Growing green peas. Planting peas, its beneficial properties and varieties

Very often summer residents grow peas on their plots, not only for the sake of its juicy and sweet fruits, but also because its root system accumulates nitrogen in the soil, as well as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which is an excellent way to treat land in the country. We invite you to learn some of the subtleties on how to grow peas for the benefit of the site, how to care for it in order to collect high yield this healthy vegetable.

In addition to the fact that peas bear sweet fruits, they also heal the soil in the place where they grow.

Growing peas is not very laborious and complicated, but it requires some knowledge about the rules of planting and how best to care for the crop.

Agricultural technology: what soils are favorable for peas

Peas can be planted on any soil except acidic. It is strictly contraindicated to plant it on acidic soils, because on them it will grow sick and frail. If you have acidic soils in your country house, then before planting pea seeds, you need to carry out liming: per 1 sq. m you need to add 350 g of lime.

A poor harvest of peas will also be brought by that dacha, where there are light sandy and alkaline soils.

The best soils for sowing pea seeds are medium loamy, rich in humus and quite water-intensive. But remember that the landing site should not be ground water, because its roots penetrate deep enough into the soil, and an excess of moisture will not do any good.

When choosing a place for peas, remember that this plant loves well-lit, sunny places, so first carefully inspect the cottage and select a suitable site.

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Determining the variety of peas

Before planting peas, it is necessary to decide on the purpose of its cultivation.

By structure, peas can be shelling, sugar, semi-sugar. The most delicious is sugar. He has the most tender pods: they can be eaten both fresh and canned. The shelling variety is used more often in soups and must be dried after harvest. Therefore, to begin with, correctly determine the purpose for which you will grow peas in the country.

Then you should choose the right variety.

1. Early varieties - Voronezh green, Alpha, Avola, Berkut, Premium, Vera, Early Gribovsky, Amber.
2. Mid-season varieties - Emerald, Winner, Viola, Fragment, Dinga, Khavsky pearls.
3. Late ripening varieties - Sugar -2, Perfection 653, Atlant, Late-ripening cerebral.

Since pea varieties ripen at different times, several crops can be harvested over the summer from different cultivated varieties, one after the other.

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Preparing seeds for planting

There is one very effective way to quickly and efficiently select pea seeds for planting.

It is necessary to dissolve 1 tablespoon of salt in 1 liter of warm water.

Pour the seeds that you have prepared for planting into the solution. Peas that have surfaced are not suitable for planting, use them for other purposes. Those peas that have sunk to the bottom are suitable as planting material. This suggests that they are not damaged by any pests, they are solid and full-bodied, therefore, they will sprout well. Then they should be washed well from salt and dried.

Pea seeds are planted in early spring.

Then you can proceed in two ways. Some gardeners recommend pre-soaking the peas before planting for faster germination: fill the seeds with water at room temperature until the water covers them completely, and leave for 12-15 hours to swell, while the water needs to be changed every 3 hours. You can add growth regulators to soak the seeds for the first 3 hours, then change the water to clean. After 12-15 hours, drain the water, put the seeds on a dry cloth and dry them so that they begin to crumble easily. Planting material is ready.

The second method is the agricultural technique of planting dry pea seeds into the soil. With this technique, they gradually swell right in the ground. In this case, shoots will appear later, but they will be much stronger and will develop faster.

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Agricultural technology of cultivation

Peas are a cold-resistant crop, so they should be planted in early spring (at the end of April), but the beds for planting should be prepared in the fall. This is the preliminary care of the culture. Dig up the ground well to a depth of 20 to 30 cm. When digging, do not forget to fertilize: per 1 sq. meter about 4 - 6 kg of humus or compost, 20 g of potassium salt, 30 g of superphosphate. There are no more recommendations on the agrotechnics of preliminary care.

In the spring, before planting, add ash and apply nitrogen fertilizers: 15-20 g of urea or 25-30 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 sq. meter.

Pea seeds germinate already at a temperature of 4-7 ° C., a temperature of 10 ° C is considered the most comfortable. Seedlings of cultivated peas withstand cold down to -6 °C. It is better to plant peas in several stages, at intervals of 8-10 days, and it is necessary to complete the planting of seeds by the end of May, since this crop needs a long daylight hours to bloom and ripen.

Experienced gardeners know that heat is contraindicated for peas. And no matter what advanced agricultural technology is used, the seeds planted in the heat will not even bloom. Again, after the first harvest in late June-early July, peas can be planted in August, when it is not hot at night. Then you can enjoy sweet peas in early autumn.

Agrotechnics of crop cultivation recommends planting peas in a tape way: there are usually 3 rows (lines) in one tape, the distance between which depends on the variety. So, for shelling peas, which will be used for cooking canned green peas and for soups, the distance is 20 cm, for sugar peas per shoulder - a distance of 40 cm. The distance between the ribbons is 50 cm, and between the peas in a row - 4-6 cm .

