In order to start assembling something with your own hands, you need to understand the basics. What is a gyroplane? It is an aircraft that is ultra-lightweight. It is a rotary-wing air model, which, during flight, rests on the main surface, freely rotating in the autorotation mode of the main rotor.
Autogyro: characteristics
This invention belongs to the Spanish engineer Juan de la Cierva. This aircraft was designed in 1919. It is worth saying that at that time all the engineers tried to build a helicopter, but that was exactly what happened. Of course, the designer did not decide to get rid of his project, and in 1923 he released the world's first gyroplane that could fly due to the autorotation effect. The engineer even created his own company, which was engaged in the production of these devices. This continued until modern helicopters were invented. At this point, gyroplanes have lost their relevance almost completely.
DIY autogyro
Once the main aircraft, today the gyroplane has become a relic of history that you can assemble with your own hands at home. It is worth saying that this is a very good option for those people who really want to "learn to fly".
There is no need to buy expensive parts to build this aircraft. In addition, to assemble it, you do not need special equipment, a large room, etc. You can assemble it even in an apartment if there is enough space in the room and the neighbors do not mind. Although a small number of gyroplane elements will still need to be machined on a lathe.
Otherwise, assembling a gyroplane with your own hands is a fairly simple process.
Despite the fact that the apparatus is quite simple, there are several types of this design. However, for those who decided to create it on their own and for the first time, it is recommended to start with such a model as a gyroplane-glider.
The disadvantage of this model will be that in order to lift it into the air, you will need a car and a cable, about 50 meters long or more, which can be fixed on the car. Here it is necessary to understand that the flight altitude in the gyroplane will be limited by the length of this element. After such a glider is lifted into the air, the pilot should be able to drop the cable.
Once detached from the vehicle, the aircraft will glide slowly downward at an angle of approximately 15 degrees. This is a necessary process as it will allow the pilot to develop all the necessary piloting skills before embarking on a real, free flight.
Basic geometrical parameters of a gyroplane with a landing gear with a nose wheel
In order to move on to real flight, you need to add one more detail to the autogyro with your own hands - an engine with a pusher propeller. The maximum speed of the vehicle with this type of engine will be about 150 km / h, and the maximum height will increase to several kilometers.
The basis of the aircraft
So, making a gyroplane with your own hands must start from the base. The key parts of this device will be three duralumin load-bearing elements. The first two are the keel and center beams, and the third is the mast.
A steerable nose wheel will need to be added to the front keel boom. For these purposes, you can use a wheel from a sports microcar. It is important to note that this part must be equipped with a braking device.
You also need to attach wheels to the ends of the axle beam on both sides. Small wheels from a scooter are quite suitable for this. Instead of wheels, you can mount floats if you plan to use the gyroplane as a means of flying in tow behind the boat.
In addition, one more element needs to be added to the end of the keel beam - a truss. A truss is called a triangular structure, which consists of duralumin corners, and then reinforced with rectangular sheet overlays.
It can be added that the price of a gyroplane is quite high, and making it with your own hands is not only realistic, but also helps to save a lot.
Keel beam elements
The purpose of attaching the truss to the keel beam is to connect the device and the car by means of a cable. That is, it is put on precisely this part, which must be equipped so that the pilot, when pulling on it, can immediately release from the clutch with the cable. In addition, this part serves as a platform for placing on it the simplest flying devices - an airspeed indicator, as well as a side drift indicator.
Under this element is a pedal assembly with a cable wiring to the steering wheel of the vehicle.
A homemade gyroplane should also be equipped with a tail, located at the opposite end of the keel beam, that is, at the back. The tail is understood as a horizontal stabilizer and a vertical stabilizer, which is expressed through the keel with a rudder.
The last tail piece is the safety wheel.
Frame for gyroplane
As mentioned earlier, the frame of a homemade gyroplane consists of three elements - a keel and axle beam, as well as a mast. These parts are made of duralumin pipes with a section of 50x50 mm, and the wall thickness should be 3 mm. Typically, these pipes are used as a base for windows, doors, shop windows, etc.
