Parquet chemicals are a group of products used to protect and decorate wood flooring, wall and ceiling coverings. This includes varnishes and paints, primers and putties, stains and tinting, adhesives, antiseptics, solvents and thinners. A large number of store-bought varnishes for wood are in most cases a liquid, ready-to-use mixture. The question arises: is it possible and how to dilute the varnish if it is too viscous?
When thinning the varnish, the main thing is to fulfill the correct proportions.
To give an answer to this question, several factors need to be taken into account. First, we turn our attention to key composition mixtures. Second, choose the required solvent. Third, while mixing, we observe the proportions so as not to reduce the quality of the material. Let's take a closer look at how thickened varnish can be diluted and how to do it according to the rules? Also, what to use to remove the old protective effect from wood and what is the maintenance of the instrument?
Dilute, dilute or dissolve
At first glance, there is no difference. With the help of a special tool, we bring the lacquer substance to the "state of work". A solvent is a liquid that dissolves the dried varnish, bringing it from a solid state to a liquid. We use a thinner if it is necessary to adjust (reduce) the viscosity of paints.
Certain types of organic eluents have two roles, but some can be effective in one task and completely useless in another. So, for example, white spirit can be used to dilute the compositions of polyurethane, alkyd and oil groups. However, if the varnish has dried up, it will not work to dissolve it with white spirit.
White spirit can be used to dilute certain varnishes.
Shellacs, on the other hand, dissolve and dilute in the same way with denatured alcohol. However, we will not go into such subtle details.
If you need advice on how to dilute the varnish or what to use for diluting paints, it is better to consult a specialist.
Polyurethane mixtures
The composition of polyurethane-based varnishes, paints, primers, adhesives and others contains polyurethane - modern polymer material... The set of its parameters surpasses such famous materials as rubber, plastic, rubber, metal. To obtain paint and varnish and adhesive solutions of high strength, in commercial production it (polyurethane) is mixed with special chemicals.
A lot of polyurethane-based and water-based varnishes are made. This chemistry for parquet is environmentally friendly and non-toxic.
If it is necessary to make the substance more liquid, you can use the following as a diluent for polyurethane-based formulations:
- toluene;
- xylene;
- acetone;
- eluents of the R-4, R-5 type.
Acetone - modern remedy for thinning polyurethane varnishes
Alkyd mixtures
Alkyd compounds have good adhesion, moisture resistance, insensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, reliability. They can be used for indoor and outdoor use. Alkyd mixtures contain main element, organic solvents, driers (for faster setting), additives. The key element can be:
- pentaphthalic resin;
- glyphthalic resin with cottonseed oil;
- a mixture of melamine formaldehyde and alkyd resins.
To enhance the parameters of materials, parts of alkyd resins are often included in the composition of multicomponent varnishes, paints, enamels. White spirit is the classic thinner here.
Bituminous mixtures
Bituminous varnish is a mixture of specialized grade bitumen, various resins and oils. After drying, a strong black film will appear on the surface, moisture resistant, insensitive to chemicals. It is considered fairly new in household use material. Belongs to the category of inexpensive. It is more commonly used as an anti-corrosion layer for protection.
For wood surfaces, it is used when it is not necessary to highlight the natural texture of the base (instead of paints). Bituminous material found use in the form decorative coating for the effect of surface aging (patina). Another original characteristic of bituminous mixtures is the cool bonding. The bitumen-based solution is diluted with white spirit.
To prevent it from thickening during storage, the container must be airtight. The storage area should be dark (no direct sunlight), moderate temperature and humidity.
Bituminous varnish very reliably protects the surface from the manifestation of moisture and the effects of chemistry, diluted with white spirit
Yacht varnishes
Yacht (or yacht) varnish is considered one of the most effective means of protecting the surface of natural wood... Already from the name it is clear the specifics of the area where it is used. In addition, the yacht crew is perfect for woodworking outside and inside any objects (not only boats, boats, yachts). It is insensitive to moisture, temperatures, and aggressive environments.
Yacht varnish. Important characteristics:
- a high degree of protection of wood structures;
- physical and mechanical immunity to environmental influences;
- durability, increase in the service life of wood.
To achieve such results, toxic chemical elements (toluene, xylene) are used during the manufacture of the material. Several production technologies are distinguished:
- alkyd yacht (based on organic solvent white spirit);
- urethane-alkyd yacht (eluent is the same, but in smaller quantities);
- alkyd-urethane yacht (solvent additives have strong volatility);
- acrylates (water-based formulations).
