Saws are used in all areas of industry, as well as in everyday life. The choice depends on the complexity and scope of work.
How to choose a saw
When choosing any type of saw, the following characteristics should be considered:
- engine power (both for electric and gasoline saws), it depends on how efficiently the tool will cope with the loads;
- speed of rotation of the cutting disk for circular saws;
- a mechanism for maintaining a constant rotation speed under load;
- for chain saws, an important characteristic will be the length of the tire (the size of the workpiece to be processed depends on it);
- operating time with a fully charged battery for cordless saws (the higher the battery voltage, the longer the tool will run with the same capacity);
- tool weight (the most powerful saws have more weight, but it is impossible to work with a heavy saw for a long time);
- protective mechanisms (increase the safety of work);
- manufacturer (famous brands are much more expensive, but they are of high quality and reliability);
- additional functions (laser pointer, sawdust extractor, soft start of the electric motor);
- how convenient it is to make adjustments to the tool (the more different adjustments, the more functionality the tool has);
- depth of cut and the possibility of immersion (for circular saws);
- ease of use (for hand tools);
- the required voltage for electric saws (220 W for household and 380 W for some industrial devices).
When choosing a tool, do not pay attention to:
- No spare discs for circular saws or chains for chainsaws in the tool kit. These materials are consumables and can be purchased separately.
- The length of the electric cord for an electric tool, if other characteristics are completely satisfied.
- Unsightly appearance (the tool will work, and not show off at the exhibition).
- The absence of tires in the set with plunge-cut saws, since it is easy to pick them up on your own.
In the case when you need to cut one or two bars, you can use the manual one. But if you need to perform a large number of cuts, then you should use a cordless saw.
The use of pre-charged batteries will allow you to extend the time, and the absence of unnecessary wires will ensure the comfort of work.
To benefits relate:
- simple maintenance;
- low noise;
- high maneuverability;
cons are:
- high cost in comparison with the network tool;
- gradual decrease in battery life during operation;
- reduced operating time at low temperatures.
Depending on the requirements, it is possible to purchase:
- a professional tool capable of cutting boards of any size;
- compact, designed for cutting small bars, chipboard sheets.
Chainsaws are divided into professional and household. The first ones are designed for constant large and long-term loads, for example, felling trees and sawing logs of large diameters. Household are not adapted for serious work.
To positive qualities gasoline saws include independence from the source of electric current, so you can use them both in nature and recreation, and in your household.
To shortcomings relate:
- the need to prepare a gasoline mixture;
- harmful emissions;
- price;
- maintenance is more complicated than similar electric models;
- coarser cut than circular saws.
- Husqvarna 365 is the leader among professional chainsaws. Technical characteristics, reliability and ease of use ensured a leading position in the ranking.
The maximum bar length of 75 cm with an engine power of 3400 W allows you to cut almost any log without jamming.
- Stihl MS 260 refers to semi-professional models and can compete in terms of performance with professional models, despite its lower weight and power.
Like household saws, it is best used for sawing small logs for firewood, construction work. The motor power (2400 W) and the bar length (40 cm) will allow you to cut logs of large diameters, but you should not constantly use it for this.
- Household gasoline saw Makita EA3203S-40 suitable for small-scale work in the country, for repairs.
If necessary, you can even prepare firewood, but you should not forget that the 1350 W motor is not designed for constant loads.
Circular saws are conditionally divided into professional ones, which are able to dissolve even oak boards, and household ones, which are not recommended to be overloaded. The cutting accuracy of this tool is much higher than that of chain saws.
They are used both cordless (they do not differ in high power and are not able to work for a long time without charging the battery), and saws powered by an electrical network.
The main advantage is considered to be a clean and even cut in the longitudinal cutting of boards and timber.
When using circular saws, it is impossible to cut along a curved line, this is one of the disadvantages.
It is worth highlighting three models that are leaders in their classes:
- Of the budget semi-professional models, the most functional Bosch PKS. Its advantages include high rotation speed (4500 rpm), spindle lock, the presence of a tap for connecting a vacuum cleaner, and reliability.
However, there are also disadvantages inherent in most budget models: a weak engine (600 W), one rotation speed and a small diameter of the cutting disc (130 mm).
For home use, this model is the best choice for a relatively low price.
- Makita SP6000 Set recommended for people who constantly work with sawing boards, sheet materials.
Soft start system, enhanced user protection from the impact of the cutting disc, 1300 W power, adjustable engine speed (up to 5200 rpm), vacuum cleaner connection and electronic engine protection are the advantages of this model.
There are no drawbacks, except for the price, but a professional tool is always more expensive than a household one, so if you use it often, you should purchase this model.
- You can save money by purchasing a saw from a less well-known Russian manufacturer. ELITECH PD 1255P 14 should be used for sawing wooden blanks at an angle, sheet materials, including aluminum.
Refers to plunge saws, so with its help you can cut into the countertop, cut out a rotten section of the floor or make grooves in the right places.
Impressive technical features to compete with more famous brands: 1200 W, 5500 rpm, cutting depth adjustment, connection to a vacuum cleaner and user protection.
High noise and the lack of a laser pointer are among the minuses.
Conventionally, electric chain saws are divided into professional, semi-professional and household. Professional equipment is used in industry, due to the high price it is rarely purchased for housework and gardening.
For construction, housework, requiring frequent use without heavy loads, semi-professional equipment is used. Household will allow you to cut firewood, saw boards, timber, even foam concrete.
It depends on the right choice of tool how comfortable it is to work and whether it will cope with the tasks.
This tool competes with gasoline saws, thanks to a number of benefits In front of them:
- the noise level is lower than that of gasoline analogues;
- lack of exhaust gases;
- maintenance of the engine is not required during operation;
- no fuel mixture required;
- light weight;
- the price, compared to gasoline saws with similar characteristics, is lower.
In addition to positive qualities, there are negative:
- short battery life;
- the presence of a cord requires extra care when working.
- Makita UC4030A is a representative of a professional tool, with a power of 2 kW with a tire length of 40 cm. Powered only from the mains.
It stands out for its light weight, easy chain tension adjustment, high quality build and low price with good performance.
