Bright representative of evergreen coniferous trees Included in the family of order pine. Cedar Sibirsky (Lat. Pínus Sibírica) also known called "Pine Cedar Siberian". Culture is widespread in the territory of Eastern and Western Siberia.. Distinctive trait The coniferous tree is a massive, multi-tiered crown with large branches. The mutual structure (a special location of the branches, in which several leaves depart from each escape) makes the plant particularly attractive. The slow development of culture is caused by a small period of vegetative growth - only 45 days a year. For favorable conditions Pine lives up to 800 years. An adult representative often reaches about 40 meters long. There are cases when the diameter of the Siberian cedar was more than 3 meters. You can not be afraid to grow a cumbersome, a giant tree at home. The breeders are derived no less useful darling subspecies of culture.
For cultivation at home, low-spirited sibirsky cedar varieties are displayed.
There are several reasons for growing a coniferous tree at home:
- Special decorativeness of evergreen culture.
- Nutritious and useful fruits.
- Therapeutic effect of nuts and needles.
Location
The tree has a very branched crown. Therefore, you should choose a free spacious area zone.
The minimum distance between green plantings should be at least six meters. From the foundation of buildings, it is necessary to retreat 3 meters. Dwarf representatives can be planted a little closer.
Optimal lighting
Pine Siberian cedar prefers a bright illuminated area. Young representatives can exceed half-directed sections. Plant - frost-resistant and not demanding on microclimatic conditions.
Polishing rules
Cedar Siberian Pine applies to moisture-loving cultures. AT summer season The tree absorbs a lot of moisture. Therefore, in the hot months it is necessary to water the plant regularly as the soil drying.
In the fall, during the preparation for the rest phase, watering should be reduced. You can see the slowdown in the drainage of the earth coma.
AT winter The rest of the plant planted in the container practically does not need watering. Ground grace in the container can dry from low humidity level. Trees consume moisture from the soil in very small quantities.
Cedar Sibirsky is a moisture culture. But excessive moisturizing soil or stagnation will destroy pine.
Excessive soil moisturizing can destroy the plant.
Cedar pine in winter
The absence of the rest stage leads to a slowdown in growth in the next growing season. Therefore, for several months a year, it is necessary to ensure the coniferous representative of the cooler climatic conditions.
Siberian cedar, landed in the container, can be transferred to glazed loggia., cellar, veranda or winter Garden. It should be poured only as needed. With the onset of spring heat, it is necessary to gradually move the vase to the sunny place.
How to transplant cedar Siberian
Transplanting seedlings with a closed root system for constant time follows immediately after the retreat of morning frosts - in early spring. You can also land the acquired cedar Siberian in the fall, immediately after the end of the growing season.
The perfect age for pine transplant is about 5 years. The height of the trunk is no more than one meter. The diameter of the stem is about two centimeters. When planning there is a chance to save the root system in integrity.
Large representatives of conifers are much more difficult. Adult cedar transplant is usually in winter. In the cold season, you can dig a large earthen commerce and save most rhizomes. Usually, root system Cedar is badly damaged.
The ideal age of pine for resetting is 5 years.
During the recovery period, the plant allocates a component that attracts pests. If the culture is strongly weakened, the cores can penetrate the bark and postpone the larvae. Save the pine will not succeed. Therefore, replant the born cedar is extremely risky.
Before planing, follows:
- We rose weeds and carefully treat the ground around the planting place.
- Dig holes suitable size. It is necessary to focus on the magnitude of the root system with an earthen room. The shine depth must exceed the size of the cedar roots by 40%.
- The bottom of the wells must be thoroughly loosen.
- Thick layer (about 15 cm) lay out drainage. You can use crushed stone, gravel, shells, corks from bottles.
- The ideal composition of the soil is a greenhouse earth with peat and leaf power. You can add organic components. Ideally fit a litter of pine boron.
- For the subsequent tissue of seedlings, a wooden support should be driven into the well.
How to trim
For the natural formation of a dense smooth crown, the plant should provide free growth on open plot. Coniferous plant unpretentious. Therefore, it is not necessary to interfere with the development process. It is enough to periodically clean the coniferous from damaged and dead branches.
If the plant is used as an element of garden design, it is possible to give the crown the appropriate form. It is not recommended to cut plants under five years old. Best time Years for trimming - early spring.
