Dacha! How much has merged in this word for the Russian heart! And this is the pure truth. For many, dacha is a way of life. The suburban area is being groomed and cherished.
And I want that the work would not be in vain, that the site would not only be beautiful and well-groomed, but also give a good harvest. And even better - a record! But the harvest will be as good as the beds in the country.
You need to understand how to form them, what size and type to make, how to care for them.
Arises legitimate question: how to make beds? Science seems to be simple, but does everyone know it?
What you need to know about beds?
Form. It can be all kinds, and is limited only by the imagination of the owner and the size of the plot. The beds can be made straight, with different geometry, or figured. With or without a fence, low or high.
High beds (the height of 40 cm is considered optimal) are gaining popularity in Lately. For many reasons:
- They are warm. On the bottom layer of fast composting materials (branches, rags, any waste paper) put a layer of slowly composting materials (leaves, grass without seeds, paper). Then you need to water it, and cover it with earth. When rotting, heat will be released, and the crop will ripen faster.
- The sun warms the earth faster. True, and watering should be carried out more often.
- You can protect yourself from moles and mice by placing a plaster mesh under the bottom layer.
- You don't have to dig anything. These beds are not dug - they are made.
- You can harvest two crops. It is quite possible to enjoy a salad or a radish before planting the main crop.
Dimensions. Usually, the width of the beds in the garden is 60-100 cm. Such dimensions are convenient to use. They are easy to care for. The length is not limited.
In this regard, it is impossible not to mention the Mitlider method. It offers very narrow beds of 45 cm, and massive passages of 90-80 cm, no more than 9 meters long. Summer residents who use this method speak positively about it.
Plants are well ventilated. When they grow, the approach to them remains as convenient as possible, and most importantly, they get more solar energy, and even in cloudy summers ripen well. Yields are higher with this method. In the beds made in this way, you can plant various crops: tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, eggplant, peppers.
Location. Usually the beds are located from south to north. This allows all plants to warm up evenly. And in the morning and in the evening, when the sun illuminates the beds from the sides, they do not shade each other so much.
This is if the area is more or less even. And if he has a bias? How to arrange the beds in this case? It is more expedient to place them across the slope, so the water will be distributed evenly.
If it’s a completely uneven area, then the beds are located on its southern slope, and garden plants- in the north.
layout. For proper planning, you need to know:
- The yield of a particular vegetable variety square meter. Then you can calculate the required planting area for each species.
- Plant compatibility. Without this, it is impossible to carry out high-quality planning.
- If the site has a strong slope, then you need to build terraces, and place boxes-beds on them.
- Plan your landing vegetable crops so that tall plants were on the north side of the garden. Then the lower ones will not be in their shadow.
Getting to the construction of beds with sides
The garden will be neat, it will be nice to take care of it. You can, of course, hire a specialized team, or you can do everything yourself.
Moreover, it is not so difficult:
- We carry out the marking of future beds.
- With a shovel, along the marked line, we rake the earth to the center. We go deeper by 10-15 cm.
- Installing the boards. The material for them can be taken different. The main thing is that it be tough and keep the shape of the beds.
- Sides can be from boards. Fasten them better with screws, not nails.
- From slate. First, it must be cut to the desired size.
- Can be made out of brick. It is used in the arrangement of curly beds, where the landscape designer has worked. Because, as is clear, the location of such a bed cannot be changed just like that. Need to break!
- The height of the side wall is selected individually. It is defined as follows: the height of the side above ground level, plus the depth of laying in the soil.
- You can buy fences and curbs factory-made. They are made from. The site with them looks not only neat, but also fun. They are made in different color scheme and in almost any geometric shape.
Here is the bed and ready. Little tricks when using such beds:
- The paths between the beds can be laid out with stone, tiles. You can also sow lawn grass. It will be beautiful and comfortable.
- After harvesting, the earth is dug up, but not left flat. In the garden, one or more mounds are made in the form of a pyramid. This is necessary so that after the winter, the earth, having begun to thaw, does not open the fence.
- If the soil on the site is clayey, then it is necessary to drill holes in the brick fences for the outflow of water.
How to make beautiful beds?
I really want our site to be different from others. In this we can help the design of the beds. It can be made unusual, and not like anything else. There is room for fantasy here!
Here are some ideas:
- Fences are made of extraordinary material. For example, colored in bright colours car tires, give the site a festive and cheerful look. Moreover, you can arrange them as you like: a pyramid, a chain, a column, etc. From metal pipes and barrels with holes made in them. from which plants grow.
- You can use the empty wall of the fence, and hang something like a planter with some greenery on it.
- You can decorate the beds around the perimeter wicker fence. It always looks original.
Good luck in arranging your garden, and high yields!