Soft start, user protection, chain brake ensure safe operation.
- From semi-professional models stands out Bosch AKE 30S. 1800 W motor, 3.6 kg weight and 30 cm bar length provide maneuverability and allow you to cut with one hand.
The SDS system facilitates chain tension.
- The best combination of price / quality has Interskol PC-16/2000TN.
Engine power 2,000 W, tire length 40 cm, weight 6 kg.
Unlike other brands, it does not stand out for quiet operation, engine power, but low price, high performance, the presence of protective devices and slightly worse workmanship determined its place in the market.
The tool is designed for cutting holes of large diameters in concrete walls, wood, stainless steel and other materials. All hole saws are designed with a pilot drill that allows you to accurately drill the center.
Collapsible models are available that allow the use of saws of several diameters on one guide, and non-collapsible models.
When choosing a tool, it is important to consider the nature of the work.
If you need a large number of holes of various diameters, then you should give preference to a collapsible tool.
In the case when you need to make many holes of the same diameter, it is cheaper to purchase a non-separable hole saw.
Be sure to know exactly what material to work with, as a saw designed for concrete is not suitable for drilling metal or wood.
Large holes are required when laying pipes, installing electrical, making furniture.
When using another tool, it is difficult to get even edges, so hole saws are widely used both in industry and in everyday life.
There are many kits for professionals that provide the desired result when working with various materials:
- Bimetal kits IRVIN Made from a combination of two metals. For the manufacture of the cutting part, high-alloy tool steel was used, which ensures durability and reliability.
Designed for cutting holes in steel, aluminum and zinc blanks.
- For work on wood, plastic and chipboard, you should purchase a set of the brand KRAFTOOL. Kits come in a variety of configurations, so choosing the right one is not difficult.
- Concrete professional kits of the highest quality and durability are available BAHCO. It is recommended to people who are constantly employed in the works on laying communications.
Band saws are designed for processing wood, chipboard sheets, plastic, metal.
Unlike circular and chain saws, they allow you to make curved cuts, which expands the scope. The working tool (saw) is annular, with a jagged edge on one side.
Structurally band saws differ:
- along the width of the canvas;
- by composition (the blade can be homogeneous or consist of hardened teeth and a soft body).
Band saws are divided into:
- professional (stationary) models designed for large volumes of work;
- semi-professional (desktop), which are used for small industries;
- household (manual) intended for use without excessive loads.
In addition, depending on the scope of use, there are:
- vertical band saws (the plane of the cutting tool is perpendicular to the table), which have become widespread in woodworking;
- horizontal are used for cutting the largest workpieces, logs of any rigidity;
- manual.
Compared to any other types of saws, band saw equipment has the following benefits:
- the resulting cut does not require further processing;
- the width of the resulting cut is less than that of chain and circular saws, which saves material;
- workpiece dimensions and processing speed are higher than other types of saws;
- operator safety, ensured by the fact that it is not required to hold the tool in hand;
- slices of workpieces can be made oblique, straight, curly, at a given angle;
- professional models are fully automated, which ensures the feeding and cutting of the workpiece without the help of an operator.
The disadvantages of band saws include:
- it is impossible to operate outside the source of electric current;
- the need for periodic removal of the cutting blade to relieve fatigue stress and sharpening.
- A professional tool suitable for small workshops is WoodTec LS With a machine power of 2.2 kW, it can handle workpieces with a height of 280 mm, allowing cuts of 0.7 mm to a width of up to 460 mm.
In addition, this machine works with angular and figured cuts. There is a branch for sawdust, convenient saw tension, adjustable speed. Angle cuts are carried out by tilting the desktop at an angle of up to 45 degrees.
- A band saw is made of the highest quality household tool Makita 2107FW.
Power 710 W, cutting width and height 210 mm, weight 5.7 kg, a set of additional functions allow it to be used for sawing both sheet materials and timber, boards, plastic of appropriate sizes.
- A functional semi-professional tool is Gongyou Group MJ.
Motor power of 7.5 kW, automatic feed, cutting height of 200 mm, working width of 500 mm, quick adjustment to another size and feed rate provided the machine with positive recommendations.
For home use, in addition to hand-held circular saws, desktop circular machines are used. They are designed to obtain an even cut along the entire length of the workpiece.
Unlike manual circular saws, when cutting, the tool does not move, all actions are performed by the workpiece.
Compared to handheld or stationary power tools, table saws have the following benefits:
- safer to use;
- perform cuts more accurately;
- equipped with a bed that provides the run of the material along the entire length;
- the depth of cut is regulated by means of a subject table;
- Compared to stationary machines, transportation is much easier.
Disadvantages:
- figured cutout is not provided due to design features;
- dependence on electric current sources.
- Bosch PTS 10 wins in terms of functionality. Sawing up to 75 mm, speed 5000 rpm, the presence of guides and the ability to cut at a given angle will allow you to enjoy the work of the machine.
- ELITECH SR 1221 far out of the price range. It has a full set of functions of branded machines. The small diameter of the disc, which does not allow sawing workpieces more than 45 mm thick, limits the application.
- BOSCH GTS 10 XC Professional equipped with all possible basic and additional functions, application in industry is possible. Of the minuses, only the price.
The main difference from circular saws is the presence of a mechanism that allows you to adjust the immersion of the cutting disc into the material.
To choose the right plunge-cut saw, the following characteristics should be evaluated:
- ease of use (to determine it is enough to hold the tool in your hands);
- electric motor power;
- revolutions and the presence of their adjustment;
- the complexity of the setting (the easier the immersion depth is set, the faster the work will be done);
- the presence of a soft start system;
- range of cutting disc diameters;
- working weight.
Advantages plunge saws:
- the accuracy of material processing is higher than that of other types;
- the possibility of making internal cuts and cutouts.
Main shortcomings are:
- high, in comparison with other types of hand tools, price range;
- complexity of processing parts.
- Makita SP6000 is distinguished by a high degree of user protection (the cutting part is completely covered by a casing) and low weight. Refers to semi-professional tools, so it can be used in small industries.
It has a soft start, a system for maintaining and adjusting speed, convenient adjustment of immersion, it is possible to make cuts at an angle. The only downside is the price.
