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SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS
the upper and lower limits, and the sand is classified according to the size of the lower of the adjacent groups.
The provision of the standard values \u200b\u200bfor the content of grains less than 0.16 mm in size, as well as the content of dust and clay particles during acceptance control, must be at least 97.5% - for enriched sand of all types of the highest quality category, 95% - for enriched sand of all types of the first quality category, 90% - for natural sands and from crushing screenings.
2.7. The sufficiency of the values \u200b\u200bof the sand size modulus established by the standard is characterized by the ratio of the number of replaceable samples, the size modulus of which is within the upper and lower standard values \u200b\u200bfor a given group of sands, to the total number of replaceable samples taken and tested during one quarter.
The provision of the standard values \u200b\u200bof the content in sands of grains less than 0.16 mm in size, as well as dust and clay particles, is characterized by the ratio of the number of replaceable samples, the quality indicators of which do not exceed the standard values, to the total number of replaceable samples taken and tested during one quarter. At the same time, the availability of the standard values \u200b\u200bfor the content of grains less than 0.16 mm in size, as well as dust and clay particles in enriched sands of the highest quality category, is determined on the basis of statistical control in accordance with mandatory Appendix 2.
2.8. For the permissible pp. 2.6 and 2.7 of the number of replaceable samples that have deviations from regulatory requirements, the value of this deviation should not exceed 20%.
2.9. The consumer, when checking the compliance of sand with the requirements of this standard, should apply the sampling procedure given in paragraphs. 2.11-2.13. In case of unsatisfactory results of the control check on the grain size composition and the content of dust and clay particles, the batch of sand is not accepted.
point
2.10. The number of spot (partial) samples taken for the control check of the quality of sand in each batch must be at least as indicated below.
Lot size, m 3
St. 350 to 700 15
Spot samples are combined into an average sample that characterizes the controlled lot.
GOST 8736-852.11. To control the quality of sand supplied by rail, point samples are taken when unloading cars from the flow of sand on belt conveyors used to transport it to the consumer's warehouse. When unloading the wagon, five point samples are taken at regular intervals. The number of cars, during the unloading of which samples are taken, take into account the receipt of the required number of spot samples according to clause 2.10. The wagons are selected at the direction of the consumer. If the batch consists of one wagon, then when unloading, five spot samples are taken, which are combined into an average sample.
If conveyor transport is not used for unloading wagons, then, as an exception, point samples are taken directly from the wagons. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled and holes with a depth of 0.2-0.4 m are torn off at the sampling points.The sampling points are taken in the center and in the four corners of the car, while the distance from the sides of the car to the sampling point must be at least 0 , 5 m. Sand samples are taken from the holes with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the wall of the hole.
2.12. For a control check of sand unloaded by water transport, point samples are taken when unloading ships.
In the case of belt conveyor unloading applications, spot samples are taken at regular intervals from the sand flow on the conveyors. When unloading ships with grab cranes, spot samples are taken with a shovel at regular intervals as they are unloading from the newly formed sand surface in the ship without forming holes.
2.13. For a control check of sand shipped by road, point samples are taken when unloading vehicles.
In the case of belt conveyor sand unloading applications, spot samples are taken from the sand stream on the conveyors. When unloading each vehicle, one is selected. spot sample. The number of vehicles, during the unloading of which samples are taken, is taken taking into account the receipt of the required number of partial samples according to clause 2.9. Cars are chosen at the direction of the consumer.
If the batch consists of less than ten vehicles, then sand is tested in each vehicle.
If conveyor transport is not used when unloading vehicles, then point samples are taken directly from the vehicles. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled, in the center of the body a hole is torn off with a depth
0.2-0.4 m. From the hole, a sample of sand is taken with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the wall of the hole.
3. TEST METHODS
3.1. Sampling and preparation of samples, as well as testing of sand is carried out in accordance with GOST 8735-75.
3.2. Sampling and preparation of samples, as well as testing of rocks and gravel for strength are performed in accordance with GOST 8269-76.
4. RIVNA BRANDS, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
4.1. The enterprise (quarry) -manufacturer is obliged to accompany each batch of supplied sand with a document on the quality of the established form, which indicates:
the name of the manufacturer (career) and its address;
number and date of issue of the document;
name and address of the consumer;
batch number and amount of sand;
wagon numbers or vessel number and consignment note number;
sand size module;
the designation of this standard, and for sand, which has been awarded the State Quality Mark in accordance with the established procedure, also its image according to GOST 1.9-67.
When supplying sand from crushing screenings, the quality document also indicates the grade of the original rock or gravel in terms of strength. Sand indicators are entered into the specified document according to the test data listed in clause 2.5.
For sand supplied in accordance with clause 1.12, the quality document indicates the average density of grains and the content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful impurities in accordance with GOST 23845-79 and GOST 24100-80.
4.2. The sand is transported in open railway wagons and ships, as well as in cars in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods by the appropriate mode of transport approved in accordance with the established procedure and stored in conditions that protect it from clogging and pollution.
When transporting sand by rail, the requirements of the Technical Conditions for Loading and Securing Cargo, approved by the Ministry of Railways, must also be met.
GOST 6736-85APPENDIX 1 Reference
TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD AND THEIR EXPLANATION
Natural sand - sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm, formed as a result of natural destruction of rocky rocks and obtained during the development of sand and gravel deposits without the use of special processing equipment.
Crushed sand - sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm, made from rocky rocks and gravel using special crushing and grinding equipment.
Sand from crushing screenings - sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm, obtained from screenings of rock crushing products in the production of crushed stone.
Enriched sand, crushed enriched sand, enriched sand from crushing screenings - sands with an improved grain composition obtained using special processing equipment and supplied without separation into fractions.
Fractionated sand - sand divided using special equipment into two or more fractions.
APPENDIX 2 Mandatory
STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL OF SAND OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY CATEGORY
1. Statistical control is used to assess the quality of sand according to the established standard values \u200b\u200bfor the content of grains less than 0.16 mm in size, as well as the content of dust and clay particles.
2. Statistical quality control includes determination of the arithmetic mean of the estimated indicator based on the results of tests of removable samples for one quarter and the coefficient of variation of the indicator values \u200b\u200bfor the specified period. The resulting arithmetic mean of the indicator is compared with the tabular value corresponding to the calculated coefficient of variation.
3. The average value of the assessed quality indicator with the corresponding coefficient of variation should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bindicated in table. 1 and 2 of this appendix.
4. The arithmetic mean of the indicator X is determined by the formula
2**
where X is the test result of a removable sample; l is the number of replaceable samples for one quarter.
5. The coefficient of variation v in percent is determined by the formula
6. Average values \u200b\u200bof the content of grains passing through a sieve with a mesh No. 016, corresponding to different values \u200b\u200bof the coefficient of variation, are shown in table. one.
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Table 1 |
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7. The average values \u200b\u200bof the content of dust and clay particles, corresponding to different values \u200b\u200bof the coefficient of variation, are shown in table. 2.
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table 2 |
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Editor V.P. Ogurtsov Technical editor N.P. Zamolodchikova Proofreader A.G. Starostin
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UDC 691.223: 006.354 Group Ж17
STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF SSR
SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS
Technical conditions
Sand for construction works. Specifications
By the decree of the State Committee of the USSR for Construction Affairs of September 13, 1965 No. 146, the date for the introduction of
Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law
This standard applies to natural sand and sand from crushing screenings with an average density of grains, including pores (bulk density) over 2000 kg / m 3, obtained from specially mined or incidentally mined rocks and waste of mining enterprises and used as aggregates for all types concrete and mortar, as well as pavement and other construction work.
