Properties and distinctive features of porcelain and ceramics. Ceramic tile porcelain stoneware

Do not know how the tile differs from the tile? Could you decide what to put on the floor in the bathroom? From the article you will learn about the types of tiles, how to put it correctly, you will see photos of various colors and combinations, you may choose yourself the stylistics from the proposed.

For example, appearance The tile in the bathroom in the photo can be viewed below.

Beautiful texture, light neutral drawing, a non-commemant shade - perfect option For sex.

Description

Let's figure it out what a tile is? It is a ceramic tile, usually rectangular plates. Often, such material is used for finishing floors and walls in the bathroom.

A good tile is made from this very popular finishing material, which is used to finish the kitchen apron, floors throughout the house, walls in the bathroom and fireplace. Floor tile is very practical optionBut if there are children in the house, it is recommended to immediately make a warm floor.

Differences of the tile from tile

An ordinary buyer is very easy to enter into delusion and think that the tile and ceramic tiles are different types Facing. In fact, this is the same finish option, just a tile is a view. ceramic tile.

The tile itself can be made of different materialsand ceramic tile - with different sand and stones impurities. The main difference that affects reliability is that such a tile is made of clay without any additives.

Types of tile

There are many species and tiles. Here are some of the most popular of them with brief description Positive I. distinctive characteristics:

• Maitolika - extruded clay covered with opaque icing, it is strong enough and durable, as the firing occurs twice.
• Terrala - a tile of special grades of clay, its difference is that the drawing is first applied, and then transparent glaze.
• Cotto is a very wear-resistant tile with a matte surface, when it is created, the glaze is not applied.
• Clinker is burned at a very high temperature, so it is the toughest tile, used for external and interior decoration.
• Gres - in the production of clay is pressed with the addition of quartz, which makes it outdoor option Finishes.

The choice of a certain type, type and shape of the tile should be based on the wishes and size of the room, the functionality that is required of the material.

Properties of tile

The main characteristics of the tile, which are its indisputable advantages in front of many other types of finishes:

1. Thickness - determines the rigidity and reliability of tiles.
2. This material is very durable, as it is done without impurities, which in turn reduce this indicator.
3. The tile retains its color and saturation of the paints under the constant influence of the Sun (if you have happened the opposite is another kind of ceramic tile).
4. High levels of heat capacity, which allows facing fireplaces and furnaces in homes. Suitable for the creation of a warm floor, due to stability and thermal conductivity.
5. Stalling tolerates cleaning with chemicals and does not lose its properties.
6. Tile - very hygienic material proper laying and processing an antibacterial layer.
7. Beautiful I. a variety of options Coloring and patterns.
8. Easy cleaning is enough to wipe with a damp cloth with a means.

It is worth paying attention to this list of characteristics when choosing a type of room finishing, even with respect to other materials. But you will return to this option!

Masonry Rules

What is a cafel need to please you as long as possible? Right sequence Stages and operations on the organization of laying, regardless of the purpose and type of room.

Laying the tile initially implies the preparation stage. What do you need for this?

Align, wash and dry the surface that will be the basis for masonry. It is necessary in order to be a good tile grip with a floor, otherwise the material gone cracks And it will not hold on.

If the concrete screed is fresh, you will have to postpone the finish for about three months and before direct stacking Be sure to primure the surface.

The drywall surface also needs to be primed to create a coating for protection against moisture and prevent swelling.

If you deleted old tileTo put a new one, then it is necessary to align the surface and then you can immediately begin the installation process.

It is necessary to design how the tile will be laid depending on the size.

The next step is the direct laying of the tile:

• Apply a mixture and attach to the surface tile.
• Between the rows of special crosses fix the size of the seam.
• After drying, you should remove the guides of the cross and wove the seams with a special hermetic mixture.

After a day, the surface can be washed and dried.

Laying of such material in the bathroom is a brilliant decision of humanity. It is beautiful, gently, easily maintaining cleanliness, the material does not deteriorate from moisture. Ceramic finish options are very relevant for quite a long time, used in many interior design options. Photo of the tile in the bathroom is represented in the article.

How to choose a tile?

We figured out what a tile is and what it happens to be installed. And now, when it knows how it should be, let's summarize how the material to choose and not guess.

Tile is one of the most popular types of finishes. Therefore, choosing it, it should be borne in mind that it should not save, because the bathroom, which is almost always trummed by a cafeter, is the moisture drive and the place of active breeding of bacteria. BUT dear materials Provide the maximum level of room hygiene.