- INTERSKOL PP-165/1300EM- inexpensive model with a lot of functions. Engine power and functionality is not inferior to branded models. Disadvantages - increased noise, lack of a guide rail in the kit.
- Professional models designed for work in production include BOSCH GKT 55 GCE601.675.001.
Advantages of the model in high quality performance and reliability with a full range of functions. Disadvantages - the price and weight of the tool.
Universal saws are designed for sawing sheet materials such as drywall, ceramics, stone, chipboard, fiberboard. The design allows you to make curly cuts, despite the fact that the cutting tool is a disk.
Advantages of universal saws:
- closed cutting disc;
- adjustable cutting depth;
- tool weight;
- price.
Disadvantages:
- low power, which does not allow working with materials of great thickness;
- low cutting accuracy;
- there is no possibility of corner cuts;
- minimal feature set.
- BOSCH PKS 16 Multi allows you to make cuts up to 16 mm deep. From a household tool, it stands out for its high quality of workmanship, ease of disc replacement, automatic speed control system, and reliability.
- Vector VDMP-810 refers to a semi-professional instrument of domestic production. Possible use in small industries and at home, since the price of a saw is lower than that of branded counterparts.
- Virtues STURM CS5060MS is rechargeable power type and low price range. It is not intended for use in industry, but in everyday life it can become an indispensable assistant.
Circular machines are powerful devices for processing wood, plastic and other sheet materials. They are used in industry, with the exception of low-power models. They are divided into three types:
- Professional. They have the highest power, are designed for continuous operation, consume a lot of electricity.
- Household. They are powered by a 220 V electrical network. Suitable for small workshops or for home use.
- Semi-professional. More compact than professional ones, have a smaller set of functions. Use in workshops or life is possible. They are characterized by a large set of functions and a relatively high cost.
- Metabo TKHS 315 M stands out from a number of semi-professional models used in the industry, the highest quality of workmanship.
Works from a three-phase network of 380 V, motor power is 3 kW. Equipped with a workpiece feeder, a closed motor, a soft start system.
- Dewalt DW729KN professional device with a high degree of protection for the operator, adapted for continuous work.
Control of the cutting disk console. A set of functions allows you to cut workpieces at the desired angle from anywhere. It is not used in everyday life due to the high price and weight.
- Inexpensive household devices powered by a 220 V network include Hitachi C10 RE. It is used in small-scale production or in everyday life. This machine is multifunctional at an affordable price.
The chainsaw has long been a faithful assistant to man. Wherever you need to fell a tree, saw it into pieces, saw off branches, prepare logs or timber for construction work, you can hear the characteristic sound of the engine and the squeal of a saw. A rare household will not find this simple and reliable tool. Chainsaw even became the heroine of a whole series of horror films. There are hundreds of devices on the market from dozens of companies - how do you choose the right chainsaw for your home?
Types and main indicators (parameters and functions) of chainsaws
There are several types of chainsaws
- Household ones are used during the construction of small wooden buildings - sheds or arbors, pruning garden trees, sawing trunks for firewood and other things. Such a low-power device is made of inexpensive materials, has the simplest design, and can withstand an hour or two of use per day. The price of such devices is low.
- Semi-professional chainsaws are a more serious unit. They can be used in the construction of houses, felling thin trees, pruning in logging. These models are more powerful and can work continuously for several hours. They cost much more than household ones.
- Professional devices have a powerful, more than 5 liters. with. engine, made from the finest materials and designed to run continuously for at least eight hours. They also have a longer tire, larger fuel tank. They are used in logging. Their resource is several times higher than the resource of household devices.
The chain pitch is the distance between adjacent chain teeth, the performance of the device depends on it. A larger pitch is used in professional powerful devices, they have a high cutting speed, but also a large vibration. Performance is also related to chain width. It varies from 1 mm for the lightest household appliances to 5 mm for professional powerful units. When buying a spare chain, in addition to its length, be sure to check the width.
Tires and tool safety
The length of the bar determines the maximum depth of cut. Typically, household models are equipped with tires of 25-40 cm; for professional ones, the tire can reach a meter.
Engine power and torque must match the tire length.
Despite the technical possibility of installing a long tire from a semi-professional saw on a household model, this is not worth doing: constant overload of a weak motor will lead to its increased wear and failure.
All models are equipped with security systems. In the event of a dangerous situation, to stop the chain, it is enough to push the special lever with the back of the hand holding the handle. The inertial brake will work, and the chain will stop in a split second, without having time to cause harm. To select a safe unit, you need to check the ease of movement of the lever and the time the chain stops completely.
Chainsaw for giving which one to choose
There is no single answer to this question, since there are no two identical people and two identical dachas. Each has its own needs, its own list and volume of planned use. The best choice of chainsaw will be different in each case.
To choose a chainsaw for a summer residence, you need to decide what activities will be carried out in this country house. A good chainsaw will not necessarily be the most powerful or the most expensive. It is more important that it matches your tasks and physical capabilities in terms of its resource.
Productivity is important when you have a large amount of work to do. And with periodic pruning of trees and shrubs, the light weight of the device will be more important, which you will have to carry around the garden, saw from stairs and at outstretched arms.
Household chainsaws
If you need to choose a chainsaw for occasional gardening for odd jobs in the garden or sawing logs for firewood, then the best chainsaw is the household model.
They have a small recommended monthly resource of use - 20-30 hours. Small size and weight will allow an elderly person, woman or teenager to use the device without getting tired. This is the best chainsaw for the home. The use of a low profile chain reduces vibration to a minimum, which makes it even easier to use the saw for home use.
Semi-professional chainsaws
Semi-professional models have more power, but also larger dimensions, weight and fuel consumption.
It makes sense to choose a chainsaw of this level if there is a medium-sized construction, cutting down thin trees, cutting them into firewood.
It is important not to forget that the maximum continuous operation time should not exceed several hours, as indicated in the product data sheet.
It is reasonable to choose a chainsaw of this type - powerful, heavy and voracious, if a large log cabin is being built or thick trees are falling over a large area.
Without interruption, such a professional-class unit can work for more than 8 hours, the engine power reaches 12 hp. s., and the tire is slightly shorter than a full meter.