Sand made in accordance with this standard must be used in accordance with applicable regulatory and technical documents.
Explanations of the terms used in this standard are given in reference annex 1.
1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
1.2. Sand is divided into the following types:
natural and enriched;
Official edition
from crushing screenings and enriched from crushing screenings. Supply of a mixture of natural sands and from crushing screenings is allowed.
Reprinting prohibited
© Standards Publishing House, 1986
GOST 8736-851.3. By agreement of the manufacturer (quarry) with the consumer, crushed and fractionated sands are supplied, the requirements for which are set in the technical conditions approved in the prescribed manner.
1.4. The sand should be characterized by the following quality indicators:
grain composition;
1.5. Sand from crushing screenings is also characterized by the ultimate strength of the original rock during compression in a state saturated with water.
The enterprise (quarry) -maker of natural and enriched sands must have and inform the consumer at his request of the following characteristics established during geological exploration in accordance with GOST 24100-80:
mineralogical and petrographic composition, indicating rocks and minerals classified as harmful impurities;
an indicator of the potential-reactivity of sand, determined by a chemical method (if there are reactive minerals and rocks in the sand);
description of the shape and nature of the surface of the sand grains;
average density of sand grains.
If during geological exploration, at the request of the customer, additional characteristics of sands were determined in accordance with GOST 24100-80: voidness, specific surface area,
filtration coefficient, then they should also be communicated to the consumer at his request.
An enterprise (quarry) producing sand from crushing screenings must have and inform the consumer at his request of the petrographic characteristics and indicators of the physical and mechanical properties of the original rock, established during geological exploration in accordance with GOST 23845-79.
1.6. Grain composition
1.6.1. Natural sands and from crushing screenings, depending on
from the grain composition are subdivided into groups: increased
coarseness, large, medium, small and very small.
1.6.2. Enriched sand depending on the grain size
subdivided into groups: increased size, large, medium and small. The enriched sand from crushing screenings, depending on the grain size composition, is divided into groups:
high size, large and medium.
1.6.3. For each group of sands: natural and from crushing screenings, enriched and enriched from crushing screenings
after preliminary sieving them on a sieve with holes of 5 mm for the separation of gravel grains (crushed stone), the modulus of the size of sand M to and the total residue on a sieve with a mesh No. 063 according to GOST 3584-73 should correspond to those indicated in table one.
|
Table 1 |
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|
If, when determining a group of sand, it corresponds in terms of the size modulus to one group, and according to the total residue on sieve No. 063 - to another, then the determination of the group of sand is made in terms of the size modulus.
In this case, the passport indicates the deviation of the value of the total balance on the sieve No. 063 from that indicated in the table. 1 for the sand of this group.
Notes: 1. By agreement of the parties, it is allowed to supply sand with a granularity greater than 3.5.
2. Very fine sand with a fineness modulus from 1.0 to 1.5 is supplied only at the request of consumers for use in plaster solutions, as well as for use in a mixture with a coarsening additive as fine aggregates for concrete in areas where there are no sand deposits with a fineness module over 1.5,
1.6.4. Natural and enriched sands, sands from crushing screenings and enriched from crushing screenings of increased coarseness, large, medium and small with a fineness modulus from 1.5 to 3, should be supplied and used as fine aggregates for concrete in accordance with the requirements of GOST 10268-80, 25.
The grain size distribution of the fine aggregates should be as shown below.
GOST 8736-85Total residues on control sieves,% by weight
20-70 . 35-90 . 90-100 . 10-0 . 1,5-3,25
Hole size of ■ control sieve, mm
Sieve passage JVb 016 Size module
In this case, only grains passing through a sieve with round holes with a diameter of 5 mm are taken into account.
The use of sand from crushing screenings and enriched sand from crushing screenings and their mixtures with natural fine and very fine sands as fine aggregates is allowed provided that the specified workability of the concrete mixture is ensured without over-consumption of cement.
By agreement of the manufacturer (quarry) with the consumer, during the feasibility study, it is allowed to supply sand for concretes with a size modulus of up to 3.5, as well as with a total residue of up to 75% on sieve No. 063.
Natural and enriched sands, sands from crushing screenings and enriched from crushing screenings of increased coarseness, large, medium and small, should be supplied and used as materials for the construction of road pavements in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents.
Sands that meet the requirements of clause 1.6.7 should be supplied and used as aggregates for mortars:
medium, fine and very fine natural sands;
medium and fine enriched sands.
in natural sands and from crushing screenings of increased size, coarse and medium. ... ... ,. ... .ten
the same, in small and very small ....... 15
in enriched sand of increased size, coarse
and average ............. 5
the same, in small ........... 10
in enriched sand from crushing screenings ... 5
According to the agreement of the enterprise (quarry) -manufacturer with the consumer, on average, fine and very fine sands intended for mortars and road construction works, as well as in sand from crushing screenings intended for road construction works, the content of grains passing through a sieve with mesh No. 016, up to 20% by weight is allowed.
1.6.6. The presence of grains larger than 5 mm should not exceed% by weight:
in natural sand. ... ... ... -.......ten
in sand from crushing screenings ........ 15
in enriched sand and enriched sand from crushing screenings .............. 5
1.6.7. For the manufacture of mortars (except for plaster mortars for the finishing layer), medium natural and medium enriched sands with a size modulus not exceeding 2.2, as well as fine natural and fine enriched sands must be supplied and used. The content of grains over 5 mm in size in sands for mortars should not exceed 0.5% by weight.
For the production of plastering mortars for the finishing layer, very fine sand must be supplied and used. The content of grains larger than 1.25 mm in sands used in plaster solutions for the finishing layer should not exceed 0.5% by weight
By agreement of the manufacturer (quarry) with the consumer, it is allowed to supply and use medium natural sand and medium enriched sand for mortars (except for plaster mortars for the finishing layer), in which the content of grains larger than 5 mm does not exceed 5% by weight. For the manufacture of plaster for the finishing layer, it is allowed to supply and use very fine natural sand, in which the content of grains larger than 1.25 mm does not exceed 5% by weight.