It is advisable to use a sharp garden secateur. The tool should be carefully displaced with alcohol. The affected places must be treated with a component for healing (Warrier).
Cedar Pine is an excellent representative of the flora to create a dwarf miniature.
Amazing miniature of Siberian pine.
With the help of Eastern technology, you can create a skillful bonsai. Supply, the elegance of the trunk and shoots contributes to the design of a reduced accurate copy of the coniferous tree.
Features of the planting of a tree can be found from the video:
Cedar Pine in Open Ground
To grow outdoors, it is enough to provide a minimum of conditions:
- outdoor terrain;
- uniform solar lighting;
- suglly and loose soil;
- absence groundwater. Often young conifers are well developed on the site, and adult representatives die. The main reason is the root system is damaged by the accumulation of fluid in the upper layer of the soil.
Siberian cedar is a very stable culture. The plant is not afraid of strong frosts.
Siberian pine is a frost-resistant plant.
For winter it is not necessary to strengthen the plant mulch and protective material. In open soil cedar does not need regular feeding and pruning.
Landing cedar at home
Flower pot
The coniferous plant has a large and branched root system. Therefore, the choice of container should be taken seriously. For young cedar, it is desirable to choose small containers with drainage holes and side openings for air circulation.
The kit must include a pallet for collecting unnecessary fluid. As the root system and the crown develops, it is necessary to use a large container.
Perfect soil
Cedar pine prefers loose and fertile soil. For growing it is not recommended to use mixtures containing peat. Multicomponent fossil causes rotting root system.
To protect the plant from pests, add some oxidizing agents to the ground. Natural solution can be used citric acid and coniferous needles.
Up. cedar
During planting, a growth bostimulator should be added to the soil. Perfect combination Components are contained in the preparation "Korniner".
Plant does not require regular feeding. It is advisable not to experiment with chemical preparations. Preparations for indoor crops can harm coniferous. Especially for growing cedar, funds with natural composition are derived.
For feeding cedar should use a special biohumus.
Biohumus "Kedronik", made of cedar nuts, is ideal for cedar wood. The fertilizer also includes Siberian soil. The drug can not only be made to the soil, but also spray the cedar. Especially effective action has after the appearance of yellowness on the leaves.
Cedar diseases and major pests
Coroes
Most often, the cedar is striking an ordinary engraver. Mass attacks of conifers begin at the end of May. It's easy to notice the pests. On the cortex of beetles, fine holes are broken.
Cedar will produce a resin for independent struggle With pests. Inaction will lead to penetration inside the stem of females. After deploying larvae to save the tree is almost impossible.
As preventive measures, system insecticides can be used, to make injections to the trunk of biological means of protection, and also timely clean the culture from the affected areas.
Mass attacks of cores can destroy pine.
Pine Hermes.
On the initial stage can mechanical method Collect and destroy all the affected areas. If the population of insects covered all the plant, it is necessary to process the soil "Aktar" and spray the "Decis" or "spark" cedar. Spraying should be repeated in a month. It will be necessary to continue the procedure to complete the pests.
Pine is also striking the shield, spine and notch. For treatment, system insecticides should be used.
Pests rarely appear on a healthy plant. Therefore, it should be purchased in advance biological preparations To strengthen the immunity of coniferous wood.
Rust needles
Characteristic disease for warm and wet climate. Yellow marks appear on the tree. After some time on the bubble points, a white flare is formed. Mushroom cells affect all parts of the tree. At the initial stage of the needle infection, it will acquire a yellow tint and starts to be down.
As a rule, infection comes from the coo and coltsfoot. It is necessary to destroy all plants on the site that promote the spread of the mushroom disputes. The affected branches must be removed and destroyed. Tree cleansing will help prevent further distribution.
Smolyan Cancer or Sawnian
It is necessary to immediately clear the culture from the areas populated by disputes. For prophylaxis, it is necessary to clean the plant from dry branches and stems with cancer ulcers. Inaction attracts many pests. From the defeat of insects weakened pine may die.
Allergic manifestations
Cedar nuts are a very useful product. People with individual intolerance can arise an allergic reaction and anaphyactic shock.
Determine the relationship with cedar fruit is quite difficult. The reaction to purified nuts can manifest only two days later. The first sign is the appearance of a metal taste.
Call the reaction can not only fruits. The so-called wooden allergy is striking the upper respiratory tract. Redness and itching appear on the skin and mucous membranes. After the occurrence of characteristic symptoms, direct contact with the culture should be avoided.