Dilutes yacht varnish with white spirit, no more than 5% of the total volume. The solvent acts on the substance only when it is fresh. After drying, the lacquered parquet flooring will become impervious.
Varnish for yachts, boats, boats has a high resistance to wear and is also diluted with white spirit
How to remove dried varnish
Above, for the most part, are ways to make the consistency better if the varnish has thickened. And what needs to be done to remove varnishes and paints from painting tools? Can synthetic based material be removed from wood after application?
It is simply impossible to remove obsolete furniture or parquet varnish from the surface of the wood. In most cases, where feasible, sanding or sanding is used. For non-mechanical removal, the type of solvent is selected personally. Takes into account the key composition and Chemical properties varnishing.
The easiest method for removing the already unsuitable parquet flooring with a protective effect - the use of a specialized wash. The substance is a chemical mixture. You can use liquid, gel or powder. With the simplest species paints and varnishes copes with acetone. Denatured alcohol is more suitable for removing shellac.
First, a liquid, gel or powder is applied to varnish surface... Then you need to wait for the softening of the film. To speed up the process, it is recommended to cover the finished surface with polymeric ethylene. After a lapse of time (from 40 minutes to 4 hours), the obsolete varnish will begin to swell and darken. What to do next?
It is more convenient to use a spatula to remove softened varnish. It is necessary to work carefully so as not to damage the wood surface. What to do if the old protection coating is not completely removed from the first time? If necessary, finishing can be repeated.
To remove the remains of the substance from painting tools, the following are used:
- Water-based parquet varnish is washed off with a warm soapy water solution;
- White spirit, kerosene, turpentine are suitable for many organic solvent-based paints and varnishes. The remains of the substances are perfectly rinsed out, then the instrument is washed with some kind of home chemistry and rinsed thoroughly in water.
When choosing the type of eluent for diluting paint and varnish mixtures, the main thing is to carefully study the composition, and also use the manufacturer's advice indicated on the package.
You need to remember about personal protective equipment, especially if you have to work with strong-smelling, quick-drying compounds. Airing the room during and after work will protect you from toxic fumes. It is necessary to save these materials further from children.
To protect surfaces from negative influences, including atmospheric ones, polyurethane enamel is actively used today, which is offered for sale in wide range... This mixture is a variety of polymers with protective properties... If we compare this composition with other paints, then no other option can compare with polyurethane enamel. Quite often, this composition is used as a protective coating, since the film has a high margin of safety.
Classification of polyurethane enamels
Polyurethane mixtures are classified according to the material to be coated, as well as the type of application and composition. You can use a brush or a special aerosol spray for application. The area of application of polyurethane enamel is wide enough, different types can be applied to stone, wood or metal. Before using the polyurethane mixture, the wood does not need to be primed, it should only be well dried.
Specifications
One-component is a composition that is made from polyurethane, pigment and solvent. Among the main characteristics of this mixture should be highlighted:
- wear resistance;
- elasticity;
- harmless after solvent evaporation;
- chemical stability.
Polyurethane compounds adhere perfectly to the most difficult surfaces.
Varieties of polyurethane enamels
Polyurethane enamel can be water-dispersible. Among the advantages are harmlessness at the staining stage and the possibility of dilution plain water... It is not recommended to paint hydrophobic surfaces with such enamels. This should include concrete, stainless steel and plastic.
Polyurethane is represented by a unique chemical modification that allows the formulation to be stored as an aqueous non-hardening dispersion. This results in a durable, wear-resistant coating. If it is necessary to paint the floor in production area it is recommended to give preference to a composition with organic solvents.
Polyurethane enamel on organic solvents
The polyurethane enamel can be based on, for example, xylene or toluene. For dilution, it is better to use numbered solvents recommended by the manufacturer. After gaining strength, which takes two days, such a coating acquires qualities that are called the main advantages: wear resistance, water resistance, resistance to aggressive environments.
They are also alkyd-urethane, they are used to create an elastic and durable coating that slowly hardens, and also has a moderate odor when dyed. The price for such mixtures is significantly lower in comparison with one-component urethane enamels.
