The price is also available for any level of wealth.
Comfort
Warm floor, both water and infrared, allows you to create the most correct heat distribution throughout the room. The heated air rises from top to bottom, so that the legs will not have discomfort all the time. Fail on such a floor is nice and completely safe.
Hygienic
If we consider the process of moving heat in space from heat sources, such as radiators or convectors, then you can see that with air upwards, dust swept on the surface. In the case of a warm floor, this process is excluded. It is very convenient, especially if children or people suffering from asthma are present in the family.
Economy
The minimum temperature is formed only under the ceiling. But why a person is this space? Thus, the entire territory of the room in which is customary to be heated evenly, it creates the effect of significant energy savings.
Durability
Of course, the service life will mainly depend on the materials and mode of operation. But for water systems, it is still much higher than the electric floor.
Self-regulation
One of the important characteristics of the heated floor is that it supports the specified mode without outside intervention. This is due to the internal processes when the floor heats the air until the temperatures are equal.
Simplicity
Water warm floor, as the film, is installed very easily, and this can be done without purchasing special skills. Probably the most difficult stage is design. A schematic layout and thinking of optimal location requires a thorough approach. But the installation of pipes, their connection is not at all difficult.
Step 2. Restrictions
Warm water floor is possible for installation in rooms, which were originally thought out for this. That is, if in the cottage the project is laid on the floor on the floor, then this can be done at any time. In the apartments of multi-storey houses, unfortunately, it is impossible. It is explained by this by the fact that the radiators do water under certain pressure, which is designed for all apartments, and if you create a drain, it will change, and the neighbors will suffer.
If it is decided to install the water floor, then immediately need to consider the option of flooring. For him, the tile or laminate is best suited. Linoleum is not very recommended by experts, since not all it is made from high-quality materials. Some components during heating may highlight a terrible smell or harmful toxic substances.
Parquet or carpet is also not suitable due to their high heat transfer. That is, they will not carry out heat outward, but will give back internally, which, of course, is undesirable.
Step 3. Selection of Components
Distribution node. It includes three parts: a collector group, pump and mixer. The pump is responsible for circulation of water, and the mixer provides the necessary temperature. If the floor is installed on a small area, it is possible to adjust it and manually, but if the kitchen is very large, then there are specially adapted pump mixing devices for this.
Floor heating circuit. This is actually a system of running pipes. The optimal option for using PEX-based material is or resistant to high pert temperatures. This raw is light, durable and flexible. Combines such qualities as low price, good technical characteristics and long service life. The water temperature is evenly distributed over the entire surface. If an error occurred, and you incorrectly joined the joints, then, in contrast to metal plastic or metal, the pipes will not lose their properties, and you can easily remake the error.
Step 4. Design
At this stage, it is necessary to determine the system of the warm floor will be the only method of heating or just addition to the main one. In the first case, the temperature distributed over the entire surface will be much lower than in radiators. It is about 30-40 ° C, and in second case - 60-90 ° C. Accordingly, it must be taken into account when setting up a heating boiler.
To calculate the number of pipes, a formula is taken when per 1 square meter. The meter of the square takes 5 meters of pipe. That is, in the kitchen, with an area of \u200b\u200b6 square meters. m., 30 meters of pipes are necessary. The most favorable temperature for perception is 24-26 ° C, which means that at the entrance it should be 2-3 degrees above.
All of the above has concerned the heating system only in the outdoor coating. If the design will be placed additionally to an existing radiator, then you need to create a displacement node that will be switched from high temperatures in radiators to a lower supplied to the floor. The principle of operation is similar to both the ordinary mixer on the tap, it can be controlled both manually and automatically.
To do this, you need to choose a step, considering such moments:
- Determine the zones of active heat loss. They are located near the windows, doors, balconies. Here the step must be 10-15 cm.
- The contour pipe is obliged to touch these zones or go straight under them.
- For the central square of the kitchen, it is advisable to use a step at 20-30 cm.
- Pipe laying can be performed in two ways: snake or spiral. For a small kitchen, it will be best to choose the second option. Flabces will be less, which means there is less likely to deformation of the pipe.
- The distance from the wall to the contour should be at least 15 cm.
Step 5. Mounting
First of all, it is necessary to prepare the surface. To install pipes, it is necessary to eliminate the difference even minor heights, and for this you should spend the screed over the entire surface.
- Layer to prevent moisture from entering. Provided by mastic and ordinary film.
- The layer to eliminate heat loss using a material that includes foamed polyethylene and expanded polystyrene.
After the layers are installed, it is necessary to make marking on the floor according to the drawn pipe location scheme. This can be done by an ordinary marker. Fastening pipes to the surface can be carried out in several ways. The first is the use of the reinforcement grid to which the sections are screwed to the clamps or ordinary wire. And the second is polystyrene plates. This is a special markup for laying pipes. It has small horses, located in a certain order. Between them the pipe is installed.
After all the details are decomposed, connected and connected to the distribution nodes, you must test the system. This is done in order to make sure that the joints are well sealed, it does not flow anywhere, and the pipes withstand the resulting pressure.
If everything went well, a concrete screed is produced, which will subsequently be installed flooring.
Nuances of the formation of a screed of water heat
There are certain features in the formation of a screed for water heat. This is due to the principle of heat distribution in its thickness and used flooring.