If you do not want to use this option, you can construct a gyroplane with your own hands using box beams made of duralumin corners, which are connected using argon-arc welding. The best material option is D16T.
When installing the marking for drilling holes, make sure that the drill only touches the inner wall, but does not damage it. If we talk about the diameter of the required drill, then it should be such that the MB bolt model fits into the hole as tightly as possible. It is best to carry out all work with an electric drill. Using the manual option is inappropriate here.
Assembling the base
Before proceeding with the assembly of the base, it is best to draw up a drawing of the gyroplane. When drawing it up and then connecting the main parts, it must be borne in mind that the mast should be slightly tilted back. In order to achieve this effect, the base is slightly filed before installation. This must be done in order for the main rotor blades to have an angle of attack of 9 degrees when the gyroplane is simply on the ground.
This moment is very important, since providing the right angle will create the necessary lifting force even at a low towing speed of the vehicle.
The location of the axial beam is across the keel. Fastening is also carried out to the keel beam using four MB bolts, and for greater reliability they should be equipped with locked split nuts. In addition, to increase the rigidity of the gyroplane, the beams are interconnected by four braces from a steel angle.
Backrest, seat and chassis
In order to attach the frame to the base, it is necessary to use two duralumin corners 25x25 mm in front, attaching them to the keel beam, and at the back to attach to the mast using a bracket made of steel corner 30x30 mm. The backrest is bolted to the seat frame and mast.
Rings are also put on this part, which are cut from the rubber tube of the wheel. Most often, a wheel chamber of a freight transport is used for these purposes. On top of these rings, a foam cushion is applied, which is tied with ribbons and trimmed with durable fabric. It is best to pull a cover over the backrest, which will be made of the same fabric as the seat.
If we talk about the chassis, then the front strut should have the form of a fork, which is made of sheet steel, and also have a wheel from the kart, turning around a vertical axis.
Gyroplane rotor and price
A very important requirement for the stable operation of the aircraft is the smooth running of the rotor. This is very important, since a failure in the operation of this part will shake the entire machine, which will greatly affect the strength of the entire structure, interfere with the stable operation of the rotor itself, and also disrupt the adjustment of the parts. In order to avoid all these troubles, it is very important to properly balance this element.
The first balancing method is to treat the entire element like a normal screw. To do this, it is necessary to very rigidly fasten the blades to the hub.
The second way is to balance each blade separately. In this case, it is necessary to achieve the same weight from each blade, and also to achieve that the center of gravity of each element is at the same distance from the root.
The price of a gyroplane manufactured at the plant starts from 400 thousand rubles and reaches 5 million rubles.
This time, friends and comrades, I propose to move to a different element of vehicles - air.
Despite the all-encompassing hell and destruction on earth, you and I do not lose hope and dream of conquering heaven. And a relatively inexpensive means for this will serve as a miracle wheelchair with a propeller, whose name is - gyroplane.
Autogyro(autogyro) - a rotorcraft ultralight aircraft, in flight, leaning on the bearing surface of the main rotor freely rotating in autorotation mode.
In another way, this thing is referred to as Gyroplane(gyroplane), Gyrocopter(gyrocopter), and sometimes Rotoplan(rotaplane).
A bit of history
Autogyros were invented by the Spanish engineer Juan de la Cierva in 1919. He, like many aircraft designers of that time, tried to create a flying helicopter and, as is usually the case, created it, but not what he originally wanted. But he was not particularly upset about this fact and in 1923 he launched his personal apparatus, which flew due to the autorotation effect. Then he sawed down his own company and slowly riveted his gyrocopters until he died. And then a full-fledged helicopter was designed, interest in autogyros disappeared. Although they continued to be produced all this time, they were (and are used) for narrow purposes (meteorology, aerial photography, etc.).
Specifications
Weight: from 200 to 800 kg
Speed: up to 180 km / h
Fuel consumption: ~ 15 liters per 100 km
Flight range: from 300 to 800 km
Design
By design, the gyroplane is closest to helicopters. In fact, he is a helicopter, only with an extremely simplified design.
