If the cottage is a favorite place not only for summer holiday, but also often visited in the cold season, then the premises of the country house will have to warm well. And however, who said that insulation (willing to say correctly - thermal insulation) should serve only in winter? It is at least necessary in the summer heat - a comfortable coolness will be maintained in the rooms in the most sultry days.
For thermal insulation works, you can use different material. Especially since the modern range of insulation is so rich, which allows you to choose the optimal option not only on the operational characteristics, but in price, depending on the budget of the family. Nevertheless, the "rate" is still always recommended to do on high-quality thermal insulation material, and it must comply with a number of important requirements.
In this publication, let's try to figure out which insulation for walls inside the house in the country looks preferable and why. Let us dwell on another important issue - which thickness of thermal insulation will provide comfortable conditions in the house at any time of the year.
Requirements for insulation for residential buildings
Any material selected for the repair or construction of residential buildings must meet certain physico-technical requirements, sanitary standards, as well as be safe. Not exception and insulation.
The main criteria for selecting thermal insulators to which it is necessary to pay attention must be attributed:
- Environmental Safety. Materials should not only contribute to the creation of a comfortable temperature regime in the house, but not to harm the health of its inhabitants. Therefore, the insulation should not, in the process of operation, spoil in any way a healthy atmosphere in the rooms.
- Energy saving characteristics. The insulation must have the minimum possible thermal conductivity.
- Foreign safety. Most building materials, including wood, without which, when erecting a house, one way or another, do not do, are flammable. However, the danger of modern products produced on a synthetic basis is not only possible in the possibility of rapid ignition. No less terrible phenomenon is the allocation of toxic combustion products. Therefore, when choosing a heater, it is worth paying attention not only to its combustibility class, but also on its smoke-forming abilities. The heat insulator ideally should be non-combustible (NG) or have minimal flammability (M1) (many materials are far from this). The smoke-forming ability is denoted by the letter "D", and its lowest level - D1, to which should strive.
- Sound insulation features. It is not necessary to think that this quality is not so important for country houses - after all, silence and peace ... Even with a noisy city, you can buy a neighbor - an amateur to listen to loud music, which in silence will just be heard on a very long distance. It is impossible to prohibit neighbors in the dachas to use the use of power tools, work in personal carpentry workshops, the use of equipment for processing the site. Other violations of the factors can be a lively track, passing nearby, Railway Highway, etc.
- Parry permeability of the heat insulator. With this parameter, since we are talking about insulation from the inside, you need special caution. In fact, when the material is "breathable", this is generally not bad. But if the record indicator of the walls themselves will be lower (as well as it usually happens), then the saturation of the insulation placed indoors is not saturated. It means that reliable vapor barrier and efficient ventilation of the rooms are of particular importance. With this criterion in the bundle, the hygroscopicity of the material should be considered, that is, its ability to drink moisture. It will certainly be minimal.
- Durability of the material. This factor is also worth paying special attention, if, of course, there is no desire to produce repairs every three to five years. In order not to make a mistake in the choice, it is not necessary to acquire the insulation of the unverified manufacturer, even if it has a suitable cost. In this case, it is better to overpay, but get confidence in the warranty periods specified by the manufacturer.
- The ability of the insulation to hold the original shape. This quality can be denoted as material strength. During operation, different loads are affected by the insulation - dynamic, vibration, statistical and others. Under the influence of these impacts, poor-quality materials may be deformed or decrease in size, forming "bars" in thermal insulation. And the entire insulation system will become ineffective.
- Resistance to biological and chemical impact. When the private house is insulation, an important factor is the absence of unwanted "guests", such as insects and rodents. Therefore, it is worth choosing a material that will not be a favorable medium for their habitat. In addition, the components of the insulation should not be susceptible to rotting, as well as decomposition under chemical influence. They should not serve as a nutrient medium for microflora - mold, fungus, moss, etc.
- Compatibility with the material of the walls of the building. So that the insulation "worked" as it is expected from him, it should be well combined with the material of the base, which is planned to be thermally insulated. In addition, choosing the thickness of the insulation, it is also necessary to take into account the thickness and material of the structure of the structure. This will be discussed in detail below.
Varieties of modern thermal insulation materials
In order to insulate the walls of any private home from the inside, one or more types of thermal insulation materials can be applied. To understand which one is most suitable for a particular structure, it is necessary to consider the characteristic features of each of them.
So, the following heat insulators are most often used for the insulation of the walls:
- Mineral wool - glass and basalt, for example. This material comes on sale in rolls and mats.
- Polystyotiyol - produced in rigid plates.
- Equata. This insulation is made of natural cellulose, comes on sale by the scattering or in the form of mats. The loose version of the material can be applied on the wall "wet" by spraying or just falling down in the cavity.
- Polyurethane foam and foamizol. These insulation are sprayed on the walls, forming a seamless solid coating.
Perhaps you will be interested in information about what characteristics has
To take the first step to the selection of the material, to begin with, it is worth considering their positive parties and explicit disadvantages:
| Illustration | Name of insulation | Dignity of material | Disadvantages of material |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basalt (stone) wool | - Class of flammability NG; - has low thermal conductivity; - The modified version of the insulation does not absorb moisture. | - hygroscopicity of the usual, non-modified insulation; - high price. |
|
| Glass Vata. | - It has good thermal insulation characteristics; - high vapor permeability; - Available cost. | - refers to the grade grade G1 (weakly farming); - hygroscopic; - insufficiently high stability of forms, weak resistance to vibratory spending, a tendency to gradual tracking; - It does not differ in environmental cleanliness. |
|
| Ekwata. | - environmental purity of the insulation; - low thermal conductivity; - long service life; - Resistance to biological yield. | - is a weak-threshable material - G1; - hygroscopicity; - With dry stacking (squeezing), there is a tendency to peer, therefore requires periodic replenishment of the heat insulating layer. |
|
| - low thermal conductivity; - moisture resistance; - low weight plates; - not toxic in conventional temperature conditions; - has a long service life; - has high mechanical strength; - Resistant to biological influences. | - Guryuch (no matter how the opposite claim); - when melting and burning under the influence of high temperatures, toxic gas, dangerous to human life, is distinguished; - Do not vapor permanent (which, by the way, in certain conditions can be regarded as dignity). |
||
| Polyurene Foolder | - moisture resistant; - has a pronounced low thermal conductivity; - forms a solid seamless insulated layer; - long service life; - not toxic in normal conditions. | - refers to the combustion system of G1 (weakly farming); - not vapotile (about the controversy flawed already mentioned); - For applying, special equipment and experience with it is necessary; - a fairly high cost of material and work on its application. |
The table below shows the comparative characteristics that allow the parameters of the above-mentioned materials on the "digital level":
| Name of material | Density, kg / m³. | Coefficient of thermal conductivity, W / (m × ° С) | Vapor permeability mg / (m / h / n) | Moisture absorption kg / m² |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glasswater | 15 ÷ 40. | 0.039 ÷ 0.046. | 0.4 ÷ 0.6. | 0.55 ÷ 1.0 |
| Basalt Wat. | 30 ÷ 50. | 0.035 ÷ 0.042 | 0.4 ÷ 0.6. | 0.1 ÷ 0.5 |
| Extruded expanded polystyrene foam | 35 ÷ 45. | 0.030 ÷ 0.035 | 0.0 ÷ 0,013 | 0.01 ÷ 0.05 |
| Polyurene Foolder | 30 ÷ 80. | 0.024 ÷ 0.030 | 0.0 ÷ 0.005 | 0.01 ÷ 0.05 |
| Equata (mats) | 33 ÷ 75. | 0.038 ÷ 0.045 | 0.3 ÷ 0.5 | 0.3 ÷ 0.8. |
It is necessary to clarify that today the modified insulating materials with improved technical and environmental characteristics are available. However, only major manufacturers are engaged in their production, which are highly responsible to the quality and potential possibilities of their products. Naturally, the cost of such products is much higher, but they will last longer, without hurting neither the building or the health of residents at home.
You may be interested in information about how it is correct
The parameters of such thermal insulation materials will be presented below.
Basalt thermal insulation
This type of insulation materials is different as a stone cotton, as they are produced by the melt method of gabbro-basalt stone rocks. Products from this raw can be called the optimal option for thermal insulation of surfaces inside the house. If it were not for one nuance, which would be said.
Basalt insulation have very low thermal conductivity. Materials on a stone basis are more suitable for the insulation of residential premises, since their fibers have greater elasticity. Thanks to this quality, mats have a higher density, and also differ in high strength characteristics. Fibers have a sufficient degree of elasticity, and therefore not so brittle as the glass gamblers.
Basalt insulation are manufactured in rolls and mats. Some material options are equipped with a layer of aluminum foil capable of enhancing insulation due to the reflection of thermal flows inside the room. In addition, the foil becomes a parobarrier, which in such conditions is of particular importance.
And now - about the nuance itself, which still puts doubt on the feasibility of such a process as. Consider whether the use of mineral wool is permissible for insulation from the inside?