1. When laying a water warm floor under the tile, it is necessary to draw a thickness of about 3-5 cm with a thickness of 3-5 cm or calculate the pipes, so that the gap is 10-15 cm. If not to do this, heat from the pipes will not warm the space between them.
2.If placed on such surfaces as laminate, linoleum, etc. Screed is done more thin. In this case, for strength, you can use another reinforcing mesh over a warm floor. This will reduce the thermal path from the pipe to the surface of the floor covering. Under the laminate layer of the heat insulator does not fit, because it will only worsen the effectiveness of the warm floor.
Tips Masters
Preventive
So that the oil paint does not fall when storing and so that the film does not form on it, put on the surface of the paint of the CRC of the LOW from thick paper and "fill it with a thin layer of olifa.
"Polyethylene film that covers a balcony or a greenhouse predes from the cliff with the wind of the BECHEV, stretched from both sides with about between 10-15 cm."
"To work with the concrete mixture it was easier, it is usually added to clay, but clay reduces the strength of the mixture. Add a spoonful of washing powder at the rate of water bucket."
"In order for the screw whose head is hidden behind the obstacle, did not rotate along with the tightened nut, you need to throw several turns of the thread or thin wire on it and slightly pull the ends. Due to the friction, the screw is well held on the spot. The ends of the thread on the fracture layer can be trimmed."
"Cut the tweeter pilot can be without coofer. It is enough to split the front side of the board in the center and cut off by a chisel or an ax of a semi-permanent size of the required size, after which again connect the halves."
Wooden tubes for screws are scattered and falling out of the village. Do not rush cut a new plug. Tightly pick up in the wall of the Kapron from the old stocking. Heated hot-powered DEM Suitable diameter. Sell the hole for the screw. The ravine Capron will turn into a solid cork.
"A carpentry level is not difficult to turn into a theodolite, providing it with a sighting device from a slot and flies."
"In order for two lanes of the linoleum to lay jack, it is convenient to use a self-adhesive decorative film by putting it, under the basis of whether the noleum."
"In order for the nail into the right direction and not bent when scored in a deep hole or groove, it should be placed inside the tube, fixing with mint paper or plasticine."
Before driving a hole in a concrete wall, fasten a little below the paper sheet. Dust and fragments of concrete will not fly around the room.
"To cut off the pipe exactly at a right angle, we advise you to drink it. Take a smooth paper strip and screw it onto the pipe along the dipping line. The plane passing through the chrome paper will be strictly perpendicular to the pipe axis."
"Spindle logs or wooden beams will help an easy when an intact - a segment of a motorcycle or cycling chain, up to a hook-entered on one side and fixed to the late Tom from the other side."
"In order for one one to work in two-handed saw, we advise you to use a simple reception: rearrange the saw handle from the top position to the bottom."
Cut the slate piece of the required size can be saw, but it is better to pierce the hole with a frequency of 2-3 cm on the line of the alleged section of the nail with a frequency of 2-3 cm, after which the slate is broken on the support.
"The best way to stick the tile to the wall: take bitumen, melt and drop only four drops in the corners of the tile. Prints on the dead."
The shaped holes in the manufacture of curly window cages are the most convenient to drink with a shovel with a sharpeble web.
"Production of stained glass - it's a long and difficult. You can make a quick imitation of stained glass. For this, it takes thin specks or rods of the vine, stick to the glass sheet, and then paint the glass and covered with varnish."
"If there was no dowel at hand, it can be made of a piece of plastic tube. For this, the body of the shares of the punched knob can be approaching. Scuffing a piece of the desired length, make a long cancer, approximately half, and a dowel is ready."
"It is known how difficult it is to hang the door, working alone. But it is enough to shorten the lower pin for 2-3 mm and will work much easier."
"Very durable, awesome and sufficient waterproof putty turns out of the bustilat, mixed with any powder - scrap, plaster, cement!, Sawdust, etc."
"If you need to screw in the ends of the chipboard screw, drill the hole slightly less than the diameter of the screw, fill the hole with the" moment "with the glue (only not epoxy!), In a day, screw the screw. The plate is not resolve. However, the resulting connection can be installed only through the load. day. "
"Fix portraits, photos, paintings in a wooden frame with glass is more convenient not carnations, but with the help of stationery ko-bent bent at right angles. The buttons are gently pressing open. Compared to nails, the danger split the thin frames up to a minimum."
"Wrap a screw in solid wood species is not so simple. If a chill is a screw for a screw for a screw, and it's screwed to rub it with soap, then after such an operation, work will go like oil."
In order to save time, the edge of the wallpaper can be trimmed with a sharp knife, without unfolding the roll. To do this, it is necessary to pre-align the ends of the roll and a simple pencil to circle outside the edge boundary. Working a knife, the roll must be gradually rotated in the coagulation direction.
For carrying in the home conditions of large sheets of plywood, a stack of La or thin iron is conveniently use the wire with a telem with three hooks at the bottom and the handle above.
If you want to cut into the distance in the distance of a round stick, this work is easy to perform it with a template. It is made of a metal tube with a groove in the middle. The diameter is selected so that the template slides freely on the stick.
It will be better to work with a hacksaw, if in the middle part of it, the height of the teeth is in the middle part of it.