These reliable chainsaws have a lifespan that is three times the lifespan of household appliances.
But they also cost several, or even several tens of times more.
Characteristics general indicators of chainsaws
Engine power determines other performance characteristics such as:
- cutting depth;
- cutting speed;
- tire offset.
Significant characteristics of the degree of work safety are:
- kickback protection;
- vibration protection.
Chainsaw tires
The longer the bar, the thicker the tree can be cut. The motor power must be sufficient for this.
The following types of tires are widely used:
- narrow, used on low-power household units;
- lightweight, assembled from two steel strips connected by a layer of polyamide;
- elongated, used on powerful units for sawing thick trees.
Chainsaw chain
To successfully select the device, study the parameters of the circuit.
The thickness of the chain must correspond to the thickness of the tire, chains with a thickness of 1 to 5 mm are used. The chain pitch, or the distance between its teeth, is 0.3 inches for low power tools and up to 0.5 inches for powerful professional machines.
Chainsaw kickback protection
When the end of the tire hits the surface of the tree, a sharp jerk to the side can occur. Of great importance in this case is the ability to instantly stop the chain. The inertial brake is actuated by a lever located next to the handle. During the jerk, the hand rests on the lever and the brake is activated.
Chainsaw anti-vibration protection
Prolonged exposure to vibration has a harmful effect on all systems of the human body.
In order to choose the right tool for continuous work, it is necessary to check the presence of a vibration protection system in it.
To do this, elastic shock absorbers are installed on the saw between the handles and the machine body.
The chainsaw engine is its heart, and it also needs to be treated with care. When purchasing, plan appropriate care and periodic maintenance.
Modern engines are sensitive to the quality of the fuel and oil poured into them. And if Ural and Druzhba agree to work on 76 gasoline and M6 type oils, then for imported models it will be cheaper to buy those gasoline and oil that are indicated in the user manual. Repair and replacement of components will definitely cost more.
The same applies to the periodic replacement of candles and fuel filters.
How to choose a chainsaw for the price quality
To choose the right chainsaw, you should read thematic forums and user reviews about which brand they used in certain specific conditions.
There are many good reviews, for example, about the Taiga-246 model. This is a good choice if you are looking for a budget unit for a variety of applications. The Ural chainsaw series is suitable if you need a powerful, professional machine. Unfortunately, there are many complaints about the reliability of their products to domestic manufacturers.
If we take into account the value for money, then the more expensive, but also more reliable Makita and Husqvarna come out ahead. These companies produce fairly light and compact amateur models with low vibration levels, very modest fuel and oil consumption. The high-quality materials used in their manufacture and modern design solutions ensure high reliability and make gardening easy, safe and comfortable. Such models will cost up to 20 thousand rubles.
The leaders in terms of reliability and duration of operation can be considered the saws of Jonsered and Shtil companies. They are also leaders in price - up to 30 thousand rubles.
In order to choose a saw and not regret your choice, remember that a break-in period is necessary before starting working use.
The motor must run at low speeds from half an hour to an hour so that its parts run in better to each other and the lubrication gaps between the parts reach the design values, ensuring a reliable and constant supply of oil in all operating modes. If you immediately give full throttle, then the scuffs formed on the rubbing pairs will significantly reduce the life of the motor and the chainsaw as a whole.
Of the variety of models offered on the Russian market, both budget and the most expensive models find their customers. Based on the results of consumer preferences, the following analysis was carried out:
- Stihl is one of the recognized technology leaders. This company was the first to launch an electric hand saw on the market. Stihl and its subsidiaries produce a very wide range of gasoline-powered mobile devices - chainsaws, motor drills, lawn mowers, trimmers, etc. It makes sense to choose this company if you are looking for a reliable, easy-to-use and productive chainsaw in any category - from household to professional , including specialized rescue equipment. Price range from 16 tr. for amateur models to tens and even hundreds of thousands for professional and specialized ones.
- Husqvarna is a company from Sweden, the oldest on the market. Today it has the largest share of the household equipment and supplies market. The company's products are distinguished by high quality and reliability of even the most inexpensive amateur instruments. Price range - from 14 tr. for an amateur series and from 30 tr. for professional.
- Dolmar is a German concern, part of the Makita group of companies. He also owns the Cab Cadet trademark. You should be careful - semi-professional saws of these brands cost from 25 tr. are produced in Japan and Europe, however, amateur models priced from 11 tr. assembled in China.
- Champion is a fairly new manufacturer from China on the market, offering the widest range of petrol and electric garden tools, power drills and saws. With a very affordable price for amateur devices up to 20 tr. The quality of Chinese chainsaws is more than satisfactory.
- Patriot is a manufacturer from the USA, but all production is located in China. The quality is quite acceptable, but we must be aware that for 8-15 tons. a saw can only be made from inexpensive materials. This significantly limits the resource of the device, and they can be considered as household, but not professional equipment.
- Partner is the Chinese subsidiary of Husqvarna. The advanced design solutions of the parent company and the Swedish quality control system implemented at Chinese factories ensure high quality even for inexpensive amateur cars at a price of 5 to 15 thousand rubles. However, the resource limits are exactly the same as those of Patriot products.
- Hyundai, a South Korean industrial giant famous for its automotive products and consumer electronics, is also active in the tool market. Their chainsaws at an affordable price of 9-21 tr. have high quality engines. Cheap materials make the case rather weak.
There are dozens of other manufacturers on the market, but due to low sales volumes, experimenting with purchasing their products can be risky.
Chainsaw attachments
The design of a chainsaw motor developed over a century, capable of operating stably on a wide variety of slopes, except perhaps in the “upside down” position, gave rise to many ideas for using this reliable drive for various additional work.
Attached to the working shaft:
- Nozzle-petrol cutter, for cutting stone, concrete and other durable materials.
- Debarker - Disk allows you to make grooves in a log or in a bar, to level the curvature of the surface). Drum allows you to debark trunks, cut down branches, branches and nodules.
- Motor pump attached to the working shaft through a system of pulleys. Particularly convenient and safe for pumping water in the absence of power supply, for example, in flooded areas.