The structure itself includes the following key elements: the supporting structure - the "skeleton" of the apparatus to which the engine is attached, 2 propellers, the pilot's seat, control and navigation devices, tail assembly, landing gear and some other elements.
Direct control is carried out by two pedals and a control lever.
The simplest gyrocopters need a small takeoff run of 10-50 meters for takeoff. This distance decreases depending on the increase in the headwind strength and the degree of spinning of the main rotor by the time of the start of the takeoff run.
The peculiarity of the gyroplane is that it flies as long as there is an air stream running on the main rotor. This flow is provided by a small pusher screw. It is for this gyroplane that at least a small take-off run is necessary.
However, more complex and expensive gyroplanes equipped with a mechanism for changing the angle of attack of the blade are capable of taking off from a place vertically upward (the so-called jump).
Changing the position of the gyroplane in the horizontal plane is achieved by changing the angle of inclination of the entire plane of the main rotor.
An autogyro, like a helicopter, is capable of hovering in the air.
If the gyroplane's engine fails, this does not mean certain death of the pilot. If the engine is turned off, the gyroplane rotor goes into autorotation mode, i.e. continues to rotate from the incoming air flow while the apparatus is moving at a downward speed. As a result, the gyroplane descends slowly rather than falling like a stone.
Varieties
Despite the simplicity of the design, gyrocopters have some design variability.
Firstly, these aircraft can be equipped with both a pulling propeller and a pushing one. The first are characteristic of the historically very first models. The second propeller is located in the front, like in some aircraft.
The second ones have a screw in the back of the device. Pusher gyroscopes are the vast majority, although both have their own advantages.
Secondly, although a gyroplane is a very light air vehicle, it can carry a couple more passengers. Naturally, there must be appropriate design possibilities for this. There are gyroplanes with the ability to carry up to 3 people, including the pilot.
Third, the gyroplane may have a fully enclosed cockpit for the pilot and passengers, partially enclosed, or may not have a cockpit at all, which is retracted for the purpose of carrying capacity or better visibility.
Fourthly, it can be equipped with additional nishtyaks, such as a swashplate, and so on.
Combat use
The effectiveness of the gyroplane as a strike means is certainly low, but it managed to be in service with the SA for some time. In particular, at the beginning of the 20th century, when the whole world was seized by helicopter fever, the military watched the development in this industry. When full-fledged helicopters did not yet exist, there were attempts to use the gyrocopter for military purposes. The first gyrocopter in the USSR was developed in 1929 under the name KASKR-1... Then, over the next ten years, several more models of gyroplanes came out, incl. autogyros А-4 and А-7. The latter took part in the war with the Finns as a scout, night bomber and evacuator. Although there were certain advantages in using the gyroplane, all this time the military leadership doubted its necessity and the A-7 was never put into mass production. Then, in 1941, the war began and there was no time for that. After the war, all forces were thrown into the creation of a real helicopter, but the gyroplane was forgotten.
The Soviet autogyro A-7 was armed with 7.62 PV-1 and DA-2 machine guns. It was also possible to mount FAB-100 bombs (4 pcs.) And unguided rockets RS-82 (6 pcs.)
The history of the use of gyroplanes in other countries is about the same - the devices were used at the beginning of the 20th century by the French, British, Japanese, but when helicopters appeared, almost all gyroplanes were decommissioned.
Subject and PA
Probably and so it is clear why the subject of "PA Technique" was the gyroplane. Very simple, lightweight, maneuverable - with a certain straightness of arms and can be assembled at home (apparently from here there were stories about convicts and a helicopter from the Druzhba chainsaw).
Despite all its advantages, we get a good opportunity to conquer the air in a very bad environment.
In addition to the banal movement by air and the transportation of a little bit of cargo, we get a good combat unit that can be tactfully used in reconnaissance and patrol operations. Moreover, it is quite possible to install automatic weapons, as well as the use of live projectiles for bombing. As the saying goes, the need for invention is cunning, there would be a desire.