1.7. The amount of dust and clay particles in the sand should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in table. 2.
table 2
|
Type of sand |
Including the content of clay in lumps |
|
|
% by weight. | ||
|
Natural: large size, large and medium | ||
|
small and very small | ||
|
Enriched: large and medium | ||
|
From crushing screenings | ||
|
Enriched from crushing screenings |
In sand from crushing screenings intended for road construction, and in natural very fine sand intended for use in plaster solutions for a finishing layer, the content of dusty and clay particles up to 7% by weight is allowed. All types of sand should not contain foreign contaminants. 1.8. Sand intended for concrete and mortar, when treated with sodium hydroxide solution (colorimetric test for organic impurities in accordance with GOST 8735-75), should not impart a color to the solution that matches or is darker than the standard color. The use of sand that does not meet this requirement is allowed only after special tests and a feasibility study. 1.9. To obtain sand from crushing screenings and enriched sand from crushing screenings, igneous, metamorphic or dense sedimentary rocks, as well as gravel, should be used. Depending on the strength of the original rock and gravel, these sands are divided into four grades: 1000, 800, 600 and 400. The strength of the original rock and gravel must correspond to that indicated in table. 3. Table 3 Igneous and metamorphic rocks used for the production of sands from crushing screenings must have a compressive strength of at least 60 MPa (600 kgf / cm 2), and sedimentary rocks - at least 40 MPa (400 kgf / cm 2). By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is allowed to release sand obtained from screenings of crushing of sedimentary rocks with a compressive strength below 40 MPa (400 kgf / cm 2), but not less than 20 MPa (200 kgf / cm 2). 1.10. Rocky rocks and gravel used to obtain sand from crushing screenings should not contain weak differences in an amount of more than 10% by weight, and rocks that have a compressive strength below 40 MPa GOST 8736-85 pp. 7 (400 kgf / cm 2), and gravel grade Dr24 - no more than 15% by weight. With a higher content of weak differences, it is allowed to use only screenings obtained after the second and subsequent stages of crushing. Weak rocks include rocks with a compressive strength in a water-saturated state of less than 20 MPa (200 kgf / cm 2). 1.11. The quality of a mixture of natural sand and sand from crushing screenings must meet the requirements of this standard for the quality of sand from crushing screenings. 1.12. Sand from incidentally mined rocks and waste of mining and processing enterprises, having an average grain density of more than 2800 kg / m 3 or containing grains of rocks and minerals classified as harmful impurities according to GOST 23845-79 and GOST 24100-80, should be produced according to industry and republican standards or specifications. At the same time, for each deposit or group of deposits, restrictions on the maximum value of the average density and the content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful impurities in accordance with GOST 23845-79 and GOST 24100-80, as well as methods for determining the content of rocks and minerals related to harmful impurities. Limitations on the average density and content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful impurities are established on the basis of special studies, depending on the purpose of the sand and the operating conditions of the structures in which it is used. 2. RULES OF ACCEPTANCE 2.1. The sand produced by an enterprise (quarry) -manufacturer must be accepted by the technical control of this enterprise. The enterprise (quarry) - manufacturer must ensure that the sand meets the requirements of this standard. 2.2. Sand is supplied in batches. The amount of sand simultaneously shipped to one consumer in one train or in one ship is considered a batch. When shipped by road, a batch is considered to be the amount of sand shipped to one consumer during the day. 2.3. Determination of the amount of supplied sand is made by volume or mass. Sand is measured in wagons, ships and cars. Weighing of sand, loaded in wagons or cars, is performed on railway or truck scales. / The mass of sand loaded in ships is determined by the draft of the ship. GOST 8736-852.4. The recalculation of the amount of sand from weight units to volumetric ones is carried out according to the values \u200b\u200bof the bulk density of sand, determined in a state of natural moisture. In wet technological processes of sand production, the moisture content of the supplied sand and the bulk density used to recalculate the amount of sand from weight units to volumetric ones are set by agreement of the enterprise (quarry) -maker with the consumer, taking into account the conditions of sand extraction2, open pit operating experience, geological exploration data, time year, as well as the coefficients of compaction of sand when it is loaded into vehicles. 2.5. Acceptance control of the quality of sand at an enterprise (quarry) -manufacturer consists of determining the grain size composition, the content of dusty and clay particles, including clay c. lumps. The quality control of the sand according to the indicated indicators is carried out every day for one replaceable sample according to GOST 8735-75. The determination of the bulk density of sand is performed once a quarter. For sand obtained from associated rocks and waste of mining and processing enterprises, in addition, the average density of grains and the content of inclusions of rocks and minerals attributed to harmful impurities are determined. These indicators are determined in each case of changes in the properties of sand, but at least once a year. For the specified sand, supplied in accordance with clause 1.12, the frequency of determining the average density and content of rocks and minerals attributed to harmful impurities is established by industry, republican standards or technical conditions, but these definitions must be made at least once a quarter. 2.6. The provision of the standard values \u200b\u200bof the modulus of the size of the sand, indicated in table. 1 for each group of sand, during acceptance control according to PP. 2.6-2.8 must be at least 95% - For enriched sand of all types of the highest quality category, at least 90% - for enriched sand of all types of the first quality category and at least 80% - for natural sands and from crushing screenings. It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to supply sand, the size modulus values \u200b\u200bof which are within the standard values \u200b\u200bspecified in table. 1 for two adjacent groups of sand, if the difference between the upper and lower limits of the size modulus does not exceed 0.5. At the same time, the requirements indicated above for various types of sand for the provision of values \u200b\u200bof the modulus of size within |
GOST 8736-93
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS
TECHNICAL CONDITIONS
INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION
ON STANDARDIZATION AND TECHNICAL REGULATION
IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED by the Institute VNIPIIstromsyr'e with the participation of SoyuzDorNII, NIIZhB, TsNIIOMTP of the Russian Federation
INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia
2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (ISTC) on November 10, 1993
|
State name |
The name of the government building authority |
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The Republic of Azerbaijan |
Gosstroy of the Azerbaijan Republic |
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Republic of Armenia |
State Supraarchitecture of the Republic of Armenia |
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Republic of Belarus |
Gosstroy of the Republic of Belarus |
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The Republic of Kazakhstan |
Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
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Republic of Kyrgyzstan |
Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic |
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The Republic of Moldova |
Minarhstroy of the Republic of Moldova |
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the Russian Federation |
Gosstroy of Russia |
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The Republic of Tajikistan |
Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan |
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The Republic of Uzbekistan |
Goskomarkhitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan |
3 PUT INTO EFFECT from July 1, 1995 as a state standard of the Russian Federation by the Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 28, 1994 No. 18-29
4 REPLACE GOST 8736-85, GOST 26193-84
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS
Technicalterms
Sand for construction works.
Specifications
Introduction date 1995-07-01
1 AREA OF USE
This standard applies to natural sand and sand from screenings of crushing rocks with a true grain density of 2.0 to 2.8 g / cm 3, intended for use as aggregate for heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concretes, mortars, preparation of dry mixtures for the construction of bases and coatings of highways and airfields.
The requirements of this standard do not apply to graded and crushed sands.
The requirements of this standard set out in clauses,,,, sections and are mandatory.
2 REGULATORY REFERENCES
Throughout this standard, references are made to the following standards.
Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks and industrial waste for construction work. Physical and mechanical test methods
Sand for construction work. Test methods.
Building materials and products. Determination of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
(Changed edition. Amendment No. 2).
3 DEFINITIONS
The following terms are used in this standard.
Natural sand - inorganic bulk material with a grain size of up to 5 mm, formed as a result of natural destruction of rocky rocks and obtained during the development of sand and sand and gravel deposits without the use or with the use of special processing equipment.
(Modified edition. Amendment No. 1).
Crushed sand - sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm, made from rocky rocks and gravel using special crushing and grinding equipment.
Fractionated sand - sand, divided into two or more fractions using special equipment.
Sand from crushing screenings - inorganic bulk material with a grain size of up to 5 mm, obtained from screenings of crushing rocks in the production of crushed stone and from wastes of enrichment of ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and non-metallic minerals and other industries.
4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 The sand must be made in accordance with the requirements of this standard for the technological documentation approved by the manufacturer.
4.2 Sand, depending on the values \u200b\u200bof standardized quality indicators (grain size composition, content of dust and clay particles), is divided into two classes.