In general, the optimal structure of the insulating structure is such in which the vapor permeability of each subsequent layer (in the direction of the room to the street) is higher than that of the previous one. In such a situation, water vapors will simply be freely entering the atmosphere. Mineral wool with the location of it indoors under these requirements does not fit.
The fact is that with such a structure of the thermal insulating "cake" the dew point will be precisely in the thickness of Minvati or on the border between her and the wall. That is, it is here that condensate in the cold season will be formed. Since the vapor permeability of mineral wool will always be higher than any wall material, and the high concentration of water vapors is in the room - this is a normal phenomenon, it is impossible to exclude gradual wetting and the insulation itself, and the walls.
The output is to provide a strong layer of reliable vaporizolation from the room, so that water vapors simply have no chance of penetrating mineral wool. And plus ventilation should be ensured in the house. Under such conditions, mineral wool will show all its advantages.
The general characteristics of this insulation were shown in the above table. However, large manufacturers produce improved product options, while the technical characteristics of the insulation will differ in their indicators.
« Knauf.»
« Knauf."This is a well-known German manufacturer of various building materials known to the Russian consumer with its quality. The company not one ten years old supplies its products to Russia, has established the production of materials and directly in the territory of the Russian Federation. And these products fully comply with the requirements of GOST and sanitary and epidemiological standards, which is confirmed by numerous quality certificates.
« Knauf."Supplies to the Russian market several brands of basalt insulation, both universal and intended for different sites of the building. For example, the insulation ruler "Insulation" is the products of the Profi-class and is used for thermal insulation of various objects. For private buildings, the manufacturer provides a separate line of products, taking into account not only the thermal insulation capabilities of the material, but also the "human factor" is "Teploknauf House", "Teploknauf Dacha" and "Teploknauf cottage". All thermal insulators are vapor-permeable and non-combustible (NG).
The rest of their operational characteristics are presented in this table:
It should be noted that the ruler of insulation produced in the form of plates is expanded by the products "Cottage +" and "House +". They differ from the materials called in the table, its thickness of 100 mm.
"Rockwool"
Rockwool is constantly working on the modification of its products, improving its characteristics. All the linear of basalt insulation of this manufacturer belong to the class NG, that is, to non-combustible materials.
Despite a very wide variety of thermal insulation products of this manufacturer, for the insulation of the walls of the country house is optimal to stop its choice on "Rockwool Light Batts Scandik" or "Rockwool Light Batts"
Special processing of material in the process of its production gives blocks water-repellent qualities. Special convenience is compact packaging - after its opening, the slab quickly takes the specified source size. In addition, one edge of the plates is made "spring-loaded" - for light and dense mounting between the latch of the crate.
The main characteristics of the "Rockwool Light Batts" heat insulator look like this:
| Operational parameters of insulation | Indicators |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity (W / m × ° C): | |
| - Calculated value at T \u003d 10 ° C | 0,036 |
| - Calculated value at T \u003d 25 ° C | 0,037 |
| - Operational under the terms "A" | 0,039 |
| - Operational under the terms "B" | 0,041 |
| Class of Culture | NG |
| Fire safety class | Km 0. |
| Parry permeability (mg / (m² × h × pa), no less | 0.03 |
| Moisture absorption with partial immersion | no more than 1 kg / m² |
| Dimensions | 1000 × 600 mm |
| thickness | 50, 100 or 150 mm |
"TEKHNONIKOL"
This insulating material is made by a domestic manufacturer who is well familiar to the Russian consumer.
The modified basalt wool Tekhnonikol is also a non-combustible material (NG) as the manufacturer reports on its packaging. The thermal insulators of this manufacturer are manufactured under strict control, according to the established guest standards, and also fully comply with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements of the Russian Federation.
This table presents the most popular variants of the basalt insulation Tekhnonikol, as well as their technical characteristics:
| Brand material | Compressibility,%, no more | Parputability, mg / (m × h × pa) | Moisture absorption, kg / m² | Density, kg / m³ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Rocklaight" | 0.037 ÷ 0.041 | 30 | 0.3 | 2 | 30 ÷ 40. |
| TECHNOLITE | 0.036 ÷ 0.041 | 20 | 0.3 | 1,5 | 30 ÷ 38. |
| "TEWOROLL" | 0.036 ÷ 0.041 | 55 | 0.3 | 2 | 25 ÷ 35. |
| "Technoacoustik" | 0.035 ÷ 0.040 | 10 | 0.3 | 1,5 | 38 ÷ 45. |
| "Technobock" | 0.035 ÷ 0.040 | 8 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 40 ÷ 50. |
For the insulation of the walls, any brands "Technoacoustik" are well suited, since they have a low thermal conductivity coefficient and optimal density. In addition, the "technoacoustik" is designed to insulate the house from external noise, so it can be called a multifunctional material.
Glass Vata.
The glass gamble is made of fibers obtained by molting glass combat and quartz sand, as well as other natural additives. As a binder for compounding fiberglass to a single structure, phenol formaldehyde resins are used. The stiffness of the plates and mats is acquired as a result of pressing with simultaneous heat treatment. The heat insulator obtained as a result of pressing glass fibers in blocks or mats, has a sufficiently high stability of forms, but not the most outstanding vibration resistance.
Glass wool is a good sound and heat insulator, has resistant to chemical impacts and resistant tolerate temperature differences. Its operating temperature range vary from -60 to + 180 degrees. However, if this is exceeded, the fibers themselves are not damaged, but the binder of their substance is destructed, so the matte structure is sintered, deformed or disintegrated.
Specialists do not recommend using glass wool for the insulation of residential premises. This is connected not only with its high hygroscopicity. The point is also the possibility of contacting microparticles in the air of the room, which represents a pretty serious threat to the health of residents at home. Therefore, if for any reason for insulation, it is glass gambled that is selected, then after its installation in the crate, thermal insulation should be sealed with a polyethylene film or a vapor insulation membrane. However, as we saw, basalt wool needs exactly in the same protection.
ISOVER
"Isover" is a high-quality thermal insulator produced on innovative equipment in accordance with all the requirements of existing standards.
"Isover" is made in mats and plates, so it may differ in its density. The slab material has a higher density, and it can be used to insulate the walls under shocking. The materials with elevated density include "Isover OL-A" and "IsOVER OL-E". But shuttering of mineral wool insulation is permissible only on the outside of the wall.
The glass gambler "IsOnder" manufacturer positions like a non-flammable insulation, that is, relates it to the class NG.
The sale presents several variants of glass wool, which is designed for insulation of various parts of the house. The main characteristics of these products look like this:
| Brand insulation | The coefficient of thermal conductivity, W / (M × ° C) | Compressibility,%, no more | Parputability, mg / (m × h × pa) | Moisture absorption, kg / m² | Density, kg / m³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISOVER Light | 0.035 ÷ 0.040 | 10 | 0.3 | 1,5 | 38 ÷ 45. |
| "IsOnder Standard" | 0.036 ÷ 0.041 | 55 | 0.3 | 2 | 25 ÷ 35. |
| "Isover optimal" | 0.036 ÷ 0.041 | 20 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 30 ÷ 38. |
| "Isover facade" | 0.035 ÷ 0.038 | 30 | 0.3 | 2 | 30 ÷ 40. |
In addition to the above options , "IsOVER" produces other brands of insulation materials. Moreover, the company continues to develop and launch innovative products that are able to withstand the necessary loads in a certain area of \u200b\u200bstructure.
"URSA"
Another well-known brand of insulation materials are products "URSA". The manufacturer uses innovative technologies in the manufacture of its products, trying to minimize the flaws of glass wool. Thanks to this approach, the URSA glass gamble is characterized by increased durability and special strength. Plate density and mats greatly simplifies installation work.
Since "URSA" produces a large range of insulating products, it will be difficult to choose the desired version of the material. We give a hint - for the heat insulation of the country house, the insulation of the URSA GEO line is recommended. They are safe for the health of residents of the house, adapted as much as possible to the conditions of private construction.
The "URSA GEO" line includes the following products:
| Type of insulation "URSA GEO" | The coefficient of thermal conductivity, W / (M × ° C) | Paropropusability mg / (m × h × pa) |
|---|---|---|
| "M-11" | 0.04 | 0.64 |
| "Mini" | 0.041 | 0.64 |
| "A private house" | 0.041 | 0.55 |
| "Universal Plates" | 0.036 | 0.51 |
| Light | 0.044 | 0.35 |
| "Scope Roof" | 0.035 | 0.55 |
| "Noise protection" | 0.04 | 0.6 |
| "Frame" | 0.035 | 0.64 |
In addition to those presented in the table, this series of materials includes other insulation suitable for thermal insulation of private houses.
Speaking of any of mineral wool insulators, it is impossible not to say about their common drawbacks that may well affect the choice of material.
- Binding in most brands are phenol formaldehyde resins that are toxic substance. Throughout the period of operation of a warmed design, the emission of harmful connections will be observed. Some leading manufacturers claim that, in the manufacture of their products, these components are no longer used, as they are replaced by environmentally friendly binders. Check this statement without special devices is quite difficult, and you have to take on faith. Nevertheless, it is better to give preference to insulation with Eco marking.