Premunition options
You can grow pine in several ways. For breeding of the coniferous cedar, you need to purchase seeds or seedlings in the garden nursery.
Seeding cedar landing
Long cultivation method. The planting material must be treated in potassium permanganate. As a soil, use a mixture with coarse sand. Nuts need to be placed in the wells and pour out a small layer of sawdust. To stimulate growth, you can put a container with seeds in the cold room.
Periodically you need to moisten the soil.
Germination of the seeds of the Siberian cedar.
After the first germs appear, you can transfer the container in warm room. After strengthening sprouts, young cedar should be divened to individual containers.
You can experiment and sow processed seeds into open soil. But it is very risky. Often planting material does not germinate.
Growing cedar saplings
It is preferable to buy seedlings with a closed root system. The perfect landing material is three-year trees. Pine size on average should be from thirty centimeters to three meters depending on the subspecies.
Blossom and fruiting cedar pine
Cedar do not produce inflorescences. A nuts are formed as seeds.
Try nuts from your cedar only after 60 years.
Fruit adult cultures start only aged 60 years. To accelerate the process, you can base the tree. The process of ripening cones occurs in the fall. As the formation, most of the fruit falls on the ground.
How to choose a Siberian cedar
Purchase landing material follows in nurseries specializing in coniferous trees. Seeders of the cedar of the Siberian height of 15-25 cm can be purchased at a price of 50 rubles. Passed seedlings in a container with a closed root system are implemented on average 1500 rubles. Seeds cedar Siberian "Shepard" have in the catalogs of online stores. The cost of one package is 42 rubles.
Cedar from seeds. How to grow cedar from seeds?
Since in our online store you can always purchase seeds. different species cedar pines, it would not be superfluous to tellak correctly sow Korean and siberian cedars.
The stratification of cedar seeds is obligatory and can be natural, natural (when sowing the soil in the fall) or home for 3-4 months in the wet sand in the cellar or refrigerator. Let's focus on the second version.
So - the seeds before sowing must be processed, this will prevent their infection with fungus. Nuts are lowered by a 0.5% cancer solution for a couple of hours. Next, it is necessary to mix landing material with moistened sand. The mixture made is placed in boxes with holes to ensure the flow of oxygen. Also, you can wrap the nuts with sand in a rag. Seeds must be kept in a cold place. Usually they are placed in the refrigerator. The temperature of the content of the landing material should be no higher than 4-5 degrees.
Seeds with sand must be constantly moistened to the state in which they were placed in the refrigerator. It often happens that mold appears on the nuts. In this case, the sand is replaced, and the contaminated nuts are cleaned.
After they germinate (usually after 3-4 months) their verbsboxes in boxes.
Here it is necessary to understand that even if you saw that it sipped literally a few pieces - boldly, it does not always happen at one moment, but to detain sowing aboutclicking seeds ne.it is necessary. Best time for thisend of Spring (up to June). For cedar seeds, it is better to use ordinary land (you can buy for seedlings)and overlooking it with sawdust with the addition of sand. Before sowing Seed preparation occurs. First, they are soaked in warm water for 3 days. Water needs to be changed every day.
Nuts are planted to depth 1 cm. Boxes with seeds dropped must be contained at room temperature. After about a month, the seedlings should a proportion. They are exhibited on a well-lit place so that the sun shines half a day at least. After the appearance of germs during the first season, they should be sprayed or watered with phytosporin preparation, it will save them from fungal diseases.
Many ask how to check the freshness of cedra seeds - is it just a bulk in a bucket of water to consider the emerging seeds unsuitable for sowing. Our opinion, which is impossible and checked believe me more than once. Try yourself, put the seeds into the container and pour with water, and the pop-up open and see, as a rule, at least half of the full seeds with a good kernel - boldly put them on stratification.
If you sit unprepared seeds immediately into the soil in the spring, then they will take up only a year, and the germination of only 10-15%. Sowing a bed in the fall, it is necessary to perform in the fall before the earth will freeze, otherwise rodents will attract the nuts with their smell, and those in the literal sense "recycle" all landings. When crushing into the ground, the Earth should be covered with leaves with a thickness of up to 5 cm.
Best time sowing in the fall October-November, depending on the region.
The developers that have appeared should also be protected, first of all, from birds. The fact is that sprouting appears with a nut on the top, and as long as it does not fall, attracts the attention of the birds that scream it straight with the sprout.
