The correct principle of eliminating cracks in the brick wall. In your house cracked facing brick? The solution is! Put the house with bricks inside the cracks went

On the wall of the house at any time, the crack can appear and the owners of the structure can immediately ask how dangerous phenomenon. Specialists distinguish between two types of cracks - passive and active. And if in the first case, the considered defect can be "removed" with their own hands, then in the second will have to attract professionals. But first you need to understand which factors provoke the appearance of cracks.

Table of contents: - -

Causes of cracks in the house

It is believed that in the first five years after the construction of a house on the walls in 90% of cases, crack appear - the specialists are called a natural shrinkage that does not represent any danger. But it happens and so - the house for many years, it is quite oblivious, all the designs are regularly repaired, and the cracks still appeared. What is the reason for this phenomenon?

First, cracks in the house may appear due to violations in the technology of the construction of the walls themselves. For example, if the blasting of the masonry from the brick was carried out incorrectly.

Secondly, the phenomenon under consideration at home can be caused by non-compliance with the sequence of construction work. For example, communication systems (water supply, sewage) are often carried out after the construction of the house - it is necessary to make the foundation plan, which affects its qualitative characteristics negatively.

Thirdly, the foundation often occurs - for example, due to the compression of the grounds of the base or too much pressure of the house on the foundation. This is possible if the construction of the foundation was carried out without preliminary calculations and design. The most frequent mistakes:

• during the construction of the foundation, geodetic surveys were not carried out, the nature of the soil was not studied;
• the resulting soil resistance was erroneous, strongly overestimated;
• geodesic surveys at the construction site were carried out in the summer - the level of groundwater lifting level was not calculated;
• an error was made when choosing the type of foundation - for example, linear was laid instead of the column;
• the depth of the foundation base was not made, its thicknesses - usually the data on past construction sites are taken as the basis of these parameters;
• violations of the laying technology of a sand pillow under the foundation - for example, an insufficient layer thickness or a poor-quality trimmer of sand.

Note: Cracks in the house of the old building may occur because of the constructive changes in the building. Often, the owners shut down the subfield in the foundation unpreigned for this, and the result will be offset / shrinkage of the foundation.

When even a small crack is detected, the main question arises - is it dangerous? Check it is simple enough - you need to install the control beacon and watch the "behavior" of cracks for a long time. Professionals such control beacons put special - lamellar, which are obliged to be registered in the supervisory bodies. At home, when solving a problem, you can use one of the following methods:

• on the crack, stick the paper strip indicating the installation date;
• prepare a gypsum solution and put a strip on the crack.

And then it remains only to wait and periodically check the status of the control beacon. Perhaps a few months will pass before any conclusions can be made - specialists claim to be controlled by a crack for 8-12 months.

As far as it is dangerous, it will show the rupture of the control beacon - if there is such a phenomenon, then it will be necessary to apply complex technical solutions to eliminate the problem, if there is no break in the bearing, it is not necessary to worry at all.

Cracking methods in the house

Different cracks are eliminated in certain ways - you must first determine the level of the problem.

Note: If the control beacon showed a rapidly expanding crack, then no ways to eliminate cracks do not help with their own hands - they will only have a short-term effect. Be sure to invite specialists to solve the problem, otherwise the consequences will be the worst - the collapse of the wall or the whole structure!

How to fix the crack in the house from the inside

If small cracks on the wall are found inside the house, it is easier to eliminate them easier. It will take only a primer and a special putty grid. You need to act on the instructions below:

• we clean the surface from building materials, finishes - the wall should be perfectly clean;
• we use deep penetration primer (it is with such marking!) - cover the entire purified surface;
• we glue the spike mesh to the entire prepared surface;

Note: A special grid must close the entire area of \u200b\u200bdamage on the wall - should not be due to its limits even small segments of cracks.

• on the grid we apply a small layer of putty and leave until complete drying.

Only after complete drying of the spacion layer can be started to grout surface and sticking wallpaper or other finishing materials.