On heavy soils, seeds are laid to a depth of 3-4 cm, on light soils - 5-6 cm. The seeding rate is 15-20 g per 1 sq. m.

In the process of growing, it is necessary to carry out 1-2 top dressings with any complexes of mineral fertilizers.

After laying the seeds in the soil, the top layer must be compacted. And so that the birds do not peck at the seeds, it is recommended to cover the areas with sowing peas with a translucent film until germination.

While growing peas, it is necessary to fertilize 1-2 times with any mineral fertilizer complexes: the first time - before flowering, the second time - before the fruit set.

The main care for peas is expressed in proper watering. The first watering must be done before the appearance of the first greenery, the second - at the beginning of picking up color, and then - when the peas are poured. Be sure to loosen the soil so that oxygen is available to the roots. Weeding should also be carried out in a timely manner so that the crops do not become clogged. When the plants reach 20-25 cm, attach a support to the peas, along which it will, clinging, curl up.

If you notice aphids on the leaves, then remove them with water. And here are the plants that are affected powdery mildew, destroy immediately so that other plantings do not become infected from them.

There is space left on your lot. small garden? Then plant sweet peas. It does not require much space, it can even be planted along the fence. And the fresh fruits of this plant are very fond of children, moreover, peas will help adults to complement many dishes. Today we’ll talk about how to grow a garden in the country in open field and consider the agricultural technology of this tasty and healthy crop.

Features of the technology of growing peas

Peas belong to herbaceous plants of the legume family. A cute climbing annual during the flowering period will decorate your garden, and with the advent of fruiting time it will provide a sweet, juicy product rich in vitamins and nutrients.

Despite its apparent simplicity, peas are a rather finicky plant. But its cultivation can be quite simple if you follow certain rules.

Properly prepared soil is the key good harvest

First of all, peas should be sown in the spring, when the soil is already warm enough. Most the best time for landing - the second half of April and the beginning of May.

Since the roots of peas grow deep into the soil, the soil must first be dug up. It is good if you do this in the fall, while applying complex fertilizers at the same time.

Poor nutrients, too hot soil will not give a good, juicy harvest. But in addition, you still need to decide on the varieties and classification of the type of peas. It can be garden or pod, round, wrinkled, tall, dwarf. There are super-early, mid-early and basic varieties.

Pea farming can be imagined in this form:

• time from the moment of sowing to the appearance of the first shoots - 5-8 days;
• likely harvest from a row of 3 running meters- about 5 kg;
• the estimated time from sowing before winter to harvest is 32 weeks;
• estimated time from spring sowing to harvest is 12 weeks;
• cultivation and care are complicated.

Do not plant peas in cold soil with high moisture and low fertility. During growth, the crop will require protection from birds and spraying against insects and diseases if necessary. Pea care will include weed control, regular watering, fertilizing and loosening the soil.

Preparing soil and seeds for sowing

Peas love warmth and good lighting, therefore, for its landing, you need to choose a quiet, calm and warm area. Do not get too carried away with fertilizing the soil, this can harm plantings, “burn” the roots of the plant. It is enough to make a little organic and mineral fertilizers. Soil treatment with lime, approximately 250 g/m2 and an additional application of 20 g each will have a good effect on germination and subsequent harvest double superphosphate and 30 g of potassium.

Properly Prepare Seeds Before Planting

It is very important to make the correct laying of seeds at the time of sowing. For example, in severe clay soil peas are grown closer to the surface, and in light soil they are planted much deeper.

Please note: care should be taken in advance to install the support under mature plant. Young shoots of peas should be attached to the weight during the growth period. If the stems remain on the ground, you will not wait for the desired harvest, the plant may die.

1. Before you start planting, carefully sort out the seeds, throwing out spoiled and broken ones.
2. Warm up good seeds a little and soak for 10 minutes in a solution boric acid. The ratio of the solution is 1 g of acid per 5 liters of water. You need to plant the seeds after they swell a little and dry out.
3. You can use special growth stimulants for processing. But is it worth spending money if you can prepare the seeds at home with the help of improvised means to achieve a good result?

Planting in open ground, selection of varieties

Sow peas in the middle of spring, when the soil is already well warmed up by the spring sun. At the same time, observe the sowing density: low-growing varieties should be planted thicker, and tall ones less often.

Prepare the bed for sowing. Make several furrows, each 5-7 cm deep, at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other. It is advisable to prepare the furrows a few days before sowing, having previously introduced a mixture of ash and compost into them, sprinkling it with earth from the garden. After that, the depth of the grooves will be up to 5 cm. Remember the features of the composition of the soil, which we talked about above.

Be sure to provide props for peas in advance

For each meter of furrow, 15-17 peas should be sown, that is, 1 piece approximately every 6 cm. The soil of the bed must be well moistened before planting peas. Sprinkle the crops with earth and lightly tamp to retain moisture. After a maximum of 2 weeks, you will already see young shoots.