How to choose a laying step and a way of laying pipes
The most wonderful property of water warm floorCompared to other heating systems, the comfort created in the room by forming the optimal temperature field for man. Unfortunately, the overwhelming majority of companies involved in the installation of warm floors cannot conduct a qualitative calculation of the system, and therefore offer additional heating tools in the form of radiators or convectors even in conditions of modern energy efficient homes. The most important characteristics that affect the efficiency of the system are step step and method of laying Warm pipes. The correct choice of these parameters during project work can significantly increase the efficiency of the heating system and abandon additional heating, while maintaining the main advantages of water warm floor. At the same time, it is necessary to observe the condition of non-testing of the maximum permissible temperature of the floor surface. Of course, a high-quality project of heating system involves the use of high-quality equipment.
Therefore, if you are told that your home cannot be drunk only with a warm floor, without additional use of radiators, convectors or fan coils, you should think. If the house is old and does not have insulation (heat loss is more than 100 W / m 2), then perhaps it is. But if the house is built on modern technologies or has at least a minor heat insulation of the walls and roofs and glass windows installed in it, you have a reason to doubt the competence of the designer. Most likely, this person does not own the necessary knowledge for the qualitative calculation of the water heating floor.
Our experience shows that for any comparatively insulated house (with heat lines of less than 70-80 W / m 2), it is possible to organize heating using any water heating system. If the heat loss is in the range of 80 W / m 2 to 100 W / m 2, the floor heating is possible only with the help of a concrete system using certain technical solutions.
With the competent design of the heating system on the basis of water heat, a sufficiently large number of problems associated with thermal and hydraulic calculations are solved, as well as the choice of technical solutions and engineering approaches.
One of the main tasks is a choice of system type ( concrete or nastyl), as well as fashion and step stacking pipes of water heating floor circuits. It is these parameters that determine the possibility of using a warm floor as a full-fledged single heating system in a particular room. The choice of these parameters is carried out with regard to the purpose of the room and the magnitude of heat losses.
What methods of laying exist
There are two main method of laying The pipes of the contours of water warm floor - "snake" and "snail" (other names "Spiral" or "Shell").
The advantage of "snakes" is simplicity of design and stacking, so this method has been larger than distribution in Western countries. The disadvantages of the method is a larger difference in the temperature of the floor on the room, which leads to the effect of the temperature-"striped" floor, when the different temperature of the floor sections corresponding to the input and output of the contours are felt. Because of this, the degree of comfort is reduced, and it is also likely to (if the heat loss is high) exceeding the temperature of the individual sections of the admissible values \u200b\u200bof SNIP 41-01-2003, according to which the average temperature of the rooms with a permanent stay of people should not exceed 26 ° C, and Family floors with temporary stay of people - 31 ° C. To reduce the effect of temperature "bands", a restriction is introduced to the maximum coolant temperature drop (no more than 5 ° C) at the inlet and outlet of the heating circuits, which also imposes restrictions on the maximum power removed. Therefore, the method of laying a snake is used mainly in rooms with small heat losses or industrial enterprises.
The way of laying "snail" ("Spiral") was obtained the greatest distribution in Russia and Ukraine. The only drawback of the method is more complex design and more time-consuming installation. The main advantage is a uniform temperature distribution over the floor surface, which is achieved due to the consistent alternation of feed (more hot) and reverse (coolest) pipes. The averaging temperature occurs in heat distributors, which protrudes or a concrete screed (with compliance with the minimum screed thickness of 50 mm) or aluminum plates (for desontently flooring systems). This method of laying makes it possible to significantly increase the removable heating load from a warm floor by increasing the permissible temperature drop (pressure / reverse) to 10 ° C, and for systems with high power (for example, for synthetia systems) to 25 ° C.
How to choose a step laying
The following parameter of the heating system under consideration - step step Pipes of water heat circuits (the distance between the pipes of the heat-mall circuits). This is one of the most important parameters and from its choice depends the correct operation of the entire system. The heat load, which can provide water warm floor, as well as the uniformity of the temperature distribution along the floor surface, depends on the laying step. With increasing laying step, it is also necessary to increase the temperature of the coolant supplied to the system to obtain the desired calculated average floor surface temperature.
The laying step value is in the range of values \u200b\u200bfrom 50 to 600 mm. The most commonly used steps: 150, 200 and 300 mm. The choice of laying step is usually produced depending on the type of room and on the value of its calculated heat load. Possible laying options with constant and variable steps. So, with heating load less than 50 W / m 2, it is permissible to lay water heat with a constant step of equal to 300 mm. At high (more than 80 W / m 2), as well as in the bathrooms and indoors, where strict requirements for the uniform temperature of the floor surface are presented, the recommended laying step is 150 mm. In the rest, intermediate cases, as a rule, a variable laying step is taken - in the boundary zones (along the outer walls where the highest heat loss) is used a more frequent step of laying, and in the inner areas of the room - more rare. The number of rows with a smaller step is determined in the process of designing the system. Styling in a step of 200 mm is usually used in large industrial premises, as well as in water parks and pools. In this case, as a rule, a pipe with a diameter of 20 mm is used as a heat-load contour.
The preparation of the flooring project with heating is engaged in qualified specialists who produce calculations using special programs and taking into account all customer requirements. However, the cost of such works is quite high. Therefore, a large number of people are independently engaged in holding settlements using various recommendations. One of the necessary parameters in the calculation is the distance of the pipes of the warm floor among themselves. How to define this parameter, read further.
The main parameters affecting the determination of the pipe laying step
The distance between the heat-mall pipes is determined on the basis of the following parameters that are the main:
- room area;
- species and diameters of pipes used in the heating system;
Definition of the Room Square
Area \u003d Width * Length.