- Another problem of mineral wool are rodents, which are perfectly adapting in this material, arranging their nests in it and doing moves. It will be possible to get rid of these neighbors, only disassembled the skin and replacing the insulation to another of its option. If measures have been taken to protect against these ubiquitous animals in the country house, then mineral wool can be purchased for the insulation of the walls. In another case, it is better to give preference to more dense insulation or the options that mice are bypassing.
Extruded expanded polystyrene foam
Many people think that extruded polystyrene foam is the same as the foam acquaintance. But it's not at all. Yes, the initial raw material for their production is similar, however, they differ from each other not only by appearance, but also by their technical characteristics. Inexpensive for the price of foam until recently, it was used everywhere for insulation of both internal and external surfaces. However, it has a large number of significant drawbacks that caused a complete abandonment of this material in many countries of the world.
Starting repair, many, wanting to save, prefer precisely foam, but before making your choice, it is necessary to have an idea of \u200b\u200bits negative qualities.
- Flammability material. The foam is not just burning - it melts and spreads over the surface, becoming a flame spreader. At the same time, from the molten mass is highlighted so toxic smoke that literally several inhales can cause poisoning incompatible with life.
- Polyfoam (expanded polystyrene) - polymer is not chemically stable. And with long-term operation, under the influence of temperature drops and other external factors, it also begins to allocate substances harmful to the environment - free styrene. These evaporation will not be able to keep the plaster or brick layer, and they will penetrate the room.
- Polyfoam has air permeability, and therefore mice will calmly sear in it. They not only easily thrash this material, but also arrange their nests in it. Especially often it is found when the plates of the foam have a rather large thickness of 70 ÷ 100 mm.
- Polyfoam is not dirty, it is quite quickly destroyed - it begins to crumble. As a result, the material loses its thermal insulation qualities.
Extruded expanded polystyrene is made from the same raw materials as a familiar foam. But with its manufacture, a completely different technology is applied.
The finely small structure of the plates of polystyrene is created due to the melting of polystyrene granules. Foaming and hardening additives are added to the molten mass. As foaming agents are used non-freon compounds.
The advantage of extruded expanded polystyrene can be called its high density. Thanks to this quality, the material is not attractive for mice. Plus, he is impenetrable for steam and air, so rodents do not suit nests in it. Maximum what they can harm him is to glue his edge.
The extruded polystyrene foam has a non-low thermal conductivity coefficient, high compressive strength, has good frost resistance. In addition, the insulation is not subject to biological striking and chemical decomposition therefore it is often used even for the insulation of buildings foundations.
However, as for his flammability is a controversial issue. Manufacturers are positioning polystyrene foam, like a deposit and self-fighting, that is, not supporting burning. The practice shows that he still focuses when exposed to open fire, it is often capable of burning, and just like foam, it allocates toxic smoke. They are trying to fight with it - many materials of this group pass a special processing that increases their fire resistance. But to non-combustible still as far!
Extruded polystyrene - practically zero vapor permeability. And this factor is just on the hand for the insulation of the walls from the inside. That is, the placed layer of plates by itself becomes a good parobararier, and the structure of the material is definitely inside will always be dry, that is, they simply condensed in it. True, it still does not eliminate the need to create a common hermetic vapor barrier under the layer of finishing, or, at least - from hermetic "sealing" of seams between stoves laid on the wall. No less and the requirements for creating an effective ventilation system are required - they are mandatory with any type of internal insulation.
In the construction market, both well-known and completely unfamiliar manufacturers are represented in the construction market. Sometimes you can meet the plates that have no marking at all. It is clear that it is not necessary to expect some guarantees from such materials. Therefore, if the choice is stopped on this insulation, you should give preference to well-known brands.
Penopelex
The most popular in the Russian market can be called extruded polystyrenexes "Penoplex". These are the products of the domestic producer, which manufactures several varieties of material that differ in some characteristics.
The names of the slabs are talking about their purpose - this is a universal material "Comfort", "Roofing", "Fundam" and "Wall". Accordingly, two types of plates are used for the heat insulation of wall surfaces - "comfort" and "wall", performed by plates of "roof", etc.
Polystrax plates (namely, such a conversational name is most often practiced) are produced in a large range of thicknesses - from 20 to 100 mm (20, 30, 30, 50, 60, 80, and 100 mm). Linear dimensions - 1200 × 600 mm. Plates of type "Comfort" can be released in length and 2400 mm.
The main characteristics of the insulating material "Penopelex", indicated by the manufacturer, look like this:
- thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.030 W / (M × K);
- moisture absorption - no more than 0.2 ÷ 0.4% of the total volume;
- vapor permeability - 0.007 ÷ 0.008 mg / (m × h × pa);
- a group of flammability - g2 - g4;
- range of operating temperatures - from -50 to +75 ° C;
- Durability declared by the manufacturer - 50 years.
- "Polyurex C", designed for the heat insulation of the walls. Contains components in its composition - antipyrins that reduce the risk of fire. High thermal insulation properties, minimal moisture absorption, resistance to temperature drops, as well as the grooves provided for compounding plates, make the insulation of the walls of the house with reliable and durable.
- "Polyurex Comfort" is a universal plates, which can be applied in different areas of the structure, ranging from the roof and ending with the foundation. In this regard, it may well be applied to the insulation of the walls of the country house from the inside.
- Polyurex F is designed for the thermal insulation of the foundation. Due to the fact that this insulated building area is in the ground, the plates are manufactured without adding flames. Therefore, it is not recommended to use them for mounting in other areas, as they refer to the combustibility group.
- Polyopleks K "is used to insulate roofing and floors, but may well be used for thermal insulation of wall surfaces.
Perhaps you will be interested in information about what the insulation
"Styrodur"
The plates of the extruded polystyrene foam "Styrodur" are not so popular as Penopelex, although also have decent technical characteristics.
Several species of this thermal insulation material are available on sale - it is 2500 seconds, 2,200 s, 2800 Cs, 3035 Cs, 3035 CN, 4000 CS, 5000 Cs. The difference between the plates primarily is their density and compressive strength. The surface of all stoves is protected by a smooth, more durable layer of material, and Styrodur 2800 C and Styrodur 2800 Cs are equipped with a corrugated coating.
In order for the cohesions of the plates, the cold bridges did not form, various options for connecting locks can be provided on their ends. These plates also differ in each other.
Thanks to its strength characteristics, as well as different locks, this insulation is well suited for the inner insulation of the walls of the house.
| Name characteristics and units of measure | Digital marking of the insulation "Styrodur" | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2500 C. | 2800 C. | 3035 S. | 4000 S. | 5000 S. | |
| Thermal conductivity coefficient in dry state, W / m × to | 0.029 | 0.029 | 0.029 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Density (at least), kg / m³ | 25 | 30 | 33 | 35 | 45 |
| Moisture absorption in 24 hours,% of the volume | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| Compressive strength at 10% of linear deformation (no less) | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
| Surface plates | smooth | riflenny | Smooth or rifle | smooth | smooth |
| Linear sizes of plates, mm | 1250 × 600. | 1250 × 600. | 1265 × 615. | 1265 × 615. | 1265 × 615. |
| Plate thickness, mm | 20,30,40,50,60 | 20,30,40,50,60 | 30,40,50,60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 | 30,40,50,60,80 | 40,50,60 |
| Operating temperature range, with | -180...+75 | ||||
| A combustion group | Г2. | ||||
| Frost resistance | More than 300 cycles | ||||
Plates "Styrodur" are made only in light green color, so they are difficult to confuse with other similar materials. The heat insulator under normal operating conditions is not toxic, the freon is not used in its production. In addition, the material does not have odors, therefore it can be used to insulate the internal surfaces of residential buildings.
Polyurene Foolder
Polyurethan, as an effective insulation, appeared in free access relatively recently, but already managed to prove its reliability in the thermo- and sound insulation of the premises. Polyurethane foam application is made by spraying, for which special equipment is used. The material can be applied to several layers to achieve the necessary thickness of thermal insulation.
The composition applied to the surface, after foaming and polymerization, forms a monolithic layer on it, as the space is expanding and fills. In addition, the ready mass has excellent adhesive abilities, so when spraying, it is firmly fixed almost on any surface of the walls and the ceiling.
This material is used for thermal insulation both internal and outer surfaces, and is particularly well suited for use in regions with low winter temperatures. The thermal conductivity coefficient of polyurethane foam is very low, and is from 0.025 to 0.030 W / m × to. That is, among the insulation under consideration, he is in this indicator an absolute "champion".
Due to the fact that the structure of polyurethane foam decomposes under the influence of ultraviolet, it must be mounted under decorative cladding.
When insulating this material at home from the inside, a frame design is installed on the wall to fasten the facing material. And between her racks and jumpers, the composition is sprayed. After the frosting of the polyurethane deposited on the wall or ceiling, speaking outside the frame of the surplus, formed during its expansion, are cut off.
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Polyurethane foam has a low moisture-absorption index, therefore retains its thermal insulation qualities with any humidity. Parry permeability is practically zero. And since the coating is obtained seamless, solid, you can do without additional vaporizolation.