Therefore, in the first month Sowing need to hide the grid, gauze or spunbond.
If the cedars were sown in the box, then in the summer they need to be taken out to the street, and for the winter it is still to transplant in the ground, and ideally a bibto pump a box, after taking the hole at the bottom of the water outlet. Young cedars successfully tolerate the transplant procedure. They can land close to each other. The following cedar transplant will be transferred at a three-year-old. This procedure is recommended in spring. More adult plants transplant very rarely. Such frequent procedures can lead to drying roots. As a result, the cedars may not take care at all.
At the age of three years, the cedar seedlings need to be searched or also on the garden for further growing at a distance of 30-40 cm - either permanently. Cedar Caprice Plant and are usually 80-90% of trees, even dissolved within one day. The priority circle is better to climb sawdust - watering the middle - the bay of cedar does not like, the cedar does not cover the cedar.
Distance between adult plants of 4-5 meters. Cedar is well formed and in principle for 5-6 years it can be formed very beautiful tree Semi-dwarf with an annual increase in 10 cm with a beautiful rugged thickened crown.
Korean and Siberian cedars grow well almost on the whole band of Russia, except for the most southern Regions and regions of the Far North.
Fruit cedar can start from the age of 25-30 years, but sometimes it happens much later, so in the late 70s, varietal grafted samples began to appear with an accelerated period of fruiting, which occurs within 3-4 years since the vaccination of the tree.
Graft cedar can be purchased in our online store
Even the apple tree sometimes can exist with the expectation of the first fruit. What to talk about cedar!
In your own words about the Siberian cedarEven the apple tree sometimes can exist with the expectation of the first fruit. What to talk about cedar! AT best case It will be possible to wait for the fruits for 18-25 years, at worst (in Taiga, the treasured) this pullomotine can last 40 years old, and then all 70. The situation is aggravated by the fact that love for gardening wakes up in us not in 25 years and not even 30 , but hardly to forty, when the chances of seeing the fruits of labor of their already small. I do not know how lucky to me: My first cedars, though with me for 32 years, but they have shifted three times, and not in the most perfect place.
Strictly speaking, Siberian cedar Pine (Pinus Sibirica) cedom called mistake. When and how it stuck to her, this nickname is now and not to make sure. The present cedar (CEDRUS), and there are 4 types of them, grow significantly south. All of them are extremely decorative and majestic as their shared appearance, a bay collected in a bundle and vertical contempt. It seems that the Kedrom Siberian Pine called the one who saw the cedars real, or was heard about their greatness.
Scientists believe that globe Approximately 100 types of pines grow.
In the Russian flora there are three pines at once, the names of the "cedar" are added to the names. Without going into botanical details, I will note the most characteristic for these trees. All of them are five-wing pines, i.e. Their needles are collected in bundles of 5 pcs., not two, like a pine ordinary. By the way, the other pines are 3 and even on one chewing. Korean pines (Pinus Koraiensis) and Siberian grow big treesBut the Korean is all satisfied: the needles of authentic, bumps and nuts of a cedar cedar stabel (Pumila) is a pleasant coniferous bush, which in nature wimbs under the snow.
And they all grow in our family garden, and, comparing their characters, can stating that the Siberian and Korean cedars require only the creation of normal growing conditions, and in the subsequent practically uncomfortable. But the cedar staber, hurts a lot of trouble and disappointment, although it is why he is especially dear to me.
His seeds I received several times out of three, far away from each other regions: Yakutia, Alin and Baikali. Each time, the seeds germinated more or less successfully, but the subsequent separation of the seedlings was catastrophic. It seems incomprehensible because, on its plasticity and adaptability, the stabe is considered more universal than large pines and are able to survive almost anywhere in Russia, where there can be at least some tree at all. As it seemed to me, seeds with wild trees were deprived of immunity to mushroom diseases, which are infected with the soil of gardens and gardens.
Seed breeding of cedar has several featuresand I would like to reveal some secrets that may be useful for those who want to distribute these useful plants. In my opinion, the most responsible period in the cultivation of Siberian handsome is the time from seeding up to 3 years. It is at this time that the greatest seedlings will occur. Those plants that overcome this line are still dying only for external reasons.