If you want to harvest peas in different time, select suitable variety. Both landing and care in this case have a number of some differences.

Sow peas in mid-March to harvest in June and July. Smooth-grained and extra-early wrinkled varieties, such as Kelvedon Wonder or Early Onward, work well for this. They are more resistant to cold.

Planting in April and May will produce a harvest in August. Wrinkled varieties of the main crop are well suited. If you are growing tall varieties of peas, pay attention to the row spacing6. For example, the popular Alderman variety will require a distance of about 2 meters. If space is limited, choose the Senator variety.

To get a harvest in early autumn, in September and October, sow peas very early wrinkled varieties in June or July.

Now you have to care for peas. It must be taken very seriously if you want a healthy, bountiful harvest.

Young shoots of peas are especially in need of protection.

1. First of all, protect crops from birds immediately after planting. Pull a fine mesh or film over the bed, fixing it at a height of 10-15 cm so that the birds cannot climb inside.
2. 2 weeks after germination, loosen the soil around them. You can even carry out hilling if the seedlings are already sufficiently entrenched and have grown well.
3. When the plant reaches 8-10 cm in length, feed it. After that, you can feed the peas no more than once every 2 weeks, and then if necessary. But regular watering is needed, especially during the hot dry period.
4. During the growth period, it is very important not to flood the peas, as the root system can rot. But during flowering and fruit formation, watering should be more thorough, at the rate of 1 bucket of water per 1 sq.m. beds.
5. It is very important to properly tie the peas, and this must be done before the flowering period. Set the pegs every one and a half meters and run a rope or wire horizontally over them in several rows. Thus, the plant will not lie on the ground, it will be well ventilated and warmed up.
6. After the plant has faded, after 2 weeks you can try young peas. Cut off the pods very carefully.
7. Daily picking of ripe peas will help you increase your yield. At the same time, overripe and dried pods must be removed.
8. You can completely remove the plant from the garden when the lower pods are ripe and dry. Cut the plant, collect in several bunches and hang in a dry, dark room where the peas will finally ripen.

Ways to control pests and diseases

When growing peas, it is very important to prevent the effects of diseases and pests that can ruin both young sprouts and future crops.

The most common insect pests are:

• weevil;
• codling moth;
• pea grain.

Nodule weevil is especially dangerous for young seedlings. It eats leaves, cotyledons and the apical point of growth. The larvae that hatch from the eggs feed on nodules on the roots. To combat weevil, seedlings should be pollinated with 12% DDT dust (1.5 g per 1 sq.m.) or 12% hexochloran dust (1 g per 1 sq.m.). sometimes pollination needs to be repeated.

The pea aphid is the largest of the aphids. Overwinters on perennials leguminous plants. Grows well in damp, warm weather. It settles at the beginning of the flowering period on the tops of the stems, sucks the juice from the plant and covers it with a sticky layer. From this, the flowers and ovaries crumble, and the stems wither.

Spraying with a solution of anabasin sulfate and a soapy emulsion (15 g of anabasin sulfate and 40 g of soap per 10 l of water) or anabasin sulfate and thiophos (10 g of anabasin sulfate and 5 g of thiophos per 10 l of water) will help to cope with aphids. The consumption of the solution is 60-70 cm3 per 1 m2. The crops are also dusted with 12% hexachloran dust (1.8-2 g per 1 m2) or sprayed with a soap solution (250-300 g of soap per 10 liters of water).

The codling moth butterfly lays its eggs on the plant during its flowering period. The larvae that emerge from them penetrate the pod and damage the peas. Early sowing, timely loosening of the soil, as well as spraying with hexachloran dust (1.5-2 g per 1 m2) will help get rid of it.

Pea weevil larvae also harm the pods. To avoid this, spray the crops with 12% hexachloran dust (2 g per 1 sq.m.) the first time at the beginning of flowering, and the second time after 8-10 days.

To get a good harvest of peas, destroy pests and diseases in a timely manner

Among the diseases, the most common are ascochitosis, rust and bacteriosis.

To avoid infection with ascochyta, plant only healthy seeds and provide the sprouts with good high supports. Seeds 2-3 weeks before planting, pickle with granosan (3-5 grams per 1 kg of seeds).

Rust is more common late varieties peas. Bordeaux liquid 1% helps from its development. The first spraying should be carried out as soon as you notice signs of the disease, the second - after 10 days.

Bacteriosis can develop on any part of the plant, and contributes well to this. wet weather. Careful autumn processing soil and seed treatment with granosan.

Know the enemies of your crop by sight!

Video about growing peas in the country

Peas are good not only fresh, they can be prepared for the winter for cooking various dishes. We hope that our tips will help you grow this wonderful crop on your site. If you have experience and growing secrets, share with us in the comments. Good luck!