4.3 Basic parameters and dimensions
4.3.1 Depending on the grain size composition, sand is subdivided into groups by size:
I class - very coarse (sand from crushing screenings), increased size, coarse, medium and fine;
II class - very coarse (sand from crushing screenings), increased size, coarse, medium, fine, very fine, fine and very fine.
4.3.2 Each group of sand is characterized by the size modulus value indicated in the table.
Table 1
|
Size module Mk |
|
|
Very large |
St. 3.5 |
|
Increased size |
"3.0 to 3.5 |
|
Large |
"2.5" 3.0 |
|
Average |
"2.0" 2.5 |
|
Small |
"1.5" 2.0 |
|
Very small |
"1.0" 1.5 |
|
Thin |
"0.7" 1.0 |
|
Very thin |
Up to 0.7 |
4.3.3 The total remainder of sand on a sieve with a mesh No. 063 must correspond to the values \u200b\u200bindicated in the table.
table 2
Percentage by weight
|
Total residue on sieve No. 063 |
|
|
Very large |
St. 75 |
|
Increased size |
"65 to 75 |
|
Large |
"45" 65 |
|
Average |
"30" 45 |
|
Small |
"10" 30 |
|
Very small |
To 10 |
|
Thin |
Not standardized |
|
Very thin |
»» |
|
Note - By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, in sand of class II, a deviation of the total residue on sieve No. 063 from the above is allowed, but not more than ± 5%. |
|
4.3.4 Content of grains with a size of St. 10, 5 and less than 0.16 mm should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bindicated in the table.
Table 3
In percent by weight, no more
|
St. 10 mm |
St. 5 mm |
Less than 0.15mm |
|
|
Class I |
|||
|
Small |
|||
|
Class II |
|||
|
Very coarse and oversized |
|||
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Large and medium |
|||
|
Small and very small |
|||
|
Slim and very thin |
Not allowed |
Not standardized |
|
4.4 Characteristics
in natural sand
in sand from crushing screenings
in natural sand
in sand from crushing screenings
Class I
Very large
0,35
Increased size. large and medium
0,25
0,35
Small
0,35
0,50
Class II
Very large
Oversized, large and medium
Small and very small
Slim and very thin
Not standardized
0,1*
Note - In very fine natural sand of class II, by agreement with the consumer, the content of dust and clay particles is allowed up to 7% by weight.
* For sands obtained by dressing ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and non-metallic minerals of other industries.
4.4.2 Sands from crushing screenings, depending on the strength of rock and gravel, are divided into grades. Igneous and metamorphic rocks must have a compressive strength of at least 60 MPa, sedimentary rocks at least 40 MPa.
The grade of sand from crushing screenings in terms of strength must correspond to that indicated in the table.
Table 5
|
Compressive strength of rock in a water-saturated state, MPa, not less |
Gravel grade by crushing in a cylinder |
|
|
1400 |
||
|
1200 |
||
|
1000 |
Dr8 |
|
|
Dr12 |
||
|
Dr16 |
||
|
Dr24 |
||
|
Note - It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, the supply of sandII from sedimentary rocks with a compressive strength less than 40 MPa, but not less than 20 MPa. |
||
Sand durability is determined by the mineralogical and petrographic composition and the content of harmful components and impurities. The list of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities, and their maximum permissible content are given in the appendix.
4.4.4 Sand from crushing screenings of rocks, having a true grain density of more than 2.8 g / cm 3 or containing grains of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components in an amount exceeding their permissible content, or containing several different harmful components, is released for specific types of construction work according to technical documents developed in accordance with the established procedure and agreed with laboratories specialized in the field of corrosion.
4.4.5 It is allowed to supply a mixture of natural sand and sand from crushing screenings with a content of the latter not less than 20% by weight, while the amount of the mixture must meet the requirements of this standard for the quality of sand from crushing screenings.
4.4.6 The manufacturer must inform the consumer of the following characteristics established by geological exploration:
Mineral and petrographic composition, indicating rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities;
Emptiness;
The true density of the sand grains.
When AND eff up to 370 Bq / kg - in newly constructed residential and public buildings;
When AND eff St. 370 to 740 Bq / kg - for road construction within the territory of settlements and areas of prospective development, as well as for the construction of industrial buildings and structures;
When AND eff St. 740 to 1500 Bq / kg - in road construction on stumps of settlements.
If necessary, in the national norms in force on the territory of the state, the value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides can be changed within the limits specified above.
(Modified edition. Amendments No. 1, 2).
4.4.9 The sand should not contain foreign contaminants.
5 RULES OF ACCEPTANCE
5.1 The sand should be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control service.
5.2 To verify that the quality of the sand meets the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests are carried out.
5.3 Acceptance tests at the manufacturing plant are carried out daily by testing one replaceable sample taken from each technological line.
Acceptance control determines:
Grain composition;
Once a quarter - bulk density (bulk density at humidity during shipment is determined as required), as well as the presence of organic impurities (humic substances) in natural sand;
Once a year and in each case of changes in the properties of the developed rock - the true density of grains, the content of rocks and minerals attributed to harmful components and impurities, the strength grade of sand from crushing screenings, the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.
Periodic monitoring of the indicator of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is carried out in specialized laboratories accredited in the prescribed manner for the right to conduct gamma-spectrometric tests or in radiation-measuring laboratories of supervisory authorities.
In the absence of geological exploration data on the radiation-hygienic assessment of the deposit and the conclusion on the class of sand, the manufacturer conducts a radiation-hygienic assessment of the developed rock areas by the express method directly at the bottom or in the finished product warehouses (alluvial map) in accordance with the requirements.
5.5 Sampling and preparation of sand samples for quality control at the manufacturer is carried out in accordance with the requirements.
5.6 Delivery and acceptance of sand is carried out in batches. A batch is considered to be the amount of material simultaneously supplied to one consumer in one train or in one vessel. When shipped by road, a batch is considered to be the amount of sand shipped to one consumer during the day.
5.7 The consumer, when checking the quality of sand, must apply the specified sampling procedure. In case of unsatisfactory results of the control check for the grain composition and the content of dust and clay particles, the batch of sand is not accepted.
Lot size Number of spot samples
Up to 350 m ............................................... ...................................ten
St. 350 to 700 m ............................................ ..........................fifteen
St. 700 m .............................................. ....................................ten
From the spot samples, a consolidated sample is formed that characterizes the lot to be controlled. Averaging, reduction and sample preparation are carried out according to.
5.9 To check the quality of sand shipped by rail, point samples are taken when unloading cars from the flow of sand on belt conveyors used to transport it to the consumer's warehouse. When unloading the wagon, five point samples are taken at regular intervals. The number of cars is determined taking into account the receipt of the required number of spot samples in accordance with.
The cars are selected at the direction of the consumer. In the event that the batch consists of one wagon, five spot samples are taken during unloading, from which a combined sample is obtained.
If continuous transport is not used during unloading, point samples are taken directly from the cars. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled and holes 0.2-0.4 m deep are dug at the sampling points. The sampling points should be located in the center and in the four corners of the car, while the distance from the sides of the car to the sampling points should be not less than 0.5 m. Samples from the wells are taken with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the walls of the well.
5.10 For control check of the quality of sand supplied by water transport, point samples are taken when unloading ships. When used for unloading belt conveyors, spot samples are taken at regular intervals from the flow of sand on the conveyors. When unloading a vessel with grab cranes, spot samples are taken with a scoop at regular intervals as unloading proceeds directly from the newly formed sand surface in the vessel, and not from the holes.