Description of two-component polyurethane enamels
Enamel consists of hardener and enamel, the first of which is added before use. The mixture remains viable for 3 hours and drying takes 6 hours. Price of this material high, as well as the strength of the coating. Such polyurethane enamel for metal can be used for metal structures that will be loaded in production conditions and operated in hot workshops with an aggressive atmosphere.
Upper limit working temperature this mixture is +80 ° С and can reach 100 ° С. If there is a need to cover a structure that will be operated in fire hazardous conditions, then special formulations should be purchased. For example, paint for metal "Polisteel", when exposed to temperature, will form carbon foam, which reliably insulates and resists flame for up to 1.5 hours.
Application of polyurethane enamel "Elakor-PU"
If you need to pay attention to "Elakor-PU", the cost of which per kilogram is 275 rubles. This composition should be applied under certain conditions, which are expressed in the absence of capillary rise of water from below. It is also important to have a waterproofing base. The residual moisture content of the surface should not be more than 5%. Before applying the composition, the surface gets rid of oily areas. If it comes O concrete base, then it should be sanded with a special machine to remove residues old paint, pollution and cement laitance.
Before using polyurethane enamel for concrete, the surface must be dust-free with an industrial vacuum cleaner, and then covered with a primer from the same manufacturer. The mixture is well mixed before use, and it must be applied with a polyamide roller in 4 layers. Minimal amount layers is 2, the final number will depend on the problem being pursued. It is necessary to wait about 4-8 hours between layers.
Application of enamel for concrete "Elakor-PU Enamel-60"
This enamel is a one-component color, moisture-curing semi-gloss mixture, the main advantage of which is the ability to apply at low temperatures. After polymerization, a wear-resistant hard plastic polymer is formed on the surface, which will be chemically resistant.
Preparation consists in cleaning and priming the surface, which is then covered with enamel at a temperature of -30 to +25 ° C. The temperature of the material itself can vary from +10 to +25 ° С. It is also important to take into account the relative humidity of the air, it should not exceed 80%. Before application, the composition is mixed until uniform in color and consistency. To do this, you can use a paint mixer, which is set at speeds ranging from 400 to 600 per minute.
For work, you can use rollers or brushes that are resistant to solvents. Airless spray technology can be applied. One layer, the area of which is square meter, it will take about 150 g of enamel. The end result will depend on the smoothness of the surface. Layer drying lasts the same amount of time as in the above embodiment.
Conclusion
If you decide to use a two-component polyurethane compound, you must take into account that it is not applied to damp surfaces. This requirement is due to the fact that the hardener will react with the liquid to release carbon dioxide, which promotes foaming of the surface.
Polyurethane paint is great for protecting surfaces, be they wood, concrete or metal, from impact environment... Such formulations are built from various polymers. They are characterized by a high degree of protection against negative influences, which other types of paints cannot boast of. Polyurethane options often become exactly protective coatings for various products.
Polyurethane enamels are used for external work. This makes it possible to increase the stability of the structure of some rocks, if initially it cannot boast of stability. Lacquer coats the stone with fine protective film, because moisture does not penetrate inside.
The place of application of polyurethane paints is also different. The exterior walls of the house can be used with conventional formulations. Two-component options are needed for those who seek to create unusual effects.
After drying, the surface takes on an unusual glossy shade. Chips and sharp drops geometric parameters in this case become invalid. The solvent is used if desired. There are also compounds that create a matte finish. It turns out a very interesting effect, its receipt does not affect the solvent.
When applying such a coloring composition, it is necessary to adhere to a temperature of -10 to +30 degrees. You don't have to think about air humidity. Polyurethane concrete enamel is easy to apply, even if the moisture content reaches 95 percent. The polyurethane coating itself can withstand temperatures from -40 to +150 degrees.
The surface to be painted must be primed first, otherwise it will be impossible to ensure the adhesion of the paint at the proper level.
Application methods
Polyurethane compounds are divided into groups both in their composition and in the materials requiring processing. The type of application can be:
- aerosol;
- using a brush or roller.
Aerosol spraying is most often used when processing metal products. Polyurethane paint for cars gives an even coating without streaks and smudges. It is also an excellent alternative to conventional balloon formulations due to its safety factor.
Polyurethane concrete floor paint is evenly spread using a roller. It turns out smooth and even coverage... And here polyurethane paints on wood it is better to apply with a brush.
What surfaces can be painted?
The materials that require processing are also different. Polyurethane paints are suitable for wood, metal and stone. It is these surfaces that most often require additional protection from external factors. The main thing to remember is the need to carry out a primer. This is especially true for metal surfaces. But sometimes this rule applies to floor paint on concrete.