Experts recommend to reduce the resulting indicator on the area occupied by large furniture. Heated floor under furniture is not appropriate, as it can lead to deformation, and the reduction of the area will save money required to arrange the floor.
Taking into account the results obtained, it is possible to determine the most optimal step of the pipeline pipeline.
Influence of type
The pitch of the pipes of water heat is also determined on the basis of the material of the product, or rather from the coefficient of its thermal conductivity, and the pipe.
The highest value of the coefficient has copper and corrugated stainless steel pipes. Next, the decrease in the parameter under consideration occurs according to the following scheme:
- polyethylene;
- polypropylene.
That is, polypropylene pipes have the smallest heat transfer coefficient, which is recommended to use for the organization of the heating system only in exceptional cases.
The higher the coefficient of heat transfer, the topics can be laid and vice versa. Thus, the smaller diameter applies pipes, the less the laying step should be.
The dependence between the step and temperature of the coolant is presented in the table.
With a certain diameter of the pipe, the gasket step must be the higher, the higher the average temperature of the coolant in the system.
The most popular is the pipes with a diameter of 16 mm. At the same time, the laying step is 250 mm - 300 mm in a residential room, 100 mm - 150 mm in the bathroom and 300 mm - 350 mm in other premises.
Extra options
Among the additional parameters affecting the distance between the pipes of the warm water floor can be allocated:
- wishes of the customer about the average temperature in heated room;
- method of pipeline laying.
Indoor temperature
Comfortable temperature for accommodation in various premises is determined by specialists.
Data from the table is defined for the middle strip of Russia, where the temperature during the cold season is rarely lowered below 30ºС. For the northern regions, the indicators presented are recommended to increase by 2 ° C - 4ºС.
Any customer can increase or decrease the temperature in the heating system. For this, when installing the floor, it is sufficient to reduce or increase the pitch of pipe gaskets, respectively.
Methods of laying pipes
Experts distinguish the following pipe gasket methods used for floor arrangement:
- snake or angular snake. The pipe is primarily carried out in the coldest areas of the room (to the outer walls, a balcony or windows), and then the spiral returns back to heating equipment. When using a snake, it is impossible to achieve uniform room warming up. This method is used if you need to cut off the cold air from the places of its receipt and in the presence of additional heating sources. When laying pipes, the snake step between the pipes must be minimally permissible, that is, be 100 mm;
- double snake. The principle of the location of the pipes is similar to the previous scheme. The difference in laying is that the direct and reverse tube go almost in parallel to each other. This method allows an increase in the distance between the turns to 150 mm - 250 mm;
- snail. Pipes are packed by an outward contour and a spiral are reduced to the middle of the room. What distance between the pipes of the warm floor should be when using spiral laying? This method is considered the most optimal. It allows the laying of pipes with the largest distance between them, since heat losses are minimal, and the heating of the floor is quite uniform.
Any type of pipe laying can be done with both the same step and with different distances between the pipes. This method allows you to optimize the distribution of heat indoors.
In more detail with the methods of laying pipes, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of all circuits, you can learn by watching the video.
From the selected flooring step, such indicators are dependent as uniformity of heat distribution, the number of pipes required for the heating system device.
When choosing a small layout step, the floor will be heated too much, which will cause discomfort of living. When applying a scheme with a large layout of layouts, the floor warm up unevenly and the person can feel the temperature difference. The exact calculation of the parameters of the floor is recommended to produce with the assistance of specialists or a specialized computer program, for example.
Greetings to everyone who reads this article! It is devoted to errors when installing a very popular low-temperature heating system at the moment - water heating floor (abbreviated VTP). If someone is not clear, then the warm floors are called the low-temperature system due to the fact that the coolant in them should have a temperature of no more than 50 ° Celsius. At the same time, the temperature of the floor itself should not exceed 26 ° in residential premises and 31 ° Celsius from the tracks and edging of the pools. I recommend reading an article about that. Let's go closer to business and begin to consider mistakes when installing.
Improper preparation of the surface under laying of warm floors.
Often, with independent installation of VTP, people forget that it is necessary to equalize the base under the floor. Let's explain how it threatens - if different sections of the circuit of the warm floor will lie at different levels vertically, then the likelihood of air traffic jams is great. Due to the air traffic jam, the coolant will cease to circulate along the contour, which means it will not warm. To avoid this, you need to align and carefully cleaned the surface from the garbage. For clarity, I suggest you see the following video:
Incorrect laying of damping tape.
Let me remind you that the damper tape is needed in order to compensate for the temperature expansion of concrete, which occur due to increasing its temperature. Often, people forget to fix it to the walls or choose the wrong ribbon width. The damper tape should be higher than the level of the ultimate screed 2-3 cm. The tape wall is fixed using a dowel-nail, if it does not have a sticky side. The tape on the entire length should equally lay down to the wall. Watch the following video:
The video shows the laying of self-adhesive tape, so the installer does not use a dowel-nail. But in the next video they will be:
Incorrect laying of underfloor pipes.
Laying pipe VTP is a difficult thing for inexperienced "Samodelkin", which decided to save on the installation and do everything himself. It all starts with styling heat insulation on a rough screed. As thermal insulation, polystyrene foam of different thicknesses, or foil foamed polyethylene, are used. The latter is used where there is no possibility to lay a thick insulation. It is worth saying that the alkaline medium of the screed quickly corps foil, so it will not be a lot of sense from it. Although at the moment there are samples of such a heater, where the foil is covered on top of a layer of polyethylene, which should protect aluminum from the action of alkali.