From the point of view of designer and style solutions there are no borders, but it should be noted that most of them are bathtubs and toilets are small rooms, so to visually make them more, you need to buy tiles square form And a rather size, stacking costs as close as possible to each other, thin seams will increase the width of the room. Light color and the thin pattern also contribute visual expansion Borders of space. Interesting observation: if you put big mirror Height from the ceiling to the floor, the room will seem twice as much.

Also very stylishly look at monophonic rooms of rooms - white, red, black.

And for apron in the kitchen, the generally accepted pattern is a stone so that stains, fat, cracks were not so much noticeable. And with that, such a texture looks very exquisitely and aristocratic, making an attractive even modest kitchen.

When people for the construction and decoration of the room needed a high-quality and attractive material, a ceramic tile was invented. When the builders needed a frost-resistant and wear-resistant material, a durable ceramic granite was created. In this case, the question is, what is the main difference between porcelain stoneware from ceramic tile and what are these two material?

With a rapid pace of development modern technologies The process of manufacturing ceramic granite and tile is significantly improved. Kitchen roomFinished with beautiful and durable granite or antique style bathroom, decorated with patterned tiles, all this was possible thanks to the invention of two high-quality materials. In order to deal, what is the difference between porcelain stoneware from ceramic tile, it is necessary to consider individually each material with its pluses and minuses, after which it becomes clear which of the options is preferable in one way or another.

Ceramic granite

What is ceramic granite and how to produce it? Durable porcelain stoneware is obtained by pressing clay, kaolins, sand and water under certain pressure. In this case, semi-dry pressing technology is applied. Then the firing under the influence of high temperature (1200 degrees). High heating temperature is allowed by a mixture component to be restructured (modified).

The material is similar to glazed monolith, which has high-quality operational parameters, if compared with the natural original. Ceramic granite is performed under the control of specialists, with the result that, from the conveyor comes high qualitative materialwithout cracks, emptiness. The surface of an artificial stone has a certain pattern, which is present and inside, can be seen in the cut.

Like any other material, ceramic granite has both a number of advantages and minuses that are reflected in the table.

Ceramic tile

It is called the product from clay, which was subjected to burning at high temperatures, over 900 degrees. Ceramic is dishes, plumbing, bricks, tile and, of course, tile. The first, chief factor - For the decor of the room there is no material better than a tile (diverse selection). The second reason is the price availability, which is for many very an important factor When choosing one or another material.

In addition, the material is durable in mechanical wear, the surface is not erased, it has frost resistance, refractory, resistance to the effects of aggressive substances. Therefore, ceramic tile is used as finishing material bathroom, kitchen, like in multi-storey houseand in a country cottage.

The disadvantage of the tile is the burnout - over time, the tile loses color due to the effects of sunlight or light. This factor is very important if the tile is planned for exterior decorationwhere it will be constantly exposed to direct sunlight.

For the manufacture of ceramic products, clay with various impurities is used. Dimensions vary from fine mosaic to large puzzles. The thickness of the product varies depending on the size. Burns ceramic tile in muffle furnace Under the influence of temperature from 900 to 1200 degrees. The temperature level depends on the thickness of the product. The technical characteristics of ceramic tiles are directly dependent on the composition and firing.

The quality of ceramic tiles depend on the temperature firing, due to which the clay particles glued, resemble durable glass. Structure finished products Porous. The surface is covered with glaze, deserted different colors. Tile is represented by B. various form and invoice. The main advantage of the product is the external appeal, the tile is better to choose for interior decoration.

Like any other material, ceramic tile has its own positive and negative sides. What are they going to?

Distinctive features of two materials

Of the two materials submitted, ceramic tiles are considered more ancient. It appeared many years ago, was used to finish the floor. As for ceramic granite, it appeared much later than the first material.

So, the main distinguishing features of the artificial granite from the tiles are as follows:

• in the process of production: two similar material are produced different ways. Ceramic tiles and porcelain stonewares pass the temperature pressing and firing procedure. But in the production of porcelain, higher temperatures are used through the use of a powerful press. Tile is made by gentle technology;
• in the materials used: in the manufacture of ceramic tiles, a mixture of clay and sand with natural fillers is taken as the basis. A semblance of plasticine is created from the mixture, which after the firing procedure acquires the shape of the tile. Porcelain stoneware also passes the firing procedure, but adds to the mixture a large number of Sand, granite crumb. An additional filler serves foreign material, for example, marble crumb;
• in the properties: the erasability of the ceramic tile differs from artificial granite, the first material is much worse. At the same time, the stone surpasses the tile. If we compare porcelain stoneware and wear tile natural stoneThe leader becomes the first material. Porcelain stoneware is difficult to break through and damage;
• in the field of application: porcelain stoneware is better used to decorate walls and floors in rooms with an elevated level of passability: shopping centers, offices, sports facilities. This is due to its strength, resistant to external influence. Artificial stone is used to facade buildings facades, for the device paving tracksborders. Ceramic tile is used as a finishing material when working inside the building: laying the floor or walls. The main advantage of the tile is an attractive appearance - modern products are presented in a large decorative assortment, this is the main difference.

