Cyclamen how to care - photo
During the flowering period, it is worth additionally fertilizing the soil, about 2 times a month.
How and when can a cyclamen be transplanted?
Liquid flower fertilizers of various types are used for feeding. Concentration in water - half a cap for 2 liters of water. When watering with both just water and fertilizer, you need to try not to get liquid into the flower and on the leaves.
Seed propagation
The seeds are planted at a depth of about 1 cm. It is best to make grooves at this depth, pouring water over them, and then plant the seeds at some distance from each other. The temperature should be at least +20 C.
Fusarium
Wet rot
Anthracnose
Sooty fungus
Video: Cyclamen care
Cyclamen - reproduction
Increasingly, potted plants are used as a presentation. For these purposes, the cyclamen flower is perfect, the reproduction of which you can do yourself. This is a rather complicated process, so the main thing for the florist is to follow the recommendations set out in this article.
There are two ways to breed cyclamen: by seed and by dividing the tuber. Let's consider each of them in detail.
Growing cyclamen from seeds
This procedure is best done in August, after a dormant period.
- First, the seed is soaked in water or in a 5% sugar solution. For planting, you can only use seeds that have sunk to the bottom.
- We lay them out on top of moist light soil and sprinkle with a layer of earth, 0.5-1 cm thick.
- We cover it with an opaque material and put it in a room with an air temperature of + 20 °, regularly moisten and ventilate the greenhouse throughout the month.
- After the seedlings have germinated, we remove the covering material and place the container in a well-lit place. During this period, plants need a lower temperature - + 15-17 °.
- After the formation of a tuber with 2-3 leaves, we transplant them into separate pots.
- After a week, we feed it with fertilizer for flowering plants. You need to take half of the recommended dose.
How to plant a cyclamen by dividing a tuber?
- During the dormant period, we extract a tuber with several eyes from the soil, dry it and divide it into parts. Delenka will take root if it has a few roots and at least one bud.
- We treat the cut site with activated carbon and dry it in the shade.
- We put them in separate pots.
Cyclamen transplant
The soil for planting cyclamen should first be disinfected: by steaming or treating with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
As a result of this breeding method, cyclamen will bloom earlier than usual.
Cyclamen home care
Another name for this beautiful flower is Alpine violet. It originally grew in the Mediterranean. Many gardeners compare cyclamens to a flock of flowering butterflies that have perched on green grass.
And all because it has unusually bright and beautiful flowers. Their color varies in a wide range: bright scarlet, snow-white, pink, red, crimson, peach, purple. And the shape of the flowers themselves can vary greatly.
Cyclamen home care - photo
Favorable growing conditions
First, it is worth choosing a room that is very well ventilated and has a high level of consecration. There are no special requirements for the ambient temperature, this flower can withstand temperatures of 12 degrees, but at the same time even the slightest drafts affect it very negatively. The soil must be loose, that is, it is periodically required to loosen it by hand.
Cyclamen how to care - photo
This flower loves water, therefore it is necessary to water it constantly and abundantly. A pot with a tray is ideal. If there is one, water can be poured into it, but stagnant water must be removed to avoid root decay.
The amount of water should be increased during the vegetative period of flower development. Indoor air should also be kept at a high level.
During the flowering period, it is worth additionally fertilizing the soil, about 2 times a month. Liquid flower fertilizers of various types are used for feeding. Concentration in water - half a cap for 2 liters of water. When watering with both just water and fertilizer, you need to try not to get liquid into the flower and on the leaves.
It is worth carefully monitoring the amount of mineral salts in the soil - cyclamen does not like them. When planting, do not feed the plant until the first shoots appear. When transplanting, you cannot feed the plant for six months.
The transplant is carried out in three cases:
- At the end of summer, after a period of little activity of this flower.
- With excessive development of tubers.
- When it is necessary to change the soil.
This flower may not withstand frequent transplants, therefore, cyclamen should not be transplanted more than 2-3 times a year. Each type of cyclamen has its own characteristics that should be taken into account when planting. The roots of the Persian cyclamen grow downward, so the top of the tuber must be above ground level.
And in the European cyclamen, the roots grow over the entire surface of the soil, so they must be deepened into the ground. Top dressing can be done one month after transplanting.
If you want to increase the number of these flowers, but there is no way to buy new ones, then there are 2 types of division - tuber division and seed reproduction.
Reproduction by dividing a tuber For dividing it is necessary to use an already adult tuber. It needs to be cut into pieces with a very sharp knife. Moreover, each part must have a separate kidney. After dividing, the sections must be sprinkled with crushed coal for disinfection.
The slices need to be dried for several days, otherwise it will have a bad effect on survival. After drying, the tubers can be planted in the soil by deepening 2/3 of the tubers. They will take root within 1 month. Cyclamen grown in this way will bloom earlier than those grown from seed.
Reproduction by dividing the tuber - photo
Seed propagation
You need to plant seeds in early spring: February-March. But you can plant it at any other time, but the growth will be slower. Seed stratification must be carried out before planting.
The seeds are planted to a depth of about 1 cm.
Why do you need a cyclamen transplant at home
It is best to make grooves at this depth by pouring water over them, and then planting the seeds at some distance from each other. The temperature should be at least +20 C.
Subject to all important conditions, the first plants will germinate in 2-3 months. But there are also some tight growing varieties that sprout only after 5 months. When the first shoots appear, the container must be placed where the sunlight falls. After 6-7 months, young cyclamens can be transplanted into pots.
Diseases of cyclamen and their treatment
Fusarium
On the other side of the plant, hyperactive growth may be observed, but there will be no sufficient flowering. How can you deal with fusarium wilting? You just need to water the plant itself with a solution of the same name, and then treat the root system with it.