This material may refer to different fireproof groups - from G1 and even to G4, depending on the additives made to the composition. However, polyurethane foam, as a rule, does not become a focus of the emergence of a fire and by spreading fire. It quickly harbs the inclusion of the oxygen necessary for the combustion of oxygen into its structure. And the gases formed during the thermal decomposition are still not so dangerous as the polystyrene foam.
Excellent material for internal insulation. But special raw materials and equipment are required for its application, the availability of skills in work. And the cost is very high. All this limits its widespread use for such purposes.
Ekwata.
Equata is not all familiar material, so it is not so popular. But it is successfully used for the insulation of residential buildings both from the inside and outside. The main advantage of this insulation is its environmental purity. Equodata made of cellulose fibers, which are processed by boric acid, which protects the material from the occurrence of mold and makes it unattractive for rodents.
Plates are molded from fibers, or an eco-star is on sale and are intended for laying so-called "wet" method - spraying.
The scattering is used and dry, most often this method is used for thermal insulation of horizontal surfaces, such as ceiling overlap or floors in the house. Another method of insulation is to fill the closed space (specially provided cavities) with dry eco-art. For example, in a frame partition, covered on two sides plywood sheets.
The "wet" method of application can be called the optimal option of laying. However, it makes it difficult that this process is the factor that special equipment is required to conduct it. This means that the insulation will have to invite a specialist.
Eco-meat applied by the "wet" method forms a monolithic seamless layer on the surface, which reliably protects the room from the cold. The material retains its thermal insulation qualities throughout the entire life.
If it is planned to produce insulation yourself, then the optimal option will be ready, molded plates. They are installed between the labels of the crates as well as mineral wool, the Muspist. Of course, with internal insulation, this will again require a reliable vapor barrier barrier - the hygroscopicity of EcoWati is considerable.
When mounting with a dry way, both on the horizontal surfaces and when the empty space is filling, the wool can give shrinkage over time. Therefore, conducting insulation, it is necessary to be well seal.
Equata for its flammability refers to the group G1 (weakly combustible material) due to special processing in the production process. When burning cellulose, it does not allocate overly dangerous toxic products for a person.
The market presents several varieties of this material of various manufacturers. For example, it is worth paying attention to the Finnish manufacturer "Termex".
Equata "Termex" comes on sale in packages weighing 13 kg and has the following characteristics:
- thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.040 W / (m × ° C);
- density, depending on application - 35 ÷ 79 kg / m³;
- Soundproofing capabilities at a layer of 25 mm - 9DB.
Ekwata freely misses water vapors, and for external insulation - nothing better and do not come up with. But for the inner - this again becomes a problem that has not been mentioned above. Such a thermal insulation design will require a very reliable vapor barrier. Equodata is a lot of hygroscopicity, and it may be shortly to literally to swell in water, after the time all its insulating qualities.
* * * * * * *
So that the insulation of the country house was high-quality and safe, when choosing a heat-insulating material, it is necessary to carefully examine its characteristics, as well as methods of use with all the nuances. It is recommended to acquire insulation of well-known manufacturers who have long been working on the building materials market and managed to conquer authority.
As we have seen, insulation can be produced in a large thickness range. A layer thickness of polyurethane foam or eco-house can be regulated by an employee. In any case, it is necessary to know what the thickness of the insulation will be guaranteed to cope with the task of reliable thermal insulation of the walls. And this question should also be considered.
What is the thickness of the insulation?
Each of their home owners is able to produce such a heat engineering. Now we "arrange" his understanding of the calculation algorithm and a convenient online calculator.
What is the calculation?
Try to imagine any abstract insulated design. Since we have the topic - wall, then this example and leave.
So, the multilayer design will include the very wall of the house, folded from a particular material. Often, it is often provided for its finish. The same - and on the inside, well, the layer of insulation, the thickness of which is required.
In order for the houses of the house, a comfortable temperature was maintained at any time of the year, all this multilayer design should have a certain total heat transfer resistance. And it consists of resistances of each of the layers.
Here it is appropriate to make a reservation - the external facade finish, organized by the system of the ventilated facade, is never taken into account. It does not introduce the wall in general insulating quality walls.
Where to get the necessary data?
What should be the total resistance, shows its normalized value set by SNiP for each region, taking into account climatic features. This indicator is easy to clarify in any local construction organization. Or, even easier - to determine it at the map-scheme below. In this case, for further calculation, it is necessary to take the meaning of "for walls", which are allocated with purple color.
The thermal resistance of any of the layers is easy to determine - for this, the thickness of the saline (pronounced in meters) must be divided into a table coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material from which this layer is made.
RC \u003d.HC /λC.
RC - thermal resistance of the layer, m² × k / W;
HC. - layer thickness, m;
λC. - thermal conductivity coefficient of material, W / m × K.
It is clear that too thin layers (for example, membranes) take into account the particular sense. But some options for outer and interior decoration are completely capable of influencing the common heat engineering characteristics of the wall structure.
So, if you calculate all the thermal resistance of the layers planned for future arrangement and summing them, it will still be not enough to achieve the normalized value. This is the most "deficit" and should cover the layer of thermal insulation. The difference is known, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation - also, and therefore nothing prevents the need to find the desired thickness:
Well \u003dRy × λY.
Well- the required thickness of the insulation, m;
RY - "shortcomings" of thermal resistance, which is required to be filled with thermal insulation;
λY. - The thermal conductivity coefficient of the selected insulation material.
To simplify the reader as simplify, a special online calculator was drawn up. When calculating, it is possible and not to take into account the insulation qualities of the decoration layers - simply their thickness is left by default zero. And otherwise - everything is simple, and, probably, does not require special additional explanations.
The result will be immediately shown in millimeters - it is more convenient. The resulting value is minimal, and it usually leads to standard thickness of insulating materials, somewhat rounded in a large side.
Themes with the choice and description of the features of a particular type of insulation are well-deserved on our portal. These issues are becoming topical than the higher energy growth and the desire of homeowners to save on heating. Forumhouse has already told about and about that.
Choosing the best insulation for the walls of the house, rightfully, we suggest looking at the nuances of the insulation of a private house a little under a different angle. To do this, consider the following questions:
- Where to start the choice of material.
- What are the types of insulation.
- Is it possible to do without its use.
- Should I use eco-controllers.
- What is missing to modern means and methods of insulation of walls.
We choose the material
The modern market of thermal insulation materials offers a lot of options and species. Conditionally, they can be divided into artificial (created by man) and natural. Artificial belongs: mineral wool (stone and glass) and polystyrene foam insulation (PPS, or foam, EPPS - extrusion polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam), foam glass, sprayed polyurethane foam, eco-water, ceramzit, etc. Natural materials include sawdust, straw, moss, flax, hemp and other vocabulary.
The materials of the second group are most often used by enthusiasts during the construction of environmentally friendly homes.
To determine the type of material, you need to pay attention to the following parameters: the coefficient of thermal conductivity, hygroscopicity, density, combustibility class, efficiency, environmental friendliness, durability. You also need to understand in advance what and how you are going to warm. Those. - Select the scope of material. To do this, ask yourself the question in which structural node should work. To materials that are used with and insulation of the foundation (), i.e. Working in the ground, in conditions of an aggressive environment, certain requirements are imposed. This is the incompetence of moisture, rotting, high compressive strength, heat efficiency, durability.
The main (perhaps even the only one) lack of foams is their flammability (under certain conditions) and limited thermal resistance. In the event of a fire, first of all, interior items (furniture, curtains, etc.) are burning. Therefore, it is necessary to take action in advance to protect the polystyrene foam (in case it is used with internal insulation) from an open source of fire. For this, the foam should be closed with a good layer of concrete or plaster. It is better if the PPS is used in external insulation. It should also be closed with non-combustible material (concrete, plaster), and not used as an element of the ventilated facade!
In civilian house-building, expanded polystyrene foams are widely used for the insulation of foundations and flat roofs (EPPS). Facades of houses as the basis for thin layer plaster, so-called. "Wet facade" (PPP).
- In a number of situations (especially in the field of low-rise house-building), it is necessary to heat the framework structures, where, instead of rigidity, elastic options, mounted by Mosports, are more technologically technologically. Here the most widespread obtained on the basis of stone () or glass fibers - this material combines the high manufacturability of the installation (no special experience and special professional tools are required) with non-combustion (including fire resistance) and low production costs.
When using mineral wool materials, it is necessary to take measures to prevent moisture from entering them. In the case of water from entering the insulation, the "pie" frame design and the steam transparency of the layers should provide excess of excess moisture out. For which pair-and waterproofing films and membranes should be used correctly.
The above methods are far from the only effective version of the insulation of the room.
Alexey Melnikov
To a lesser extent, such insulation methods are now common as: filling (type of screed from polystyrene solution) and flowing options (clay gravel, foam-toll crumb, fightening of fuel-concrete blocks, etc.). Because They, in my opinion, are more appropriate as an additional sound insulation in horizontal structures.
44Alex. User forumhouse.
I would choose perlite to overlap and on the back of the stone walls, but not only under the floor on the ground, because This is an excellent material in terms of price / thermal conductivity / combustibility / environmental / service life.