So, let's summarize. I divided the advantages of the subject into absolute and relative. Relative - in comparison with other aircraft, absolute - in comparison with vehicles in general, incl. and terrestrial.
Absolute benefits
Ease of manufacture and repair
Ease of operation
Ease of controls
Compactness
Low fuel consumption
Relative advantages
High maneuverability
Resistant to strong winds
Security
Landing without run
Low vibration in flight
disadvantages
Low lifting capacity
Low security
High sensitivity to icing
Sufficiently loud pusher propeller noise
Specific disadvantages (rotor unloading, somersault, autorotation dead zone, etc.)
YUTrub about the subject
Light gyroplane DAS-2M.
Developer: V. Danilov, M. Anisimov, V. Smerchko
Country: USSR
First flight: 1987
For the first time, the DAS autogyro took off in a non-motorized version, towed by a Zhiguli car. It happened at one of the agricultural aviation airfields near Tula. But it took more years, during which the designers worked on the engine, before the most experienced LII test pilot V.M. Semenov, after just one run, lifted the DAS-2M into the air. This event was later noted at the ULM competition contests with a special prize from the Mil Design Bureau. The device, according to the test pilot, has good flight characteristics and effective control.
Design.
Fuselage - truss, tubular, collapsible design. The main element of the fuselage is a frame consisting of horizontal and vertical (pylon) tubes with a diameter of 75 x 1, made of steel 30HGSA. Attached to them are a towing device with a lock and an air pressure receiver, a dashboard, a pilot's seat equipped with a seat belt, a control device, three-wheeled, with a nose-steered landing gear, a power unit with a pusher propeller mounted on the engine mount, a stabilizer, a keel with a rudder, a ball main rotor hinge. An auxiliary tail wheel with a diameter of 75 mm is installed under the keel. The pylon together with struts with a diameter of 38 x 2 and a length of 1260 mm, tubular beams of the main wheels with a diameter of 42 × 2 and a length of 770 mm, made of VT-2 titanium alloy, and braces with a diameter of 25 x 1 and a length of 730 mm from steel 30HGSA form a spatial load-bearing frame, in the center of which is the pilot. The pylon is connected to the horizontal tube of the fuselage and the ball joint of the main rotor using titanium scarves. In the area where the kerchiefs are installed, bougie made of B95T1 duralumin are installed in the tubes.
The power unit is with a pusher propeller. It consists of a two-cylinder opposed two-stroke engine with a working volume of 700 cm3 with a gearbox, a pusher screw and an electric starter, a friction clutch for the main rotor pre-spinning system, an 8 liter gas tank and an electronic ignition system. The power unit is located behind the pylon, on the engine frame.
The engine is equipped with a duplicated electronic contactless ignition system and a tuned exhaust system.
The wooden pusher screw is driven by a V-belt reducer, consisting of a driving and driven pulley and six belts. To reduce the unevenness of the torque, dampers are installed on the gearbox.
The main rotor with a diameter of 6.60 m is two-bladed. The blades, consisting of a fiberglass spar, foam filling and covered with fiberglass, are mounted with one horizontal hinge on a bushing located on the pylon. At the ends of the blades there are uncontrolled trims for adjusting the main rotor taper. On the main rotor axis there is a driven gear wheel of the preliminary spin-up reducer and a main rotor tachometer sensor. The gearbox is driven by cardan-splined shafts, a bevel gear mounted on a pylon, and a friction clutch located on the engine. The friction clutch consists of a driven rubber roller fixed on the axis of the cardan-splined shaft, and a driving duralumin drum located on the engine axis. The friction clutch is controlled by a lever mounted on the control handle.
The roll and pitch changes are made by the handle, which affects the position of the lower control fork connected by the rods with the upper fork, which, in turn, leads to a change in the inclination of the main rotor rotation plane.
The directional control is carried out by the rudder, connected by a cable wiring to the pedals, which are also controlled by the nose wheel. To compensate for the hinge moment, the rudder is equipped with a horn-type compensator. The rudder and the keel of the symmetrical profile are made of 16 plywood ribs 3 mm thick, pine stringers 5 x 5 mm, covered with percale and covered with nitro lacquer. The keel is mounted on a horizontal fuselage tube with anchor bolts and two cable braces.