Wet rot
It is a bacterial disease. It appears when a flower is damaged by the Erwinia bacterium. The symptoms are as follows: the cyclamen begins to fade gradually, the leaves fall and hang from the pot, the infected tuber smells very unpleasantly of rot.
Cyclamen roots begin to rot quickly. The disease penetrates into the flower through the stems, in places where the leaves are torn off. Bacteria can also enter the plant through contaminated water. If your plant has been exposed to this bacteria, then it is no longer possible to save it.
Anthracnose
This disease can appear in cyclamen only during flowering. Anthracnose progresses exclusively with high humidity and warmth. In other cases, the bacteria die or freeze in suspended animation. The disease mainly affects flowers and leaves ..
Shoots appear diseased, stalks become dry. With this disease, flowering does not happen. Leaves are infected from the peduncles. You can immediately notice this - they twist into a tube, and the old leaves dry and die off. When infected with this disease, you just need to reduce the humidity and remove the infected areas of the plant.
Sooty fungus
This disease begins with the fact that aphids leave sweet juice on the leaves, in which this fungus develops. It is not harmful by itself, but it blocks the leaves from sunlight.
Therefore, the processes of development of the whole plant are sharply slowed down. And the more this fungus is allowed to develop, the more it will be necessary to restore the flower, if you do not start this business to an extreme stage, when the flower has completely rotted away.
Video: Cyclamen care
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A lot of people have cyclamen in their homes. It is a plant whose flowers create a wonderful atmosphere in the house. It is very important that cyclamen blooms in autumn and winter, when it is almost impossible to find flowers anywhere. So, how to properly care for this beautiful flower at home? Today we will talk about how to make the cyclamen delight its owner all year round.
Cyclamen: photo care at home
Cyclamen grows with tubers. At home, two types of cyclamen are grown.
We grow cyclamen at home: important nuances of planting and caring for a demanding handsome man
It is European and Persian. The most common is the Persian cyclamen.
The flowers of the plant look amazing. There are all sorts of shades imaginable. The plant blooms from October to early spring. As soon as flowering ends in spring, watering should be stopped. All dried leaves must be removed. Further, the plant must be transplanted into fresh soil. For the summer, the cyclamen is put in the shade.
At the end of June, you can start watering the plants again by spraying the leaves. In the fall, if a lot of roots are formed in the pot, you need to transplant the cyclamen into an even larger pot again. This time, the tuber is not planted to a great depth. Then you need to put the flower pot in a bright but damp place.
When the cyclamen is purchased, you need to carefully examine the condition of the plant. The leaves should not hang down and dry. The tuber of the plant should be lightly on the surface, not scratched.
Cyclamen needs a lot of light, but not direct sunlight. When the plant is in bloom, water it abundantly, but without excessive moisture. Watering must be done so many times in order to maintain the soil moisture to the maximum. Water should not get on the tuber. It is best to pour water directly into the sump. The cyclamen is not watered with tap water. It is necessary to insist. It is very important to observe the correct temperature regime. It is 15-17 degrees. The plant does not tolerate heat. Since such a temperature in an apartment is practically unattainable in the summer, you should not exceed 25 degrees. In winter, the flower is removed from the batteries.
It is not necessary to spray cyclamen either. If water gets on the tuber, it will destroy the cyclamen. But if the room is very hot, then you can humidify the air from the spray bottle. This will make it easier for the plant to overcome the heat.
You can't do without fertilizer for cyclamen. Fertilize the plant about once every two weeks. Fertilizers specially sold for cyclamen. When there are no flowers, no groundbait is required. When the cyclamen has lost the color of the leaves, you need to additionally fertilize the soil.
Plant transplant
Cyclamen is usually transplanted in the summer at a time when new leaves appear. The distance between the tuber and the edge of the pot should be three centimeters. Drainage is an integral part of a cyclamen transplant. In order for pests in the soil not to spoil the cyclamen, you need to treat the soil with a solution of potassium permanganate. About a third of the tuber should stick out above the ground.
After transplanting, the cyclamen is placed in a cool, dark place. Watering is not very strong. As soon as the leaves begin to appear, you can immediately add water and fertilizer.
You can propagate a flower using seeds or dividing a tuber. At home, few people do this.
Cyclamen disease
Like any plant, cyclamen can be sore. The reason for this is the wilting of the leaves. It may be too hot in the room. Sunlight also has a detrimental effect on the plant. Poor watering leads to the death of the roots. If the flowers and leaves wither, then perhaps you overdid it with water when watering, or it got on the tuber.
Rapid flowering of cyclamen indicates a lack of nutrients and heat in the room.
Indoor flower cyclamen, photo
Cyclamen care (Persian).
Lighting. Cyclamens are light-loving plants. Grow well on the windowsills of east and west windows. When growing cyclamen by the southern window, the plant requires shading from direct sunlight. The room must be well ventilated.
Temperature. Temperature is very important for the successful cultivation of cyclamens. The optimum temperature in the autumn-winter period is 10-12 ° C. At higher temperatures, the plant sheds its leaves and the flowering period is shortened.
When buying a plant grown in a greenhouse, it is very important to provide it with suitable temperature conditions at home. In an apartment it is not always possible to keep the plant cool, in order to help the plant acclimate and prolong its flowering, try to accustom the plant to a higher temperature gradually: put it on the coldest windowsill, ventilate it more often.
Humidity. Increased humidity is required, spraying is useful during the growth of leaves. After the flowers appear, do not spray; the humidity must be increased using wet pebbles or creating a water mist next to the plant.
Watering.: Water often, but little by little. The water temperature is 2-3 degrees below room temperature. Before the appearance of peduncles above the leaves, the plants can be watered from above, then only into the pallet. Drain excess water. During the dormant period, when the plant completely sheds its leaves, watering is reduced, but trying not to bring the substrate to complete drying out.