Recently, the stuffing options for insulation are also gaining popularity. The type of cellulosen-fibrous (the so-called eco-eyewater) or its mineral counterpart. According to Alexey. Melnikova, These materials are advisable to apply for thermal insulation of hard-to-reach places.
Natural materials
It should also be allocated materials based on natural fibers (flax, marine herbs), promoted now under the ideology of eco-construction. By virtue of a limited choice and a weighty price tag, these materials have not yet been widespread.
The main disadvantages of natural materials:
- shrinkage;
- unpredictability of behavior in the long run;
- Exposure to rodents.
We will understand how true it is true.
Russian User forumhouse.
Suddenly, the following experiment was released: in the summer, there was a non-flow from the linen insulation in the corner, a 1.5 meter stack of a height of 1.5 meters. In winter, the pipe of the water pipeline, which took place nearby. They noticed it only in the summer, i.e. The lower layer of flax lay down at least 6 months in the water. And here is the results:
- The material with a thickness of 5 cm under pressure of the upper layers was given only 1 cm;
- Watering material was darkened, and it was left to succumb to the morning. The next morning he restored his shape, i.e. again became 5 cm thick;
- The discontinuous loads also have not changed.
The insulation of flax, after drying, has practically not changed, because the structure of the flax material is fixed by the well-plated lavasan fibers. You can change this structure only when heated to 160-190 ° C or when the flax is destructed. And Luck, as is well known, is still used in sanitary work when sealing pipes of the water supply.
Abroad has accumulated extensive experience in using this material. The mouse does not eat it, they pave the passages and make their homes. To avoid this, appropriate measures are applied - in the form of a fine steel mesh installation, etc.
SCM User forumhouse.
I believe that the use of sawdust is a very eco-friendly method of insulation. The main thing is to comply with technology. Fall asleep the sawdusts are better than layers, with a thorough rubbing of each layer with a cutlets from the shovel.
Both of industrial manufacturing materials and "folk", there are pros and cons. "Commercial" materials are a ready-made product, with well-known properties and a certain installation technology, observing which one can be confident in the final result. Ecopettels are more experiment, with a possible lower cost (sawdust) when installing will have to sweat. The construction itself can stretch over time. Again, it is impossible to guarantee a 100% end result, because We have yet accumulated a little experience of using such materials in different climatic zones.
On the basis of the foregoing, it can be concluded: any material has the right to life. It all depends on the area of \u200b\u200bits use, the prevalence of a type of material in a particular area, its prices, heat engineering characteristics, etc. Hence: Choosing the insulation, first of all, it is necessary to repel from the economic calculation and the feasibility of its use in the long run.
You should also verify your tasks with our questionnaire:
- where the material will be used;
- why he is needed;
- what kind of design need to be inspired.
Possturing such questions, you carene what material is suitable specifically for your case and specifically for your building.
Is there a universal insulation
If you dream and imagine the "ideal" insulation, with a set of universal properties, it will be the material, the various characteristics of which will not be stable - they must change flexible depending on the operating conditions. In one situation, the material needs strength, high density, rigidity, clear geometry, elevated moisture resistance. In other conditions, it requires steam transparency, low density (it means that it will not work "in the ground"), workability in hard-to-reach places, flexibility, good environmental friendliness. With all this, an important price remains for the wide masses. Requires mutually exclusive requirements. So it is hardly worth chasing some special and new materials.
From our videos you will learn
To achieve optimal efficiency in the energy saving of the house, having even a super-modern heating system, but, without resorting to the insulation of the outer walls, is quite difficult. It is experimentally established that about 30% Heat leaves through the lavety walls. The best way out of this situation is one is the insulation of the walls of the house outside. Thus, with the help of special materials with a minimum thermal conductivity coefficient, wall protection from external influences increases. Warming outside creates a kind of barrier between the raw and cold atmosphere of the street and the microclimate inside the housing. However, the success of this process will be directly dependent on a properly selected insulation.
Types of materials for insulation of walls outside
Most often at home outside insulate such types of materials:
- It has a low thermal conductivity. 90% consists of air and 10% of polymers. It is easy to install and is quite cheap.
Mineral wool - heat insulating material, which is made from metallurgical slags and silicates. Unlike glass gamble, working with it is safe.
- Does not require structures of frame structures. All work is carried out only by professionals, as work with insulation requires certain skills.
- The new formula of the insulation of the walls, which is better and more efficient to keep warm. It has a small-hand structure due to extrusion. It has high thermal insulation characteristics.
Even for insulation, heat drivers, polystyrene foam, liquid ceramic materials, cellulose, etc. are used. However, these insulation are not used as often as the above. Therefore, we will focus on the consideration of the main insulation for the walls.
Mineral wool
Mineral (basalt, stone) wool is a fibrous structure insulation, which is similar to the natural material of basalt. This insulation is made of alloys of volcanic rocks at a very high temperature. Such a wool is completely fireproof and does not affect the influence of fire.
Advantages of mineral wool:
The thermal insulation characteristics are very high due to porous fiber qualities. The material perfectly holds heat, and in the summer does not allow heat into the house.
Sound insulation qualities of basalt wool are high, thanks to the chaotic plexus of basalt fibers, which delays sound waves.
Long service life. One day insteading the walls of your home mineral wool, you can no longer worry about thermal insulation.
High tightness throughout the life.
Mineral wool is an absolutely ecological insulation of the wall, which does not represent danger or for people or environmental. Mounting mineral wool on the facade and walls take place in several stages:
Preparation of walls at home outside.
Putting over the wall of the layer of a vapor-permeable membrane.
Fastening wooden plates or profiles to the walls.
Putting heat insulating mats.
On top of the insulation, another layer of film is stretched.
The device of the ventilating facade of the house outside.
And at the finish stage, new slopes, window sills and decoration elements due to the increase in wall thickness are installed.
The cost of such a insulation of the house varies from 100 to 400 rubles per m².
Polyfoam is very often used for insulation of walls outside. After all, the indicators of thermal conductivity is lower than that of mineral wool - 0.032-0.038 W / m * to and slightly inferior to extruded polystyrene foam.
Such a heater has a multitude of advantages:
Excellent sound insulation of walls;
A small weight that does not enhance the load on the building;
Simplicity and ease of installation.
Installation of foam plastic on the walls of the house passes as follows:
Facade preparation.
Installing the starting profile.
Application of adhesive composition on insulation.
The fitting of foam plates on the walls of the house.
Fastening sheets with dowel fasteners.
Installation of gain elements.
Subsequent reinforcement.
Apply the decorative protective layer on the wall.
Giving a facade of texture.
The cost of such a heater is available - about 50 rubles per m²
This material for the insulation of the walls of the house outside is one of the species of plastics. It has a cellular foam structure and on 90% consists of a gaseous substance. The remaining volume is the walls of the cells.
Polyurethane foam in conservation
Thermal insulation and properties of polyurethane foam:
The thermal conductivity of the material lies within 0.018 to 0.035 W / m * k, which is better than mineral wool.
Perfectly absorbs the noise and delay the sounds.
Resistant to aggressive chemicals.
Has low moisture permeable properties.
The service life of polyurethane foam reaches 30 years. This material is absolutely environmentally safe.
The insulation of the walls of the house with the help of this thermal insulation material takes place in such a sequence:
Preparation of walls.
Application insulation.
Reinforcement to improve thermal insulation.
Finishing work.
The cost of polyurethane foam is calculated, based on the size of the wall, which must be insulated. For example, it is necessary to make thermal insulation of the facade to 50 square meters. m. It will cost 300 rubles per m².
Extruded Penoplex is an innovative development that is designed to save energy resources.
Advantages of insulation Penoplex:
The lowest thermal conductivity indicators than that of all the above materials.
Can withstand heavy loads.
It has a long service life - more than 40 years.
Today, more and more household owners give preference to foaming due to its high performance. How is the process of installing insulation:
Preparatory work on the walls.
Installation of profiles.
Application of glue on the insulation plates.
Punching fox.
Fastening with dowels.
Finish finish outside.
The cost of such a material varies from 300 to 400 rubles per m².
Features of the insulation for the house
It is worth noting that the process of mounting the insulation of any kind may differ depending on which house is built from the house itself. Walls made of logs, for example, do not require the creation of the air layer between the layers of thermal insulation and the outer surface of the walls. After insulation, the house of the tree almost always prefers the ventilated facade, which provides air circulation. Sometimes it is lined with boards, clapboard or installed the facade tiles. The insulation of the walls of the house, made of bricks and panel blocks, is carried out by a similar, standard principle.
Read about the following stages of construction:
Read about previous construction stages:
The most important condition for a comfortable stay in his own house at any time of the year and with the minimum possible costs of energy used for the needs of heating and air conditioning, which are reliable Moreover Almost all sections of the building should be warm. It is not an exception and roof, which, by the way, not always remember inexperienced beginners developers.
If you look at the percentage of the heat loss of any building that does not have due thermal insulation, it is clear that the "lion's share" of them accounts for the attic overlap and the roof. The specificity of this section of the general construction of the house imposes special requirements for materials used for its insulation. Let's try to figure it out in this matter to help the reader eliminate possible errors and make the right choice. So, the insulation for the roof is better?