And it is grown in our country almost everywhere. The plant is completely undemanding to the composition of the soil, and belongs to the cold-resistant. Grow it for the sake of getting delicious beans or juicy shoulder blades. In addition, peas are an excellent predecessor crop for many others. garden plants. Further in the article, we will deal in detail with the technology of such an operation as planting peas in the spring (terms, seed layouts, methods of preparing beds, etc.).

Varieties

Of course, in order to get a good harvest of this crop, you should be aware of some of its features. There are only two main types of peas:

1. Shelling. This one is grown for seeds (mostly green).
2. Sugar. This variety is grown to produce juicy shoulder blades. Such peas can be seen in the gardens of our country somewhat less frequently.

The cultivation technology of both varieties is similar. Only the landing methods are slightly different.

How to choose the right place

Spring must be done correctly. First of all, under this culture you need to choose appropriate place. It should be, firstly, well lit by the sun, and secondly, protected from the wind. Plants planted in the shade, bloom and bear fruit much worse. Moreover, in this case, the taste qualities seeds and blades.

You can grow this vegetable in the same place with a frequency of no more than once every 4 years. Very often it is planted in a potato field (just like some other beans). Planting in the spring along with peas or, for example, beans allows you to rid this crop of wireworms. This method of growing two crops at the same time has both its supporters and opponents. In any case, peas do not make much competition for potato roots. When planted in this way, its seeds are simply thrown into the holes along with the tubers.

Proper planting of peas in spring: soil preparation

With regard to the nutritional value of the soil, this culture is not too demanding. However, the soil should still be sufficiently loose. Peas do not like acidic soils. Such land must be limed before planting. During the growth of peas organic fertilizers are not included under it. This leads to a sharp increase in green mass. The number of flowers on plants is reduced. Therefore, peas should be planted where previously crops grew, under which a lot of organic matter was introduced.

You can also simply prepare the beds for peas in the fall. In this case, the earth is dug up and fertilized with rotted manure or garden compost (0.5 buckets per 1 sq. M). It is also desirable to add to the garden complex mineral fertilizer. They dig the bed to a depth with a spade bayonet.

Seed preparation

It is advisable to pre-sort. To do this, the beans are immersed in a 3% solution of table salt (30 g per liter). Floating peas are removed, and those remaining at the bottom are washed and dried. Planting peas in spring is usually done with soaked seeds. Can also be used dry. But in the case of soaking, the plants will germinate and, consequently, yield a crop earlier. Seed preparation can be done in two ways:

1. Soaking on a saucer. Seeds are placed in it and poured over them. warm water so that they are completely covered. Soaking is carried out in this case for about 6-10 hours. The water in the saucer must be changed every 2 hours. overexposure planting material cannot be in the water. If bubbles come from the seeds, then the sprouts in some of them have died. The easiest way is to soak the seeds in the evening - overnight. Then in the morning they can already be planted.
2. Warming up in a thermos. Water is poured into it at a temperature of about 45 degrees. Next, seeds are poured into a thermos. Warm them up in this way for 3 hours. During this time, they will have time to swell, soaked in water.

Planting material treated in this way usually sprouts 2-3 days earlier.

V Lately soaking seeds with the use of special preparations containing bioactive substances has become very popular. It can be, for example, "Epin" or "Gumat".

Pea planting dates

Dig and level the bed for this crop should be immediately after they come down melt water. Planting time for peas in spring is from late April to early May. But in any case, the soil must first warm up in the sun. Therefore, the bed should also be covered with a film. In cold and wet soil, seeds can simply rot. The air temperature during landing can be quite low, but always positive.

Peas are not afraid of frost. Absolutely without harm to itself, this culture can tolerate a short-term drop in temperature to -6 degrees. In order to be able to harvest all summer, peas are planted in several stages. In this case, the time for planting peas in the spring can be extended until the end of May.

Landing pattern

So, the bed is dug up and leveled. Now you can start planting peas. The arrangement of seeds depends on the variety of this plant. Most often, landing is carried out in two lines. At the same time, the distance between the rows is 20 cm. Between the lines, 50 cm are left for peeling varieties and 40 cm for sugar varieties. The required distance between the plants themselves in a row for all varieties is usually 4-5 cm.

The depth of planting pea seeds in the soil depends on the degree of friability of the soil. On light soils, it is usually 5-6 cm, on heavy, dense soils - 3-4 cm. In any case, it is not recommended to deepen pea seeds less than 3 cm. Otherwise, they can just be pecked out by birds.

Another way

Planting peas in the spring, the terms of which were discussed above, can also be carried out using a slightly different technology. The considered method is usually used when growing tall varieties. In this case, supports are placed in the bed under the plants and it is necessary to leave a little space for them. Dwarf varieties landed in a slightly different pattern. It allows you to use the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe beds as rationally as possible. Low-growing varieties of peas are planted in small blocks. The distance between the latter in this case is usually no more than 13 cm. The seeds are buried in the ground by about 5 cm.