Fertilizers For long flowering, at least once every 2 weeks, combine watering with fertilizing with complex mineral fertilizers with a high potassium content.
Transfer. When the cyclamen has completely bloomed and most of the leaves turn yellow (that is, the plant is preparing for the dormant period), it can be transferred to a larger pot by adding fresh turf or peat substrate. It is necessary to ensure that the tubers are at the level of the substrate or protrude slightly above it.
The soil. It is important to ensure good aeration of the roots, therefore it is better to use an air-permeable substrate based on coarse peat. The mixture is also prepared from leafy earth, humus, peat and sand (1: 1: 1: 1), you can buy ready-made.
Rest period. From May to July, the tuber is dormant, completely sheds its leaves, the regrowth of which begins at the end of July. During this period, it is kept in a cool dry place.
Care of Cyclamen European (Cyclamen europaeum).
Home care has a lot in common with growing other cyclamens, but there are also significant differences.
Cyclamen European has a different name - "cyclamen purple" (Cyclamen purpurascens). This name is more correct, since the lower part of this type of cyclamen has a burgundy hue, on this basis the plant can be distinguished from other species.
The home flower cyclamen purple loves good lighting, but cannot stand high temperatures.
Correct cyclamen transplant at home
Therefore, the European cyclamen in our apartments is best placed on the east and west windows. You should not place a purple cyclamen in an apartment in the kitchen and in smoking areas, since this flower is very sensitive and does not tolerate smoke well.
If your cyclamen is located on a window, you need to remember that window sills in winter can get very hot from central heating radiators.
Therefore, it is good to put a wooden board under the plant pot for insulation. You can put European cyclamen between the window frames in winter, if you have them sufficiently sealed and the temperature will not drop below 7 degrees Celsius. The plant will feel good if the pot with cyclamen is placed in a pallet, expanded clay, fine gravel or sand must be poured onto the bottom of the pallet and a little water must be poured.
It is important that the water level does not exceed 5 cm, otherwise the roots of the cyclamen may rot, which will lead to its death.
Indoor plant (cyclamen purple) - does not have a pronounced dormant period, unlike other species, it does not lose leaves and remains green all year round.
Therefore, European cyclamens are watered (for home care) all year round. It is better to use soft and cool (5 degrees below room temperature) water for this.
Water this plant carefully, around, without flooding the middle.
Remember, stagnant water in the pot leads to rotting of the cyclamen tuber. Periodically, homemade cyclamen needs to be dried a little. In the summer, the European cyclamen is watered more often during home care, and less often in the winter as the earthen coma dries up.
Remember that an indoor flower (purple cyclamen) growing in an apartment does not need to be sprayed.
The domestic flower (European cyclamen) is a fairly cold-resistant plant, so when growing in the wild, it tolerates a temperature drop of up to 22 degrees of cold.
When caring for home, European cyclamen should not be kept at such a low temperature, therefore it should be borne in mind that in the forest it grows under trees, mainly under beeches. These trees shed a lot of foliage, which, like a blanket, keeps warm for the cyclamen in winter.
If kept in a room that is too dry and warm, the abundance and flowering time of cyclamen purple is reduced, and the leaves may turn yellow.
The optimum temperature for keeping an indoor flower for home care is from 15 to 22 degrees Celsius, the humidity should be moderate, about 40%.
This flower does not like spacious pots, it may even stop blooming if transplanted into a very large deep pot. Therefore, indoor cyclamens (European) are rarely transplanted once every three years, as the plant grows. It is better to do this in March before laying new buds of the plant and its active growth.
The soil for planting is taken as a leaf, mixed with sand and humus. Make good drainage at the bottom of the pot before planting. European cyclamens, unlike other species of this plant, are planted in low pots, since its tuber grows wider. When planting, the root of this type of cyclamen must be completely covered with earth.
When a purple cyclamen is kept in an apartment from March to October, regular feeding is carried out every two weeks (universal, mineral fertilizer for flowering plants).
Fertilizer should be low in nitrogen, as its excess can lead to root rot ...
In winter, the European cyclamen is not fed with anything, since there is relative rest in the life of the plant.
In European cyclamen, when nursing at home, daughter nodules appear on the tuber every year, they are easily separated from the adult plant and take root, after a year they grow into adult plants.
Also, cyclamen purple reproduces by seeds that appear on the plant when kept in the summer in the garden or with artificial pollination.
The flowering of the domestic European cyclamen, like its wild varieties, occurs in the summer from late May to early October.
Indoor purple cyclamen flowers have a strong and pleasant scent. Withered and dried flowers of purple cyclamen should be removed along with the pedicel, since their presence can lead to rotting of the plant and damage to the plant by pests.
Diseases of cyclamen purpurea are most often associated with waterlogging, such as gray mold.
To prevent this, the plant must be kept in a well-ventilated area, it is not necessary to flood it, you need to regularly inspect the leaves and remove damaged ones.
Sometimes indoor flowers of European cyclamen are affected by ticks and aphids. In this case, the plants must be isolated and treated with an insecticide. But in general, a plant when caring at home does not bring much trouble to its owners.
In apartments, this type of cyclamen grows for a long time, up to 15 years. This plant reproduces well and quickly.
Cyclamen purple for a long time, throughout the summer blooms with beautiful fragrant flowers. The flowers of European cyclamen are usually smaller than, for example, those of the Persian cyclamen, but its flowering is much more abundant, since the number of flowers per year can reach up to 80 pieces.
The flowering intensity depends on the size of your plant and the quality of its care.