The need for insulation roofing
First of all, it is necessary to dispel doubts about the need for insulation of the roof. From that and begin.
The limited area of \u200b\u200bthe area under the construction of the house, and just considerations of the most efficient construction with the lowest possible costs, often their hosts are useful to use the attic room. At our time are very popular in our time, the attic "floors" when the attic turns into a full-fledged residential premises, according to the degree of convenience and comfort, not different from the rest of the rooms. You can place in the attic and utility room, for example, a warm storage room, an office study or workshop.
It is clear that with this approach to the useful use of the attic room, no doubt occurs in the roof insulation. Whatever the type of roofing is elected - none of them will give the required protection against winter cold. And in a hot summer period, the roofing rods are heated to the sun, that staying on a laptile attic becomes not the fact that uncomfortable, but even at all intolerable from heat. This, too, by the way, never should be discounted - insulation, but to say correctly - thermal insulation of the roof helps to provide an optimal microclimate in the attic room at any time of the year.
And what about those who in the near future plans do not mean the re-equipment of the attic to a useful room? Maybe limit to only high-quality thermal insulation of the attic overlap?
How is the attic overlap?
The ceiling of the room bordering on top with a unheated and disgraced attic becomes not a "bridge", but a whole "highway" for heat losses. It is eliminated by the performance of a whole complex of thermal insulation work. - Read in a special publication of our portal.
Of course, it can be limited to that. But it will be better to listen to the arguments in favor of the insulation of the roofing rods, let it be due, of course, with additional expenses:
- All parts of the rafter system and the internal arrangement of the attic room will be protected from destructive action of temperature drops and humidity. Therefore, it will increase the durability of the entire design of the roof as a whole.
- Energy efficiency increases sharply, if we consider it across the entire structure. That is, the insulation of the roof, even with high-quality thermal insulation of the attic overlap, will still contribute to the "lept" in achieving the most comfortable conditions at minimal costs from the external energy source.
- Most modern insulating materials have the ability to effectively absorb sound oscillations. The instended roof rates will not become "resonators" with a strong rain or debris. This is especially true for roofing materials, traditionally considered "noisy" - metal or slate.
- Finally, that today seems unnecessary or temporarily unfulfilled, can turn into an urgent need for the future. It is understood that the emerging circumstances can lead the hosts of the house to the thoughts on the need to expand the useful area due to the attic room. It is better to have a warm attic at once, the subsequently to do this "from scratch", which often can be associated with the alteration or replacement of individual elements of the rafter system, which have already experienced a long negative impact of external factors. Sometimes such works cannot be carried out without temporary removal of roofing. In short, it will be much more expensive. So it makes sense to think in advance in advance.
Criteria that must match the roof insulation
To make the right choice, you need to know the criteria for which this material should be assessed. These criteria are a lot, and should immediately notice that any insulation does not correspond to all of them. So it is often often faced with a choice, which of the advantages to give preference.
So, the "ideal" material for the thermal insulation of the roof is the one that meets all the following requirements:
- Of course, the top position should be made by thermal insulation qualities. Material must have low thermal conductivity, that is, to create in specific conditions of use as possible heat transfer resistance. This indicator can be estimated by looking at the coefficient of thermal conductivity, which is necessarily indicated in the list of thermally insulation characteristics. For insulation of the roof, where they are not particularly "running" with a thickness of insulation and a mass of thermal insulation design, they try to apply materials with a thermal conductivity coefficient of not more than 0.05 W / m × s °. And than this figure is less - the better.
- On the second place, it is possible to put the density of the material. No one needs extra overload of the rafter system. So the smaller the insulating layer, the better, will be messenger than to create comfortable conditions.
- The trouble of many insulating materials is unnecessarily large hygroscopicity, that is, the property is beaten with moisture literally from the air. And the convergence always leads at least a loss of thermal insulation qualities. So, ideally, the insulation must have a minimum moisture absorption, and even better - pronounced hydrophobicity. This is especially important in the conditions of the roof, where without the impact of moisture does not do.
- Insulation must maintain its qualities in a wide range of temperatures. That is, thermal insulation should "work well" equally and with extreme frosts, and in the peak of summer heat.
- The most important quality of the material, especially used for the insulation of the roof, is indicators of fire safety. It concerns the resistance to fire, the ability to become a spreader of the flame, smoke formation, Toxicity of combustion products. The perfect material is seen completely non-flammableBut, alas, in this matter, very many insulation are not all safely.
- The stability of the material, that is, its durability in real operating conditions. The ideal insulation should not change forms and volume, to be resistant to chemical or biological decay, spontaneous or due to the external negative influence of a type or other type.
- The insulation should not serve as a nutrient medium for microorganisms, not to be an attractive place for insect nests, birds, mice. And this, by the way, is also very difficult to resolve the problem.
- Thermal insulation material during operation should not be dangerous in terms of highlighting harmful evaporation, other environmental pollution.
- For those who are going to carry out thermal insulating work on their own, understandability and simplicity of work with a material that does not require excessive effort, special experience, special equipment.
- Finally, the criterion for any building material, including for insulation, has also remained pricing.
As you can see, the criteria for assessing the quality of thermal insulation materials are a lot. And now we will begin to "try on" them to insulation, which are suitable for thermal insulation of the pitched roof.
What insulation can be considered for the roof the best?
In this publication, it is basically the most common in private construction scope roof. The plane roofs have their own specifics of thermal insulation, and materials used for this purpose can be different. Thus, bulk insulation, special building solutions with special filling, mineral wool hypers and other materials are widely used. This question requires a separate detailed consideration, therefore will be omitted in this article.
And for pitched roofs, where on The insulation itself will not be significant mechanical exposure, they are still trying to apply materials with a small specific mass. They can be divided into three groups:
- Heaters with fiber structure.
- Tight insulation with a gas-filled porous structure.
- Spray insulation.
These groups are also inhomogeneous - materials can differ significantly in the basic composition, and on operational characteristics.
Insulation materials with fiber structure
In general, this group of materials is one thing - they all represent the weave of thin fibers, due to which a layer of immobilized air prisoner is created. And this, in turn, becomes a thermal insulation layer. But the initial materials for the production of fibers may have serious differences, up to their "nature" - mineral or organic. The first includes all varieties of mineral wool, to the second subcategory - Equata on a cellulosic basis.
Mineral wool
For thermal insulation of building structures in residential buildings, two types of mineral wool are used. In the first of them, the fibers are formed from the melt of quartz glass, in the second - the raw materials for production are the rocks of the basalt group. Hence the names - glass gamble and stone (basalt) wool.
There is another type of minvati - it is made of waste of metallurgical enterprises, slags. But in residential construction, she did not receive distribution, as he loses in insulating qualities, and in durability. Yes and in terms of environmental safety It is also not all right. In a word, to detain its attention on it - there is no particular sense.
Prices for mineral wool
mineral wool
But to the glass gamble and to the basalt car should be closed more closely.
Mineral wool based on glass fibers
For the production of glass gamblers, glass battle and peeled quartz sand is used as raw materials. After the melt mass in the furnaces, thin fibers are pulled out of it from it, which are then compressed into "carpets" using binding additives. At the final stage of production, cutting into blocks or mats established by the standard size.
The production process has long been worked out, the lack of raw materials is also not felt, and therefore the cost of glass gamble - from the discharge is quite affordable, which predetermines its wide popularity. Inlet shape - blocks (slabs), mats in rolls and recently also practiced plates in rolls in rolls.
TO dignity m glassic can be attributed to the following:
- The specific mass of the insulation is small, and therefore its laying does not require large physical effort, and the thermal insulation system does not have a significant load on the roof design.
- Blocks or mats glass gambles have good elasticity. That is, they can be laid in space, slightly smaller in size - after straightening it is quite tightly adjacent to each other, and to enclosing items (in this case, most often - to the rafter feet).
- The same quality allows you to significantly reduce the volume of the material when it is packaged on the production line. Such a property allows you to reduce the overhead of transportation of the insulation. And after removing the package, blocks or mats, expanding, take the specified dimensions.
- Flexible material, that is, it can be used without additional cutting into smaller fragments for thermal insulation of complex, for example, curvilinear or broken areas.
However, there are glass gamble and certain limitations , which cannot be forgotten about:
- Such a heater has pretty high hygroscopicity. It became, when using it, special attention is paid to the creation of a reliable vapor barrier barrier by the attic, and the possibility of free evaporation of moisture - from the roof side. Otherwise, the insulation quickly mests and lose all its thermal insulation qualities.
- Glass fibers are distinguished by rather high lone. This means that vibrating impacts are completely contraindicated on glass. Small broken particles of fibers become a serious irritant for the skin, eye and mucous membranes of respiratory organs, that is, thermal insulation works should be carried out in compliance with special protection measures. It is necessary to consider measures to completely eliminate the possibility of falling out of these particles into the atmosphere of the residential area of \u200b\u200bthe house, since they become the cause of allergic reactions.