Foil isolation
Polystyrene insulation
Isolation due to be laid tightly without backlash.
Now go directly to the problems of laying pipe VTP. List them as a list:
- Lack of a preliminary plan - when installing VTP, the presence of a preliminary plan is very helpful. On the plan there are places of entrance and exit pipes, step styling, indentocent walls and other things.
- Failure to comply with the laying step - many people save on the pipe and make the laying step more than 30 cm. At the same time, Zebra appears. This means that the floor will be cold, then warm. Stacking step is in the range from 10 to 30 cm.
- Too long circuit of warm - for a water warm floor made by a pipe 16 mm in a diameter of a length limit will be 100 meters, and for the 20th pipe restriction there will be a loop length of 120 meters. If you make a loop longer, then the coolant with a large share of probability will not circulate.
I suggest you see this video:
After laying, it is necessary to make crimping pipes with water. Pressing is done by pressure at least 3 atmospheres. Pouring screed on the pipe is also carried out under pressure. It is necessary that the solution does not flatten the pipe with its own weight. Since we started talking about the tie, let's consider this process carefully.
Fill of the tie of the warm floor.
Here comes when it is impossible to retreat further - this is the moment of filling the screed. By this time, the entire pipe should be laid, fixed and under pressure (water in the pipe should be room temperature). By the way about the connection! I recommend that you familiarize yourself with the article that is dedicated.
The main error that can be allowed when pouring is an incorrect screed thickness. It can not be done thinner 3 cm and thicker 10 cm. In addition, the requirements for the composition of the mixture are presented - it should be not lower than the 400 brand. Of course, this requirement is not always complied, but it is necessary to know about it. To say there is more particularly nothing, I suggest see how this is done:
Conclusion.
Water warm floor - a complex engineering system. You can save here, but almost certainly it will be to the detriment of the quality of either materials or work performed. It is worth carefully picking people for such a job, it is desirable that they had some "portfolio", where you can see his successes in this matter. If you are interested, read the article about that. On materials, too, you need to save carefully. The fact that the boost in the concrete should be of good quality so that you do not have to open it all. On this we will say goodbye, waiting for your questions in the comment
Errors when installing warm floors: What you need to know?
Installation of a tie of a warm floor has a number of features. It is important to take into account that the finished design cannot be disassembled to repair or change something in it. The only thing that can be done is to split it and throw it away.
At least it will have to do with individual pieces of screed, which are limited to heat seams and have one water circuit. Therefore, it is very important to approach with maximum responsibility and not allow mistakes.
The reasons for which the boiler does not turn off
Sometimes it happens that during the operation of a warm floor, the boiler begins to work much longer, and, as a result, the fuel consumption increases. This is due to the fact that the screed is heated by the foundation, street walls and even the air around the house. What lies the reason?
It happens that at the edges of the basis for which the screed is installed, there are elevations. If the insulation is not put in this place, it will lead to the problem described. Another frequent reason is saving on extruded polystyrene foam. When this material is placed much less than necessary, the same result is obtained: the screed is heating the street.
In the warm floor there is a large number of pipeline circuits. At the same time, each of them is in its piece of screed, which has a limit in the form of heat seams. For the effective operation of the warm floor, special metal-plastic pipes should be used, having an outer diameter of 1.6 cm. The optimal length in the circuit is from 50 to 80 meters.
Therefore, it is very important that the length of the contours is approximately equal. If you make one of the contours too long, you will have to increase resistance in other circuits. Because of this, the pump will be overloaded, and the warm floor will cease to function.
Appearance on semi sections of different temperatures
When laying pipes, it is important not to exceed the distance between them at 20 cm. Otherwise, areas of different temperatures may occur. The optimal installation step is 15 cm, despite that in one square meter of the warm floor there is about 6.7 meters of pipes. Outdoor walls are recommended to make a step of laying no more than 10 cm, because this zone should warm up stronger.
In order for the screed to fulfill its function well, did not crack and did not rush the pipe, it is important to take into account several main parts.
First of all, it is:
- The screed, made of a mixture of sand and cement, should have a thickness of at least 8 cm.
- One piece with a circuit should not exceed a linear size of 4 meters.
- Add fiber fiber and plasticizer must necessarily.
- It is necessary to reinny pieces of screed using a 15x15 cm mesh, made of a 0.4 cm wire. And fixed at a distance of 2 cm from the bottom plane.
What factors lead to the rupture of pipes and cracking the screed:
- There are no compensation seams between the wall and nearby pieces of the screed.
- Lack of thermal insulation on pipes located in the screed.
- Lack of thermal insulation on pipes located in the strobes of screed to batteries.
- No pipe insulation up to 50 cm located at the entrance or exit to the screed.
So that the pump coped cannot be connected to one collector more than 8 pipes. When pipes are more, you should install an additional manifold. If there is no mixing node of the coolant, and the heat-mall system is incorrectly connected, then overheating. But in the case when the length of the contours does not exceed 40 meters, you can connect them through the RTL boxes.
Mandatory must be equipped with air traps. Otherwise, warm floors will not function.