There are a few typical mistakeswho need to be avoided with seed cedar breeding. First, it should not be seeded on anchored gardening soils. Because of their infection by pathogenic microorganisms. It is necessary to sow only freshly placed nuts and only under the winter.
Cedar seeds that caused in Taiga conditions do not have immunity to the unusual mushroom assaults, I have a nuts in such as similar conditions, but then also died together and died. Sowing the city, on fresh, i.e. Non-sophisticated resistance, medium or light-coded soils. Earth in advance (at least in two weeks) is paying, carefully cleaning from weeds, and I give it to settle. Then, on the surface of the garden, I scatter 3-5 centimeter layer of "Vereskaya Earth", i.e. The upper layer of the samp forest, taken from the pine forest. Seeds sow on this pillow, just laying them on the surface with a density - a piece of centimeter. From above, we spray with the same heather ground with a layer of 1-3 cm. The heatherland contains the necessary seedlings of mushroom mikuriza, symbiosis with which will protect them from the impact of harmful microflora.
Secondly, no less danger to seeds and seedlings are rodents and birds, and if the first is mainly outside the city, then daws and crows - everywhere. On the one hand, the cedar nuts need stratification that they naturally pass during the susceptible crop. But as it turned out, the mouse population is just necessary. After sitting under the winter, in the spring you will find that your bed is completely exhausted by strokes and nonoras, and if individual nuts remain there, then only on mouse overlooking. Sciences of bitter experience, in the winter I preserve the seeds in a saucepan with a sieve for a sieve. And lay out in bed early in spring, usually at the end of April. By the way, the nuts are coarsed for this time in the mass or gently germinate.
The first shoots appear in mid-May, but this process is often stretched for a long time. On the surface of the soil, the reddish loop of the sprout is first shown. Having straightened, she puts on the light of a shell, which brown caps crosses the unpacted mutages of the first needle (in fact, this is not a real needle, but only Semi-silders. Ed.). In such a form, cedar seedlings are extremely damping birds, and they destroy most of the shoots. At this time, they should be covered with a spruce or pine facility, or a metal grid.
Siberian cedar - a tree slowly, especially the first years. In the first year, the seedlings - a height of everything in a match, with a flutter needle on the top. Two - only slightly thicken and lengthen, remaining "below the grass." Even at the age of five, the seedlings were often not achieved and the growth of 15 cm, although they may have a solid "choreness" and "Dryingness". I note, those who have undergone several "crossings" of the plants, due to the compactness of the root system acquired by them, and in the future it is well tolerated by the transplant procedure. But first dive can cause a significant outpad. Also poorly carry this village over 10 years old, due to significant damage to the roots of the roots. The successful of the transplant is early in spring, with a freezing earthly coma, or late autumn. When growing in containers, seedlings practically cease growth, but they do not fall out at all during transplantation.
Cedar pines, in contrast to the pine of ordinary, more moisture, and grow worse on sandy soils. AT natural conditions Cedars are willing to settle and grow active on wet, gumus-rich drunks. In culture, they also succeed in fresh, medium and light-coded soils, with a powerful sublinous subsoil. Possible option The soil substrate can be a mixture of the delicate earth, humid and sand in the 3: 2: 1 proportion. With a forced landing on the sand, the sings are digging by a depth and a diameter of at least 1 m, and fill them with the specified substrate. When planting, the priority circles of seedlings are formed with a bias bias, a diameter of about 2 m, for watering, fertilizer and delays of atmospheric precipitation.
Suitable soils minimize further care . And yet, the first ten years of the trees are useful to fertilizer, feeding and watering capable of giving a powerful impetus to their development, significantly closer to the ferrous phase. Fertilize shown in the first half of summer organic fertilizers under the people of the priority circle. Dosage - 1-3 buckets square meterplus in addition 30-50 g of superphosphate. Useful to mulch rOCK peat, bulk humid or compost. In the watering of the mulch will absorb moisture, and then slowly give it, providing this favorable mode for the activities of soil microorganisms necessary for the root system of trees. Upon reaching the heights of 1.5-2 m, the bitch in the lower third of the barrel gradually (no more than 1-2 in the season and in the second half of summer) are cut onto the ring, which proactive it is natural for large pines process of degradation from the bottom.