And the tree requires high-quality drying. In this case, you can do without a primer. Moreover, the material itself is capable of absorbing any formulations that are applied to it. Therefore, it is required to use several layers, one is not enough.
Polyurethane enamels are fully compatible with the stone, adhere well to such a surface. Therefore, a primer is not required in this case.
Sometimes buyers simply do not have time to level the layer of the dye composition with maximum accuracy, or there is no desire to do such a job. Then it is easier to use a paint that levels itself.
Immediately after the application of such a material, a so-called tension appears on the surface. It doesn't matter if a roller or other device was used during the application. Thanks to the tension, the paint spreads easily, and all irregularities disappear.
In the video: polyurethane coating of the concrete floor.
Types of polyurethane paints
There are several types of polyurethane paints on the market. Complex polymers are used for their manufacture, including those with high quality polyurethane. There are also several brands, usually they are on everyone's lips. Therefore, it is difficult to make a mistake with the choice. The solvent is often included in the kit initially.
Based on organic solvents
This is a common type of colorant, but polyurethane is the main modifier. These materials are one-component. But a couple more components are added to the polyurethane: a coloring pigment, a solvent (aka a thinner). The latter is played by xylene or toluene. Under the influence of atmospheric moisture, processes such as hardening and polymerization occur. Moisture itself reacts with the components that make up the paint.
If the air in the room is too dry, then the composition does not set. For drying polyurethane surfaces, it is generally forbidden to use air with too much high temperature... The higher the humidity level, the longer it will take to dry.
Strength after application of the paint is recruited at least 48 hours later. Only then does the coating become completely waterproof. In addition, properties such as resistance to aggressive environments and wear resistance appear. This also differs paint on concrete.
Water-dispersive compositions
These materials are also considered one-component, but ordinary water takes the place of a solvent for polyurethane compositions. When painted, these paints are harmless. There is no poisonous or simply unpleasant smell. In an aqueous medium, other elements of the material are distributed evenly, after which a so-called stable dispersion is formed.
When the water evaporates, the constituent parts seem to stick together. After that, they are finally united into a single whole. The result is a transparent thin film that is endowed with both protective and decorative properties... The dissolving component does not affect them.
The presence of water in the composition makes the paint freeze easily at low temperatures. If the paint is thawed, it will be able to perform its functions, but specifications decrease markedly.
This variant of polyurethane paints is perfect for rooms where the humidity level is constantly high. If you need to cover stucco or skirting boards, then water-dispersion compositions are also suitable. They differ high level elasticity, do not crack even after bending at decorative parts.
Alkyd-urethane options
This group includes polyurethane enamel for metal, car paint is no exception. These types of materials consist of the following components:
- pigments;
- solvent;
- driers that speed up drying;
- alkyd urethane varnish.
Other components are included that contribute to the improvement of certain characteristics. No metal enamel is complete without adding them.
Polyurethane paint allows you to create a special film on the surface with enhanced protective and decorative properties. The degree of gloss together with the texture is determined only by the buyer, depending on preferences in a particular case. The material is suitable for both indoor and outdoor use.
This type of paint is resistant to temperatures ranging from -50 to +50 degrees.
Of the others positive qualities can be distinguished:
- abrasion resistance;
- easy application with a roller;
- drying, which takes only a couple of hours;
- anti-corrosion protection if a metal surface is being processed.
Features of two-component paints
Most often, polyurethane compounds are sold in two separate containers. One contains a hardener and the other contains a resin. This can also be used for concrete paint. This separation of components has its advantages:
- The ability to obtain a durable, wear-resistant coating. Performance is much better than standard formulations.
- Moisture does not affect processes like curing and polymerization.
- It is easy to prepare the solution for one time, in the required amount... With further use, the remaining part of its qualities does not lose.
A material such as acrylic paint is great for surfaces that are constantly exposed to negative impact environment. Present additional protection from any acids along with solvents and alkalis. Sea and running water will also not be terrible for the composition. A construction mixer is used to mix the two paint components.
Polyurethane paint application options (2 videos)
Various products (26 photos)
The magazine is what I received a long time ago (at the exhibition), but I was going to scan and post my article only today :).
Top coat varnishes. How to protect your work?
LuckyAre film-forming solutions of synthetic or natural resins (or polymers) in organic solvents or water.