Landing technology

In a bed dug up and leveled with a rake, grooves are made for the appropriate depth and at the required distance. They are watered first, and then the seeds are laid out on the bottom. Planting peas in spring on poor soils can be done with simultaneous top dressing. In this case, at the bottom of each groove, a granular complex mineral fertilizer is preliminarily laid out. Sprinkling planting material on top, the soil is slightly compacted.

What varieties of peas should be used

To get a good harvest of this crop, you should know not only how to plant seeds, but also about which ones to choose. The most popular varieties of peas include:

• Delicata. This one grows very tall and bears fruit profusely.
• Sugar Ann. A variety that produces very juicy sweet pods.
• waverex. Low-growing and very fragrant peas.
• Feltham First. The main advantage of this variety is endurance.
• early forward. High grade, giving very good yields.

Crop rotation rules

So, we have found out what is the technology for performing such an operation as planting peas in the spring. The predecessors of peas (since it is undesirable to feed them during the growth process) should be well fertilized during the summer. A lot of rotted manure and compost is usually applied under tomatoes. Therefore, it would be very good to plant peas in the place of this crop. Pumpkin and potatoes are also considered good predecessors for this plant.

How to care

Planting peas in the spring (photos confirm this) is a fairly simple procedure. In terms of care, the plant is also not too demanding. The only thing that peas do not tolerate is drought and heat. Therefore, it should be watered abundantly in the summer. For one square meter planting need to spend about 9-10 liters of water. Peas should also not be poured, otherwise the stems will begin to rot near the ground. Therefore, in rainy weather, it is not necessary to water this plant. Pegs with cords stretched between them are usually used as supports for the stems. Peas will cling to them with their antennae and grow better. After each watering, the ground under the plants should be loosened.

In the event that the bed, when performing such a procedure as planting peas in the spring, was prepared correctly, it is not necessary to feed the plants during the summer. If desired, you can water the peas with a solution of mullein (1x10) at the very beginning of flowering and during the mass formation of beans.

Peas- a plant loved by many gardeners, and most importantly - very useful. Valued for a large amount of protein. A few decades ago, it was possible to see how peas grow in every garden. Now his attitude has changed.

People are used to canned peas. But you don't have to buy it. You can grow peas on your own and preserve - it will turn out even better than bought in a store.

Peas: description

Peas contain more protein than veal and at the same time its absorption is much easier.

Green peas, in addition to protein, are rich in vitamins:

• group B;

• manganese (Mn);
• potassium (K);
• phosphorus (P);
• iron (Fe);
• lysine is one of the rare amino acids.

Peas are always present in the diet of patients with cardiovascular pathologies.

Botanical description of peas:

• annual plant with a herbaceous stem from the legume family that does not require pollination.
• Pea root is rod-shaped, penetrates deep into the soil and branches strongly.
• herbaceous stem, depending on the species, it can be drooping, branching up to 1 meter long or bushy, not forming branches, about 30-50 cm high.
• At the tips of the leaves of peas are antennae, with which he clings to the support and winds along it. The flowers are often purple or white.
• Pea fruit - bean in the form of a pod different size and colors. Inside each 5-10 seeds with a color corresponding to the color of the flowers of this variety. The surface of the seeds may be wrinkled or smooth.

Like all legumes, peas are an excellent green manure, enriching the earth with nitrogen. Beneficial microorganisms live on the roots of the plant and around them, processing and accumulating this microelement.

"Relatives" of peas

There is interesting plant from the legume family asparagus peas. All parts of the plant are used in food. The scientific name is purple quad. It is also called "winged pea" because of appearance pods. On sale you can find the Thessaloniki variety with fleshy fruits up to 4 cm with the taste of asparagus.

chickpeas(chickpeas, mutton peas) culture less popular on summer cottages than green peas. Used as a good green manure before planting wheat. In addition, pests do not like it because of the presence of oxalic acid. This annual culture is unpretentious in care, and it can be grown in the country and in the field.

asparagus peas

Peas Chickpeas

Growing Features

Before planting, you need to decide for what purpose you will grow peas. If “to eat” fresh, you should choose sweet sugar varieties: Ambrosia, Alfa, Zhegalova 112.

Peas are an undemanding plant, they often talk about it - it grows and grows for itself, just harvest. Grow everywhere. Harvest can be harvested all summer. Even in winter, you can grow healthy and vitamin food at home. microgreens peas. Still, some conditions must be met.

Place on the plot

The place where peas will grow must be sunny, calm, with deep groundwater.

Peas can be planted next to crops:

• and other solanaceous;

To save space and compact plantings, radishes and parsley are planted between the rows of peas.