Elimination of cracks in the house from the outside of the wall

In the case of the appearance of small cracks outside the house, one should act on the same principle as in the above embodiment. Procedure:

• cleaning the cracker from plaster or garbage;
• we apply a layer of primer deep penetration and glue on it a spacchal mesh;
• we put putpuckle. But! If the crack is eliminated on the outer walls, it is advisable to use a special putty, reinforced - it is resistant to the negative impact of atmospheric changes.

If the cracks on the outside of the walls of the house went not only by plaster, but also apply to brickwork, you will have to make much more effort. And in this case the actions algorithm will be the following:

Note:the metal mesh should cover the entire surface intended for overlapping a new layer of plaster. In this way, the new plaster will not be broken, which will allow impeccable finishing materials.

This situation means only one thing - it is necessary to urgently take the cardinal measures to eliminate such a problem. If you ignore all the recommendations of specialists, limit ourselves to the above-described repair options, the result will become the collapse of the whole house. But with the work on eliminating such complex active cracks can also cope with the newcomer - the main thing is to strictly follow the following instructions:

1. All plaster from the wall at the location of the crack is knocked down - be sure to withstand the distance of 50 cm on each side of the crack.
2. The crack is cleaned from the solution and dirt - it can be done with a metal spatula.
3. Purified crack is poured by mounting foam.
4. Fastening the metal plates that will pull the crack without giving it further spread. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the following points:

• the plate must be chosen from thick, high-quality metal;
• to obtain the optimal result, you will need to pull the crack at least 3 plates, and if the crack is long, it may also be needed 4, and 5 metal plates;
• plates are attached with self-tapping screws, but with the use of dowels.

After the imposition of fastening metal plates, it is possible to continue to work on the usual algorithm - priming / fixing the reinforcing mesh / application of the new plaster.

But note - such events serve as a temporary measure, since without specific education, it will not be possible to determine the reason for the appearance of active cracks. Most often in the future will have to carry out correction work on the foundation - it is either strengthened / strengthened, or lift the walls / roof of the house and carry out a complete replacement of the base.

Prevention of cracks appearances in the house

In order not to deal with cracks in the house, it is worth familiar with the prevention of such a phenomenon.

First, if only the house is designed, you need to consider a few moments:

• conducting geodesic surveys must be necessary - this will help determine the type of soil, the location of the aquifers, the depth of the soils of water;
• at the stage of the project preparation, it is necessary to envisage the possibility of building a sample / cellar under the house - this will entail serious constructive changes;
• be sure to get acquainted with the depth of the fruit of the soil - the depth of the foundation will depend on this.

Secondly, when buying an old house, pay attention to the already available walls, invite specialists to assess their condition - often the insignificant sizes of cracks are hiding serious problems in the sustainability / reliability of the entire structure. Another point - around the whole house there must be a breakfast - it will prevent moisture from entering the foundation, and therefore, will lead the prevention of its destruction.

Submitting to the latest design tendencies, most of the owners of private houses and cottages with external design of buildings make a choice in favor of brickwork. Such a coating provides buildings a beautiful view, and also performs the function of protective and decorative and facing material. In terms of its strength characteristics, the facing brick exceeds many finish options, so in our country it is particularly in demand even with the high cost of material and stamping. However, to preserve wear resistance - the coating needs to avoid such a phenomenon like cracks in facing brick.

Causes of cracks in facing masonry

Even with strict compliance with the rules of construction of the house, there is a chance of the occurrence of unpleasant situations in the form of shrinkage and temperature deformation of coatings. They are the main causes of cracks in the facing surface of the brick. The deformation can lead to different phenomena:

• to the shrinkage due to the impact of moisture, which is why there is a decrease in the volume, sealing and solidification of the facing coating;
• to change linear dimensions at a temperature compression and expansion.