- Motodrill - in winter, when there is nothing special to cut with a chainsaw, it can be converted into an indispensable assistant for ice fishing.
- Motor winch - here the amount of work on improvement will be one of the most serious. It will be necessary to make a reliable frame, mount an engine, a gearbox, a gear system, a winch drum with a reliable stopper, and controls on it. In addition, it will be necessary to develop and manufacture devices for attaching the winch frame to tree trunks, driven anchors or to a counterweight of sufficient mass to perform lifting and transport operations. You will also need to purchase reliable cables, hooks and other slinging equipment.
- Boat motor - the design was first developed after the Second World War in Indochina. The fishermen there could not afford outboard motors, but they could afford a chainsaw. And they adapted it as an engine for their boats. A long bamboo pole was mounted on the working shaft and lowered into the water at a slight angle. And at the other end they put a wooden screw. Such parts did not last long, but were quickly replaced. In our conditions, a metal pipe, a gearbox and a screw from an old outboard motor are used. Such a device makes it possible to reach speeds of up to 10-15 km / h, it will take up to a liter of fuel per hour.
There are also ideas for converting a chainsaw into a snow blower, a power plant, a moped, a go-kart, a buggy, a snowmobile, a snowmobile, and even a mini helicopter. The authors of all these exotic designs need to remember how long the continuous operation is acceptable for a used saw, and in a timely manner to interrupt their journey to cool the engine. In addition, improvised vehicles are prohibited from being used on public roads and in airspace outside designated areas. Everyone can choose the way to additionally use the chainsaw according to their needs and technical capabilities.
Possible problems
The most common problems with gasoline devices:
- Do not start the motor. You should check the level of gasoline. If there is enough gasoline, it is necessary to clean the fuel filters and a special sump, blow out the fuel hose. Check the condition of the spark plug, clean it from carbon deposits. On modern motors, it is impossible to check for a spark, a short circuit v of a high-voltage wire to the housing.
- Interruptions in work. Possible water intrusion into the fuel. In this case, you should replace the fuel with a quality one. It is also possible that the cylinder jacket is loosened to the crankcase - the nuts should be tightened more tightly.
- Motor overheating. Clean the slots in the air cooler jacket. Check the percentage of oil in the fuel according to the table in the user manual.
The rest of the malfunctions should not be tried to be fixed on your own, if you are not sure that you have sufficient skills, but contact the service center. Unqualified self-repair can completely disable the unit, and no warranty will be valid.
Any owner of a country house will definitely have to deal with the need to carry out wood sawing operations. This is especially in demand during construction or repair work, which are usually always located in private households. If the house has stoves, then replenishment of fuel supplies is constantly required. Plus, taking care of the adjacent plot: regular pruning of trees or a complete cut of old, unnecessary ones, trimming shrubs and hedges, etc. Even the organization of leisure often requires turning to the saw - when it is necessary to prepare fuel for the barbecue or summer grill.
It is quite possible to use the "grandfather" approach using ordinary and two-handed saws, an ax, a pruner, but it takes a lot of time, which is usually not enough, and requires considerable physical effort. It is good that in our time there is an opportunity to purchase a modern mechanized tool that greatly simplifies the performance of labor-intensive operations. So, chainsaws are in great demand, due to the convenience of working with them and complete autonomy - independence from the presence of a power source. But in order for the tool to really meet the expectations of its owner, you should definitely understand how to choose the right chainsaw, which you should pay special attention to when buying.
Experienced users who have been using chainsaws in their daily work for a long time will probably know the main selection criteria. But for those who are just going to purchase this useful “helper” for the first time, for a start it’s worth at least a little understanding of the chainsaw device - in order to make it clear what will be discussed when evaluating the characteristics of the tool.
How does a chainsaw work
The range of chain saws is very wide, as they are used in a variety of fields.
- This is an indispensable tool both in companies engaged in industrial timber harvesting and in forestry enterprises that carry out regular work to clean the massifs from dead wood or unnecessary growth.
- Chainsaws are used in the preparation of wooden parts of erected structures, cutting window and door openings in log cabins from logs or timber, selecting the necessary grooves or spikes, and for many other operations.
- The variety of domestic, economic use of a chainsaw has already been mentioned above - it is an indispensable assistant to a good homeowner.
- Moreover, in the skillful hands of the master, the chainsaw becomes a tool for creating works of art - logs or decks turn into unique garden wooden sculptures.
But, despite such a wide range of use, all chain saws have approximately the same design and work on the same principle.
First consider the chainsaw from the outside:
The entire main structure of the saw is covered with a plastic or metal case (item 1). Inside there is a power unit (engine) and components and mechanisms that ensure its launch and operation. In the upper part, the housing has a removable cover (pos. 2), which, when removed, provides access to the power and ignition systems.
Any saw has two working handles. The front one - in the form of an arc encircling the body from above (pos. 3), and the back one (pos. 4), with controls located on it.
A tire (pos. 5) is installed in front of the chainsaw, with a saw chain stretched on it (pos. 6).
To start the power unit, a manual starter is used, the handle of which is located on the left side of the body (pos. 7). To pre-prime fuel into the carburetor, most models have a dedicated hand pump button (key 8). Most often it is indicated by the index "Primer".
Directly near the rear handle, so that you can easily reach with your finger, there is a toggle switch for turning on and off the engine ignition system (pos. 9).
There are always two fillers on the left side of the body - for refueling the saw with fuel (pos. 10) and for filling the tank of the chain and bar lubrication system (pos. 11). The mouths are closed with hermetic stoppers. The location of the necks may differ from the example shown in the figure, but there are always inscriptions or pictograms that clearly indicate the purpose of the filling tank.
Prices and model line of chainsaws CALIBER
chainsaw gauge
The engine speed is controlled by the throttle button (pos. 12) located on the rear handle of the saw. On top of the handle there is necessarily another key - a locking key (pos. 13), without pressing which it is impossible to transfer the control action to the throttle. This is one of the frontiers of safety at work.
A special safety shield (pos. 14) is always placed in front of the front handle, which is kinematically connected to the emergency chain brake.