Also, incorrect, chaotic connection of the contours to the collector will lead to a complete shutdown of the system. It is important to prevent the appearance of dents, chances and other defects on the pipes. In order to avoid serious financial losses, it is recommended to test the heating floor hydraulics to the installation of the screed.
Why can't do without radiators
In order to save, some people decide to use the room for heating only. But this is possible only in places with the warmest climate.
In the remaining cases, the warm floor will not be able to cope with this task without very dangerous overheating. Yes, and walk on a very hot floor will like a little. So for what exactly the reasons should not independently calculate the heat loss for the installation of a warm floor?
Under normal conditions it is impossible to determine which air exchange indoors at the moment and how it changes when the temperature will significantly fall. In addition, it is important to take into account that with ventilation leaves from 30 to 40% of the energy produced, and when there is drafts in the room, this figure grows up to 90%.
It will not be possible to independently calculate the influx of solar energy, the humidity of the structures, the shadensity and many other factors. It will be more correct to use general approximate calculations of heat loss for household levels, as well as take into account the experience that has a positive result.
During construction work, it is necessary to prevent the errors described above, then the warm floor will function correctly and provide a comfortable microclimate in the residential room.
Bathroom in the apartment is a small room with high humidity, as a rule, without heating (not counting the heated towel rail). Therefore, the tile floor is most often stacked here, the heated is better to carry out with.
The warm floor in the bathroom or shower can be safe, reliable and durable. Creating such a heating system, it is important to avoid errors when laying.
Basic rules when laying a warm floor in the bathroom
1. You can not combine one warm floor to two rooms.
Do not combine the system of the warm floor, such as a bathroom and a corridor. For efficient and economical heating, each room must have its own connected to an individual thermostat. If, let's say, continue the cable from the hallway to the bathroom and use only one thermostat, it will not be possible to achieve accurate temperature control and your warm floor will disappoint you.
2. Do not neglect the laying scheme.
Before entering the floor of the warm floor in the bathroom under the tile, you need to draw the scheme. And keep it even after completing the work.
So you will always know where the heat sensor and heating elements are located. And in the case of replacing the sensor, you do not have to roll all the tiles. And during the installation of plumbing, you do not damage the cable.
3. No cable mode.
The heating cable is sold ready-made sections and it is impossible to add it nor cut off. If you ignore this, the operation of the system will be unsafe, or even not workable.
Placeing the cable floor in the bathroom, be sure to pick up the kit that is exactly your quadrature.
4. Building garbage can harm.
In order not to damage the cable even at the layout stage, start with cleaning. The draft floor is recommended to clean well from the garbage, spending and brew.
And yet, you should not walk along the heater, not hidden in the screed, it can damage it and then you have to buy a new one.
5. Thermal insulation is incorrectly selected.
Another point that cannot be neglected. So that the heat does not go to the neighbors, hold it, putting it on the draft floor first the extruded polyster or another type of insulation of a rigid structure.
And, since it is a bathroom, remember - thermal insulation should be moisture resistant. Cork material will not suit.
6. Not compliance with floor laying rules.
- Cable or film should not go to bed. Crossing, they will damage the system.
- The warm floor in the bathroom under the bath, the toilet, washing machine, the shower cabin with the pallet is not stalme. If the cable falls under stationary furniture, heat locks, which reduces the system resource.
- Be sure to make an indentation from the wall 5 - 10 cm.
7. Nick the cable before the pouring screed.
So that after filling the screed and laying, the tiles did not arise unpleasant surprises, check the system performance at different stages of work.
After decomposed the heater, check the system resistance (ring) and compare it with the figures specified by the manufacturer. But in no case do not turn on the warm cable floor without a screed!
Also check the resistance after the completion of the installation work.
8. Temperature sensor - does not hide in concrete.
The temperature sensor must be placed in a corrugated tube with a plug, it makes it easier to replace it if it fails with time.
9. You can not allow air emptiness in the screed.
In no case can the working cable in contact with air. It will disable him. Therefore, making a screed, control the solution distribution so that it enveloped the cable from all sides. The heater contact with air can lead to 100% replacement of the warm floor in the bathroom or shower.
10. We are waiting for complete drying of the screed.
If you want your warm floor under the tile in the bathroom for many years, do not turn on the system to completely dry the screed or tile glue. Take care of patience and wait 28-30 days until everything is dry.
Accelerating the drying process, you risk obtaining a poor-quality screed with cracks and air emptiness, which will lead to a ceiling breakage.
The warm floor system is quite popular today. With the help of heating cable, thermomats, infrared film or pipes can be heated flooring. In fact, it is not too difficult to carry out the stacking of heating elements with their own hands, but many inexperienced masters allow the simplest mistakes, because of which the entire system may fail after some time after laying. Below we will look at the main errors when installing the warm floor of the water and electric type.
- Incorrectly performed the calculation of materials. When calculating the length of the heating cable or the dimensions of the mats you need to use the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room, and not the common one. Under the useful area, the space that will not be forced to be furnished, appliances and other objects. If you mount the heating elements under large-sized objects, the system will occur in these places, which is due to which it fails. To prevent this error, we recommend to get acquainted with technology.
- It is forbidden to cut on the slices suitable in length. If the conductor is more than necessary, try to lay it a little closer to each other, while not disturbing the manufacturer's requirements. We draw your attention to what is deprived of such a shortage, so when it is installed, this error is unlikely to admit.