Ceraemic tile

Ceramographic

Choosing material for outdoor, wall decoration, people often experience difficulties: what better suitable Granite stone or tile? Choosing a ceramic tile, the buyer saves funds, as the material is cheaper. The choice in favor of porcelain is guarantees durability, the wear resistance of the finish for many years, it means that there is a better quality suitable fake diamond.

Price ratio

The main indicator in the struggle for the buyer, between manufacturers, the price of porcelain stoneware and tile becomes. To date, the price of a tile, as well as the price of porcelain stonewares, was practically equal. For example, the statistics of 2004 says that the porcelain stoneware cost more than 90% tiles. After 6 years, this figure decreased to 13-15%. And they contribute to this many reasons.

Many are engaged in the production of porcelain construction companies, Therefore, the cost of the product is gradually decreasing. One of the most important reasons for lowering the price is the popularity of material for finishing. Perhaps after 10 years, the tile will also cost an artificial stone.

Modern artificial stone and tiles are produced by different technologiesSo, the price largely depends on the design, manufacturer, scope.

Despite the difference, these two materials are similar. They have good wear resistance, frost resistance, they are environmentally safe, and also serve the decoration of any room. In this case, the price and quality of products justify yourself. Therefore, it is difficult to say which one of them is better, and when the material is selected, it is worth navigating the work to be carried out.

Let's figure it out that it is better to choose for cladding walls and floor in the kitchen - porcelain stoneware or tile, where and how to better use them and what exactly the ceramic tile differs from porcelain stoneware.

The variety of finishing materials for the repair of the kitchen today is so great that sometimes it is very difficult to determine and make the final choice in favor of this or that type of finishes. This is especially true for porcelain stoneware and ceramic tiles, especially since these materials are practically no different from each other in components and specifications. But to do right choiceIt is necessary to understand all differences and nuances of using these two materials.

High strength and large size - two main advantages of porcelain stoneware in front of tiles

By the way, we recently published a detailed guide ,. In it, you will find the recommendations of the pro, to pay attention to the purchase, overview of popular manufacturers, tips on the choice of plinth and grout, label nuances and a lot.

Differences of ceramic tiles from porcelain stoneware

Ceramic tile

Ceramic tile, also known as a tile, is made by pressing and subsequent firing of a mixture of sand, clay and minerals. After applying the enamel on the surface of the tile, it passes re-firing. This type of tile is used exclusively for cladding of walls, since it is more porous and has less strength.

Another type of ceramic tile is manufactured under a more powerful press, which makes it not so porous. It takes only one firing stage with enamel with more high temperaturesoh. As a result, it turns out a more dense, reliable and wear-resistant tile, which can be used both for cladding walls and for floor finish.

Of the advantages of ceramic tiles, you can list the following properties:

• durability;
• strength;
• a wide selection of various colors, textures and drawings;
• rigidity;
• hygienicity;
• fire resistance and refractory;
• moisture resistance;
• affordable price.

There is one disadvantage that several spoils the reputation of the tile. This is its ability to burn out over time. Also during operation, the drawing can partially steal.

Ceramographic

The components of the components of the porcelain stoneware are no different from the composition of the ceramic tile, but the process of production of this material is somewhat different.

What is the key difference of porcelain stoneware? The difference lies in the fact that a mixture of clay, quartz sand and minerals is conserved with the help of painting pigments. This allows you to achieve homogeneous color throughout the thickness of the porcelain stoneware, while the tile has a color coating only on the surface - in the enamel layer.

It is thanks to this technology that the porcelain stoneware does not need additional enamel, because its color is laid initially as part of the mixture. The finished mixture is molded, dried and pressed. Then the products are repeated pressing under a more powerful press. After that, the porcelain stoneware is burned at 1200-1300 degrees.

The result is a porcelain tile with low porosity. For comparison, it should be noted that the water absorption of the wall ceramic tile is 10%, and the porcelain stoneware has water absorption equal to 0.05%.

Over time, technologies have appeared to use glazing and polishing of porcelain stoneware.

Polished porcelain stoneware has a very attractive appearance, but its surface is quite slippery, so it should be used on the floor in the kitchen with caution.