On the opposite side of the chainsaw there is a metal or plastic casing (pos. 15) that closes the rotation transmission unit from the engine to the saw chain drive sprocket. There is also a mechanism for adjusting the chain tension, its lubrication, as well as two fixing nuts (pos. 16), fixing the installed position of the tire.
The internal combustion engine used in chainsaws is a single-cylinder, two-stroke. Its dimensions, respectively - the diameter of the cylinder and its volume, directly depend on the power and predetermine the purpose of the tool.
Two-stroke engines do not require a dedicated lubrication system. For the normal operation of the mechanisms, it is sufficient to use a properly selected gasoline-oil mixture as fuel. The gasoline component burns out in the cylinder, and the oil component provides lubrication of the friction units.
The engine cooling system is air. For greater efficiency of heat transfer, fins are provided for the outer casing of the cylinder (pos. 1), and the engine flywheel has a peculiar configuration of a turbine with blades (pos. 5), which provide a forced powerful air flow.
The ignition of the working fuel mixture in the cylinder is carried out by a candle (pos. 2). The fuel supply from the carburetor to the cylinder is through a special connecting pipe (pos. 3). There must be a silencer (pos. 4), which reduces the noise of the unit and directs the exhaust to the side.
There is no gearbox with a change in the number of revolutions from the engine to the drive sprocket - the speed is regulated only by the throttle. But there is a clutch system (pos. 5) - the transmission of torque is carried out only when a certain level of speed is reached.
This mechanism works on the centrifugal principle. Clutch shoes (their number may differ in different models) are tightened to the center by a spring (pos. 2). The tightening force is calculated so that when idling, the pads do not come into contact with the inner surface of the drum (pos. 3), which is rigidly connected to the chain drive sprocket (pos. 4), and the rotation of the motor shaft (pos. 1) is not transmitted further.
With an increase in the number of revolutions, massive pads, overcoming the resistance of the springs under the action of centrifugal force, are pressed against the inner surface of the drum, and the torque is transmitted to the saw chain.
The bar with the chain has a slot for insertion onto the saw studs (pos. 6) and centering holes for the stopper (pin), the position of which can be changed with a special screw (pos. 5) - this is how the chain tension is adjusted.
Many models of chainsaws have a toothed chain catcher (item 7) in the same area. In the event of a chain break or flight, it must not allow injury to the worker's hands.
The oil supply channel from the tank for lubricating the chain and tire gears is also brought out here through the screw pump. Many models are equipped with an adjusting screw, with which you can change the feed rate.
The outer surface of the drum (pos. 3) also plays another function - it is part of the emergency chain braking mechanism.
When assembling the assembly, the drum is surrounded by a spring-loaded ring of steel strip (pos. 1). When the saw is not in working position, this belt is pressed against the drum by a spring. Before using the tool, the master presses the shield (pos. 2) back. In this position, the belt is loosened and the drum can turn freely.
What is it for? A chainsaw is a dangerous tool, and the chain moving along the bar can cause serious injury. Especially dangerous is the phenomenon of reverse impact - when the tire is thrown up or to the side. In the working condition of the saw, the protective shield in the rear position is very close to the hand of the worker holding the tool by the front handle. In the event of a sudden throw of the saw up or to the side, the back of the hand will involuntarily move the shield to the front position, the spring-loaded belt will compress the drum, and its rotation will be stopped for 0.5 - 1 second, which means that the movement of the chain will also be interrupted. The engine remains running.
The diagram under #3 shows a screw that changes the position of the pin when adjusting the chain tension.
True, the operation of such a brake requires special attention from the master. If you increase the engine speed without moving the shield to the rear working position, then it is easy to overheat the mechanism and even cause the polymer parts of the structure to melt and the entire mechanism to fail. And it is strictly forbidden to work without a functioning chain brake.
To start the engine - to transfer to it the starting torque, which will ensure the supply of a combustible mixture from the carburetor to the cylinder and create an impulse for sparking on the candle, a manual starter is used.
The design of the starter is simple. This is a drum with a cable (cord) wound around it, which ends with a handle located outside. The drum itself is located on a frame with a return spring - it ensures the cable is wound and the starter returns to its original position. The starter is located on most models on the left, coaxial with the engine crankshaft.
When the cord is pulled sharply, the drum is given a slight translational movement forward, so that its slots fall into the reciprocal protrusions of the engine flywheel, and rotational motion is transmitted to the flywheel and then to the crankshaft.
Access to service the carburetor and spark plug is by opening the top cover of the chainsaw.
Filter elements are also necessarily located here, providing purification of the air entering the carburetor. They require regular monitoring and cleaning - clogged filters often cause unstable engine operation or even the impossibility of starting it.
Many models have another external control element - carburetor air damper adjustment (among motorists, the name “choke” usually appears). Such an adjustment may be necessary to facilitate the cold start of the engine, before it is warmed up, especially in conditions of low winter temperatures.
Choke control lever ("suction") There is a filter in the fuel tank that cleans the mixture from suspensions. There is no gas pump, as such, except for the “primer” for preliminary manual pumping. Equalization of pressure in the tank and outside (so that no vacuum is created during the production of fuel) is provided by a special breather on the tank lid. Its condition also requires regular “care”, since with a clogged breather, the chainsaw engine will constantly stall.
The layout of specific models of chainsaws, especially from different manufacturers, may have certain differences. However, the basic scheme for all remains approximately the same.
For greater clarity of information about the chainsaw device - a demo video:
Video: device and principle of operation of a chainsaw
What is evaluated when choosing a chainsaw?
What tool evaluation criteria should I pay special attention to when buying a chainsaw?
Planned purpose of the tool
To begin with, you should really imagine how much work will be done on a chainsaw, and with what regularity. The choice of the required model primarily depends on this.
- If there is a need to perform small work with low frequency, for example, one-time logging for a fireplace or barbecue, pruning trees, performing simple operations when processing wooden blanks, then you can limit yourself to purchasing an inexpensive model belonging to the class of household chainsaws.
The smallest and lightest - household class chainsaws (garden) These tools are usually designed for very short continuous operation - within 20 ÷ 30 minutes, and in total no more than 1.5 ÷ 2 hours per day. But even in this mode, it is not recommended to exceed the threshold of 20 hours of its use within a month. The motor resource of the unit is small, usually within 400 hours of operation, and in order for the chainsaw to remain an “assistant” for as long as possible, it requires an appropriate, very rational use.