Topcoats are used for final processing and protection of works. Covering varnishes are for painting (artistic), for decorative and applied products, construction, as well as special and universal. The varnish film not only protects the work from environmental influences, dust, dirt and mechanical damage, but also increases the lightfastness of paints, enhances their depth and sound.
Now in stores you can find a wide variety of topcoats, both universal and special effects. Initially, varnishes came to us from ancient China where exclusively natural resin of a special "lacquered" tree was used for their production. Nowadays, varnishes are produced both from natural resins and mastics and from artificial ones. The bases for dissolving these resins also differ, according to which varnishes are most often classified into oil, aquatic and alcohol.
According to the degree of gloss, varnishes are matte(absolutely no shine), silky matte(moderate gloss) and glossy(high gloss).
Consider topcoats universal purpose suitable for arts and crafts, interior items and furniture.
Alkyd varnishes- the most common synthetic varnishes based on organic solvents. The film of alkyd varnish is hard, transparent, has good adhesion (adhesion) to different surfaces and water resistance. Alkyd varnishes are used for both indoor and outdoor use (sold mainly in building stores). For covering, 2-3 layers of varnish are enough, and due to the low drying speed, the varnish film is well smoothed on the surface. These varnishes turn yellow over time, or with a large number of layers, which is especially important to consider for white surfaces. Such varnishes are usually diluted with turpentine, and tools are washed with it. Hence, another obvious drawback is a strong smell, both when working with varnish and when washing tools.
Acrylic varnishes -a large group of modern varnishes, which consist of acrylic or vinyl resin, usually on water based but there are also organic solvent based ones. ( Big choice of such varnishes both in art and in hardware stores).
Acrylic varnishes on water based have a number of advantages over solvent-based varnishes, because practically do not smell, dry quickly, diluted with water, and, accordingly, tools are washed with water. In terms of dry wear resistance, water-based varnishes are not inferior to alkyd ones. Among the shortcomings, it can be noted that acrylic aquatic varnishes are less resistant to wet exposure and are applied in a thinner layer, which sometimes leads to an overall increase in the number of varnish coats. Also, due to the rapid initial setting of the varnish film, brush marks and irregularities can often remain on it during application, in order to avoid this, it is necessary to monitor the consistency of the varnish, and thin it a little with water when thickening. When applied, the varnish has a white milky color, but after drying it becomes completely transparent and does not turn yellow over time! It is also worth noting that some acrylic varnishes retain some stickiness to the touch for quite a long time after drying. Although we must not forget that acrylic lacquer sets quickly, and the top film seems dry to the touch, but complete drying, and the acquisition of film stability occurs only after a few days (as in the case of alkyd varnishes)!
Acrylic varnishes based on organic solvents have a thicker consistency, lie in a thicker, but well-leveling layer. These varnishes have high both dry and wet wear resistance, do not turn yellow, but have a strong odor, because diluted with turpentine or other universal solvents.
Acrylic varnishes on different bases are widely represented in art stores by companies such as Marabu, Hobby- Line, Ferrario, Rayheretc.
Polyurethane varnishes. There are as well as acrylic based on organic solvents or oils and water based. They have practically the same properties as the acrylic varnishes described above, but they are characterized by increased resistance and durability.
Polyurethane varnishes on organic solvents and oils diluted with turpentine, and quickly turn yellow, but they give a very high-quality smooth wear-resistant coating.
Water-based polyurethane varnishes combine the advantages of water-based acrylic varnishes, i.e. environmentally friendly and non-yellowing and synthetic on resins (high resistance). But in order to obtain an even film, it is again necessary to monitor the consistency of the varnish.
Alcohol varnishesobtained by dissolving some natural resins in wine or wood alcohol. Sherlac (or shellac), sandarak and mastic are most commonly used. These varnishes give a good finish. mechanical strength and adhesion (adhesion, bonding) to various surfaces, high gloss. The coatings are well polished, but have a low water resistance. Alcohol varnishes also protect gilding well and the leaf from oxidation dries quickly, but with a single coating they give very thin layer so when using shellac like topcoat several layers should be applied in succession. Shellac it happens varying degrees yellowness, in accordance with the degree of purification. Tools are washed in alcohol. From an Italian company FerrarioShellac is presented in various degrees of purification.