The shrinkage process is natural and occurs, as a rule, for several years. But on the temperature deformation mainly affects the change of season, daily fluctuations in temperature, the position of the lined walls in relation to the sides of the light. Note that the front surfaces of the walls located on the sunny side of the house are more susceptible to linear extensions. You can prevent these phenomena by following several simple rules.

How can one prevent the formation of cracks in a facing coating of a brick: 7 tips from professionals

Given the likelihood of a linear shrinkage of bricks and periodic temperature fluctuations, to prevent the formation of cracks in the building cladding, by following the following rules:

1. Maximize the facing products before it laying onto the main surface.
2. Clearly follow the masonry methodology based on the arrangement of the so-called tychkins. The method involves laying the tonchkovy rows from one-piece elements in places such as the upper and lower rows of the erected structure, in belts and eaves, under beams, runs and carrier plates, as well as every four spoonful rows. In addition, facing madding should be necessarily tied with anchors and unloading belts used.
3. In the process of facing masonry, use the reinforcement steel grid with a diameter of 2-3 mm. Such a grid will reduce the deformation load on the facing surface, thereby contributing to the long-term preservation of its integrity.
4. Circuit deformation seams throughout the masonry surface, which in the facing will perform both functions and shrinkage and temperature seams. Their thickness should not exceed 15 mm.
5. Avoid moisture from the facing brick during its transportation, processing and laying.
6. Do not allow freezing and thawing the walls of the building.
7. To perform a facing masonry using the maximum rigid solution, plasticizers and non-shrouded additives to avoid wetting products and in order to prevent the appearance of cracks in the process of drying the facing surface.

Although cracks in facing brick coating and do not affect the carrier masonry abilities, they still spoil its appearance.

How to extend the lifetime of masonry from facing brick

To extend the service life of the brick cladding of your home and reveal the possible cracks in time, the first thing to be done is to inspect the facing coating in order to identify and further eliminate defects. At this stage, not only the outer walls of the structure are carefully checked, but also masonry seams. All chips and cracks in facing brick are close using a special sealant, which is selected under the color shade of the main material. For seams, as a rule, solutions are used similar to those used in the production of masonry - so renovated sections of facing masonry will not be allocated from the overall architectural composition.

The next stage involves cleaning brick masonry from dirt and dust, while specialists do not recommend using a wet method for this. It is better to wipe the surface with a soft, dry cloth, thereby preventing moisture from entering the brickwork.

To ensure optimal protection of facing brickwork at the finish stage, it is recommended to apply an additional protective layer - it can be a special varnish, hydrophobizers or clinker oil. Such types of coatings will be well protected by the facing of your home from negative factors of exposure for a long time. Even at the arrival of disrepair, the lacquers and coloring compositions are much easier to remove and cheaper to reinstate than to restore the brick laying itself. At the same time, the well-groomed appearance of the building will continue to please the gaze of its owner.

One of the most popular materials for the construction of various objects is brick. However, this material is not ideal, and in buildings from it during their operation, flaws and damage may occur.

The most common withdrawal are cracks on the wall. Correct such a lack will not be a lot of work. To do this, it is necessary to find out the cause of the crack and choose the necessary technological method to eliminate it.

Features

The manifestation of cracks on the wall surfaces from the brick is a bad sign. However, when the foundation is properly laid and properly performing cracking, there should not be arranged.

Any visible flaw signals a non-compliance with the norms of construction or use and needs to be immediately corrected the cause of its appearance. The level of complexity of sealing cracks in wall surfaces depends on their thickness and depth (sometimes it is necessary to disassemble the necessary brickwork area).

You can close the crack with your own hands if you follow our recommendations. We will help you to eliminate any flaws (for example, a cracked surface of the carrier wall).

Causes of gaps

There are several reasons that create an unpleasant problem.