For a control check of sand unloaded from ships and laid on the alluvial maps by hydromechanization, point samples are taken in accordance with 2.9.
Where belt conveyors are used for sand unloading, spot samples are taken from the sand stream on the conveyors. One spot sample is taken when unloading each vehicle. The number of cars is determined taking into account the receipt of the required number of spot samples by. Cars are chosen at the direction of the consumer.
If the batch consists of less than ten vehicles, sand samples are taken from each vehicle.
If conveyor transport is not used when unloading vehicles, point samples are taken directly from the vehicles. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled, a hole 0.2-0.4 m deep is dug in the center of the body. A sand sample is taken from the hole with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the wall of the hole.
5.12 The amount of sand supplied is determined by volume or weight. Sand measurement is carried out in wagons, ships or cars.
The sand, loaded in wagons or cars, is weighed on a truck scale. The mass of sand shipped in ships is determined by the draft of the ship.
The amount of sand from units of mass to units of volume is recalculated according to the values \u200b\u200bof the bulk density of the sand, determined at its moisture content during shipment. The supply agreement indicates the calculated moisture content of the sand adopted by agreement of the parties.
5.13 The manufacturer is obliged to accompany each batch of supplied sand with a document on its quality of the established form, which must indicate:
Manufacturer's name and address;GOST 8735.
6.2 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in the sand is determined by.
7 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
7.1 The sand is transported in open railway wagons and ships, as well as in cars in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods by the appropriate mode of transport approved in accordance with the established procedure and stored at the manufacturer's and consumer's warehouse in conditions that protect the sand from pollution.
When transporting sand by rail, the requirements of the Technical Conditions for Loading and Securing Cargo, approved by the Ministry of Railways, must also be met.
7.2 When shipping and storing sand in winter, the manufacturer must take measures to prevent freezing (shoveling, processing with special solutions, etc.).
APPENDIX A
(required)
The permissible content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities in sand used as aggregate for concrete and mortars should not exceed the following values:
Amorphous varieties of silicon dioxide, soluble in alkalis (chalcedony, opal, flint, etc.) - no more than 50 mmol / l;
Sulfur, sulfides, except pyrite (marcasite, pyrrhotite, etc.) and sulfates (gypsum, anhydrite, etc.) in terms ofSO 3 - no more than 1.0%, pyrite in terms of SO 3 - no more than 4% by weight;
Mica - no more than 2% by weight:
Galloidal compounds (halite, sylvin, etc.), including water-soluble chlorides, in terms of chlorine ion - no more than 0.15% by weight;
Coal - no more than 1% by weight;
Organic impurities (humic acids) - less than the amount that gives the sodium hydroxide solution (colorimetric test by) a color corresponding to the color of the standard or darker than this color. The use of sand that does not meet this requirement is allowed only after obtaining positive results of testing sand in concrete or mortar for durability characteristics.
The permissible content of zeolite, graphite, oil shale is established on the basis of studies of the effect of sand on the durability of concrete or mortar.
APPENDIX B
(informational)
(Deleted. Amendment No. 2).
Keywords: natural sand, construction work, sand from crushing screenings, graded sand, crushed sand, grain size composition
The standard applies to natural sand and sand from screenings of crushing rocks with a true grain density of 2.0 to 2.8 g / cm3, intended for use as a filler for heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concretes, mortars, preparation of dry mixtures for the arrangement of bases and coatings of roads and airfields.
The requirements of the standard do not apply to fractionated and crushed sands
| Designation: | GOST 8736-93 * |
| Russian name: | Sand for construction work. Technical conditions |
| Status: | acting |
| Replaces: | GOST 26193-84 “Materials from screenings of crushing of igneous rocks for construction work. Specifications "GOST 8736-85" Sand for construction work. Technical conditions " |
| Date of text update: | 08.10.2010 |
| Date added to the database: | 08.10.2010 |
| Effective date: | 01.07.1995 |
| Designed by: | TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy USSR 127434, Moscow, Dmitrovskoe sh., 9 VNIPIISTROMSYR'E 109028, Moscow, Pokrovsky blvd., 6/20 NIIZhB 109428, Moscow, 2nd Institutskaya st., 6 Union of the Russian Federation |
| Approved: | Ministry of Construction of Russia (28.11.1994) |
| Published: | Standards Publishing House No. 1995 Standartinform No. 2009 |
GOST 8736-93
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS
TECHNICAL CONDITIONS
INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION
ON STANDARDIZATION AND TECHNICAL REGULATION
IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED by the Institute VNIPIistromsyr'e with the participation of SoyuzDorNII, NIIZhB, TsNIIOMTP of the Russian Federation
VNESENMinstroy of Russia
2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (ISTC) on November 10, 1993
| State name | The name of the government building authority |
| The Republic of Azerbaijan | Gosstroy of the Azerbaijan Republic |
| Republic of Armenia | State Supraarchitecture of the Republic of Armenia |
| Republic of Belarus | Gosstroy of the Republic of Belarus |
| The Republic of Kazakhstan | Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| Republic of Kyrgyzstan | Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic |
| The Republic of Moldova | Minarhstroy of the Republic of Moldova |
| the Russian Federation | Gosstroy of Russia |
| The Republic of Tajikistan | Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan |
| The Republic of Uzbekistan | Goskomarkhitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan |
3 PUT INTO EFFECT from July 1, 1995 as a state standard of the Russian Federation by the Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 28, 1994 No. 18-29
4 REPLACE GOST 8736-85, GOST 26193-84
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS
Technicalterms
Sand for construction works.
Specifications
Introduction date 1995-07-01
1 AREA OF USE
This standard applies to natural sand and sand from screenings of crushing rocks with a true grain density of 2.0 to 2.8 g / cm 3, intended for use as a filler for heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concretes, mortars, preparation of dry mixtures, for the arrangement of foundations and coatings of highways and airfields.
This standard does not apply to graded and crushed sands.
The requirements of this standard set forth in clauses,,,, sections and, are mandatory.
2 REGULATORY REFERENCES
GOST8269.0 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks and industrial waste for construction work. Physical and mechanical test methods
GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test methods.
GOST30108-94 Building materials and products. Determination of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
(Changed edition. Amendment No. 2).
3 DEFINITIONS
The following terms are used in this standard.
Natural sand - inorganic bulk material with a grain size of up to 5 mm, formed as a result of natural destruction of rocky rocks and obtained during the development of sand and sand-gravel deposits without use or with the use of special processing equipment.
(Modified edition. Amendment No. 1).
Crushed sand - sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm, made from rocky rocks and gravel using special crushing and grinding equipment.
Fractionated sand - sand, divided into two or more fractions using special equipment.
Sand from crushing screenings - inorganic bulk material with a grain size of 5 mm, obtained from screenings of crushing of rocks in the production of crushed stone and from wastes of enrichment of ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and non-metallic fossils and other industries.
4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 The sand must be made in accordance with the requirements of this standard and the technological documentation approved by the manufacturer.
4.2 Sand, depending on the values \u200b\u200bof the standardized quality indicators (grain size composition, content of dusty and clay particles), is divided into two classes.