By the way, in winter this indoor flower does not lose its decorative effect, since beautiful brilliantly dark green with a silvery pattern and jags along the edge of the leaf remain on it.
Cyclamen ivy in a pot
One day in late autumn I went into a flower shop and froze when I saw the cyclamen tubers for sale. These were dry (even with an ax), flat "cakes".
And next to the interesting tubers there is a large photo of a charming plant with many pink flowers and the caption "European cyclamen". However, these dry flat tubers did not resemble the cyclamen tuber. And they did not resemble the tuber of Persian cyclamen either.
In addition to these mysterious flat tubers, I was fascinated by two cyclamen buds, similar to sleeping swans. Out of curiosity, I bought a tuber.
Then she began to look for information about her newcomer cyclamen.
It turned out that his name was changed more than once. This plant was called ivy-leaved cyclamen, and Neapolitan, and European. But then they returned it to its former name - ivy-leaved cyclamen.
Planting and caring for ivy cyclamen in a pot
I held the purchased cyclamen tuber in a solution of potassium permanganate. Then she dried it a little (turning it over so that excess moisture does not damage the growth point) and put it in a wide two-liter pot.
First, she crumbled foam plastic to the bottom of the pot, half filled the container with the substrate. The tuber was not completely buried, but only slightly pressed it into the ground. I watered the planted cyclamen little by little, alternating watering in the pan and along the edge of the pot.
When the cyclamen tuber took root, its buds rose and blossomed into small flowers with a delicate aroma.
And after the buds, leaves from the tuber appeared. But the young leaves of cyclamen did not grow up, but first "buried" in the ground. And only then, "emerging" at the walls of the pot, they fully unfolded. Extraordinary beauty!
In the first year, my cyclamen did not retire. As soon as he began to lose leaves, new buds appeared in the tuber, and then flowers; and new leaves sprouted.
After observing the development of my cyclamen, I came to the conclusion that the tuber of this plant should be completely buried into the substrate when planting.
In the literature, it is recommended to plant ivy-leaved cyclamen tubers to a depth of 10 cm. But this is in the open field. And when planting in a pot, I sprinkled the cyclamen tuber with a layer of soil only half a centimeter.
Ivy cyclamen tuber storage and transplantation
Finally, last summer, my cyclamen signaled readiness for rest. When its leaves dried up, I removed the plant to a cool loggia, placing the pot under the rack.
From time to time she poured water into the pan and sprayed the soil so that the tuber did not dry out.
When I saw that the cyclamen, which had started to grow again, had buds, I transplanted it.
Unlike the Persian cyclamen, my ivy-leaved cyclamen had roots only on the sides of the tuber. I shortened them a little, powdered them with a mixture of crushed charcoal and root, then planted the plant in the same pot. She put styrofoam and moss down, and sprinkled some crumbled droppings against the sides of the pot.
How to transplant cyclamen at home
She put the tuber on a mound of soil, straightened the roots. And this time she completely covered the tuber of her ivy-leaved cyclamen.
I watered the transplanted cyclamen into a pallet, avoiding waterlogging of the top layer of the soil.
In August, the ivy cyclamen appeared the first flowers, and two months later - the leaves. By winter, its flowering was over, but even a faded cyclamen pleases me with a “bouquet” of leaves with an amazing pattern.
Elena Khomich
http://moicveti.ru
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In another way, they call the alpine violet or dryak. Florists love this plant for its beautiful flowers and variety of varieties. It can be grown both at home, in a pot, and outdoors. You can find cyclamen in almost any part of the world. This is a perennial plant, so if you take care of it correctly, you can enjoy beautiful flowers from year to year.
Despite the large number, only two are most often used for growing at home - these are Persian and European. The choice is made in their favor because they have beautiful bright inflorescences that appear even in winter.
How to plant - optimal conditions and time
A beautiful flower starts with the right planting... The most favorable time for breeding violets is considered to be the period from February to March.
Attention! In the apartment, it is not necessary to plant at this particular time, the seeds will sprout in any month.
What conditions does a cyclamen need to delight you with flowers?
- The room should be well ventilated and sufficiently bright and, ideally, sunny.
- The flower does not like drafts very much, but it does not care about low temperatures, it feels great even at 11 degrees.
- One of the most important criteria for a beautiful plant is loose soil, so do not forget about this if you want to achieve results.
- Much, it does not tolerate drought well. When the plant blooms, it is necessary to water it more often, however, it is worth making sure that no stagnation of water occurs, as the roots may begin to rot.
It is important to prepare the soil that will be suitable for cyclamen. Since this plant loves air, the soil should be loose enough. Easy enough to do.
Mix two parts of parboiled earth with one part of Tulip potting soil or something similar, add a little river soil to make the earth less dense.
It is also necessary to choose a pot of the correct size, it should not be very large so that the liquid does not stagnate, this will badly affect the roots of the plant.
The size of the pot depends on the age of the plant.:
- For small flowers, a pot up to six centimeters in diameter is enough.
- If the cyclamen is a year and a half, then no more than eight centimeters.
- The plant is older than three years - the diameter of the pot can be up to 15 centimeters.
Preparing the pot:
- Be sure to make a hole in the bottom of the pot.
- Put pebbles or expanded clay down to avoid the formation of excess moisture.
When the pot and soil is ready, you can proceed directly to planting cyclamen. It's easy to do. The main thing is to follow the sequence of actions.
How to properly plant a cyclamen:
- You need to prepare the seeds. Soak the seeds for about 10-12 hours in a weak solution of potassium permanganate or specialized preparations, for example, Epin.
- In the soil, we make a furrow about a centimeter deep and water it abundantly.
- The seeds need to be spread out at a distance of three centimeters from each other.
- Sprinkle with earth on top, cover with a jar or film.