Siberian cedar (the right botanical name - pine cedar Siberian) - evergreen coniferous tree. This is truly amazing plant Imagined, it seems that all conceivable useful qualities: Decorativeness and hebness, winter hardiness and durability. The main wealth of the Siberian cedar is his nuts. They contain 61% fat, 20% proteins, 12% carbohydrates. Nuts are very tasty, nutritious and healing. They contain vitamin A, group B vitamins that improve cardiac activity and are generally necessary for normal activity of the nervous system. Especially a lot of vitamin E (tocopherol, that translated from Greek - "carry offspring"). No wonder in the years of good cedar harvests, the fecundity of a sable, a squirrel increases significantly. Doctors argue that cedar nuts contain substances that contribute to the improvement of blood composition, preventing tuberculosis, anemia.
For a long time, the residents of Siberia and the Urals were used for the treatment of purulent wounds, cuts, burns. During the Great Patriotic War Cedar Zhivitsa was successfully used in hospitals for the treatment of wounded. She prevented wounds from infection, stopped gangrenous processes.
The needles rich in vitamin C, carotine. It has a lot of calcium, potassium, phosphorus, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt.
The tree is beautiful with its green outfit at any time of the year. High and antimicrobial cedar properties. Air in its plantings is practically sterile.
The Siberian cedar has long been bred in our countries, the age of some of them exceeds 100 - 200 years, they successfully bloom, fruit and give mature seeds even in the plague. Many cedars are planted with gardeners - lovers in household plots and in collective gardens. Cedar Siberian - One-Doma Tree, in the upper, most illuminated part of the crown there are female seeds, below are men's gates. "Flowers" cedar in June. Women's "bid" raspberry-purple color is hiding in the needle near the top kidney escape.
Men's "flowers", orange - raspberry colors are collected in major "inflorescences" at the foundation of shoots. After 3 -5 days, they will boil and fall. Pollen is spread by the wind. After pollination, women's lumps are closed, become green - brown, grow up to 2-3 cm and before the spring of next year they are called "Iim." Fertilization and formation of seeds occurs since the end of August and all September. To ensure cross-pollination, it is desirable to have a group of cedar groups (from 3 or more). To increase the reliability of pollination of female "flowers" in young ceders, you can conduct artificial dose: shake the pollen of male "flowers" on paper, put it in a jar and store a few days in the thoroughbler. As women's "flowers" reveal, to apply pollen with a soft tassel or gently blow off a sheet of paper.
However, with all the attractiveness of the cedar, its cultivation is more difficult compared to other conifer (pine, larch, fir). The satellite satellite is called the siberian sibirsk culture.
Seeds are distinguished by deep peace and germinate only after the winter stay in the cold at least 3-4 months. Cedar crops require protection against rodents and birds. The first ten years cedar grows slowly, reaching a height of 1.5 m. However, in the future, this breed is able to thank for attention to it. Cedar gets good on individual sites near buildings. At 30, it reaches a height of 9 meters, forms lush cronreaching 3 meters in the diameter. Cedar Sibirsky is multiplied by the seed method, less often - vegetative (vaccination, rooting of cuttings).
Generally speaking, vegetative reproduction Cedar is quite complicated, and it is better to provide it with specialists. With a free state of cedar, grown from the seed, begins to form cones from 18-20 years.
When breeding the Siberian cedar, it must be borne in mind that it cannot grow on dry sand places, but prefers sampling or sublibious raw fertile soils.
When the gentleness is just knocked out of the soil, there are still rapid shoots - they immediately scrub the birds (mostly crows). Therefore, plants have to be grown under a polyethylene film.
Good results are obtained with the autumn seed crops. For this, at the end of September - early October, that is, a month before the soil freezing, the seeds are sown in the prepared ridges and to protect against rodents are covered with spruce branches. And in the spring of next year, the seeds give friendly shoots.
When sowing the spring seeds of the Siberian cedar require mandatory stratification. To do this, they are soaked in warm water (25-300C) for 4-6 days. Every 1-2 days the water changes. Then the seeds are stirred with well-washed river sand or peat crumbs and are kept at room temperature. The mixture is periodically stirred and moisturized. With such a stratification, seeds are climbing in 50 - 60 days. The mounted seeds are cut and stored before sowing at temperatures close to zero. Sowing is carried out at the end of April - early May (depending on weather conditions. On 1 m2 you can sigh from 50 to 300 g of seeds. The depth of their seal is 3 - 4 cm. polyethylene film, preventing seeds from birds, is removed only after the shell falls from the emerging shoots.