The power of the power unit of a household chainsaw usually does not exceed 1.5 kW, and the cylinder volume is about 40 cm³. Household-grade saws usually have a very effective muffler, which reduces the noise effect from their operation to the minimum possible.
With all these shortcomings, these chainsaws also have undeniable advantages. It is compact and light weight. Such qualities make it possible to use a household-class tool for almost everyone, regardless of the level of physical fitness of a person.
- The second class of chainsaws are semi-professional, or, as they are often called, “farm saws”.
An example of a semi-professional chainsaw ("farm") This is already a fairly serious tool that can withstand several hours of continuous operation (about 4 hours a day). The power of the power unit reaches 2 ÷ 2.5 kW, the volume of the cylinder is up to 60 cm³.
Such a chainsaw is already quite suitable for any household needs, including for regular harvesting of firewood, dumping small trees and sawing them into logs, for performing various construction operations. Most often, it is these saws that carpenters use when building log or. Such saws are also used in logging, but only for cleaning trunks from knots and branches.
Prices and model range of ECHO chainsaws
echo chainsaw
The motor resource embedded in such a chainsaw is usually about 1000 hours. For the "arsenal" of the owner of a country house, permanently residing in it, this is, apparently, the best option.
Of course, both the dimensions and the mass of the chainsaw are already much higher than those of household-class tools, and working with it will require some preparation.
- Finally, professional grade chainsaws. Their very name speaks for itself - they are designed for continuous operation during a work shift - up to eight or even more hours, under heavy loads.
The purchase of a professional-grade saw for the household looks completely redundant - there simply will not be loads for it that are adequate to its capabilities. These chainsaws always have a powerful power unit (3 kW) and higher, with a cylinder volume of 60 to 90 cm³), a long tire is expressed that allows you to work with thick trunks, an “aggressive” shape and sharpening of chain teeth that can cut dense wood even on strong frost. The pledged motor resource is measured in thousands of hours.
A similar tool is used, as a rule, at logging sites. To use it in economic needs is both unprofitable and inconvenient. Chainsaws of this class are always massive and overall, so they will not be good helpers in construction either. The operation of the saw is always accompanied by a fairly high noise level: in forest conditions this is not important, but it is hardly suitable for home use. In addition, working with a professional tool requires a very high physical fitness and appropriate qualifications of operators.
All other parameters for choosing a tool directly or indirectly depend on the chainsaw belonging to a particular class.
Types and parameters of bars and saw chains
Chainsaws are always equipped with standard tires. Their size (length) corresponds to the capabilities of the engine, and exceeding it is extremely dangerous - you can easily “kill” a drive that is not designed for excessively large loads.
The range of tire lengths is usually from 10 inches for a household class tool to 18 for a “farmer” one (professional ones can be much longer). For each specific model, the manufacturer indicates the allowable dimensions. The use of shorter tires is, in principle, possible, although not strongly encouraged. The installation of longer ones that go beyond the upper limit of the range is strictly prohibited.
Some models of exactly the same power and design may be sold with tires of different lengths. Here you can focus on the nature of the intended work - for trimming trees and shrubs it is better to have a shorter tire, as it will be more convenient to work with, and for sawing firewood - longer, taking into account the diameter of the logs.
Tires may differ in design.
- Household and "farm" chainsaws are usually equipped with flat tires with low profile chains - they are more convenient to use for unloaded cuts and are the least susceptible to kickback. True, all this is due to reduced productivity.
- For work at height, it will be more convenient to use a lightweight tire. These are two metal plates with a polyamide gasket in the middle.
- The tires of professional chainsaws usually provide for the possibility of replacing the head with an end sprocket, since this assembly, with constant use, the tool wears out the fastest. For economic use, such a tire is not needed.
The main parameters of the bus are shown in the figure:
1 - the dimensions and position of the holes for the fasteners and the guide adjusting pin must correspond to the model of the chainsaw.
2 - the width of the guide groove, which provides wedding movement, but at the same time - and reliable retention of the chain on the tire. The size must match the thickness of the chain tooth shank.
3 - the pitch of the teeth of the end sprocket must correspond to those of the drive sprocket and the parameters of the chain.
4 - tire length (L), which has already been mentioned above.
As a rule, the main parameters of the tire are not only indicated by the manufacturer in the passport, but also applied to the product itself:
The saw chain consists of the following elements:
1 and 2 - cutting chain links, alternately - left and right, having a certain angle of sharpening the edges. On each of their cutting links there is a protrusion - cut depth limiter (pos. 3)
4 - leading links through which rotation is transmitted from the sprocket, and the shanks of which keep the chain on the tire from transverse displacement.
5 - connecting links.
6 - rivets that collect all the links into a single structure.
The main parameters of the circuit are shown in the diagram:
a is the value that determines the chain pitch, the distance between the first and third rivets, divided in half.
This value is standardized. In saws of small and medium power, that is, belonging to the household and "farmer" class, chains with a pitch of 0.325 and 3/8 inches are used (this corresponds to 8.255 and 9.525 millimeters in metric terms). Such a strange at first glance gradation, using decimal and simple fractions, was chosen only to prevent confusion: 3/8 inch is equal to 0.375, which is easy to confuse with 0.325, and random discrepancies are excluded.
Chains with a pitch of 0.325 are distinguished by the lowest vibration indicators during operation, but their performance is also low. The "golden mean" is 3/8 inch, it is these chains that are found on most middle-class models. Professional chainsaws are equipped with chains with a pitch of 0.404, and sometimes even ¾ inch with a high tooth profile, often with special carbide tips.
The second parameter of the chain is the thickness of the drive link shank (marked “b” in the diagram) - this value has already been discussed above.
And finally, the length of the chain, if this element of the saw set is purchased separately, must correspond to the size of the existing tire.
The shape of the cutting sections and their sharpening may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. So, there are two main types of tooth shape - chisel and chipper. However, there are many intermediate options.