Now that the first green shoots have appeared, you need to rearrange the flower in a well-lit place and remove the film. But you must try to avoid direct sunlight. As soon as a couple of leaves appear, you can transplant seedlings in pots. 2-3 pieces each, completely covering the tubers with earth.
After about six months, you can transplant flowers into larger pots., but at the same time, they only need to be added in 2/3. It is very important that the soil is loose; success depends on it.
How to plant at home?
Post-transplant care
You need to understand that even if you transplanted the plant correctly, but did not provide proper care after, then the fragile flower may die or.
As already mentioned, watering is very important for cyclamen, especially when it blooms (read how to water cyclamen correctly). Best of all, if you water through a pan, that is, pour water into a saucer, but if for some reason watering is from above, then try not to touch the tuber and pour water from the side, carefully observing so that water does not stagnate.
The plant will thank you if the air around is well humidified., arm yourself with a pulverizer and spray around the pot without hitting the leaves.
Fertilizers should not be neglected, especially during the growing season, it is recommended about 2 times a month. Liquid fertilizers are best suited for cyclamens. You can use the same as for planting. To enrich the soil, half a cap is enough, you need to add them to two liters of water and let it brew. It is advisable to use warm water. Fertilizing the soil after transplanting is not earlier than the first shoots appear.
Advice! Choose fertilizers that are chlorine-free or minimal, because mineral salts can harm cyclamen.
You can learn more about the secrets of proper care for cyclamen at home.
Thus, we can say that, following simple rules, you can easily and quickly grow a cyclamen that will delight you with beautiful flowers for a long time.
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Plant cyclamen (Latin Cyclamen) belongs to the genus of herbaceous perennials of the Mirsinovy family, although some scientists classify it as a Primrose family. The name of the plant comes from the Latin root, which means "round", like the shape of cyclamen tubers. The genus has about 20 species. In nature, the cyclamen flower is common in the Mediterranean, Iran and North-East Africa, but most of all in Turkey. Some types of cyclamen are successfully grown as indoor plants. Diluted cyclamen juice is used to treat sinusitis, but care should be taken, as you can burn the mucous membrane.
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Planting and caring for cyclamen
- Bloom: early spring, autumn, sometimes all year round.
- Lighting: bright diffused light, light partial shade.
- Temperature: 6-12 ˚C.
- Watering: during the period of active growth, regular, moderate, by means of bottom irrigation.
- Air humidity: higher than usual.
- Top dressing: once every two weeks with a solution of complex mineral fertilizer for flowering indoor plants in a weak concentration.
- Rest period: within 2-2.5 months after flowering.
- Transfer: once every two years at the end of the dormant period.
- Reproduction: seeds and dividing the tuber, if it has more than one growth point.
- Pests: spider mites, aphids, thrips, cyclamen mites.
- Diseases: gray rot, rhizoctonia, late blight, fusarium wilting.
Read more about growing cyclamen below.
Homemade cyclamen - features of growing
The cyclamen root is a flattened round corm up to 15 cm in diameter with a single growth point. Damage it - destroy the onion. Cyclamen leaves are basal, leathery, heart-shaped, growing on petioles up to 30 cm long, dark green in color with a grayish-silvery pattern. The original shape of the flowers is similar to outlandish butterflies - the petals are bent and pointed, sometimes have a fringed shape, and the color palette is incredibly wide - boiling white, pink, all shades of red, burgundy and purple. Cyclamen blooms for more than three months.
There is an opinion that indoor cyclamen is a capricious plant. Do not believe it! Cyclamen is unpretentious, just in its agricultural technology, as in the agricultural technology of any other plant, there are certain requirements, the mandatory fulfillment of which will allow you to easily cope with its cultivation. So:
- in no case store the tubers of the faded cyclamen in the refrigerator - after such storage, the bulb will not wake up;
- the cyclamen flower does not tolerate heat and stuffiness, but it lives well in a cool room at a temperature uncomfortable for humans - only 6-12 ºC;
- direct sunlight can burn the beautiful leaves of cyclamen;
- do not bury the cyclamen tuber in the ground: at least a third of the bulb should remain on the surface;
- cyclamen does not tolerate an excess of mineral salts in the soil, so be careful with fertilizers;
- a pot for cyclamen needs a small one, so that from the bulb to the wall of the pot there is a layer of soil no thicker than 2-3 cm.
And they often look for cyclamen instead of cyclamen. It's nothing. We will tell you how to grow both that and that flower.
In the photo: White cyclamen in a pot
Growing cyclamen from seeds
How to grow cyclamen
Such a species as Persian cyclamen reproduces by seeds. Cyclamen seeds are sown in February or March, although a home-grown cyclamen can be propagated at any time of the year. On the eve of planting, soak the seeds for 12 hours in a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate or in Epin or Zircon preparations prepared in accordance with the instructions. Then sow the seeds into an earthen mixture for cyclamens, consisting of two parts of pre-steamed soil, one part of a tulip or terravita soil mixture and half of river sand to loosen the soil.
It will be better if you make a 1 cm deep groove in the soil, spill it well with water and spread the seeds into it 2-3 cm apart. Sprinkle the seeds on top with a layer of soil and cover the container with glass or film.
At a temperature of 18-20 ºC, seeds germinate in 30-60 days, although there are sluggish varieties that germinate in five or more months!
Planting cyclamen
When sprouts appear, remove the cover and move the container with them to a more illuminated place, but away from direct sunlight! When two true leaves appear, the seedlings dive 2-3 seedlings into one pot, completely covering the nodules with soil. The soil should be loose, such as tulip mix or the same mix that you sowed the seeds in. After 6-7 months, you can transplant the grown cyclamenchiks into pots with a diameter of 6-7 cm with the same soil mixture. Planting cyclamen in this case requires deepening the corm by no more than two-thirds of its size so that the growth point rises above the soil surface. If caring for the cyclamen at home is correct, you will be able to see its flowering one and a half years after sowing the seeds.