4.3 Basic parameters and dimensions
4.3.1 Depending on the grain size composition, sand is subdivided into groups by size:
I class - very coarse (sand from crushing screenings), increased size, coarse, medium and fine;
Class II - very coarse (sand from crushing screenings), increased size, coarse, medium, fine, very fine, fine and very fine.
4.3.2 Each sand group is characterized by the size modulus value indicated in the table.
Table 1
| Size module Mk |
|
| Very large | St. 3.5 |
| Increased size | "3.0 to 3.5 |
| Large | "2.5" 3.0 |
| Average | "2.0" 2.5 |
| Small | "1.5" 2.0 |
| Very small | "1.0" 1.5 |
| Thin | "0.7" 1.0 |
| Very thin | Up to 0.7 |
4.3.3 The total remainder of the sand sieve with mesh No. 063 must correspond to the values \u200b\u200bindicated in the table.
table 2
Percentage by weight
| Total residue on sieve No. 063 |
|
| Very large | St. 75 |
| Increased size | "65 to 75 |
| Large | "45" 65 |
| Average | "30" 45 |
| Small | "10" 30 |
| Very small | To 10 |
| Thin | Not standardized |
| Very thin | »» |
| Note - By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, in sand of class II, the deviation of the total residue on sieve No. 063 from the above is allowed, but not more than ± 5%. |
|
4.3.4 Content of grain size 10, 5 and less than 0.16 mm should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bindicated in the table.
Table 3
In percent by weight, not more
| St. 10 mm | St. 5 mm | Less than 0.15mm |
|
| Class I | |||
| Small | |||
| Class II | |||
| Very coarse and oversized | |||
| Large and medium | |||
| Small and very small | |||
| Slim and very thin | Not allowed | Not standardized |
|
4.4 Characteristics
in natural sand
in sand from crushing screenings
in natural sand
in sand from crushing screenings
Class I
Very large
0,35
Increased size. large and medium
0,25
0,35
Small
0,35
0,50
Class II
Very large
Oversized, large and medium
Small and very small
Slim and very thin
Not standardized
0,1*
Note - In very fine natural sand of class II, in agreement with the consumer, the content of dust and clay particles up to 7% by weight is allowed.
* For sands obtained by dressing ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and non-metallic minerals of other industries.
4.4.2 Sands from screening, depending on the strength of the rock and gravel, are divided into grades. The igneous and metamorphic rocks must have a compressive strength of less than 60 MPa, sedimentary rocks - at least 40 MPa.
The grade of sand from screening by strength must correspond to that indicated in the table.
Table 5
| Compressive strength of rock in a water-saturated state, MPa, not less | Gravel grade by crushing in a cylinder |
|
| 1400 | ||
| 1200 | ||
| 1000 | Dr8 |
|
| Dr12 |
||
| Dr16 |
||
| Dr24 |
||
| Note - It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, the supply of sandII from sedimentary rocks with a compressive strength less than 40 MPa, but not less than 20 MPa. |
||
Resistance of sand is determined by the mineralogical and petrographic composition and the content of harmful components and impurities. The list of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities, and their maximum permissible content are given in the appendix.
4.4.4 Sand from screening of rocks, having a true grain density of more than 2.8 g / cm 3 or containing grains of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components in an amount exceeding their permissible content, or containing several different harmful components, is produced for specific species construction works according to technical documents developed in accordance with the established procedure and coordinated with laboratories specialized in the field of corrosion.
4.4.5 It is allowed to supply a mixture of natural sand and sand from crushing screenings with a content of the latter not less than 20% by mass, while the amount of the mixture must meet the requirements of this standard for the quality of sand from crushing screenings.
4.4.6 The manufacturer must inform the consumer of the following characteristics established by geological exploration:
Mineral and petrographic composition with indication of rocks and minerals attributed to harmful components and impurities;
Emptiness;
The true density of the sand grains.
When AND eff up to 370 Bq / kg - in newly constructed residential and public buildings;
When AND eff St. 370 to 740 Bq / kg - for road construction within the territory of settlements and areas of promising development, as well as for the construction of industrial buildings and structures;
When AND eff St. 740 to 1500 Bq / kg - in road construction outside settlements.
If necessary, in the national standards in force on the territory of the state, the value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides can be changed within the limits specified above.
(Modified edition. Amendments No. 1, 2).
4.4.9 The sand should not contain foreign contaminants.
5 RULES OF ACCEPTANCE
5.1 The sand should be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control service.
5.2 Acceptance and periodic tests are carried out to verify that the quality of the sand meets the requirements of this standard.
5.3 Acceptance tests at the manufacturing plant are carried out daily by testing a single shift sample taken in accordance with GOST 8735 from each processing line.
Acceptance control determines:
Grain composition;
Once a quarter - bulk density (bulk density with moisture during shipment is determined as necessary), as well as the presence of organic impurities (humic substances) in natural sand;
Once a year and in each case of changes in the properties of the developed rock - the true density of grains, the content of rocks and minerals attributed to harmful components and impurities, the strength of sand from crushing screenings, the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.
Periodic control of the indicator of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is carried out in specialized laboratories accredited in the prescribed manner to conduct gamma-spectrometric tests or in radiation-measuring laboratories of supervisory authorities.
In the absence of geological survey data on the radiation-hygienic assessment of the deposit and the conclusion on the class of sand, the manufacturer conducts the radiation-hygienic assessment of the developed rock areas by the express method directly at the bottom or in the finished product warehouses (alluvial map) in accordance with the requirements of GOST 30108.
5.5 Sampling and preparation of a sample for quality control at the manufacturer is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 8735.
5.6 Delivery and acceptance of sand is carried out in batches. A batch is considered the amount of material supplied to one consumer at the same time in one train or in one ship. When shipped by road, the batch is considered the amount of sand shipped to one consumer during the day.
5.7 The consumer, when checking the quality of the sand, must apply the sampling procedure given in -. In case of unsatisfactory results of the control check on the grain size composition and the content of dust and clay particles, the batch of sand is not accepted.
Batch volume Number of samples
Up to 350 m ............................................... ...................................ten
St. 350 to 700 m ............................................ ..........................fifteen
St. 700 m .............................................. ....................................ten
A pooled sample is formed from the spot samples, which characterizes the controlled batch. Averaging, reduction and sample preparation are carried out in accordance with GOST 8735.
5.9 To check the quality of sand shipped by rail, spot samples are taken when unloading cars from the flow of sand on belt conveyors used to transport it to the consumer's warehouse. When unloading the wagon, take five spot samples at regular intervals. The number of cars is determined taking into account the receipt of the required number of spot samples in accordance with.
The cars are selected at the direction of the consumer. If the batch consists of one wagon, five spot samples are taken during unloading, from which a combined sample is obtained.
If continuous transport is not used during unloading, point samples are taken directly from the cars. For this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled and holes 0.2-0.4 m deep are dug at the sampling points. The sampling points should be located in the center and in the four corners of the car. in this case, the distance from the sides of the car of the sampling points must be at least 0.5 m. Samples from the holes are taken with a scoop, moving it from the bottom up along the walls of the hole.
5.10 To check the quality of sand supplied by water transport, point samples are taken when unloading ships. When used for unloading belt conveyors, spot samples are taken at regular intervals from the sand stream on the conveyors. When unloading a vessel with grab cranes, spot samples are taken with a scoop at regular intervals as the unloading proceeds directly to the newly formed sand surface in the vessel, and not from the holes.