- Keep track of laying, as well as arrogance from walls and other objects. Remember that the conductor loops should not interact, otherwise overheating may occur.
- Consider the minimum bend radius, which is indicated in the specifications. As a rule, it ranges from 5 to 10 cable diameters.
- Heating elements need to be laid only on a clean surface. When installing, make sure that the warm floor is not to lay on the construction trash, otherwise after filling the screed under mechanical loads, it will quickly fail. It is recommended to remove all the dust before assembly.
- Elementary error, which is also allowed inexperienced specialists - ignoring recommendations for the system call after installation. Be sure to fill up the screed or resolve parquet (on infrared film), measure the resistance of the system and deposit this value with the nominal, which is indicated in the passport. Perhaps you made a connection error and the system no longer works. Then repair the warm floor will be much more complicated. About Tom, we told in detail in a separate article.
- Include a warm floor can only after pouring the screed. If you decide to check whether the floor is heated, before the solution is dry, it can damage the system. Turn on the cable in the bay is generally strictly prohibited.
- The temperature sensor needs to be laid in the corrugation so that at any time it can be obtained without any problems (for repair or replacement). The end of the corrugation should be sealed so that the solution does not hit the sensor.
- The sensor itself needs to be located in the middle between the two cable turns so that it shows the temperature as accurately as possible. Too remote distance from the cable will provoke a constant system of the system and vice versa. It is recommended to place a thermal sensor closer to the surface of the new floor covering.
- Each room should have its own floor circuit and its thermostat. Rough mistake - save on installation materials and make a single system with one temperature regulator.
- During mounting work, do not step on the cable, especially in the shoes with a solid sole. It can damage conductive veins and isolation. Try to bypass the spin of the heating element.
- Before filling the screed, take a picture of the location of all items so that you can know where what is.
- In no case do not need to promote the fastest frozen solution by inclusion of the system. Those who are advised to include heating immediately after installation, sooner or later will face the situation when the system will quickly fail.
- Before starting work, be sure to read the instruction in which the manufacturer may recommend important points. Our main mistake - we first do, and then read the instructions. So it's better the opposite.
- Remember, infrared warm floor should be at rolled under parquet, laminate and linoleum, and thermomats and a warming cable under the tile. If you sneak the film floor in the bathroom and board the tile glue, the system will not work. It seems to be obvious facts, but it happens and so manage to do.
At first glance it is very easy to perform installation of warm floors of water type. It is very important to do everything right and with the greatest efficiency of his work. Often beginner builders face such problems when it does not warm the warm floor of water. Here, the reasons may have a large amount and each of them lies in the technology itself and the sequence of each layer. If we hate your hand to one point of the whole process, then in the end, nothing positive will fail.
Proper base
Before starting, all measures should be taken to conduct preparatory activities. The base should be cleaned from garbage and dust, as all this will negatively affect the operation of the system. If the surface is uneven, then many consider that everything can be smoothed by the subsequent fill of the concrete screed along the contour. Such errors in the installation of warm water floors are often found in those who first start laying the contour.
For warm water, there should be a very smooth surface at the base. All irregularities can only damage the pipeline. In addition, in the subsequent concrete screed will not have an equal thickness above the contour. Consequently, you can not think about the uniform warming of the floor in the room.
In addition, the walls in the room should also be brought to a normal state. That is, they occur, if necessary, they are placed, cut into certain places. If this is not executed, then the damper tape will not be tightly adjacent to the walls, in some sections to sign. They will not be able to show their main function.
Calculation of materials
For the full functioning of the warm floor system, it is necessary to correctly produce the calculations of the warm floor, and more precisely the number of materials for the installation. Mats under the warm floor as a heater, as well as the length of the pipeline is calculated on the basis of not the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room, but from its useful volume. That is, not all the base of the floor will be covered by the contour. Plots with furniture, plumbing facilities, etc., are deployed, as they will not pass the heat inside the room, the separate section of the paved pipes can occur. 
These mounting errors of warm water floor lead to the subsequent work on the dismantling of the floor covering, a concrete screed, detecting a problem area of \u200b\u200bthe heat-mall circuit. Not only time to spend time, but also finances. Technology Calculation includes all subtleties and allows you to get accurate results.
Shrink tape
When, measures are taken on a high-quality device on the wall of the tape compensating for the thermal expansion of the concrete screed. 
As mentioned earlier, it should be prepared to prepare walls, align them. In addition to this, all electrical wires, communications should be circumvented by a damper ribbon so that it fits tightly to the wall.
If you mount the tape if only, in the subsequent, you do not have to hope for a high-quality fill of the concrete screed. Through it, the solution will penetrate the wall, which in the subsequent operation will not allow the tape to show all its qualities. Problems with the surface of the floor, damage to the floor covering.
Device heat insulation
The lower sections of the damper ribbon are best to press the layer where polystyrene is most often used. But it is worth remembering that he will not be able to compensate for the irregularities that may be on the base of the draft floor. Before it is laying, all the garbage cleaning events should also be held.
If work is performed by specialists for a specific fee, then it is best to control this process. After all, they can very quickly put polystyrene, and no longer learn about what the foundation was there. Sometimes, even when passing through this layer, you can feel defects from under the Niza.