However, such subtle knowledge is of interest only to experienced craftsmen - at the household level, the user will not feel much difference.
Another important note about the saw set. It is a common occurrence that chains and bars from one manufacturer are designed exclusively for chainsaws of the same brand. There are exceptions - but they are single and do not "make the weather." Thus, when choosing a saw, you should immediately assess the availability of the service or the availability in the region of the possibility of purchasing spare parts for this model.
Evaluation of the convenience of working with a chainsaw
It would be completely pointless to study the technical and operational characteristics of a chainsaw, if you do not “feel” it with your hands. This tool belongs to the group of increased danger, so it is extremely important that the chainsaw ideally “fits into the hand” of the master. And the owner himself must easily, without the use of excessive effort, direct the movement of the working saw bar.
To do this, when choosing, the ergonomics of a particular model must be evaluated.
- The chainsaw must be balanced - when fully assembled, its center of gravity must be located in such a way that when the tool is lifted by the front handle, it would maintain balance. This is very important - you do not have to spend extra effort to keep the tool in a horizontal position, which means that fatigue from work will not come so quickly.
- The mass of the chainsaw is also estimated - the physical capabilities of people are different, and what seems easy to one for another can become an unbearable burden.
- Be sure to evaluate the location of the safety shield in front of the front handle. It happens that for some household models the distance between the working position of the shield and the handle is very small. It will not be easy for a person with a highly developed hand, and even dressed in a work mitt, to hold the tool when cutting - any movement can cause an emergency operation of the brake. Naturally, there will be no effective work in such conditions - it will turn into sheer torment, and it may also end with overheating of the brake drum. So, you have to choose a larger model.
- The convenience of placing the hand on the rear control handle is evaluated. Pressing the accelerator key, after the safety key has been activated, should be comfortable for the fingers, without jamming. The toggle switch for interrupting the ignition circuit must be located in the presence of an instant shutdown of the engine in the event of such a need.
- Even the smallest saw gives a considerable vibration load to the user's hands during operation - this causes rapid fatigue, and with frequent use of the tool, it can even lead to chronic joint diseases. Therefore, manufacturers try to minimize vibration effects by using special elastic or spring dampers between the body and the power unit and, in particular, between the body and the front handle of the chainsaw. At this point, too, it is worth focusing attention.
- When choosing a chainsaw, be sure to ask the seller to refuel and start it. It is necessary to make sure that the engine starts easily, without problems, and runs smoothly, without failures, at idle. You should try the "acceleration" of the motor, that is, its adequate response to pressing the throttle control key. At the same time, it is possible to verify the regular operation of the clutch assembly (rotation should not be transmitted to the chain at idle), and the emergency brake (pressing the shield forward should almost instantly stop the chain).
When buying a saw, be sure to require it to be refueled and started - to check the correct operation of all components - When the chainsaw is running, you can assess the degree of its noise, as well as the direction of the exhaust of exhaust products of combustion - this will later be important for choosing a workplace and the position of the tool, taking into account the direction of the wind or the location of the doors (gates, windows, ventilation hood) in the workshop.
Which brand to choose?
And, finally, an important selection criterion is the manufacturer's warranty obligations, the possibility of service maintenance, the purchase of replacement headset elements and spare parts.
The undisputed leaders in the production of chainsaws are STIHL and HUSQVARNA. The STIHL tool is more preferable from the point of view that in our area it is much easier to purchase a headset, consumables and spare parts for it. The products of the companies MAKITA, JONSERED, OLEO MAC, HITACHI, ZENOAH, PARTNER, ECHO and a number of others enjoy unconditional authority. Among Russian buyers, chainsaws of the Taiga, Ural, Interskol, Zubr, Energomash brands are quite popular.
Prices for popular chainsaws
Of course, you should buy a chainsaw only in a specialized store, where the originality of the product will be guaranteed and all manufacturer's obligations will be confirmed. Alas, we have to admit that in this area there are a huge number of fakes, outwardly practically indistinguishable from real models and giving themselves out only with separate “strokes”. But in work, they have nothing to do with the original, neither in terms of their effectiveness, nor in terms of the pledged resource, nor in ensuring proper security.
Video - How to choose the right chainsaw
And in conclusion - a few popular models from leading manufacturers of chainsaws:
| Model | Illustration | Short description | Power, mass | average price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUSQVARNA 236 | Small, light, but powerful household grade saw. 14” bar with 3/8” chain pitch and 1.3 mm groove width. Tank volume - 0.3 l. Optional Centrifugal Air Purifier for Carburetor | 1400 W 4.6 kg | 11500 rub. | |
| Stihl MS 180 14 | One of the most popular models for personal use. Bar length 14ʺ, chain pitch - 3/8, groove width - 1.3 mm. Automatic chain lubrication system. Tank volume - 0.25 l. | 1500 W 3.9 kg | 13000 rub. | |
| MAKITA EA3502S40B | Chainsaw for household needs. Bar length - 16ʺ, chain pitch and thickness - 3/8 - 1.3 mm. Fuel tank volume - 0.4 l | 1700 W 4.4 kg | 16700 rub. | |
| ECHO CS-510-15 | Powerful saw of a semi-professional, "farm" class of the Japanese assembly. Bar length 15ʺ, chain 0.325 pitch and 1.5 mm wide. Increased security system, economical fuel and oil consumption for light design features. Improved anti-vibration protection. | 2600 W 4.9 kg | 28100 rub. | |
| ZUBR PBTs-450 40P | Reliable and relatively inexpensive chainsaw of domestic production, semi-professional class. Tire 16ʺ, chain parameters - 0.325 - 1.5 mm. Tank volume - 0.55 l. Electronic ignition system, air pre-cleaning system, in-house designed saw set designed for long-term use without sharpening. | 1800 W 6.4 kg | 12700 rub. | |
| Hyundai X 560 | A semi-professional chainsaw with an extended bar that allows you to fell fairly thick trees and be used in construction work with log cabins. Bar length - 20ʺ, chain 0.325 - 1.5 mm. Engine decompressor system for easy starting of the unit. Relatively low price against the background of high performance | 3000 W 5.2 kg | 16500 rub. |
Video - Guide to choosing a chainsaw