For control check of sand, unloaded from ships and placed on the alluvium maps by hydromechanization, point samples are taken in accordance with 2.9 GOST 8735.
When belt conveyors are used for unloading sand, spot samples are taken from the sand stream on conveyors. When unloading each vehicle, take one spot sample. The number of cars is determined taking into account the required number of spot samples. Cars are selected at the direction of the consumer.
If the batch consists of less than ten vehicles, sand samples are taken from each vehicle.
If conveyor transport is not used for unloading vehicles, point samples are taken directly from vehicles. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled, a hole 0.2-0.4 m deep is dug in the center of the body. A sample of sand is taken from the hole by moving it from bottom to top along the wall of the hole.
5.12 The quantity of sand supplied is determined by volume or mass. Sand measurement is carried out in wagons, ships or cars.
Sand loaded in wagons or cars is weighed on a truck scale. The mass of sand shipped to ships is determined by the draft of the ship.
The amount of sand from mass units to volume units is recalculated according to the values \u200b\u200bof the bulk density of the sand, determined at its moisture content during shipment. The supply agreement indicates the calculated moisture content of the sand adopted by agreement of the parties.
5.13 The manufacturer is obliged to accompany each batch of the supplied sand document on its quality of the established form, which must indicate:
Name of the manufacturer and its address;
Number and date of issue of the document;
Lot number and quantity of sand;
Wagon numbers and ship numbers, invoice numbers;
Class, fineness module, total residue on sieve No. 063;
Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in sand in accordance with;
Designation of this standard.
6 CONTROL METHODS
6.1 Sand tests are carried out in accordance with GOST 8735.
6.2 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in sand is determined according to GOST 30108.
7 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
7.1 Sand is transported in open railway wagons and ships, as well as cars in accordance with the established rules for the carriage of goods by the appropriate mode of transport and stored in a warehouse with the manufacturer and consumer under conditions that protect the sand from contamination.
When transporting by sand-rail transport, the requirements of the Technical conditions for loading and securing cargo, approved by the Ministry of Railways, must also be met.
7.2 When shipping and storing sand in winter, the manufacturer must take measures to prevent freezing (shoveling, processing with special solutions, etc.).
APPENDIX A
(required)
The permissible content of the breed of minerals classified as harmful components and impurities in sand used as aggregate for concrete and mortars should not exceed the following values:
Amorphous varieties of silicon dioxide, soluble in alkalis (chalcedony, opal, flint, etc.) - not more than 50 mmol / l;
Sulfur, sulfides, cromepyrite (marcasite, pyrrhotite, etc.) and sulfates (gypsum, anhydrite, etc.) in terms ofSO 3 - no more than 1.0%, pyrite in terms of SO 3 - no more than 4% by weight;
Mica - no more than 2% by mass:
Galloidal compounds (halite, sylvin, etc.), including water-soluble chlorides, in terms of the chlorine ion - no more than 0.15% by weight;
Coal - no more than 1% by mass;
Organic impurities (humic acids) - less than the amount that gives the sodium hydroxide solution (colorimetric test according to GOST 8267) a color corresponding to the color of the standard or darker than this color. The use of sand that does not meet this requirement is allowed only after obtaining positive results of sand testing in concrete or mortar on characteristics durability.
The permissible content of zeolite, graphite, oil shale is established on the basis of studies of the effect of sand on the durability of concrete or mortar.
APPENDIX B
(informational)
(Deleted. Amendment No. 2).
Keywords:natural sand, construction work, sand from crushing screenings, graded sand, crushed sand, grain size composition
“Sand for construction work. Specifications "GOST 8736-93
When performing construction activities, building sand is necessarily used, which is a universal material. It is characterized by its natural origin. Depending on the size of the sand fraction and the concentration of impurities, it is subjected to additional processing by grinding, washing, drying or sieving.
Natural sand obtained as a result of natural processes is a mixture of particles of mountain minerals, which were formed as a result of the disintegration of stone rocks with increased hardness.
Sands, depending on the method of extraction, are characterized by individual physical and mechanical characteristics that determine the strength, ease of preparation of a concrete solution produced on their basis.
The set of technical requirements for the types of sand raw materials is regulated by GOST 8736 93. Let us dwell on the types of compositions, consider the main requirements of the current standard.
Natural sand is an inorganic bulk material with a grain size of up to 5 mm, formed as a result of natural destruction of rocky rocks
Varieties of materials
The sand used for construction work is distinguished by its operational characteristics, physical and mechanical properties, depending on the methods of production, which divide the fraction into the following types:
- material of a quarry origin, obtained using a special technique, containing clay and mineral inclusions. The increased concentration of foreign impurities requires additional cleaning with water. The result is alluvial sand at an affordable price;
- seeded sand mass, which is a kind of quarry material. It is characterized by an increased cleaning factor, which is due to the use of special equipment for sieving. Seeded sand is characterized by a reduced concentration of foreign inclusions. It is used to prepare mortars, compositions for plaster, screeds;
- river sand extracted from reservoirs, washed in a natural way, which does not require special cleaning. It has a reduced concentration of foreign impurities, which allows it to be used as a filler for concrete mortar and a material used for plaster. It is characterized by an increased production cost;
- quartz sand, produced by grinding a natural mineral - quartz. It is used for special technological purposes, the manufacture of glass products, putty mixtures, special building compounds, painting components;
- sand produced as a result of crushing fractions obtained by crushing hard rocks. The secondary product is characterized by increased strength and specific gravity. It is used as an aggregate for frost-resistant concrete grades. It is characterized by heterogeneity associated with an increased concentration of the dusty fraction.
The quality characteristics of sand and the degree of its suitability for certain works are based on a number of laboratory tests
General Provisions
The clauses of the standard for sand apply to the following types of bulk materials:
- natural origin, quarried or by river. Material of inorganic origin is the result of natural processes for the destruction of rocks. Natural sand is obtained during the development of special deposits. The use of enrichment technology is allowed;
- obtained by sieving crushed rocks. The starting material is screening of inorganic origin, obtained in the manufacture of crushed stone, as well as in the process of screening fractions obtained during the enrichment of ores and minerals.
Sands that meet the standard differ in specific gravity of 2000-2800 kg / m3.
The provisions of the standard do not apply to the following types of fractions:
- Sands sifted using special devices, differing in geometrical dimensions and artificially divided into several fractions.
- Crushed fractions up to 5 millimeters in size, produced by crushing rocky rocks on special crushing devices.
Application
GOST 8736 is a standard that is supported and defined in most of the CIS countries... This standard is applicable only to material of natural, natural origin and that which is obtained as a result of sand screening when grinding hard, rocks.
In the latter case, the true density is in the range of 2.0-2.8 g / cm. The purpose is to be used as a filler for heavy, light and other types of concrete. It is used as a filler for highways, construction of structures.
Sand standards references
Under the regulation some references to other GOSTs are used:
- GOST number 8267 93 - it contains standards for dense mountain rocks and work with crushed stone, gravel obtained in this way. White paper;
- GOST number 8269.0 97 - Crushed stone, which is obtained when working with hard rocks and secondary raw materials obtained from construction. Test calculations;
- GOST number 8735 88 - use of sand in production, methods of testing;
- GOST number 30108 94 - the document defines the conditions for the specific type of radionuclides.