The gyroplane's chassis is three-wheeled. The front steer wheel with dimensions of 300 x 80 mm is connected to the pedals by means of a gear reducer having a gear ratio of 1: 0.6 and is equipped with a drum-type parking brake with a diameter of 115 mm.
The instrument panel is located on the towbar truss. The dashboard has a speed indicator, a variometer, an altimeter connected to an air pressure receiver, tachometers of the main and pushing rotor. The control handle contains an emergency stop switch and a friction clutch control handle. The carburetor throttle control levers and the device for forced disengagement of the gears of the pre-spinning reducer are installed on the pilot's seat on the left. The ignition switch is located on the right. To the left of the dashboard is the parking brake lever. All mechanisms of the gyroplane are driven by Bowden-sheathed cables.
Main rotor diameter, m: 6.60
Max. takeoff weight, kgf: 280
Weight of an empty gyroplane, kgf: 180
Fuel weight, kgf: 7
Specific load, kgf / m2: 8.2
Power point,
-power, h.p .: 52
-Max. screw speed, rpm: 2500
- screw diameter, m: 1.46
Speed, km / h,
- takeoff: 40
-landing: 0
-cruising: 80
-maximum: 100
Rate of climb, m / s: 2.0.
Autogyro DAS-2M.
In recent years, aviation enthusiasts from many countries have shown great interest in flying on self-made gliders-gyroplanes and the actual gyroplanes. Inexpensive, easy to manufacture and easy to fly, these aircraft can be used not only for sports, but also as an excellent means of familiarizing wide circles of young people with the air element. Finally, they can be successfully used for communication. In the 1920s and 1940s, gyroplanes were built in many countries. Now they can only be seen in museums: they could not stand the competition with helicopters. However, for sporting purposes, gyroplanes and especially towed glider gyroplanes are still used today (see Fig.).
In our country, the design and construction of micro-autogyros is mainly carried out by student design bureaus of aviation universities. The best cars of this class were exhibited at exhibitions of technical creativity of young people, etc. Readers of "Modelist-Constructor" in numerous letters ask to tell about the structure of gliders-gyroplanes and micro-gyroplanes. At one time this issue was highlighted quite well on the pages of the magazine by the master of sports G.S. Malinovsky, who, even in the pre-war years, took part in experimental work with industrial gyroplanes.
As such, this article is still relevant today as it touches on an interesting area of technical creativity where aviation enthusiasts can and should make great strides. The article does not at all claim to be an exhaustive coverage of the issue. This is just the beginning of a big conversation.
THE TALK BEGINS WITH "FLY"
Everyone knows the flying toy known as the Fly. This is a main rotor (propeller) mounted on a thin stick. As soon as you spin the stick with your palms, the toy will break free from your hands and quickly fly up, and then, smoothly rotating, will drop to the ground. Let's figure out the nature of its flight. The "Fly" took off because we spent a certain amount of energy on its spin - it was a helicopter (Fig. 1).
Now we will tie a thread 3 -5 m long to the stick on which the rotor is set and try to pull the "Fly" against the wind. It will take off and under favorable conditions, rotating rapidly, it will gain altitude.
This principle is also embedded in the gyroplane: during the takeoff run along the runway, its main rotor under the influence of the oncoming flow begins to unwind and gradually develops a lift sufficient for takeoff. Consequently, the main rotor - the rotor performs the same role as the wing of an aircraft. But, in comparison with a wing, it has a significant advantage: its forward speed with equal lift can be much lower. Thanks to this, the gyroplane is able to descend in the air almost vertically and land in small areas (Fig. 2). If, during takeoff, the rotor blades are unrolled at a zero angle of attack, and then abruptly move them to a positive angle, then the gyroplane will be able to take off vertically.
WHAT IS I. BENSEN FLYING FOR
The prototype of the majority of amateur glider-gyroplanes was the machine of the American I. Bensen. It was created shortly after the end of World War II and has generated a lot of interest in many countries. According to official data, over several thousand devices of this kind have been built and are successfully flying.