Peas grow well near apple trees, in trunk circles if there is a lot of sun. Before planting, it will be necessary to pour a layer of fertile soil mixed with humus to a height of 10-15 cm

Requirements and soil preparation

The right predecessors for peas:

• potato;
• cabbage;
• pumpkin cultures.

Let's figure out what land to plant peas in:

How to grow more crops?

Any gardener and summer resident is pleased to receive big harvest with large fruits. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to get the desired result.

Often plants lack nutrition and useful minerals

It has the following properties:

• Allows increase yield by 50% in just a few weeks of use.
• You can get good harvest even on low-fertility soils and in adverse climatic conditions
• Absolutely safe

When to plant peas outdoors?

1. You can start planting peas from the last decade of April and until early May (depending on the region).
2. Shelling varieties of peas begin to germinate already at 2 degrees Celsius, and sugar requires 4-6.
3. Seedlings will survive frosts down to -6, although this may reduce the yield by 25-30% and increase the ripening period of peas up to a week. Therefore, with a very early planting, it is still worth covering the crops with a film.
4. The optimum temperature at which peas grow and develop without problems is 15-25 degrees. Both lowering it to 8-12 degrees, and raising it negatively affects the development of all organs of the plant.
5. Peas are sown in several stages with an interval of 10-14 days. The last sowing can be done two months before the onset of the first frost, but only early-ripening varieties.

How do peas grow outdoors?

Seed preparation

How to prepare seeds:

1. The seeds of peas are large, so they grow it by direct sowing, immediately into the ground.
2. Peas before planting need to be soaked - put in a container, pour a little warm water.
3. Leave for a day, changing the water after 5-6 hours.
4. Then germinate - wrap in damp cloth and keep in it until the seeds hatch, usually 2-3 days.
5. To improve germination, it can be treated with growth stimulants (for example, Epin) according to the instructions for the drug.
6. Can be used for sowing and dry seeds. It is enough to warm them for 5-7 minutes in a warm (40 degrees) solution of boric acid (2 g / l of water).

Landing pattern:

So that the birds do not peck out the peas, the bed should be covered with a covering material. Pea seedlings will be visible in 7-10 days.

Planting peas before winter

Peas are not a frost-resistant plant, but as an experiment, you can try to plant it before winter. To do this, dry (grains cannot be soaked) are planted in frozen ground. Planted according to the same scheme as in the spring. This is done so that the peas do not germinate in the fall.

Sugar varieties for planting before winter are not suitable, they are more thermophilic.

Stories from our readers!
“I am a summer resident with many years of experience, and I started using this fertilizer only last year. I tested it on the most capricious vegetable in my garden - on tomatoes. The bushes grew and bloomed together, the harvest was more than usual. And they didn’t get sick with late blight, this is the main thing.

Fertilizer really gives more intensive growth garden plants, and they bear fruit much better. Now you can’t grow a normal crop without fertilizer, and this top dressing increases the number of vegetables, so I am very pleased with the result."

Pea care

To get a good harvest of green vegetable peas, you need to follow the rules of agricultural technology:

• Watering. Peas are very moisture-loving plant. Watering should be timely, drying out should not be allowed. In the absence of moisture, the flowers and ovaries of peas fall off. Before flowering, watering is required once a week, during flowering - at least twice, depending on the weather. The soil must not dry out.
• . Perfectly pea responds and grows after the application of potash and phosphorus fertilizers (30-35 g / m 2) or rotted manure. It is absolutely impossible to bring fresh manure into the beds with peas. It provokes a strong growth of greenery to the detriment of flowering and fruit formation.
• Installation of supports. Strong support is necessary for climbing varieties, and desirable for standard varieties. You can make a trellis by pulling a wire (cable) in several rows along the beds and attaching it to the supports. Install supports when the sprouts reach a height of 11-16 cm.

Video about supports for peas:

Diseases and pests of peas

Diseases and treatment

The main diseases of peas are fungal and bacterial infections, the main methods of prevention are crop rotation.

Pests and processing

Not all diseases and pests are listed below, but the main task of the gardener is prevention, the use of home remedies with minimal use of insecticides to get a good harvest of this healthy and tasty vegetable.

How do peas grow at home?

Not everyone has a dacha or the opportunity to spend the whole summer on it. But you can enjoy fresh green peas by growing them at home. Moreover, agricultural technology for growing peas at home, using covered ground, almost no different from growing it in the garden. Only varieties are recommended to choose undersized.

Growing technology:

Harvesting and storage of peas

When to Harvest:

After harvesting, the tops of peas are harvested for compost heap. But it is better to chop it on the spot and, together with the roots, plow (dig) into the soil. Such a green fertilizer improves the structure of the soil; on an area of ​​1 acre, it can replace the application of a ton of manure.

Peas will be an excellent predecessor for any garden crops.

They will grow especially well after peas:

• nightshade (potatoes, tomatoes,
• drying of peeling grades;
• dried peas can be used to make pea flour.