"Pie" of a warm floor When water does not warm, causes can be completely different. But to a greater extent, they begin with the very base, from the layer of insulation. Even manufacturers are recommended to arrange a thickness of 100 mm. Especially if the case refers to the presence of a basement without heating. If you spend less means for the purchase of material, that is, to save, then the layer will turn out about 30-50 mm. But during the warm-up of the room from, part of the heat will be spent on heating the lower plot, from the side of the basement. Heating costs will increase, and in the room heat will not be on the proper level.
Reflective film
To improve the quality of heat transfer it is inside the house of the house, it will not be superfluous to produce flooring on a polystyrene special reflective tape. 
It additionally has a laying with a division of 50 mm for better fixation in the subsequent pipeline. According to the rules, it must be mounted strictly without deviations and at the same time refueling for. This can be done only in the case when the polystyrene is tightly pressed against the walls of the room through the damper tape. It is also frequently allowable watersheart laying errors. Some at all simply cut off the film around the perimeter of the location of the edges of polystyrene along the walls, skill with a tape for fixing. It is impossible to use such a material as a tape, as it is used exclusively for packaging, with having harm to human health.
When the film is mounted on the base, you can start laying the reinforcing layer as a metal mesh. There will be no error of laying water warm floor reinforcement device over the pipeline before filling the screed. It is like two alternative options.
Errors when installing pipes
When the reflective film is laid, you can start the installation of a warm floor. It is important to choose its diameter, dimensions, total length, height and other characteristics for the correct calculation of the warm floor. It is worth remembering that you need to still choose a pipeline laying scheme, and not experiment with your desires. 
Standard version of pipes for a warm floor in diameter - 16 mm. Some use 20 mm, but in this case the installation process will take more time and becomes somewhat more complicated. In addition, it increases the consumption of water supplied through the system pipeline. Exception - if it is required to warm up a large area of \u200b\u200bthe room. In all other cases, it is better to spend more finances on the device to eliminate heat loss.
A very small number of performers carry out the following activities that are very important to eliminate the errors of the water heating device:
If all this is done and reflected on a schematic plan, you can see areas in the room with problems, as well as possible difficulties of the installation process. Must be drawn to direct execution. Some simply believe that without it everyone knows how best to do. Nobody wants to spend time on such at first glance.
Without a designated scheme, laying the pipeline - solid chaos, which will not lead to any positive result. On any of the steps, the warm water floor requires a competent calculation and attentive approach.
It should also be remembered that some places on the basis of the floor require more attention from the performers. This applies primarily to the exterior walls from the street. They require greater insulation. Some make mistakes and let only one pipe directly at the wall. Throughout the rest of the perimeter, everything is uniformly. To achieve uniform warming up, laying the pipeline is performed with a smaller step in such walls.
The retreat at the walls is performed for the subsequent installation of the plinth after flooring, as well as possible engineering low-current systems. There will be no order here.
Flexion of pipe
Frequent errors are allowed when flexing the pipe for a device of a certain angle of the system. The skill here is very useful. 
It is easier to work with metal-plastic pipes than from. For such actions, there are brewed agents in the form of springs, but still everything is mainly manually carried out, which is more efficient. In addition, when using an outdoor spring and creating an angle of 90 degrees, it simply clamps it. We will have to spend a lot of effort to pull it out of the resulting bend, stretch through the entire pipe to the next site. Start not only back, but also knees.
In the network you can find a large number of videos that allow you to be bending yourself and without too much effort. You will not have to buy various pipe bending and advertised funds, spending money on them.
If you do not comply with the elementary requirements, everything will turn out the curve and oblique. This can not be said not to the errors of the water heating floor, but the shortcomings that lead to the deposits and weak warming of the base of the floor throughout the perimeter in the room.
Rules flexion pipes Choosing a step laying
When the markup is made on the basis for laying the pipeline, not always even specialists can accommodate everything correctly. Step should be maintained throughout the contour. And it turns out the scatter to 100 mm. Exception here is a reduction in step in separate areas, such as outside walls.
The selection of the step will depend on the power of the contour. The higher it is, the less time should be taken. In addition, the distance from the wall to the pipeline must be maintained, which is usually 30 cm. The maximum length of one circuit is 90 m. This is done in order not to lose heat throughout the pipeline.
Some may say that under the tie of the floor there are no defects of the location of the pipeline, compliance with the laying step, will not be visible. But this can only say the misunderstanding works of the system. As a result, the base of the floor will get warm throughout the plane unevenly, there will be sections with a cold surface, the efficiency of the warm floor will not be.
Arrangement of furniture
It should not be located in those areas where massive furniture will be subsequent. Under it, it makes no sense to warm up. True, in the subsequent difficulties may arise if you wish to make a permutation. After all, there may be places where the floor will not get warm.
To avoid the error of laying water, you should pay special attention to the built-in furniture, monolithic racks, kitchens, wardrobes, etc. All of them will definitely not require high-quality heating. Under them you can forget about the laying of the pipeline.
When the warm floor is mounted under such household appliances, like a refrigerator or washing machine, the contour may fail, there will be overheated sections.
Danger in violations
Not everyone knows about what problems can be faced if there are errors of a warm water floor device. When they warm bad, it is worth thinking about the possible shortcomings of the installation process.
With the device of the uneven layers of the entire "cake" of a warm floor, the bending angle of the pipeline will differ. Consequently, the uniform warming of the base of the floor will not be able to achieve. Large costs are waiting for those who do not want to conduct preliminary calculations of the heap system. To do this, it is fairly schematically displayed on the scale of the entire contour on the paper sheet. 