To say that plants do not care on which bed only a person who is far from agriculture can grow. The level of soil moisture, the intensity of gas exchange and the species composition of microorganisms that live in the upper layers of the earth depend on the shape and size of the beds. All these factors have a direct impact on the quality of the substrate, and therefore on the level of yield - the main criterion for success for any gardener or gardener. How to use a scientific approach for the benefit of your garden, how to create not only a neat appearance beds, but also to maximize the productivity of your site? We will try to answer these questions in this publication with a large selection of photos of a wide variety of beds.
The principles of arranging beds
A bed is a relatively small, often quite isolated piece of soil on which it is possible to provide individual care for a plant of a particular crop, create humidity regime and carry out feeding. It is obvious that on suburban area or vegetable garden, plants are grown with different agricultural practices, often with opposite requirements for care - without an individual approach to achieve high yield will not work. It is for this that differentiation is necessary on the site - the division of the territory into zones, and the zones into beds.
If the purpose of the beds is more or less clear to every gardener, then such nuances as the level of illumination, the composition of the soil and even its consistency, necessary for different crops, are not always and not taken into account by everyone. Unfortunately, not understanding that cucumbers and tomatoes, for example, require a different approach, leads to a significant loss in yield. By creating difficult trenches for planting certain crops, and isolated beds, the owner of the site can give the plants proper care - all efforts will invariably pay off with the quality or quantity of the crop.
Ways of cultivating the land
There are two main (and diametrically opposed) approaches to farming:
- traditional;
- ecological.
The traditional way of cultivating the land is an outdated, incredibly laborious and often irrational principle that is extremely traumatic for the ecosystem. It is based on the attempts of a person to control the processes in the soil, its condition. TO traditional way agriculture includes the following activities:
- two-time digging of the soil (per year);
- herbicidal treatment;
- uncontrolled amount of fertilizer applied to the soil;
- beds with this principle of farming are cultivated in such a way that they have a small number of capillaries and, as a result, an insufficient number of microorganisms.
- All these factors inevitably lead to low yields and depletion of soil resources.
The second approach, ecological (natural), is based on the ability of the soil to regenerate itself. There are many principles of natural farming, but all of them are based on the fact that a person rarely interferes with the natural course of processes occurring in the soil. Digging the earth is replaced by surface loosening, and weeding once a week or two is replaced by timely mulching.
Modern farming methods are based on ecological way and with this approach, microorganisms, plant roots and insects independently restore the soil structure. An increase in the number of capillaries increases the processes of gas exchange, as a result, the roots of plants are enriched with nitrogen in a natural way, which leads to an increase in both the quality and quantity of the crop. All this can happen without chemical fertilizers at all or with their minimum amount.
Types of beds for a modern garden
Only at first glance it may seem that the beds differ from each other only in size and shape. Although these indicators are great importance for plants that need individual approach and isolation from other cultures. The beds may differ in the very principle of formation, for example, not on the site, but above it, located on the so-called "green wall" or inside plastic pipes large diameter. It all depends on how you care for each specific type of plant.
Bed in the form of a box
The bed-box is one of the most popular ways of cultivating the soil today. This method of landing allows not only to create isolated place for each culture, but also to organize the landscape of a summer cottage or garden at a high aesthetic level. It is not difficult to organize a bed in the form of a box - a fence in the form of low shields is installed on the prepared and marked place of the site (hacienda or a small backyard).
To organize the fence of the bed-box, you can use:
- flat or wavy slate;
- unnecessary boards;
- polycarbonate sheets;
- plastic;
- any waste material capable of tolerating soil moisture for more than one summer season.
Further, in the prepared compartment, organic matter is poured in layers and the soil itself. For the winter, such beds are not dismantled, and in the spring, after surface loosening, it will be possible to plant seeds or seedlings of certain crops again. This approach is not only practical, rational, but also aesthetic.
Raised beds with high sides
High beds are usually presented in the form of ridges or trapeziums. The rise of the soil, as a rule, is provided by a "cushion" of the compost layer, on top of which the earth is poured. In areas of our country where the bear is common, a layer of compost is not used, the rise is carried out only by pouring earth. Medvedka usually builds nests in the compost layer (a warm and humid place is an ideal habitat) and can spread very quickly throughout the site.
High beds are most often used for growing melons and gourds:
- cucumbers;
- pumpkins;
- zucchini;
- sometimes some varieties of potatoes are grown in this way.
High-sided beds are created for one season. In most cases, the embankment strongly settles under the weight of snow and loses its functional background. If weaving plants (for example, cucumbers, some types of zucchini) will be grown in a bed with a box structure, then it will not be superfluous to equip the fence with a vertical lattice (made of wood or metal, created using weaving, any improvised means).