• Lack of either unsuitable bundle between blocks. It is manifested in the form of a vertical crack over the entire height of the wall (it occurs when the extension structure arises to the existing building or in case of non-compliance with the correctness of the work). You can get rid of the gap only if the pre-reinforced belt is made by the reinforced belt.
• Ladies when laying the foundation of the building:filling the foundation for a small depth (less than the ground freezing level), the use of granular or mineral blocks, the use of concrete with poor strength and frost resistance. External manifestations: cracks in the areas of corners or rapidly increasing cracks in the upper parts of the wall surfaces from the brick.

You can avoid this by strengthening the foundation perimeter by creating a belt from concrete.

• Error defining the quality of the soilWhat makes errors occur when taking into account the load. This also includes soil deformation as a result of vibrations, natural phenomena (for example, active soil waters), as well as the works of close to the object. All this leads to the appearance of large cracks throughout the surface of the walls.
• Conciliatory drawdown over the first year of operation.This is manifested in the form of small and shallow gaps, which are in the future do not increase in size. To eliminate them, you need to make only insignificant repairs.
. Cracks arise in the areas of the greatest voltage. In order to avoid it, it is necessary to distribute the load evenly and produce the screed in the required places.

In order to close the crack in the wall of the brick house, you should stick to a simple instruction:

• carefully inspect the entire building, recognize and eliminate the foci of cracks;
• periodically check the condition of the wall surfaces;
• when the slightest cracks are found, it is necessary to immediately do everything possible to prevent the dissemination of defects;
• when forming cracks, it is necessary to calculate the necessary inner region of the slots, as well as to maximize the interaction with finishing agents;
• after checking the walls and the processing of the slots, the detected cavities should be made and make an exterior isolation (or finishing).

Prior to the determination of the cause of the exemption, it is meaningless to make something for its correction.

In addition, it is necessary to conduct a permanent check on the rate of increasing cracks. For this, the slit must be noted with marking from the spacing composition of either a concrete solution. The desired ranges of strips is 100 × 40mm with a layer thickness of less than ten millimeters. There is also a simpler paper using paper. Check for breaks should be made every day for five weeks. In case of problems, it is necessary to capital repairs to the foundation of the construction and assistance of a professional.

It is worth remembering that the width of the crack is more than twenty millimeters is critical. In such a situation, an auxiliary increase in the edges of the cracks and the strengthening of brick structures is necessary. The destruction of the region needs to dismantle.

If, after check, you noted that the crack did not increase, then you can use the simple method of sealing the slit in the brick wall.

Methods for fixing cracks

It is worth remembering that the occurrence of vertical debris width from ten millimeters is the harbinger of the destruction of the walls of the structure. Therefore, repairing this crack cement mortar without a solid metal screed will not work. In this regard, there are several repair options.

• Sloves special anchorsmetal in a dowel, mounted along the edges of the crack.
• Installation of longitudinal metal brackets with bends along the edgesin pre-done holes in the wall surfaces (later they should be lifted with cement mortar). This method is the easiest and reliable when fixing through slots from the outside.

• Hardening of brickwork from the inside with special fastening compounds.When mounting fasteners into the surface of the wall, they need to be made to a greater depth (more than half of the entire thickness of the wall). It is allowed to alternate fasteners. In practice, sealing the slots in the wall surfaces from the brick is made after the installation of fixing structures.
• Use of reinforcement gridrationally, if desired, strengthen the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe structure, because even the careful calculation of the foundation does not guarantee the absence of a shrink on the risk. When choosing a method and material to eliminate cracks, it is necessary to take into account the upcoming outdoor finish. All parts made of metal material are processed against corrosion against corrosion and disguise painting are either embarrassed by plaster.

What to close cracks

The compositions for lubing slots depend on the location of the flaws (from the inside, outside the house or even under the window). Inside the room, stripping the crack is possible on the basis of plaster or a mixture of lime and cement. For outdoor installation, it is better to choose the most resistant to moisture materials (otherwise, the finish will last long).