In the photo: Growing cyclamen outdoors
Home Cyclamen Care
How to care for cyclamen at home
Cyclamen is a flower that requires bright, diffused light and cool (6-12 ºC) temperatures. In addition, you will often have to ventilate the room, but in no case make drafts in it- this is unacceptable for cyclamen. Frequent spraying will increase the humidity in the room, which is very popular with cyclamen, in addition, it can reduce the temperature by a couple of degrees in the summer heat. The plant needs to be fed with complex fertilizer for flowering plants, but be careful with the consistency - this is a plant it is better to underfeed than overfeed.
How to water cyclamen
During the period of active growth, cyclamen requires regular watering, but try to do without fanaticism in this matter: watering should be sufficient, but not excessive.
To make sure that the plant has enough moisture, use the bottom watering method - put the cyclamen pot in a container of water and keep it in it until the top layer of soil gets wet, then remove the pot from the water and let the excess drain off. ... This method, by the way, will not allow moisture to get to the top of the tuber, where the growth point is located, thereby the risk of plant decay will be minimized.
Reproduction of cyclamen
Cyclamens reproduce by the seed method, which we described in detail in the previous section, and by the vegetative division of the tuber. But you can divide only those corms that have more than one growth point, and this happens very rarely. In addition, the process of dividing and rooting a part of a tuber for an amateur often ends in failure, so we can assume that the seed method of reproduction of cyclamen is the only possible one.
In the photo: Cyclamen in a pot on the street
Cyclamen after purchase
How to care for cyclamen immediately after purchase? Sometimes the day after you bring the purchased cyclamen home, it drops flowers and even leaves. Don't panic - this is natural behavior for cyclamen. He needs to get used to your environment, and you try to create the conditions in which he will be comfortable. The cyclamen flower should occupy the brightest and coolest place at home.
Check the substrate, and if it is dry, give the plant a drink using bottom watering or watering in a pan - in these cases, the plant will receive exactly as much moisture as it needs. Be sure to spray the plant. Do not feed the cyclamen two or three months after purchase - the plants on sale are well and permanently fertilized.
Flowering cyclamen
Cyclamen blooms either in summer or in winter, and the time, that is, the duration of the flowering of the plant, directly depends on how you follow the rules for caring for the cyclamen. Recall that the optimal conditions under which the cyclamen will bloom for a long time and abundantly are as follows: a lot of light, but without direct sunlight; the optimum temperature for flowering is no lower than 10 ºC and no higher than 20 ºC. Watering either the bottom one or into the pan, so that moisture does not get either on the growing point or on the leaves with flowers. Prune faded flowers.
Cyclamen transplant
How to transplant cyclamen
The cyclamen is transplanted into a new substrate about once every two years if the pot has become too small on the bulb. This should be done at the end of the dormant period before the start of the active growing season.
But remember that cyclamen does not need a spacious pot, it blooms well only in close quarters, when the layer of earth from the bulb to the wall of the pot is no thicker than 2-3 cm.For example, for a bulb 1-1.5 years old, a pot with a diameter of 7-8 cm is suitable , and for a two-three-year-old bulb - with a diameter of 14-15 cm.
In a new pot, put expanded clay for drainage, a layer of fresh substrate, then an onion along with an earthen clod and roots and add the substrate so that the tuber is immersed in it by two-thirds. Compact the soil well. The transplanted cyclamen will need fertilizers no earlier than in a month.
In the photo: Flowering cyclamen
Cyclamen transplant after purchase
A cyclamen is transplanted after purchase only if it is in a dormant period, which is strange in itself - well, who buys an onion buried in the soil? If you bought a flowering cyclamen, wait for it to bloom and rest, and then, at the very beginning of the growing season, if the bulb is cramped or you want to change the technical plastic pot to a beautiful one, transplant the cyclamen in the described way. Or, if the plant does well in an old pot, place an ugly cyclamen pot in a beautiful planter.
Pests and diseases of cyclamen
Enemies of cyclamen
If you follow the rules for caring for cyclamen, neither insects nor viral or bacterial diseases threaten your flower, but improper care of the cyclamen at home can lead to rotting of the bulb with chronic waterlogging of the soil or the appearance of a spider mite with insufficient watering. Correct your mistakes as quickly as possible and do not admit them again, and then neither the cyclamen nor you with it will have problems.
Cyclamen turns yellow
If you follow the rules for watering the plant, and the cyclamen flower still turns yellow, then it may just be hot. Spray it as often as possible and, if possible, find a cooler place for it, otherwise the cyclamen from the heat may begin to dry and the flowers.
If the leaves began to turn yellow after the cyclamen has faded, then it is simply preparing for a dormant period, and your concern is in vain.
In the photo: Flowering cyclamen in the open field
Cyclamen does not bloom
If the cyclamen receives little moisture when watering or if you do not care about the required level of humidity in the room, you are unlikely to see cyclamen bloom. Cyclamen does not bloom in a too warm room, especially if it is not used to such a temperature. Sometimes, over time, the plant gets used to the high temperature in the home and, if all other conditions are met by you, the cyclamen eventually begins to bloom.
Cyclamen after flowering
When the flowering is complete, the leaves of the cyclamen gradually turn yellow, which indicates that it is preparing for a dormant period. It is better to remove yellow leaves, but do not cut off, but twist until they separate from the bulb. Watering is gradually reduced and the tuber resting in the ground is watered only occasionally, moving the plant to a shaded place until the cyclamen again shows signs of life.
