-3 kidneys, no longer needed. Sections need to be treated with a crowned coal. Then the landing material is placed in a wooded boring or moss sphagnum (they must be pre-moistened). Caring for ordinary orchid. The first roots will appear in a month.
The division of the bush is multiplying at home only those specimens that have reached the age of several years and have enough strengthened. It is necessary necessary the presence of air roots, at least three, and better if there are also newly prominents. The sections are processed by crushed coal, then sear in new pots, the soil change. After some time, the flower will go into growth.
Rarely, but some species give extra shoots. Small processes appear slightly away from the main root. Escape is neatly removed after abundant irrigation, rest in a separate container. Grown as usual.
The cultivation of orchids from seeds at home is the task of impossible! Many novice flower trees are taken for it, but to no avail. It is much more reliable to plant cuttings or dividing the already induced plant. These are proven methods that many lovers are successfully used.
Starting only from one flower, you can gradually increase your collection. If the household conditions are favorable, the orchid will bloom for a long time and the reproduction will be successful.
They are divided into several species. Treatment is usually long and not always effective, so it is better to strictly observe all the requirements that the plant grow healthy.
Orchids captivate with their delicate beauty many lovers. Many believe that their cultivation at home is only an experienced gardener, but it is not. If you hold the necessary events in time, following the rules, it will turn out to not only grow orchid and achieve its flowering, but also to propagate the plant.