• For minor cracks (less than five millimeters width) is a repair with a solution from cement. In situations, when shrinking microscopic cracking does not exceed one millimeter, they are better to lure epoxy resin.
• For defects with a length of five to ten millimetersthe seal can be made of cement and sand in a ratio of 1: 2 or 1: 3. To achieve a plastic consistency, it is necessary to add water.
• For more problematic cracksin the wall structures of the brick (as well as in the structures with a layer of air), the foam will be a great solution. Such material requires compulsory protection against sunlight, so after frozen the foaming surplus are removed.

• For defects of various typescement composition is suitable with the addition of polymers from the M400 brand category. The compositions are passed through a small grid with a small grain of sand or joinery glue based on polyvinyl acetate and water. PVA in such cases is added redundant (from one liter on the bucket) and adds to the latter.
• For problem locations wall(from the inner or outdoor) you can use silicone-based sealant. The advantages of such a fund can be attributed to the plasticity and a long service life of the material, tolerance to temperature and humidity changes, the convenience of climbing cracks with the help of an assembly pistol. The disadvantage of this method is large financial expenses, so it does not fit for large areas and volumes.
• If necessary, eliminate defects on the outsideand with the presence of an outdated solution, mixtures are used with the addition of brick crumbs.

At the end of the repair, the condition of brick surfaces must be carefully examined for two months.

Good day! House 2 years from the moment of construction.

Foundation:
Reinforced monolithic ribbon (3 rows of 3 rods 14 reinforcements, vertical twigs 1.5 meters) laid to depth 1.5 m, tape width 50 cm. Insulated breakfast 1 meter width, drainage, lavety system (i.e. water from The drains are discharged a few meters from the house). Vertical waterproofing did not. There is no drainage due to the complexity of the organization and the inability to take water (house within the city, dense construction).
The foundation was laid on the site of the old house with a complete withdrawal of the past foundation (there was a finely breeding tape), there were no cellars. There was a toilet of a depth of 2.5 meters - he was falling asleep and tamped, he was under the northeast angle of the present house.

Soil: 20-50 cm Fertile layer, then 3-5 meters of saturated water of Suglink and clay. The peculiarity of the soil - due to poor water permeability, the loam is rich in water most of the year. Water mirror in the well from 20-50 cm in spring, up to 2.5-3 meters at the end of a dry summer. In "Normal" weather - 1.5 meters from the level of soil. The site after the construction of the house is raised by about 50 cm to the level of neighbors.

Cocol: 4 rows of hollow silicate brick. There is a horizontal waterproofing between the ribbon and the basement and between the basement and carrier walls (two layers of the rubberoid).

Walls - "well" masonry. The main walls from the autoclave gas silicate D600, then 5 cm of the insulation (PLATEX), the minimum vent, then the facade of half the silicate brick. The connection of the walls and cladding is a solid welded grid of 1.5 mm every three rows of gas silicate. Walls, insulation, facing are completely based on the base.

House in two floors. Armopoya was made between the first and second floor and between the second floor and the roof.

The jumpers above the windows and openings for the main walls are made of factory reinforced concrete jumpers (jumpers wider openings by 50-60 cm, the content of the content is reinforced with silicate brick). The jumpers on the facing are made using a metal corner of 10x10 with a thickness of 1 cm, the corners are also wider than the openings by 50-60 cm.

I noticed a crack under a wide window on the eastern side of the house. The crack passes from the window through 4 rows of bricks vertically, then slightly shifts to the veranda (another 3 rows), it closes without reaching the base of 3 rows (see rice, the crack under the widest window and its direction is shown in red). It is noticeable that slightly reveals from above (up to 1 mm).

Immediately after construction, a similar fracture appeared under a narrower window on the south side (see fig) - it also passes through several rows. However, the crack from the south side is more like the temperature seam - when heated the wall it is completely closed, and in frosts it is ajected (~ 1 mm).

A new crack under a wide window does not look like a crack under a narrow window. The main difference is that it has a distinct disclosure. I observe a crack for several days and until I noticed the dynamics of increasing it. Lighthouses River. It does not depend on the air temperature. Surveyed the base from the inside - remarked the hair cracks on bricks in about the crack area under the window. There are no cracks on the foundation.