Glassy varnish. It is a water-based varnish that has a completely transparent appearance after drying and has a high glossy shine, giving an elastic, flexible, smooth finish. It dries quite quickly, but you can speed up the drying process with the hot air of a hair dryer. Can also be oven dried at t80 C, in this case the varnish acquires special scratch resistance. But it must be borne in mind that this varnish has poor adhesion with other types of varnishes, i.e. does not apply as a top layer to another varnish (rolls off when applied or may crack after drying). The company has such a varnish FerrarioandMaimeri.
We have considered only one-component varnishes. However, it is worth mentioning the special two-component varnishes which give a particularly smooth mirror surface... For example, varnish Glasur 2KfromMarabu.
So, to summarize. If we want to cover a light object or a product where white colors prevail, it is better to choose a water-based varnish (acrylic or polyurethane) the right degree shine (an exception, maybe a situation where yellowness on the contrary is only on hand to give an aged vintage look). If at the same time the thing is supposed to be used on the street or in humid room, or it will need to be wiped frequently damp cloth Consider using organic solvent-based acrylic varnish. If the product is dominated by bright or dark colors then you can safely use an alkyd or polyurethane varnish based on organic solvents. Of course, for a thing that presupposes active use it is better to choose a polyurethane varnish based on organic solvents (or water-based, but then more than 3 layers should be applied). By the way, in decorative work, you can use varnishes not only from art stores, but also varnishes for repair and finishing work (parquet, furniture). Such varnishes as Poly-R (Germany), Kiva and Yassya from Tikkurila have proven themselves well.
Varnish coating rules. All varnishes are applied on a dry surface, free from dust, grease and dirt. If an intermediate layer of varnish was used in the work, you must wait for it to dry completely and sand it with sandpaper. The first coat of varnish, especially with organic solvents, should be applied diluted up to 30%. Then the product receives more durable protection and the varnish does not lose its plasticity. For varnishes based on organic solvents, 2-3 layers are enough for coating, and for water varnishes such layers may need from 3-5 to a dozen (depending on the desired result). Varnishes are applied with a wide brush or flute, and for large surfaces, you can use a flock roller. Dry each layer of varnish well, for sanding use a fine-grained sandpaper or steel fiber.
Decorator Natalya Zhukova.
The areas of application for solvents and thinners are extensive. While doing renovation works we inevitably deal with solvents for varnish, enamel, paints. In construction, they use solvents for rust, concrete, liquid glass, liquid nails, polyurethane foam and other materials. Solvents are constantly used by artists, and in everyday life they help us to remove complex dirt. Our article will help you understand this big topic so that you can quickly answer the question: which solvent is best to use in each specific case.
Thinner and thinner: what's the difference?
The terms "solvent" and "diluent" are often used interchangeably. However, there is an important difference between the two. If we speak simple language, the solvent interacts directly with the film-forming (curing) component.
For example, gasoline is a popular solvent for oil paints... It dissolves the binder, so it can dilute the paint for application and can remove dried paint stains at the same time.
The thinner does not dissolve the substances that form the film, but can only reduce the viscosity of the composition. For example, water dilutes water-based paint well, but it cannot wash off dried paint.
Types of solvents
For convenience, we will divide all solvents into the following groups:
- Solvents for paints and varnishes(paints, enamels, varnishes), as well as adhesives and primers
- Solvents building materials (solvents for bitumen, concrete, foam, rubber, rust, etc.)
- Household solvents(stains from oil, grease, scotch tape, etc.)
- Artistic solvents
Solvents for paints and varnishes
Almost all solvents for varnishes, paints and enamels are volatile organic compounds with a low boiling point. These properties ensure fast drying of the formulations after application.
Solvents are:
- homogeneous - based on one substance or a mixture of homogeneous substances (for example, toluene);
- combined - based on several homogeneous solvents in a certain proportion (for example, P-4 = toluene + acetone + butyl acetate).
As a rule, the combined differ more high efficiency and targeted action.
With the help of our table, you can easily understand which solvents are used for which paints.