The autogyro by I. Bensen consists of a cruciform metal frame A, on which a pylon B is rigidly mounted, which serves as a support for the rotor C with a direct control lever D. The pilot's seat D is located in front of the pylon, and the simplest vertical tail assembly, consisting of keel E and rudder, is located on the back of the frame. direction Zh. The latter is connected by cables with a foot pedal located in front of the frame. The chassis of the gyroplane is three-wheeled, with lightweight pneumatics (side wheels are 300 × 100 mm, front, steerable - 200 × 75 mm). An additional support wheel made of solid rubber with a diameter of 80 mm is located under the tail part of the frame. The rotor has a metal hub and two wooden blades circumscribing a circle with a diameter of 6 m. The chord of the blade is 175 mm, the relative profile thickness is -11%, the material is high-quality wood, re-glued with plywood and reinforced with fiberglass. Bensen's glider-autogyro flights were carried out in tow behind a car (Fig. 5). Subsequently, a 70-horsepower engine with a pusher propeller was installed on such machines.
Polish designers Alexander Bobik, Cheslav Yurka and Andrei Sokalsky have created a glider-autogyro (Fig. 4), taking off from the water. It was towed by a high-speed boat or motorboat with a powerful outboard motor (about 50 hp). The glider is installed on a float, similar in shape and design to the body of a sports scooter of lower grades. The rotor with direct control is mounted on a simple and lightweight pylon, braced with cable ties to the float body. This made it possible to achieve the minimum weight of the structure with its quite sufficient reliability. The technical data of the gyroplane-glider, which its authors called the "viroplane", are as follows: length - 2.6 m, width - 1.1 m, height -1.7 m, total weight of the structure - 42 kg, rotor diameter - 6 m. Its flight data: takeoff speed - 35 - 37 km / h, maximum permissible - 60 km / h, landing - 15 - 18 km / h, rotor speed - 300 - 400 rpm.
Polish designers have made many successful flights on their "viroplane". They think their car has a great future. One of the creators of the "viroplaner", Cheslav Jurka, wrote: “If you follow the elementary rules of caution and high discipline of the boat driver and the attendants, flights on" viroplaners "are completely safe. A large number of lakes, the water surface of which is always free, will allow everyone to engage in this exciting sport and recreation ".
CONTROL SYSTEM
Let's figure out how the controllability of the machine is ensured. It's easy on an airplane - there are elevators, rudder and ailerons. By deviating them in the right direction, any evolutions are carried out. And it turns out that rotary-wing machines do not need such rudders: a change in the direction of flight occurs immediately, as soon as the rotor axis changes its position in space. To change the inclination of the rotor axis on the autogyro airframe, a device consisting of two bearings is used; head A fixed in the cheeks and connected to the control lever B. Bearing A, being spherical, allows the rotor shaft to deviate from the main position by 12 ° in any direction, which provides the machine with longitudinal and lateral controllability.
The rotor control stick, rigidly connected to the lower bearing housing, has a bicycle handlebar-like cross member that the pilot grips with both hands. For takeoff, to move the rotor to a large angle, the lever moves forward; to reduce the angle and transfer the machine to level flight - backward; to create a roll to the right (or to eliminate a left roll), the lever is deflected to the left, with a right roll - to the right. This feature of gyroplane control creates certain difficulties for pilots flying on ordinary gliders, airplanes and helicopters (the handle movements of all these machines are directly opposite in sign).
Therefore, before flying on llaners-gyrocopters with direct control, it is necessary to undergo special training at a simulator stand. It is possible, however, to go for some complication of the design by equipping the machine with control of a "normal" aircraft type (shown by a dotted line on the Bensen gyroplane diagram, see Fig. 3),
BEFORE BUILDING
A gyroplane glider has significantly fewer parts than a regular bicycle. But this does not mean that it can be made somehow, tied with a wire in one place, and in another place - insert a nail instead of a bolt.