Please tell - to worry or not? What can be done to determine the reason for the appearance of the crack and eliminate it ...

A frequent problem is gaps in a brick house, which arise for various reasons. The correct sealing of cracks in brick walls allows not only to externally smear the cracked plot on the wall, but also prevent the problem again. The slit can be formed on the carrier wall, which is most dangerous, especially in a high-rise building.

Why arise: the main reasons

If a brick wall cracked, then it is required to find out what sources of violations. It is often a cracking of brickwork from the front side, which can be associated with an incorrectly chosen solution or decorative tiles, impaired technology of work when facing the facade of the building. The cracked brick walls on the outside are often explained by variable climatic conditions under which strong frosts are replaced by hot days, as a result of which the foundation does not withstand.

If on time and correctly not repaired and not eliminate horizontal or vertical cracks in the brickwork, then the collapse of the entire structure is possible.

Permanent sources

If the carrier wall of the brick burst, then the reason can be wounded in the improper shrinkage of a multi-storey building, which is associated with different pressure at the corners of the building on the foundation. This happens in situations when one wall is completely deaf from silicate brick, and the second is glazed. Other permanent factors that affect the appearance of cracks are distinguished:

The defect in the wall may appear at the close side of the house to the track, which often drives heavy transport.

• The external impact in which water is pumped out, rotate the pit and perform other manipulations, leading to the dialing of the foundation.
• Specific influence of the grunted type soil. When it freezes, it is not the uneven lifting, and when thawing the foundation is not sitting on all sides.
• Mechanical factors. When the number of reinforcement is reduced or there are no deformation seams and skips, then the masonry or facing brick cracks.
• The effects of dynamic type. These include technical equipment, which are held near the multi-storey buildings. It is also possible to appear cracks in brick walls at the close location of the track, which regularly moves heavy vehicles.

Temporary

The appearance of such cracks in the brick house is associated with the influence of such factors:

• natural deformation processes during construction shrinkage at the end of construction;
• temporary load on the surface located near the housing;
• deviations when the walls are erected, for example, when connecting an old and new building, in which the brickwork is incorrect;
• brick wear with long use due to increased humidity.

How dangerous?

To track the dynamics of cracks, paper controllers are glued on it.

If a multi-storey house has burst and repair work was not carried out on time, the crack is dangerous in a big difference. To determine the level of danger, it is necessary to arrange the control lock, observing the state of the seam. If it is difficult to deal with the problem of damage to brick walls, then the masters call. A specialist has special lamellar light beacons that are recorded in supervisory bodies. If it is impossible to call the masters perform the following actions:

• In a place where brick bursts, glue the paper strip, indicating the date of its fixation.
• Cement mortar makes a small horizontal strip over the crack that appeared.

Regularly check the state of the control beacon. Sometimes it remains unchanged even after 2-3 months. To complete the status of the brick wall, the average is required for the year. How dangerous crack shows the damage to the controller. With his break, it is necessary to pull the walls of a brick house, applying technical solutions.

If the control beacon remains unharmed, it is not worth worrying and it will only be enough to hide the defect, making the plaster on the resulting seams.

Elimination of outdoor cracks

Such types of damage in masonry occur often and require the following actions:

A reinforced grid is used to fix the outer crack.

1. The place where the brick crackled, carefully clean from plaster and dirt.
2. Ground the wall with deep penetration with deep penetration and glue the grid for putty.
3. Impose a special reinforced putty for external work. When choosing a conventional material, the crack soon can again manifest after several weather influences.

If there are deep cracks not only on facing brick, but also on the masonry, then more radical measures are required. Sometimes it is necessary to reinforce the foundation of the reinforcement. Capital elimination of cracks in brick walls is performed as follows:

1. Clean all the plaster and attach a special metal grid, which is fixed by bolts.
2. A solution of cement and sand is applied over the grid, while the layer of plaster should be as the previous one so that there are no drops.