If such a structure is equipped with a high dome, covered with a film, then an ordinary garden bed becomes a greenhouse. Growing seedlings in such portable structures is very convenient and practical.
"Warm" beds
"Warm" beds are called due to the fact that in their lower layers there is fresh, not rotted manure. The mound of manure is carried out in late autumn in order to winter period all processes were carried out under the cover of snow. In early spring, after the snow melts, such beds are cleaned so that they warm up with the sun and the decomposition processes start.
Further, the manure begins to rot with a large release of heat. As a rule, in compost heaps during "burning" the temperature inside can reach 40-50 degrees. But on the beds, the manure layer is low and this effect does not occur, moreover, winter exposure significantly slows down the “burning” processes. All these manipulations and preparations are needed in order to plant crops in a finished, “warm” garden bed. Usually this is done for planting plants with a shallow root system - cucumbers, radishes, etc.
After finishing summer season all manure is recycled. If you remove the top layer of soil, then under it you can find - humus, which is a very valuable substrate. This natural fertilizer can be sprinkled throughout the garden or summer cottage. And at the end of autumn, it will be possible to put manure in the bed again and start the process of preparing a “warm” bed in a new way.
Garden beds with drainage
In clay buds, in very low places, into which all the water is constantly drained, and in wetlands, it is necessary to equip beds with drainage. It is not difficult to make them - usually 50-60 cm of the soil layer is removed, then sand about 20 cm high is laid out at the bottom of the resulting pit, then sawdust, humus are poured, and only after that - the soil. Drainage and gas exchange in beds of this type are excellent - perfect place for growing root crops (eg potatoes).
Material for making beds with your own hands
Creating a bed of any configuration requires some preparation. In order to equip the beds in the form of boxes, you will need to use the following materials:
- slate or boards, plastic or polycarbonate of such a height that there is at least 30 cm in the ground, and at least 20 cm on the surface of the entire size of the product;
- pegs made of wood or metal, which will be needed to secure the material of the fence;
- non-woven material with which it will be possible to cover the bottom of the prepared trench.
After the blank - the dug hole is covered with non-woven material, it will be necessary to fill it with the following layers from above:
- sawdust or straw - about 10 cm;
- dry foliage (which you prepared in advance in the fall) - about 10 cm;
- a mixture of compost and soil, in a ratio of 1 to 2 (layer size 10 cm or more);
- clean layer of earth at least 10 cm.
- marking on the ground - usually done using pegs and a stretched cord. When calculating the size of the beds, it is important to understand that the narrower the trench, the faster it will dry out;
- then comes the preparation of the material for the fence - cutting it, preparing the pegs. If the box is not very large, then it will be more convenient to assemble it in advance using self-tapping screws. Such structures are reusable, they can be removed for the winter period if the beds are transferred;
- then a fence is installed on the garden;
- then a material of non-woven origin is laid at the bottom of the pit;
- a layer of sawdust, dry foliage, soil mixed with compost and just earth is successively filled up.
And in conclusion. Your site can not only bring good harvest but also look aesthetically pleasing. landscape design can manifest itself not only in the courtyard of a private house, but also in the garden, in the garden. But the main principle of the location of the beds on the territory should still be the needs of plants in sunlight. On a properly located bed, plant care will require minimal care.
They will be fertile and beautiful. You need to make them according to all the rules. Mark out the places for the beds to arrange them from north to east. Put branches, hay, foliage at the bottom. Pour a layer of compost on top, then put cow or horse, and on it - earth 10-15 cm thick. Such a bed will be fertile and warm for a long time. It should not exceed 160 cm, the height should be 70 cm.
Now you need to make fences for - this is convenient, besides, the beds with sides look more beautiful than usual. Fences can be made from those materials that are at hand or purchased. Make, for example, the sides of logs in the shape of a well, paint the beds-wells or decorate them with carvings. Another idea - turn around the beds with slate, cutting it with a grinder into even strips. Flat boards are also suitable for fencing, but they are bad because they rot in 4-5 years. There are plastic borders on sale, you can frame your beds with them. Excellent small beds and flower beds are obtained from car tires, colored in different colours. The beds framed with cobblestones, wattle or low borders of cut plants - lovage, parsley, lettuce, hyssop look original.
To make the beds look beautiful, you need not only to edge them, but also take care of the space between them. So let's move on to the next step. Put geotextiles between the beds (it is sold in construction stores), and pour gravel, crushed stone or bark on it. Such filling will decorate the aisles and will not allow weeds to germinate in them.
Many people spend in their dachas most life. The summer resident cherishes and cherishes his offspring, using various devices for giving and gardening in the arrangement.
The result of human labor is beautiful beds in the garden, giving a good harvest.
Summer residents dream that their labors will always bring results in the form of a harvest. But record harvest largely depends on how the beds were placed in the garden.