To protect sowing from the infectious damage to the seedlings caused by the Fusarium mushroom, in addition to the prophylactic dressing of seeds, there will be sowing grooves with the seeds of 0.4% by a solution of potassium mangartage. With the appearance of foci of lesion, the stem of shoots blush, a hauling is formed, they fall and dry. Measures of the struggle: The first 2 weeks germs are treated with a 0.4% heatman solution 1-3 times with a flow rate of up to 10 liters per 1 m2.
With thicken crops, shoots dive. As soon as the sprouts appear in the form of a curved knee, they are digging, sorted, cut roots and put on a peg on the ridges on the same depth you were on which they were. Scheme of planting 20 x 20 cm or 20 x 20 cm. You can dive seedlings and for the second year after seedlings. When compliance with the agrotechnology, the survival rate of cedar seedlings after dive is very high - up to 95%. 2-3 years after the dive, a good planting material is obtained with a developed root system, which contributes to the observing of seedlings after a transplant to a new place.
After 3 years, before their growth, the seedlings dig up and transplanted in a wood school with an accommodation of 0.4x0.4 m, where they fuse 3-5 years to obtain larger seedlings.
When cedar transplanting at a permanent place of 6-8-year-old seedlings more reliable than seedlings. In a wood school, they are digging with a closer soil (0.2x0.2x0.2 m) and transfer to the landing site, wrapped with a film or a wet cloth.
Planting seedlings are carried out in areas with a pre-loose (swollen) unauthorized sublinous or soup soil. The landing well is digged by 30% more than the volume of root seedlings. The renewed soil is stirred with fertilizers (peat, humus, manure pumping, oola wood), It is advisable to add 3-4 handfuls of a forest litter from a coniferous forest. Last promotes better development On the root systems of mycorrhiza (symbiosis of root endings and gifs forest mushrooms), providing good mineral nutrition of forest wood plants.
The cooked substrate falls asleep on the bottom of the wells and its center is put the root seedlock system so that the root neck (the border between the stem and the root system) is at the ground ground level. Further, the well is filled with the prepared loose soil, compacted with adaptation and pour (0.5 buckets).
When appearing on young shoots white Nalea (more often manifests itself with wet weather) it is necessary to be treated with a solution of EM-5 at a concentration of 1: 500. Otherwise, with the active development of whiteness, shoots fade. The tree at the same time, however, does not die, but a one-year increase is lost.
Planting Under the seedlings are linearly placed or groups with a distance between them no less zm. When laying a plantation of garden type, placing 4x5m or 5x5m seedlings. It provides quite complete light allowances from the trees, contributes to the development of the crown and formation good harvest cones. With rare standing, the cedar trees begins to give crops from 18 years of age.
Squeeze the Siberian cedar. He deserves it to be bred.
Heorem May.
Purpose of work: Master the methods of accelerated cultivation of high-quality seedlings of Siberian cedar and assess the possibility of adapting them to local conditions
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Accelerated cultivation of high-quality cedar seedlings of Siberian.
Heorem May.
School №367, class 10a
Leader: Goncharova Irina Evgenievna
Cedar plantings allocate many phytoncides, thereby cleansing air (pathogenic microorganisms dying). It has an important sanitary and hygienic, one can say the therapeutic value of cedar plantations. We plan to plant cedar seedlings in the immediate vicinity of human life, namely: the features of the city (in coordination with the workers of the garden and park economy), residential villages, country sites, Private possessions.
Purpose of work: Master the methods of accelerated cultivation of high-quality seedlings of Siberian cedar and assess the possibility of adapting them to local conditions.
Tasks:
- Determine and master the sequence of seed stratification.
- Install the effect of soil moisture on germination of seeds.
- To identify the percentage of the germination of Siberian Pine Seeds.
- Rate the survival rate of transplanted seedlings.
- Determine the growth of Siberian cedar seedlings in the first growing season.
For work, we used seeds of two bumps of Siberian cedar pine, brought in November from Ulan-Ude district (Eastern Siberia).
We prepared the seeds by conducting stratification (4 months) in the cold, respecting the following order:
Seeds, taken out of cones, were filled into three days in the indulgent water temperature. At the same time, the water changed daily. Benign seeds for this period swelling and sank at the bottom of the vessel. On the surface there were empty and unfair-quality seeds, they were removed. (100 benign seeds were selected).