Video: Growing peas

Types and varieties of peas

Peeling grades

In such varieties inside the pod is a rough parchment layer. It is impossible to chew it, therefore only the peas themselves are eaten. They are grown by large agricultural enterprises for further sale in a dry form.

Popular varieties:

sugar varieties

They do not have a parchment layer, they are fleshy and contain a lot of juice. use for fresh consumption- eat fresh vitamins or on a "shoulder blade" - in general. The same varieties are used for conservation.

Popular sugar varieties:

brain varieties

They have more sugar and less starch than sugar varieties. From them are obtained the tastiest preserves. Peas wrinkled, angular shape.

Varieties:

How do peas grow on an industrial scale?

The technology of growing peas by agricultural enterprises practically does not differ from growing on household plots. In order to avoid rush jobs or delays in the supply of raw materials to processing and conservation enterprises, sowing is done continuously- early, middle and late varieties, each in several stages.

One of the varieties bred for growing peas on an industrial scale is Sweet. Suitable for single-phase harvesting, gives high yields. Resistant to lodging, as well as the main diseases of peas - root rot and ascochitosis.

Growing technology:

1. On the field using the ordinary landing method, as well as narrow row and cross. The seed sowing rate is from 150 kg to 300 kg per 1 ha.
2. Three days after planting and immediately after germination, the aisles are harrowed- to prevent the appearance of weeds and crusts on the ground.
3. In the southern regions, watering is carried out two to three times during the growing season. if peas grow on a "blade". If peas grow for grain, a fourth watering can be added.
4. Herbicides are used to remove weeds. From diseases and pests sprayed with insecticides (only before the beans are tied).
5. Cleaning is done mechanically, in the southern regions - single-phase, because the ripening of peas is more friendly.
6. With unfriendly maturation, cleaning is carried out in two stages. First, the peas are mowed, harvested into rolls, and after a few days they are threshed.
7. Green peas are harvested with adapted harvesters, are threshed on the spot and sent for processing. Sweet peas are harvested by hand as the fruit ripens.

Video about growing peas on an industrial scale:

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to say that peas, however, like beans, it is undesirable to often eat people of mature and, especially, old age, because a large number purines in beans. And also because of this, peas are contraindicated for patients with gout. The rest of the people green peas can be consumed in any quantity.

Legumes are valued all over the world for their satiety and a rich set of vitamins, so growing peas in the open field is very popular with summer residents. It doesn't take much effort to harvest. The main thing is to follow the landing rules and provide minimal care.

Description of the vegetable

In many gardens, a bright representative of the legume family, peas, is often found. This annual plant has tenacious antennae, with which it easily grabs any support when it can reach it. At favorable conditions reaches 2 meters in height.

root system in peas it is well developed, thin green shoots strewn with small leaves. In the spring, a month after planting in open ground, the plant blooms with beautiful white or purple flowers. Soon, an ovary appears in their place and a bean fruit begins to ripen, filled with juicy green seeds.

Summer residents appreciate peas not only for tasty fruits, but also for the fact that it saturates the soil with nitrogen. The root system of a vegetable has interesting feature. In the process of growth, valuable bacteria develop in it, which, like a sponge, absorb atmospheric nitrogen and enrich the soil with it.

Known varieties

An inexperienced person who decides to plant peas may be confused by the variety of varieties presented in specialized stores.

1. Sugar varieties are suitable for planting when you plan to eat fruits fresh, stew with wings or add peas to salads. They are surprisingly soft, sweet and very popular with children. These include "Sugar Children's", "Ambrosia", "Sugar Oregon".
2. Shelling varieties are indispensable for making pea puree and soup. To make them boil better, they must be soaked in warm water for a few hours. "Dakota", "Vegetable Miracle", "Bingo" consistently give a high yield.
3. Brain pea varieties are ideal for freezing and canning. Especially popular among them are "Vera", "Alpha", "Adagum".

Today, peas, like many years ago, remain an important part of the diet of people, because they fully provide them with vegetable protein, valuable minerals and vitamins.

seed processing

Peas are easy to enjoy all summer long because they can be planted several times. Planting varieties is carried out in last days April, as soon as the sun warms up and the soil leaves after the winter cold. Next time it is recommended to sow peas at the end of June. Then the fruits will fully ripen in mid-August.

1. Before planting peas, you need to prepare the seeds. If they were collected on their own, heavy peas should be selected. To do this quickly, the seeds are recommended to be soaked in salt water. Empty, unusable peas will float to the top, while full-weight material will remain below.
2. When the rejected peas are collected and discarded, drain the water and dry the remaining seeds.
3. For quick germination, soak the seeds one day before planting. Moisten abundantly clean water natural fabric, wrap peas in it and place in a plastic bag.