- Emissions of formaldehydes, which are part of binders, is also one of the disadvantages of the material. But this is more typical of the cheap insulation of unknown brands (or even any trademark that does not even have any trademark - it also happens!) The leading manufacturers are trying to negate the emission indicators, and many modern types of glass gambles have tolerance not only in residential and public spaces. , but even in educational and medical institutions.
About the "Brandness" glass whales can add a few more words. The fact is that the construction market is filled with inexpensive materials of very dubious origin. In the production of similar glass gambles, or outdated technologies are used, or the process of technological control is generally completely absent. Such mats are distinguished by high fiber fragility and a strong shrinkage, and glass gamble literally in a few years can turn into a duch. Naturally, no matter what quality of thermal insulation of the roof here and speech can not be. So the pursuit of cheapness often turns into considerable additional expenses.
If it is decided to use glass gamble for insulation, it is worth paying attention to high-quality products, such as "URSA" or "ISOVER".
For example, let's look at the insulation from the line « URSA.Geo ». For insulation, the roof is suitable from this row "A private house", "M -11" and "Scope Roof"whose name speaks for itself.
The basis of all these materials is fiberglass with the addition of special mineral components that reduce the disadvantages characteristic of glass gambles. Products of this series are considered completely safe for both human and environmental.
The products of URSA characterize a number of special advantages:
- material refers to the group absolutely nonsense insulation. Not only is the insulation, he does not ignore himself - he is able to become a barrier on the way of spreading the flame.
- The technologists of the company managed to reduce the emission of binding organic compounds to such a low indicator that it can not be taken into account at all - it does not affect the purity of the air in the premises.
- Thanks to special mineral additives that are a technological secret of the company, glass fibers have obtained additional elasticity, that is, it was possible to reduce their characteristic fragility.
- In many types of thermal insulation, URSA Geo, in particular, in the "scope roof", uses an interesting technology "URSA Spannfilz". Literally this expression can be translated as "elastic felt". The special structure of the fiber plate gives it an increased elasticity, and the insulation blocks are very well up to the versius between the rafters, which makes it possible to do even without additional attachment. And tight fit excludes the formation of voids, unfilled insulation.
- Insulation are manufactured in a very convenient for laying form. For example, the material "scope roof" is a slab in a roll, which significantly simplifies the cutting into the desired size, if there is such a need.
- The manufacturer guarantees a long period of properly laid thermal insulation without losing their insulation, without shrinkage and destructuring - Not less than 50 years old.
The main characteristics of the fiberglass insulation of the "URSA Geo" line, perfectly serving for thermal insulation of the pitched roof, are shown in the table.
| A private house | M-11. | Scope roof | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity, W / m × ° C | 0,045 | 0,044 | 0,040 |
| Parry permeability, mg / m × h × pa | 0,65 | 0,64 | 0,64 |
| Fire safety class | Km 0. | Km 0. | Km 0. |
| A combustion group | NG | NG | NG |
| Operating temperature range, ° C | 60 ÷ + 220 | 60 ÷ + 220 | 60 ÷ + 220 |
| Water absorption in 24 hours, kg / m², no more | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Form release | mats in roll | mats in roll | plates in roll |
| Dimensional parameters, mm | |||
| - Length | 8350 | 7000; 9000; 10000 | 3900; 3000 |
| - Width | 1200 | 1200 | 1200 |
| - Thickness | 50 | 50; 10 | 150;200 |
| approximate cost | 1100 rub / m³ | roll 1200 × 10000 × 50 mm - 1220 rub. | 980 rub. with a thickness of 150 mm; 1070 rub. With a thickness of 200 mm. |
Mineral wool on basalt basis
Fibers obtained from melt rocks gabbro-basaltova Groups, have a number of advantages over glass. They become thinner and long, they are more expressed elasticity, much less fragility. All this gives mineral wool on such a basis higher performance. All the advantages inherent in glass gamble are peculiar and basalt, and there is also a number of advantages.
Prices for basalt wool
basalt Vata.
It is even visually noticeable that high-quality basalt wool has a pronounced uniform structure, it is attached to clear geometric forms. With such a insulation, it is much easier to work - neglect the means of protecting the skin and respiratory organs, of course, it is still not worth it, but such strong irritation, like glass gamble, it does not cause.
It is better at basalt wool and with hygroscopicity - special treatment sharply reduces moisture absorption, and some manufacturers have properties close to hydrophobicity at all. But it still does not give reason to abandon vaporizolation. Parry permeability - on top, that is, when creating the necessary conditions, even penetrating accidentally in the moisture material will easily evaporate through the ventilation gaps of the roofing cake.
Products of famous brands are not bad, and with indicators of formaldehyde emissions - insulation have sanitary certificates with adequate use in any residential premises. By the way, the presence of a copy of such a certificate will never be worth checking when purchasing any insulation material.
Basalt wool plates are extremely convenient in laying - and due to accurate "geometry", and due to pronounced elasticity. And besides, manufacturers also provide other "chips". So, for example, the "Rockwool Light Batts Skandik" plates from the builders have "spring-loaded" in special technology edge, which ensures their accurate and reliable fixation on the installation site - between rafters, beams,
Excellent solution for insulation roof - Plates "Rockwool Light Batts Scandik" with a spring edge zone, which makes the installation simple and very reliable Significant flaws from basalt wool (if it comes to really high-quality products of famous brands) - a little. Perhaps this can be attributed only to the higher value of the material.
The range of basalt insulation is quite wide. Along with the "heavyweights" in this area of \u200b\u200bproduction, companies "Rockwool", "Paroc", "Technonikol", quite worthy products offer firms "Basvul", "Izobel", "Isoov" and others. Before the acquisition, it makes sense to familiarize himself with the brand - with trustworthy companies necessarily have informative internet portalsAnd in Russia, a network of representative offices is organized.
As an example, to familiarize yourself with physico-operational characteristics, you can take the above mentioned above the "Rockwool Light Batts" insulation. By the way, another advantage is that when packing in production, it shrinks more than twice the vacuum technology. But when removing the packaging, the plates take the specified dimensions without any loss of its operational qualities.
| Name of the main operational parameters of the material | Indicators |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity (W / m × ° C): | 0,039 |
| Specific weight (kg / m³) | 30 |
| A combustion group | NG |
| Fire safety class | Km 0. |
| Vapor permeability (mg / (m × h × pa), not less | 0.03 |
| Moisture absorption with partial immersion | no more than 1 kg / m² |
| Dimensions | 800 × 600 mm (XL plates - 1200 × 600 mm) |
| thickness | 50 or 100 mm (XL plates - 100 and 150 mm) |
| approximate cost | - with a thickness of 50 mm - 145 rubles / m² - 100 mm - 285 rubles / m² - 150 mm - 430 rubles / m² |
The service life of such thermal insulation is estimated at least than 50 years.
Fiber Heater on Organic Based - Equata
This insulation appeared in broad use not so long ago, and even unknown. Meanwhile, it shows very good thermal insulation qualities.
The basis for making EcoWhat is ordinary cellulose fibers obtained from waste woodworking, paper and other duck raw materials. The total content of cellulose in the composition of this insulation comes to 80 ÷ 85 percent. The rest are additives that provide the biological durability of the material (boric acid) and special anti-spires that increase the stability of cellulose to fire.
The heat engineering indicators are equated - very decent: the thermal conductivity coefficient is located about in the range from 0.038 to 0.043 W / m × ° FROM, that is, quite compare with mineral wools.
The material is famous for its environmental cleanliness (hence its name), and the antiseptic treatment reliably protects it from the debate and rotting, from the damage to the pathogenic microflora. Equoca do not make rodent nests and insects.
According to the degree of flammability, the material refers to the group G 2 is a weakly important, self-fighting. Combustion products do not contain toxic substances, which is peculiar, for example, synthetic insulation.
Ekwata is rather hygroscopic, so questions of reliable hydro and vaporizolation will be thought out definitely. But due to the capillary structure of natural fibers, the moisture is also easy and evaporates from the material without disturbing its qualities. Interestingly, in this way, the insulation of the eco-insulation is capable of "automatically" to maintain an optimal humidity balance in the room.
Prices for Equouthatu
Ecostat is laid according to the "dry" and "wet" technology. But the application of the "wet" way, that is, by spraying, is not particularly justified on the roofing rods, having a negative slope from the attic - too much waste. Therefore, most often this insulation is fascinated in cavities, which are created using vapor insulation membranes or inner lining of the attic room.
Warming of the roofing of the roof of an eco-way - the material with the help of a special installation is blown in the created cavities The density of the insulation layer, depending on the method of applying, is from 40 to 75 kg / m³.
TO disadvantages Such a warmer can be attributed to the following:
- Even the "dry method" of installation of EcoWati (with the exception of overlapping insulation) requires a special installation. In addition, for high-quality execution of such works, well-developed skills are needed.
- The process of laying is an eco-house - in any case it turns out very dusty. Without personal protection, it is impossible to start it.
Eco-out costs lies between 20 to 35 rubles per kilogram. Usually she comes on sale in hermetic Polyethylene bags, packaged at 15 or 20 kilograms.