Selected seeds were treated in a strong (1%) aqueous solution of potassium mangartage (about 20 minutes). Then were mixed with a wet (50%) substrate (sand, moss, sphagnum, sawdust) and placed on the cold (on the top shelf in the refrigerator) at a temperature of +50 With in a small plastic container. Periodically, the substrate was moistened to the water resistant water temperature.
Stratifiedseeds, were planted on April 20, 2012: Before sowing the seeds (100 pieces), they were separated from the substrate, again treated in a strong heat transfer solution (up to day) and were dry for sowing; Seeds planted in small plastic containers with drainage holes
In containers №1-№2 (for 20 seeds), the Earth was converted (water accumulated in the pallet), in No. 3-№4 (20 seeds) - there was a lack of moisture (he fused the top layer of the soil), and in No. 5-no 6 9 (for 10 seeds) We observed normal watering (uniform moisturizing). Fertile, sandy soil from a mixture of compost, coconut substrate, sand and chopped crust of coniferous trees in equal proportions were used.
The process of sowing of infratified seeds took place in the same way as
stratified. The unrestricted seeds did not sprout, they stood over a month, and then the observation of them was completed, and the stratified began to give germination, behind them and was observed.
In containers with overwhelmed soil, the seeds were boiled only after decreasing irrigation to normal. In containers with a disadvantage of moisture and the normal moisturizing, the seeds were boated equally.
The germination of stratified seeds is 69%.
The majority of seeds sprouted on 20-28 days after sowing.
For seeds from container No. 5, we conducted daily observation and commemoration of their growth. The cedar seeder is actively growing and develops in the first two weeks, and after its external development slows down. But the root system begins to develop. For this period, the sighter in height reaches about 30 - 40 mm.
The following stages of the development of seedlings were also identified:
- Growing hypocotyl. It happens in about the first 2 weeks after germination. The next 2 weeks is insignificant, and after it stops at all.
- Hypocotyl straightening happens on 4 - 8 day after germination.
- Departation of seed peel happens on the 6th - 11 day.
After stopping the growth of hypocotyl, the stem of the seedling begins to arevice. It happens on average for 21 days after germination.
To improve the root system of the cedar seedlings, it was subjected to a pickup with a subsequent landing in plastic cups 300 mg before the transplant open sad (until the end of June - the beginning of August). Sale of seedlings after picking 100%.
To infect the root system of the seedlings of mycorrhism, in the original soil during the transplantation, we added a litter from under the pine.
In July - early August 40 seedlings of Siberian pine were transferred to a shovel for Leningrad region (12 - in Tosnensky district, 28 - in the Volkhovsky district). Teachers and disciples who are interested in our work and wishing to grow in themselves panstone Siberian pine, received seedlings as a gift (only 29 seedlings). At this stage, the root system of seedlings is already more formed than earlier.
The seedlings took a small task: to measure the growth of seedlings at the end of September - early October and tell about their development.
The landing in the soil occurred as follows:
- the same plastic 5 liter plastic containers were prepared (five-liter bottles with a cut throat and with drainage holes at the bottom);
- the containers were filled with the soil mixture with the addition of ground from under the pine for re-infection with mycorrhism;
- the seedlings were neatly transferred to the ground (without the blowing of the root neck);
- mulching (moss, sawdust) is produced to reduce evaporation;
- containers with seedlings were buried to the ground to the depth 20cm,distance between seedlings 25cm;
- watering was provided.
Accessibility of seedlings during transplantation to the open ground amounted to 100%.
When landing at a permanent place, the ceders fully retained the root system, which is very important for their active growth. Containers must be large enough so that the root seedlings system do not oppress. In such conditions, seedlings are developing without competition for light and soil meals. In containers seedlings we plan to grow 2-4 years.
Output
For germination of Siberian Siberian Seeds, stratification is needed, the germination was 69%.
We also found that the dismissed of the soil is in oppressing in the germination of seeds.
Siberian Siberian Seedlings are growing at the first 10-15 days after germination. At the same time, the straightening of the hypocotyle occurs on 6-7 days, the departing of the seed peel on - 9 days, the decoration of the trunk occurs after slowing down the seedling growth on average for 25 days.
Siberian seedlings Siberian well tolerate transplant - survival rate of 100%.
On average, the growth of seedlings in the first growing season was 13-14mm (maximum increase - 20mm).
You can grow a cedar pine, not only in Siberia, but also in the European Region of Russia. It is not only possible, but also need to be done.