All parts must be manufactured, as they say, at the highest aviation level: after all, human life depends on their quality, their reliability. Even if you fly over water. Therefore, we must immediately make this decision: there is an opportunity to perform all the work with high quality - we will make a viroplaner, if not, we will postpone construction until better times.
The most critical and difficult part in the manufacture of a viroplane is, of course, the rotor. Attempts to use out-of-date blades from helicopters produced by our industry for installation on home-made gliders-gyroplanes did not succeed, since they are designed for other modes. Therefore, in no case should they be used. A typical design of the blade is shown in Figure 6. For gluing the spar, straight-layer, well-dried pine slats must be prepared and carefully plowed together. They are collected in a package, as shown in Figure 7. In the gaps between the slats, strips of ASTT6 fiberglass, previously coated with epoxy glue, must be placed. Reiki should also be missed on both sides. After the required holding time, the bag is pressed into a device that provides the product with straightness both along the wide and narrow sides of the bag. After drying, the bag is processed in accordance with the specified profile, forming the front part ("nose") of the blade. The processing must be done very carefully using steel counter-templates. The "tail" of the blade is made of blocks of polystyrene grade PVC-1 or PS-2, reinforced with a number of plywood ribs. The gluing should be done in a special slipway (fig. 8) to ensure the correct profile. The final processing of the blade is carried out with a file and sandpaper, using counter-templates, after which the entire blade is pasted over with a thin fiberglass cloth on epoxy glue, sanded, painted in a bright color and polished first with pastes and then with polishing water.
The finished blade, placed at its ends on two supports, must withstand at least 100 kg of static load.
To connect to the rotor hub, steel plates are fixed on each blade with six M6 bolts, as shown in the drawing; in turn, these plates are attached to the hub with two M10 bolts. Trimmer D and counterweight D are mounted on a fully trimmed blade. Load - on three M5 bolts, trimmer - on five rivets with a diameter of 4 mm. In the "shank" of the blade for riveting the trimmer, a wooden boss is previously glued between the plywood ribs.
The spherical bearing of the rotor head on foreign designs is selected in the range from a diameter of 50x16x26 mm to a diameter of 52x25x18 mm; from domestic bearings of this type can be applied No. 126 GOST 5720-51. In the diagram (fig. 4) this bearing is shown as single row for clarity. Lower control bearing - No. 6104 GOST 831-54.
A - base; B - hook; B - installation of the lock on the autogyro glider (hook down); D - installation of the lock on the towing boat (hook up)
Extreme simplicity of design is a characteristic feature of I. Bensen's autogyros
Fastening the control lever to the bearing housing can be done with brackets, as shown in Figure 4 (this allows the entire assembly to be disassembled into separate elements), or by welding.
The base ("heel") of the pylon is attached in the body of the float to a stiffener connected by four M6 bolts to the keel. These bolts simultaneously attach the outer metal feather to the float body. It is advisable to tighten the cable ties connecting the pylon with the sides of the float with a force of 150-200 kg before braiding. Thunderbolts - aircraft, with 5 mm thick threaded rods.
As mentioned above, the mass of the viroplaner must be maintained within 42 - 45 kg. It is not as easy as it seems at first glance. It is necessary to very carefully select the necessary materials, to carry out the processing and assembly correctly, not to use heavy putties and paints. This is especially true for the manufacture of the float. Its wooden frame must be assembled from well-dried straight grained, lightweight (non-resinous) pine planks. The best wood for making the frame of the float will be the so-called "aviation" pine in fire monitors, but it is not always and not always available. Therefore, one should not neglect possible substitutes: for example, a good container board or slats sawn from a thick slab (slab is the sapwood, the strongest part of the trunk; with proper sawing, excellent slats of the desired section are obtained from it). Quite often canned food is packed in good boxes. Having typed two or three dozen of these container boards, you can choose the ones you need for work. Each rail must be tested for strength before being installed in place. If it breaks, it doesn't matter, you can put another one; but there will be complete confidence that the set is made of reliable material.