It seems to be not so much. But if you familiarize yourself with the pricears of the manufacturers or implementers of such a heater, it can be seen that even about the same amount to give and for the execution of laying. And without special equipment - it is extremely difficult to do it. This is perhaps the most important "minus" of such thermal insulation.
Sprayed insulation
One of the most effective ways of insulation of the roof is a spraying of foam insulation from the back side of the roofing rods. With this approach, the thermal insulating layer becomes almost seamless, that is, without leaving the bridges of the cold.
There are several types of similar materials. But the "to ideal" is closer to all the criteria for thermal insulation, polyurethane foam is approaching.
Perhaps the most reliable and effective way to heat insulation of the pitched roof - spraying polyurethane foam The thermal conductivity coefficient of PPU is very low, is estimated less than 0.03 W / m × ° C. Material shows excellent adhesion with almost all surfaces. The closed cell makes a layer of insulation with a steamproof, that is, in some cases, it is possible to do without additional costs for vapor barrier.
However, all the merits of the material are combined with a rather high price for it. Moreover, polyurethane foam is synthesized directly at the place of work from two source components, for which special installations apply. That is, "lovers of independent creativity", one way or another, will have to resort to the call of the brigade. And this is also worth a lot of money.
There is, however, a reservation - disposable mini-installations for spraying PPU have recently appeared in construction stores. However, the price of them is not lower than the cost of services of professionals.
If you look at the prices of construction companies in the Central Region of Russia, then the cost of spraying polyurethane foam 100 mm thick on an area of \u200b\u200b1 m² ranges from 1100 to 1400 rubles, depending on the manufacturer of the original components. Agree, very expensive.
We can talk about polyurethane foam for a long time, but limited to the above brief information. The fact is that on our portal such a type of insulation is given a special publication. In it, by the way, it is also described about another type of frozen insulation - foamizole, which can also be used for roof thermal insulation.
Prices for polyurethane foam
polyurene Foolder
Special technology thermal insulation - foaming insulation
All other insulation materials are distinguished by all other insulating materials, primarily a special application technology. On the advantages and disadvantages and the features of working with them - read in the special article of our portal.
Rigid insulating plates on a synthetic basis
Polystyrene-based materials
This group of insulation can be attributed to all familiar white foam and extruded polystyrene foam. Despite the relatives of the chemical composition, the difference in the operational qualities of these materials is very large.
- Let's start with foamflast. And here I immediately express a categorical judgment with which, perhaps, some will not agree. Nevertheless, it is extremely undesirable to use foam for thermal insulation of the roof.
There are no words - the foam blows up with a low price, quite decent heat insulating characteristics, easy, ease of installation. What else to wish?
But let's look more closely on his shortcomings:
- Production of polyfoam is a rather simple process that does not require ultrasound equipment. And they are engaged in this case everywhere, very often without fulfilling any technical requirements. So talk about some quality standards - just ridiculous.
- The most important lack of foam - its flammability. And this material not only spreads the flame very well, but also distinguishes deadly toxic substances during combustion. Literally a few breaths - and the person gets the most powerful poisoning, leading to the saddest consequences. The statistics of the tragedy on a fire shows that when the expansion of expanded polystyrene is chances to survive in humans, even with a very big fire - a little. Is it worth laying such a "bomb" on such a vulnerable area of \u200b\u200ba building of a building like a roof?
Prices on PIR Plates
The main component of such plates is Polyureozoanurate (abbreviated - PIR). It is a gas-filled rigid structure with insulated cells.
Thanks to the special production technology and the specifics of the polymer itself, insulating plates are considered yet unsurpassed By its thermal insulation qualities. So, the manufacturer declares a completely fantastic thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.022 W / m × ° FROM! In fact, in real conditions, it may, of course, and more, but even 0.025 is a very good indicator.
Material is characterized by high mechanical strength - up to 120 kPa at 10% deformation. At the same time, the density of the slabs does not go beyond 40 kg / m³
Wide temperature range of operation: from - 70 to + 110 ° C.
Practically complete hydrophobicity - a closed cell does not make moisture penetrate inside.
PIR-plates can be coated with foil, which gives them additional privacy from moisture. Other types of coatings are also practiced.
Many plates models have comfortable groove-grained lock connections that allow large seamless coating area.
One of the "pioneers" in the production of such thermal insulation was the Russian company Tekhnonikol. In its assortment row - plates for the insulation of any sections of the building, including - and for the roof. At the same time, the company offers and ready-made solutions - sets of materials for thermal insulation of the roof between rafters, under them and on top of them - by choosing the consumer.
Standard sizes are 600 × 1200 mm. Thickness is chosen according to the need - in the range of a row of a plate with a thickness of 25 to 150 mm.
There is no doubt - in such thermal insulation materials a great future. But so far they have not received widespread - just because of the high cost. So, depending on the specific type, from the type of external coating and from the thickness of the plates, the price of them varies from 11 to 15 thousand rubles per cubic meter.
Tekhnonikol is not the only firm who has mastered the release of these innovative materials. Look a video about the insulation of the pitched roofing PIR-plates of the company " Pirrogroup.
Video: Insulation of the roofing of the roofing of innovative thermal insulation - PirROGroup PIR-plates
Appendix: How to determine which thickness of insulation will need?
If certainty appeared with the choice of insulation, the question will inevitably arise - and which thickness of thermal insulation should be made to ensure comfortable conditions in the attic room. It will be necessary to make a small calculation, and in this a convenient online calculator will help us.
The calculation is not particularly complicated. The algorithm is based on the fact that the thermal insulation system created must create a total resistance to heat transfer non-mea than established by the norms for a particular region, taking into account its climatic features. You can learn normalized thermal resistance by the accompanying map scheme. Please note - in this case you are interested in red numbers - for coatings. This figure in Troika is always the biggest.
The second value required for the calculation is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation material. The performance of these calculator has already been made to the calculator database. coefficients for insulation, about which There was a speech in this publication.
If desired, you can also take into account the lining of the attic room, if it is solid. Such material materials also have certain thermal insulation qualities. And it can give although not very large, but still a decrease in the required thickness of the insulation. However, this item is optional, and if the trim is taken into the calculation, it will not be possible - just leave the value of its default thickness - 0 mm.
The final result will be shown in millimeters. It will only be left to lead to the standard thicknesses of the selected insulation, with rounding to the biggest side. For example, it turned out 132 mm. You can apply a two-layer insulation with plates with a thickness of 100 and 40 mm, or use the plates with a thickness of 150 mm. Here you can already choose for reasons of the efficiency of one or another possible option and on the planned scheme of installation of insulation.
For heat at home, it is necessary not only to make competent heating, but also insulate the house. The main thing is the insulation of the roof. In our article we will present a rating of the top 10 of the best insulation for the roof! Reviews, addresses of companies, comparison of the basics of all Tom read below.
What are the insulation for the roof?
The modern market provides a huge selection of various heaters for the roof. Consider the main of them:
- Basalt Wat. - A new enough, high-tech, reliable and durable material for the insulation of the roof. The insulation of basalt rocks is made. Wat consists of the finest fibers with a thickness of up to 5 millimeters, which are intertwined with each other. Such fibers have water-repellent properties, hence the wool will not wet. This kind of insulation is designed for temperature up to + 750 degrees Celsius, it is not subjected to destruction and retains its form. Basalt wool allows you to maintain a comfortable room in the room at any time of the year.
- Fiberglass To date, the most affordable roofing insulation. Its structure is similar to the structure of basalt wool, only consists of this insulation not from basalt fibers, but from sand, which melt at a certain temperature and is formed into fibers. When purchasing such a heater, it is necessary to pay attention to thermal conductivity, water-repellent properties and density.
- Polystyrene foam(Styrofoam). Lightweight and comfortable in laying foam is used in the insulation of any kind of roofs. Polystyrene foam does not wet, does not rot, and does not waste the roof design, however, there is a significant drawback - flammable material. When working with this material, it is necessary to take care of compliance with fire standards.
- Extruded expanded polystyrene foam. The complete absence of water absorption allows the use of material for all types of roofs, including inversion roofs. Such material is easily fit and does not waste the roof design.
- Polyester fiber It differs from all modern insulation with their eco-friendly composition. The technology of manufacturing such a insulation is identical to the technology of making clothes and similar products, with which the person contacts. The insulation of polyester fiber is nonwoven insulating material with good operational qualities, which allows you to significantly save funds.
Comparative table base
When choosing the insulation, the question immediately arises: what is the insulation for the roof better? The price is different, as well as indicators. Compare the main types of insulation in the comparative table below.
2 best basalt insulation
Basalt insulation, providing heat and sound insulation. Ideal for insulation of any kind of roof of the frame structure of houses. The insulation is sold in packing in the form of plates of 8 pieces in the package and is absolutely safe and non-combustible.
Price: 225 rubles.
heater Hotrock Smart.
- convenient in stacking;
- it has excellent sound insulation.
- it is harmful to breathing (additional use of vapor barrier).
Used this insulation on its attic roof. Excellent sound insulation, home warm and cozy. Stasing the material was easy and simple and did not even have to hire people for these purposes, cope with their own.