Types of cyclamen
In culture, mainly two types of cyclamen are grown - Persian and European, as well as their derivatives.
Cyclamen European, or alpine violet
It is a tuberous plant with medium-sized leaves and fragrant pink-lilac flowers, but it has varieties of white, carmine and other flowers. In culture since 1607. Cyclamen european is much more tolerant of normal home temperatures than other species, but also prefers cool air to stuffiness. This species does not have a pronounced dormant period, in addition, its tubers sometimes grow daughter bulbs, which can be used for reproduction. European cyclamen blooms from late spring to almost winter, it feels great in summer on the balcony or in the garden, but under the obligatory protection from sunlight and from slugs and earthworms entering the pot, for which the pot is covered with an ordinary nylon stocking.
In the photo: Cyclamen European, or alpine violet
Persian cyclamen, or dryakva
It is most popular in culture than all other species, due to the incredible beauty of its flowers, which, when blooming, seem to turn inside out and grow petals down until the plant sheds them without any signs of wilting. The color of the flowers is pink, dark purple, lilac, white, bright pink, and in most cases the pharynx of the flower is in a different shade. The leaves of the Persian cyclamen are larger and more beautiful than the European ones, they are not inferior in decorativeness to flowers. Recently, dwarf varieties of Persian cyclamen have become very popular, which tolerate room temperature much better than specimens of large varieties. Persian cyclamen blooms from late autumn to early spring, and then 9 months of dormancy begins. In culture, since 1731.
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Today we'll talk about how to properly transplant cyclamen at home when it is best to do it and how to care for it after the transplant.
You have a cyclamen growing on your windowsill - an elegant plant with graceful leaves and unusual, as if turned inside out, flowers on long legs. At some point, it starts to seem to you that the cyclamen pot is too small - you need to transplant. But when? How? What kind of soil? And is there really a need for a transplant? Well, let's go point by point.
You will not have to start with buying a beautiful pot. First of all, determine which species your cyclamen belongs to.
The fact is that Persian cyclamen and purple cyclamen, which basically grow on our windows, have absolutely opposite outlooks on life on some issues - and this must be taken into account.
What species is your cyclamen?
When to transplant cyclamen?
And this is where a table will come in handy to determine the type of your cyclamen. Of course, it is customary to replant the plants at the end of the dormant period.
But the fact of the matter is that if the purple cyclamen (which is not for nothing called European) lives according to the time of the Northern Hemisphere, "sleeps" in winter and comes to life in spring, then the Persian cyclamen, on the contrary, rests in the summer, and by autumn it wakes up, gains strength and begins to bloom.
So it turns out that the purple European should be transplanted in the spring, and the Persian inhabitant - in the fall.
Which soil to choose?
On this issue, both cyclamens are extremely unanimous. They prefer light and nutritious soil and are not particularly moody about this issue. 1 part sand for 2 parts peat or humus, a good drainage layer at the bottom - and the cyclamen is happy.
And do not forget, the tuber of the Persian cyclamen is not completely buried in the ground - only up to half! But purple can be dug so that only the leaves stick out.
Soil recipe for cyclamen: sand and peat / humus 1: 2
Choosing a pot
Oddly enough, the cyclamen loves crampedness, and in too large a pot it suffers, withers and refuses to bloom. Therefore, they transplant (or rather, transfer it with a lump of earth) no more than once every two years, and the pot is selected so that literally two or three centimeters of earth remain between the tuber and the wall. What can you do - there is no dispute about tastes!
Post-transplant care
Cyclamen loves coolness and bright, but diffused light, so in no case place it on the south window, in direct sunlight. Best of all, a cool eastern, western or even northern loggia, a temperature of + 15-19 degrees, not too dry air and regular watering, will suit him.
Secret from connoisseurs: if you lower the temperature to + 8-12 degrees, the cyclamen will bloom much longer, sometimes for six months in a row. Theoretically, in nature, it can withstand up to -10, but domestic, potted specimens usually do not welcome such experiments.
And by the way, one more thing: cyclamens do not tolerate tobacco smoke. Who to give the loggia, flower or smoker - decide for yourself.
Lighting and temperature
Watering
As for watering, there are also some nuances here. During the growth period, the soil must be constantly moist, but in no case should water get to the growing point. Fill the growth point - the leaf stalks will rot, and the plant may die.
Therefore, cyclamens, especially purple ones (those with the tuber entirely in the ground) are watered not from above, but gently along the edges of the pot, or even pour water into the pan so that it itself penetrates the ground from below.
Well, of course, you should not arrange a shower for the Persian cyclamen sticking out of the ground - the plant will not appreciate it. But you can gently sprinkle the leaves with water from a spray bottle, because the moist air is very much to cyclamen's taste.
Watering cyclamen: sparingly along the edges of the pot or from the bottom, through a sump.
Top dressing
During the flowering period, cyclamen must be fed often, literally every two weeks, having waited, however, a month after transplanting. (In the first month, the plant gets used to a new place and takes root, so it is not up to increased nutrition.)
The easiest way is to use dry or liquid complex fertilizers specifically for these flowers. But - attention! - this is only for the flowering period. Because as soon as the cyclamen fades and begins to prepare for a new period of dormancy, all feeding should be stopped immediately, and watering should be reduced.
Put the pot in a cool, dark place (but not in the refrigerator!) And do not bother around it - let it sleep. But water occasionally.
Cyclamen leaves change color
If the leaves of the cyclamen turn yellow, do not rush to get scared and save the unfortunate plant. Return to the identification table: is your flower from a Persian region?
The fact is that in the Persian cyclamen, the foliage dries out before the onset of the dormant period, and this is normal. Only one tuber remains, which hibernates calmly. Tear off the dry leaves, and he doesn't need anything else.