Definitions
Sand happens several types, for a qualitative understanding of the essence of the issue, you need to familiarize yourself with the main differences:
- natural sand. A material that has a free flowing state, while it is inorganic. The grains reach a size of 5 mm. Sand is produced by the natural crushing of rocks. It is obtained by mining from sandy deposits or mixed with gravel;
- special enrichment equipment can be used;
- crushed... The grain size does not differ and is less than 5 mm. It is made by man using special equipment of crushing and grinding type. Obtained as a result of crushing rocks;
- fractional... This is a homogeneous sand that has been previously divided into 2 or more fractions. For this, special equipment for sifting is used;
- screenings from crushing. Product of inorganic origin, grain size up to 5 mm. It is obtained by sifting out the destroyed rocks of the mountains. It is a minor product in the production of crushed stone and some types of metals. Also obtained from some non-metallic minerals.
Technical requirements
Manufacturing is carried out in accordance with the standards of technical documentation, which are agreed with the company and the norms of technical legislation.
Sand is divided into 2 classes depending on the quality indicators of the material. The main indicators for division into categories are: the grain of the material and the amount of dust and clay impurities.
According to the grain composition, 2 categories are divided:
- Class I - high quality material, the fraction ranges from coarse to fine;
- Grade II - sand, which is of somewhat inferior quality, but has a greater variety of factions, down to the smallest. At the same time, the thickness of the grain is also determined, the class includes thin and very thin.
Size module
The document regulates the difference in sand by the size modulus (Mk), it also regulates the residual amounts of residues after filtering, it can take the following indicators:
Prior agreement with the manufacturer may indicate that in class II sand deviations from the normative data are permissible, but within 5%.
Also, the document determines the number of large grains and small, dusty ones. So, to comply with the standard you need:
Specifications
The document strictly regulates the partial share of dusty lumps in the sand. Also the percentage of clay is determined.
Strength grade
Deviation in fine-grained material of the second class is allowed, but by prior agreement with the manufacturer and within 7%. sand has a dependence, especially in the screening type, on the resistance of the material.
Metamorphic rocks differ significantly from igneous rocks. The minimum tensile strength for such types is 60 MPa, and for sedimentary types it is more than 40 MPa.
Regulatory characteristics are presented in the table:
With preliminary agreement of both parties to the contract, it is possible that GOST 8736 sand will have differences (screening out when breaking) strength. Instead of a minimum threshold of 40 MPa, a decrease in this indicator is allowed, but still not lower than 20 MPa.
Sand to be filled, among other characteristics, must be resistant to chemical reaction with alkali. This is influenced by the composition of the sifting sand.
A necessary indicator is also sand, which allows you to assess the penetrating ability of the material.
The higher the value, the more qualitative characteristics it has. The lowest throughput brings the value closer to 0. A low indicator indicates a clay component, which may narrow the scope of use of sand.
The resistance of the sand is determined by means of the mineral composition, taking into account substances that harm the quality of the material.
In position A, GOST 8736 sand contains instructions on the types and possible components, impurities that are considered harmful. and the true density, filtration coefficient, grain components - sand made taking into account GOST 8736 93 must be kept individually by the manufacturer and indicated in the documents.
Natural quarry or mining
Sand and screenings that have a grain size of more than 2.8 g / cm or contain rocks, impurities with a negative impact can have a limited number of applications.
When there are any deviations from the standards, then such sand has a narrow focus on undemanding areas of production. This is pre-regulated with specialized research centers.
Coarse for construction work
Building sand that has passed GOST 8736 93 is allowed to mix between natural type and screening sand. Mass fraction of the second type is not more than 20%.
The manufacturer is obliged to provide the buyer with complete information on geological exploration, which indicates: petrographic-mineral structure of the rock, the amount and type of organic matter, the density of grains, and voidness.
Medium-grained river
Natural river sand should have a reference color even when the material is treated with sodium. Radiation-hygienic assessment is carried out in special laboratories, where the level of natural radionuclides is determined.
Based on the estimated data, it is concluded about the scope of use sand:
- content less than 370 Bq / kg - the material is applicable for the construction of new buildings;
- the amount from 370 to 740 Bq / kg allows the use of sand as filling for highways that are located within populated areas. Also allowed for use in the construction of enterprises;
- if the assessment showed 740-1500 Bq / kg - this is the least valuable type, used only for laying highways outside cities.
Sand GOST 8736 93 is cleaned of garbage, if possible, otherwise it is excluded from production.
For more information on the use of sand, see the video:
Rules for the reception of quartz, river and alluvial sand
River sand, alluvial sand and screenings during crushing must be assessed before shipment to the consumer and additional samples are taken upon delivery of the cargo. For this, special tests are carried out, the technical control service is responsible for the reception.
To maintain quality, acceptance control is carried out, as well as periodic testing and inspection of the condition of rocks. Control is carried out within the enterprise once a day.
So samples are taken from each production line, then it is confirmed whether the sand is suitable for construction or whether there are any deviations from the norm.
During control comes to light:
- the composition of the grains;
- the presence of clay and its amount in pieces;
- the amount of dusty residues and clay components;
- lack of third-party impurities and debris.
Periodic control is carried out in order to determine changes in rocks over a certain period of time:
- once every 3 months - the density of the embankment is determined, if necessary, a test is possible under certain humidity conditions. The presence of harmful, organic additives and their quantity are revealed;
- once a year or when the composition of the rock is changing, it is necessary to check the density of the grains, the amount of minerals contained, mainly harmful. The strength grade and efficiency of radionuclides are determined.
Research on radionuclides cannot be carried out within the enterprise, so the samples are taken to specialized research institutions. They must be accredited by supervisors.
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If geological analysis data are not available, then an assessment of radioactivity can be made immediately after mining. An expressive version is used based on the alluvium map. Sample preparation for examination is carried out on the basis of GOST 8735.
The material is sold in batches, so acceptance and delivery is made for all the material included in the batch.
When delivered by rail or sea, the consignment is the simultaneous quantity of the shipped cargo. Upon delivery, all material delivered per day is taken into account.
Why do you need a passport for sand GOST 8736 93
The consumer may require passport for sand GOST 8736 93 issued to the enterprise and technical documentation for the batch. To obtain information about the quality of the goods, samples should be taken, their quantity depends on the order:
- for a batch up to 350 m3, the number of samples is 10
- orders of 350 - 700 m3 can be sampled 15 times;
- over 700 m3 should be sampled from 20 different locations.
The price per m3 of sand GOST 8736 93 is approximately 500 rubles, but the cost varies greatly in accordance with the quality of the product, the distance of the quarry and the manufacturer's or intermediary's premium. So river sand GOST 8736 93 is somewhat more expensive than screening after crushing.
Also sand coarse-grained is somewhat cheaper, than the fine fraction and not every manufacturer divides the fraction.
Transport and storage
Sand can be transported in trains and ships, and does not need coating. In cars, transportation is carried out according to the approved standards of the enterprise itself.
The main condition for storing sand is a warehouse with a sufficient level of hygiene so that the sand does not get dirty.
Most of the transportation rules are standardized in the relevant requirements for rail transport and traffic rules.
In the winter time, it is necessary to store in a place that will prevent the material from freezing. The room is rarely heated because of the large ones, so the material is sometimes shoveled or processed with solutions that do not spoil the quality of the sand.
Conclusion
Natural sand, alluvial, construction sand or screening from rocks gOST 8736 93 regulates compliance with technical standards for use in construction. The main provisions of the decree are technical standards and product quality control.