The advantages of porcelain stoneware include:

• constancy and uniformity of color throughout the thickness of the tile;
• high strength;
• hardness of the material;
• frost resistance;
• wear resistance;
• low water absorption;
• environmental purity of material;
• durability.

Porcelain stoneware also has shortcasts. First of all, the fragility during transportation (but it is also inherent in the cafic), the complexity of processing and cutting material, as well as its high weight. It is also worth noting that porcelain stoneware has a higher price and does not differ in a large variety of colors and drawings.

Child Nuances

As you can see, each of these two finishing materials has only characteristics that dictate and the scope of its use.

So, porcelain stoneware due to its frost resistance and strength can be used in rooms overlooking open air (terraces, verandas, balconies, loggias). Here, the porcelain stoneware can with ease withstand and low temperatures, and weather cataclysms. But the ceramic tile in this case would be inappropriate.

In the bathroom or hallway, it is better not to use the glazed tile as an outdoor coating, since small particles of dirt or sand can damage the surface of the tile.

In addition, a smooth glazed surface will be too slippery. That is why it is better to use a matte ceramic tile as an outdoor covering of an entrance hall or bath. It does not mean at all that in such premises it is better to use for sex a ceramics. And in that, and in another case, it is worth paying attention to the tile anti-slip indicator.

Separately, I want to say about the floor covering in the kitchen. Here it is impossible to suit the porcelain stoneware. Features of the processes in the kitchen require the increased strength of the flooring. For example, the floor covering should withstand the fall of the pan and do not split at the same time. Also, the frequent washing of floors can lead to the erasure of the drawing on an inexpensive tile, but it does not threaten the porcelain stoneware.

But in most cases here you can do and high-quality floor ceramic tiles. Under standard conditions, it will quite cope with its task.

When cladding the walls, it is worth considering the weight of the finishing material. Therefore, for these purposes, tiles are usually used, because the weight of one porcelain tile weight is quite large.

If the original drawing is important to you unique designIt is worth making a choice in favor of ceramics, because its range is characterized by the wealth of colors and drawings, which cannot be said about the cerebrother.

How to use porcelain tile or tile in the kitchen

Here, the scope of these two materials was divided as follows.

Floor

It is quite appropriate and justified using porcelain stoneware as an outdoor coating. But for the facing of the apron in the kitchen, it is not suitable, because it has a lot of weight, and it is harder to work with it.

Apron

She has a lot of sizes, it is easy to cut and lay it. The coating is characterized by a large selection of colors, textures and patterns, which allows you to create an attractive and original interior Kitchen.

Table top

AT lately Pretty common became. And here without ceramic tiles can not do. Such a tabletop will have a relatively low weight, durable and durable surface with an interesting pattern and color. However, it is quite acceptable to use a small format for clamping and cerarmoranite, for example, 10x10 cm.

When buying a suitable type of facing, consumers come into confusion, choosing that better: porcelain tile or tile. So that the scales bowl bent faster in one direction or another, you need to know what the ceramic tile and porcelain stoneware are different. The main thing is to find out the pros of each and cons, and then only becomes an obvious difference between them. But why is the porcelain stamps so popular?

What is this article

Differences in materials

Rumors that the release of a porrite finish provides for the use of other components, have long been bothering. The components of the materials are almost identical - all the same clay, kaolin, quartz particles and field spat. Then how is the ceramic tile from porcelain stoneware? And the snag lies in the creation technology - under the firing of the porcelain stoneware, the temperature is adjusted to 1300 º, and the press pressure is stronger (about 450 kg per cm).

The technological features of manufacturing are caused by improved properties of porcelain - it is not just a stub, and its components are exposed to almost melting and huge pressure, eliminating the occurrence of porosity, which has ceramics. It is the absence of pore pore a porcelain booking oblique that it is more often attracted to facing works on the street. It does not penetrate the moisture in its thickness, and therefore the material cannot collapse when defrosting. Finishing with stonework steps, tracks, facades of buildings guarantees a durable and reliable result.

Advantages of internal cladding with porcelain

When carrying out internal facing work It is not so critical of the frost-resistant parameter in the porcelain tile. After all, the material is required to separate the apartment, office, home or shop, where its resistance to high temperatures is not required. However, these properties are considered advantages of sex stoneware:

• resistance to wear - despite the fact that the coating will be regularly walking, its appearance is able to delight the eye for many years. In connection with which it is used in the cladding of production areas;
• porcelain stoneware has high strength: cargo is subject to a few hundred kg to cm;
• on the plates, chips and cracks are rarely formed, which cannot be approved about ceramics;
• the resistance of the finish (moisture absorption is less than 1%) to moisture and aggressive substances (a solvent falling onto the surface of the porcelain stoneware will not leave spots and traces on it);
• not the demanding of finishing in care - only wiping with a moisturized rag for maintaining cleanliness.