Instead, you can dissolve 2 g of boric acid in 10 liters of water heated to 40 degrees, and put the seeds there for 5 minutes. Then pull out, lay out on paper and dry. This seed care helps to prevent damage in the open field by weevil larvae.

Garden preparation

An important role for obtaining a pea crop is played by a correctly chosen planting site. It should be taken into account which plants grew on it in previous years.

Legumes, including peas, it is advisable to plant in the garden after:

• tomatoes;
• cabbage;
• cucumbers;
• potatoes;
• pumpkins.

He does not like the vegetable of such predecessors as beans, peanuts, lentils. It is not recommended to plant peas in the same place two years in a row.

In autumn, you need to pick up a sunny, well-ventilated area with fertile soil. It should be slightly acidic and light. In September, the bed needs to be dug up and fertilized. In order for the care to be complete, 30 g of potassium salt and 60 g of superphosphate are enough for 1 m 2.

In the spring, when the snow melts, the earth needs to be loosened again and fertilized with saltpeter, adding 10 g per 1 m 2.

Landing Rules

Before sowing, the soil in the garden must be leveled and watered. The scheme for planting peas is simple. It is necessary to make shallow grooves at a distance of 50 cm from each other. mix wood ash and compost in a ratio of 1: 1, sprinkle them thin layer along the grooves. Sprinkle fertilizer on top with moist earth from the garden and spread the seeds at 6 cm intervals. Sprinkle with soil and lightly tamp.

To protect crops from the invasion of birds, you can cover the bed from above with a special net. When sprouts emerge from the ground, it must be removed. Usually shoots appear a week after planting.

How best to care

Caring for peas is simple and everyone can do it. It consists in abundant watering, removal of weeds and loosening of the earth.

It is important to carry out the first weeding and hilling when the sprouts stretch up to 15 cm. At the same time, it is advisable to drive stakes along the rows, pull the net, ropes or wire so that the peas can trail upwards. When a vegetable grows correctly, clinging to a support, its fruits warm up the sun's rays better, the shoots are well ventilated, and this makes the peas less sick.

• To make the plant bloom more abundantly, it is advisable to pinch the top of the stem. Then the peas will grow several side branches, on which buds and ovaries will appear in the future.
• Care requires regular soil moisture. In dry land, peas do not grow well and rarely bear fruit. Before flowering, it can be watered every 7 days. With the advent of buds, watering should be done twice a week. On average, 10 liters of water are supposed to be spent on 1 m 2.
• The next day after each watering, the bed is recommended to be loosened and cleaned of weeds.

Peas can be fed during watering once every 2 weeks. Experienced summer residents advise to fertilize the soil. To moisten 1 m 2 of the garden, draw 10 liters of water and dissolve 1 tbsp. l. of this substance.

Pest control

To get a harvest, it is important not only to know how to plant peas, but also to be able to protect it from pests.

The most common insects that attack the plant:

• weevil;
• pea weevil;
• codling moth;

Most often it affects young sprouts of peas. He devours leaves, shoots, lays many eggs. The hatched larvae settle in the root system and finally destroy the plant. To combat it, you can use dust hexochloran 12%. Consumption rate - 1 g per 1 m 2.

Pea aphids infect peas during flowering and suck the nutritious juice from the stems. From this, the buds and leaves wither and crumble. You can save yourself from it soapy water. Grate 300 g laundry soap, dissolve the chips in 10 liters of water and process the bed.

Codling moth and pea weevil are very harmful to the plant. Their larvae climb into the pods and spoil the peas. Hexochlorane dust 12% is also suitable for insect control. It must be used, spending 1.5–2 g per 1 m 2. It is important to process before the larvae penetrate the pods, otherwise it will not be possible to save the crop.

Pea diseases

To minimize the development of diseases on peas, provide him proper care. Many diseases are caused by excessive dampness, so be sure to support the peas so that they do not lie on the ground.

Often the plant is affected by rust, mosaic and powdery mildew.

1. From the mosaic, the leaves of the peas curl, they appear dark spots. Getting rid of it won't work. It is necessary to remove the diseased plant from the garden, treat the soil with a solution of manganese and do not plant vegetables in this place for a year. You can prevent the onset of the disease by carefully treating the soil before planting and soaking the seeds in a solution of boric acid.
2. When the first sign of rust appears on the plant - red spots on the leaves, immediately spray with 1% Bordeaux mixture. Repeat treatment after two weeks.
3. Branches and leaves affected by powdery mildew begin to turn black, the pods crack and deteriorate. The plant can be helped with fungicides, such as "Soon" or "Topaz".

It is correct to treat peas from pests and diseases in the evenings, so that the poison has time to dry overnight and does not burn the tender plant under the influence of sunlight.


After harvesting, mature peas are removed from their pods, dried and stored in an airtight container for making vegetable puree or soup.

Polka dots - surprisingly unpretentious plant. It can be planted next to any crops. Give him the right care and he will give you a great harvest.