But if the purple cyclamen turned yellow, this is a signal: it’s too hot for you, so look, it will refuse to bloom. Give coolness soon!
Sometimes brown spots and edges appear on the leaves. These are sunburns. The recipe is simple: urgently remove the plant from a sunny place.
Gray bloom on cyclamen leaves
He talks about the appearance of gray rot, a dangerous fungal disease that appears when the flower is watered too generously or poured all over the whole, along with the leaves.
Treatment: cut off damaged leaves, treat the plant with antifungal drugs and continue to water more carefully.
That's all there is to know about how to transplant cyclamen correctly and wait for the appearance of delicate flowers on long legs. Go for it! - and your cyclamen will certainly delight you with lush flowering in a new pot.
There are many recommendations regarding the transplantation of cyclamen and one clear rule, and it concerns when to do it and whether it is possible to transplant a flowering cyclamen. Regular replanting, which is carried out at the same time of each year, must be carried out before the beginning of budding, that is, before the beginning of the flowering period. Most often this is the middle of summer, when the leaves enter the phase of active growth. If the transplant is carried out regularly and correctly, and the care is favorable, cyclamen can please the eye for a very long time, up to twenty years.
The transplant of this plant is carried out not so much because of the growth of the root system, but because of the rapid depletion of the soil, which no longer provides the plant with the necessary nutrients, as a result of which it suffers, dries up and gets sick. The procedure also has a sanitary function, when dry and dead root areas are removed with the change of the pot and soil.
Cyclamen transplant after purchase
When a new tenant has just appeared at home, you should immediately inspect its root, at least look at the bottom of the pot. It often happens that the plant is in the store for a long time and its roots crawl into the drainage holes. In this case, you need to immediately think about a new home for the cyclamen.
A transplant is also required if the cyclamen tuber has rotted areas. In this case, they are carefully cut off with a sterile knife, the wounds are sprinkled with crushed activated carbon and the tuber is planted in the oven-calcined soil.
Sometimes the cyclamen is transplanted during the rest period with a purpose, but before dividing the cyclamen when transplanting, we recommend that you think twice. This procedure is complex, requires experience and certain skills and does not guarantee the achievement of the desired result, therefore, for reproduction, it is better to choose another, less traumatic option for the plant.
Transplant after cyclamen after flowering
Transplanting cyclamens after flowering is carried out only if the pot is significantly small for him, and this is possible only when the plant was purchased with color (as it basically happens) and in a pot of the wrong size. Or, if you want to replace an unsightly technical pot with something more beautiful.
In this case, you need to wait for the plant to bloom and rest a little, and then transplant. The new pot should not be spacious, the flowering of cyclamen is provided by just a tight container, from the bulb to the wall there should not be more than 2-3 centimeters of soil. Holes are made in the bottom of the pot, and a thick layer of drainage is poured at the bottom to prevent stagnation of water and rotting of the bulb. A fresh and calcined substrate for an hour in the oven is poured onto it. A tuber is placed on it and sprinkled with the remaining earth in such a way as to be sprinkled by two-thirds (if we are talking about the most common). The land for transplanting cyclamen is well compacted, fertilizers are not introduced for a month.
Thus, the plant gets a new home, but if it feels good in the old pot, then it is better to just put it in a beautiful planter and wait for the recommended transplanting time.
Cyclamen care after transplant
Therefore, the cyclamen is transplanted, then you need to decide where to put it. Given the fact that there is a lot of sun in his homeland, it will not be right to put it in the shade, it will not bloom there. And when you consider the fact that it grows in forests, then direct sunlight is not a good option. It is worth choosing a position in which the plant will receive enough diffused light, and in the heat there will be shading, thin light blinds, for example.
A window sill above the battery is not suitable for him, since high temperatures are contraindicated for cyclamen. To ensure healthy growth and flowering, temperature indicators should not go beyond the range of 13-17 C, with the lower limit being recommended, and the upper one being extreme. Considering that cyclamen blooms in winter, you can put it closer to the cold window and then it will bloom even better.
A very important point in care is that it should not be excessive and not small, you need to get used to it. It is best to check the condition of the soil, it should dry out, but not be hard like stone. It is then that you can water. It is necessary to pour water under the walls of the pot, or even better into the pan, so that in no case it gets on the tuber and the growing point, this leads to decay of the plant.
Regarding air humidity, its level should not be allowed too low, but spraying is contraindicated. It is best to opt for a humidifier, a container of water placed nearby, or damp stones in the pallet.
What to do if cyclamen does not bloom after transplanting
And in conclusion, there are several answers to a very common question that often arises among the happy owners of this handsome man: why does the cyclamen not bloom after transplantation?
The first and most common reason is the incorrect planting of tubers. When buying, it is important to clarify which kind of cyclamen is being bought and, depending on this, add the rhizome correctly. For example, the Persian species is covered with soil by two-thirds, the Neapolitan - completely, and other species have different requirements.
The color will also not please the plant that was unsuccessfully placed after transplantation, say, in a room with too high a temperature or lack of light. If the cyclamen pot is placed in the shade, it will not die, but it will not bloom, and then another green deciduous plant will appear in the house.
Well, the last reason that can inhibit flowering is the presence of diseases and pests. Such problems negatively affect the development of the plant as a whole, therefore they become immediately noticeable. In this case, the plant is isolated, thoroughly examined and treated urgently. Re-transplant may often be required. Eliminating the risk of pest infestation, by the way, is precisely the reason why the soil is baked in the oven before use, fried in a pan, or at least washed with a manganese solution.
How to transplant cyclamen correctly, video
And in conclusion, a thematic video about transplanting cyclamen at home.