G. MALINOVSKY
How to make a gyroplane with your own hands? This question, most likely, was asked by those people who really love or want to fly. It is worth noting that, perhaps, not everyone has heard about this device, since it is not very common. They were widely used only until helicopters were invented in the form in which they are now. Since the launch of such aircraft models into the sky, gyroplanes immediately lost their relevance.
How to build a gyroplane with your own hands? Blueprints
To create such an aircraft will not be difficult for someone who is fond of technical creativity. No special tools or expensive building materials are required either. The space that will have to be allocated for the assembly is minimal. It should be added right away that assembling an autogyro with your own hands will save a tremendous amount of money, since buying a factory model will require huge financial costs. Before embarking on the process of modeling this device, you need to take care of having all the tools and materials at hand. The second step is to create a drawing, without which it is not possible to assemble a standing structure.
Basic construction
It should be said right away that building a gyroplane with your own hands is quite simple if it is a glider. The rest of the models will be a little more difficult.
So, to start work, you will need to have three duralumin load-bearing elements among the materials. One of them will serve as the keel of the structure, the second will play the role of an axial beam, and the third will serve as a mast. A steerable nose wheel can be immediately attached to the keel beam, which must be equipped with a braking device. The ends of the axial strength member must also be equipped with wheels. Small scooter parts can be used. An important point: if the gyroplane is assembled with your own hands for flying behind a boat in tow, then the wheels are replaced with controlled floats.
Installing a farm
Another of the main elements is the farm. This part is also mounted at the front end of the keel beam. This device is a triangular structure, which is riveted from three duralumin corners, and then reinforced with sheet overlays. The purpose of this structure is to secure the towbar. Do-it-yourself gyroplane device with the presence of a farm should be made so that the pilot, by pulling on the cord, can unhook from the tow rope at any time. In addition, the farm is also necessary so that the simplest air navigation devices can be installed on it. These include a flight speed tracking device, as well as a side drift mechanism.
Another key element is the installation of the pedal assembly, which is installed directly under the truss. This part must have a cable lead to the steering wheel of the aircraft.
Frame for the unit
When assembling a gyroplane with your own hands, it is very important to pay due attention to its frame.
As mentioned earlier, this will require three duralumin pipes. These parts should have a cross section of 50x50 mm, and the pipe wall thickness should be 3 mm. Similar elements are often used when installing windows or doors. Since it will be necessary to drill holes in these pipes, it is necessary to remember an important rule: when carrying out work, the drill should not damage the inner wall of the element, it should only touch it and no more. If we talk about the choice of the diameter, then it should be selected so that the MB-type bolt can go into the resulting hole as tightly as possible.
One more important note. When drawing up a drawing of a gyroplane with your own hands, you need to take into account one nuance. When assembling the apparatus, the mast should be tilted slightly back. The angle of inclination of this part is approximately 9 degrees. When drawing up a drawing, this point must be taken into account, so as not to forget later. The main purpose of this action is to create an angle of attack of the gyroplane's blades of 9 degrees, even when it is simply standing on the ground.
Assembly
Do-it-yourself gyroplane frame assembly continues with the need to secure the axial beam. It is attached to the keel across. For reliable fastening of one base element to another, it is necessary to use 4 MB bolts, and also add locked nuts to them. In addition to this fastening, you need to create additional rigidity of the structure. To do this, use four braces that connect two parts. The braces must be made of a steel angle. At the ends of the axle beam, as mentioned earlier, it is necessary to secure the wheel axles. For this, you can use paired clips.
The next step in assembling a gyroplane with your own hands will be making the frame and back of the seat. In order to assemble this small structure, it is best to also use duralumin pipes. Parts from baby cots or strollers are perfect for assembling the frame. To attach the seat frame in front, two duralumin corners with dimensions of 25x25 mm are used, and at the back it is attached to the mast using a bracket made of steel corner 30x30 mm.
Checking the gyroplane
After the frame is ready, the seat is assembled and attached, the truss is ready, navigation devices and other important elements of the gyroplane are installed, it is necessary to check how the finished structure works. This must be done before the rotor is installed and developed. Important note: it is necessary to check the performance of the aircraft on the site from which further flights are planned.