Purpose of solvents
|
Solvent |
Type of paintwork |
|
Homogeneous solvents |
|
|
Thinner (more precisely, thinner) acrylic paint, water-based paint and other water-based paints and nibble |
|
|
Thinner for oil and bitumen paints, varnishes, enamels |
|
|
Turpentine |
Thinner for oil and alkyd-styrene paints |
|
White Spirit |
Solvent oil and alkyd paints and enamels (including PF-115, PF-133, PF-266), bituminous mastics, varnish GF-166, primer GF-021 |
|
Solvent (petroleum) |
Thinner for glyphthalic and bituminous varnishes and paints (including melamine alkyd). |
|
Xylene (petroleum) |
Thinner for glyphtal and bitumen varnishes and paints, epoxy resin. |
|
Solvent of perchlorovinyl paints |
|
|
Combined (numbered) solvents |
|
|
Solvent 645 |
Nitrocellulose Solvent |
|
Solvent 646 |
Universal solvent for nitro paints, nitro enamels, general purpose nitro varnishes, also epoxy, acrylic, solvent |
|
Solvent 647 |
Thinner of nitro enamels, nitro varnishes for cars |
|
Solvent 649 |
Solvent NTs-132k; GF-570Rk |
|
Solvent 650 |
Car enamel solvent NTs-11; GF-570Rk |
|
Solvent 651 |
Oil solvent |
|
Solvent R-4 |
Polyacrylate, perchlorovinyl, paintwork materials with copolymers of vinyl chloride with vinylidene chloride or vinyl acetate |
|
Solvent R-5 |
PVC, polyacrylate, epoxy |
|
Solvent R-6 |
Melamine-formaldehyde, rubber, polyvinyl-butyral |
|
Solvent R-7 |
Dilution of varnish VL-51 |
|
Solvent R-11 |
Perchlorovinyl, polyacrylate |
|
Solvent R-14 |
Epoxy enamels cured with isocene hardeners |
|
Solvent R-24 |
Perchlorovinyl |
|
Solvent R-40 |
Epoxy |
|
Solvent R-60 |
Cresol-formaldehyde, polyvinyl butyral |
|
Solvent R-83 |
Epoxy ester |
|
Solvent R-189 |
Solvent for polyurethane varnish |
|
Solvent R-219 |
Polyester resin solvent |
|
Solvent R-1176 |
Thinner for polyurethane paints and enamels |
|
Solvent RL-176 |
Polyacrylate, polyurethane |
|
Solvent RL-277 |
Polyurethane |
Other beneficial features these solvents:
- surface cleaning and degreasing;
- removal of paintwork materials from brushes, rollers, spatulas and other tools.
Video on how to wash the spray gun with a solvent
Paint strippers: fresh and old
If, during the work, the paint stains were not where they were needed (they stained the furniture, floor, glass), it can be removed with the solvents indicated in the table. True, for delicate surfaces (wood, laminate, plexiglass), you should not use combined compositions such as R-646. It is better to use homogeneous ones and be sure to first check their effect on an inconspicuous area.
Special solvents are available for removing old paints from large areas... They will help remove paint from the walls, with metal products etc.
Building material solvents
Removal of cured mortars is often difficult. Manufacturers have done everything to make bitumen, concrete, polyurethane foam, etc. as resistant to chemical attack as possible. What solvents will help in this case.
Thinner for concrete, cement, grout- a mixture of concentrated acid, metal protectors and inhibitors.
Liquid glass solvent - can be washed off tools warm water immediately after application. Cured can be removed with organic solvents
Foam solvent - fresh foam can be easily removed with ethyl acetate or solvents based on it (for example, R-645, 647). A solvent for cured polyurethane foam can be considered folk remedy"Dimexid" (sold in pharmacies). Also "Dimexid" is excellent super glue solvent.
Liquid nail solvent- uncured ones are removed by solvents on mineral base or water. Caked ones can be removed mechanically or by heating with a hair dryer to temperatures above 50 ° C
Rust remover- special compositions based on phosphoric acid, tannin, hydroxycarboxylic polybasic acids.
Silicone solvent ( silicone sealant, glue)- along with special compounds from manufacturers of sealants and glue, you can use acetic acid or white spirit.
Polymer solvents:
— Pvc- tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone for several days;
— polyethylene- xylene, benzene when heated;
— polyurethane foam- can be removed only with fresh special solvents from manufacturers.
Rubber and rubber solvent - toluene and other organic solvents are suitable to remove the substance (rubber dissolves, rubber swells and collapses)
Solvent bituminous mastic - toluene, solvent, gasoline, white spirit
Styrofoam solvent - acetone, solvent R-650
Solvent for paraffin and wax- kerosene, white spirit, gasoline, acetone.
In the next article, we will tell you about the small household solvents and solvents used by artists.