The coating is wide color gamut And textures on the most demanding taste. High-quality porcelain stoneware there is an evenness of the faces and the clear proportions of the form that when laying allows you to achieve the perfect homogeneity of the facing and minimize the seams.

Coating areas

When the differences in porcelain stoneware from ceramic tiles are becoming clear, it is possible to summarize the above and decide on the appointment of the veneer varieties. When it takes to create cladding for the walls, then it seems more profitable to perform its ceramic tiles. Here the external conditions almost do not affect, and therefore the middle-class tile will fit well.

When there is a need to issue outdoor surfaces of buildings and auxiliary attacks, then you don't have to choose between tiles and porcelain stoneware - of course, porcelain stoneware. Worry about the state of finishing and in very coldy Do not have. Due to the possession of a low-resistant structure, fire resistance and ability to keep the heat stoneware to keep its use in facing the stoves and fireplaces. What is the difference between porcelain tiles here? Even the acquisition of heavy-duty tile will not allow to be compared with another coating, since the wear and coolement of the first is marked faster.

It is very difficult to make an unambiguous choice when it is worth solving - a tile or porcelain is more suitable. For the kitchen and bathroom is still more expedient to ceramics. Since the load is not very pronounced there, and the modern tile has the property of anti-slip. In the corridor, hallway and in entrance group Outside it is better to stay on the porcelain tile. Since increased requirements are presented to the surface of the floor in these areas of the house, and the floor is subject to aggressive influence. In order to avoid injury on steps, special lining apply.

Porcelain stoneware will serve as decades. In particular, the homogeneous variety, the drawing in which passes through all the layers of the material and therefore it will be very problematic.

But when more decorative facing qualities are required, in this regard, porcelain stoneware is not an assistant. Since the design embodiment of tiles is acquired after glazing. Glazed porcelain stoneware is also produced, but its decorative coating It is erased very quickly. As with other options enamelled ceramics.

Consumer qualities

The adoption of a specific decision on the choice of material will be assisted by several auxiliary factors. At the same time focus on:

• the type of room where the finishing material will be located;
• load coefficient;
• temperature mode;
• the risk of chipping, scratches, etc. mechanical defects;
• general style direction.

The difference between porcelain stoneware not only in its high technical and consumer qualities, but at a more expensive price. Pay tribute to an ordinary ceramic cladding is in the case when there is no special need to overpay for the entire set of distinguishing options that are in porcelain stoneware. In the extreme case, you can purchase material with elevated quality criteria. But then the price of the question will be almost the same as in the situation with the second type of cladding.

Selection of kitchen finishing

Regarding the trim tile of the kitchen space, then the following areas of using these two related materials are distinguished.

Flooring

The use of porcelain tiles is more justified as the floor covering. Then how to design apron in work zone She does not suit the kitchen due to their features - greater weight, more complex processing.

If there is an intention to put a porcelain stonework on the walls of the kitchen, then some of the plots can be separated, the zone near the fireplace or the column.

Apron

Great way to separate the kitchen apron performs the use of tile. Small fragments are easier to cut and lay. In terms of design, there is a wider choice - a variety of colors, patterns, textures are available in ceramic products. What will make a unique and attractive interior in the kitchen.

Table top

Modern kitchen Design Often it provides for a trim tile table top. Such a countertop does not have a lot of weight, this surface is durable and durable, can become the owner of an interesting drawing and color. However, no one prohibits the tabletop and fine-format paper strain of 10 by 10 cm.

Disadvantages of materials

Do there be deficiencies in porcelain stoneware? Its surface will be the same cold as the tile, in other words, the floor from it will be cold enough. Warm floor systems help solve this problem. In addition, the material has a number of minuses.

A significant disadvantage is a sliding surface of the coating by itself. Even more sliding it becomes moisture when it gets into it. For this reason, the material is not recommended to use how flooring in the bathroom.

Worldwide famous companiesThe production of porcelain tiles is known today. Take at least italian producers (issuing the highest quality material in the opinion of specialists), as well as the brand of Greek, Baltic and Belarusian production, characterized by similar dimensions and thickness.

The special properties of each of the materials make them popular in any of the regions. home repairs. And to give the palm of the championship to some one of them is possible, since everyone can be especially read in its application, in which he does not turn out to be equal.