You need to clearly understand how to correctly form them, arrange them, how to arrange places for beds in your garden, what size and shape they should be.
How to arrange the beds in the garden plot
First you need to draw a schematic plan garden plot on paper to get an idea of how it will all look in the end. Then make a line on the ground.
The beds should be positioned so that they have a maximum of natural solar lighting. Ideally, if north side plot you will sit fruit trees covering beds from cold winds. Examples in the photo.
If you already have old trees on the site that you do not want to eradicate, then just trim the top branches a little for them so that the sun's rays can easily break through them.
Remember that the beds should be located from north to south. If your site is on a hill, then make beds across the hill. This will prevent the earth from rolling off the hill during the rainy and windy season.
If the site is in a lowland, then make beds high type. Remember that in this case you will need drainage trenches in order to drain excess moisture.
You have to make beds in the garden, but you still do not know how to arrange everything so that it is convenient. To create convenience, wide aisles between the beds are suitable. Sometimes you will need to walk with a cart around the garden, and the beds should not be an obstacle in your path. Think it through ahead of time.
You also need to consider in which part of the garden will be located compost heap, in which waste from the garden will be folded. In the future, you can use the rotten material as fertilizer for the beds.
Where the beds will be placed in the next season, you should think about it in the current one. Digging up old beds autumn sometimes when the whole crop is harvested.
So, creating a garden bed, you need to know:
- what form it will be;
- its dimensions;
- location.
The shape of the bed that suits you
The form can be anything. It depends on the imagination of the summer resident and the area for planting. The beds can be straight, curly, in the form geometric shapes. There may or may not be a fence around each bed.
An example of the correct distribution of beds How to choose the optimal bed height
The beds are high and low. Optimal Height is 40 cm. This kind of beds are warm, the sun's rays quickly warm the ground in them.
The average width of the beds varies from 60 cm to 1 m. The length of the beds can be unlimited.
Some of the summer residents adhere to the Mitlider method, according to which the beds should be 45 cm wide, and the aisles between such beds should be 90 cm each. The length of one bed in this case is no more than nine meters.
Optimal location: south to north
The location of the beds, as mentioned above, should be from south to north. If the site is very uneven, then the beds are made on the slope on the south side, and the trees are planted on the north.
Perhaps you will be interested
Various useful gadgets for summer cottages and gardens
Usage various devices and for summer cottages and gardens, as well as the creation of homemade products greatly simplifies the life of summer residents.
If you like beds with sides, then your imagination is unlimited. Use various materials to create bumpers: boards, strips of slate, metal, brick. You can even purchase factory curbs and railings made of galvanized steel coated with polymeric material. Quite a popular trend in last years began the production of figured fences for beds from tires painted in various colors.
In the garden, do-it-yourself homemade products look beautiful. The paths between the beds, lined with tiles, stone or even sown with grass, look aesthetically pleasing.
Any design decision will give your beds an excellent look that will please your eye all season long.
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WITH There is an opinion that plants do not care which garden to grow on. This statement is fundamentally wrong, and it belongs to people who are far from agriculture. Humidity, the intensity of gas exchange and the species composition of microorganisms living in the upper centimeters of the soil depend on the shape of the beds. All these factors determine the quality of the substrate, and hence the yield. How to apply a scientific approach and build beautiful, photos and descriptions of processes - in this article.
Garden beds
The principles of the arrangement of beds
Many crops are grown in the garden, the agricultural technology of which is not only different, but diametrically opposed. To enable differentiation, the site is divided into zones, and the zones into beds. A garden bed is a small, relatively isolated piece of soil, where it is possible to provide individual care, top dressing and moisture conditions for a certain type of plant.
- slate, boards or pieces of plastic of such a size that at least 20 cm remain above the ground and at least 30 cm deep into the soil;
- pegs made of wood or metal for securing fences;
- non-woven material for lining the bottom.
In a bed on top of a non-woven fabric, it will be necessary to lay in layers:
- sawdust or straw with a layer of 10 cm;
- dry foliage harvested in autumn - 10 cm;
- a mixture of one part of compost and two parts of earth - 10 cm or more;
- layer of earth - at least 10 cm.
Related article:
Photo examples of bright and original flower beds from car tires, plastic bottles, logs, stones and other waste material in a special material.
The process of creating beds
The preparation of the beds takes place in the spring, when the soil has dried out to the extent that it is suitable for digging. The temperature does not matter. The stages of creating a bed-box:
- Marking - it is made using pegs with a stretched cord. The length and width should be comfortable for processing. The narrower the bed, the faster it will dry out.
- Preparation (cutting) of fences and fixing stakes. Stakes and sides can be twisted in advance with self-tapping screws, making a structure in the form of a shield. Such fences are reusable, easy to put up and can be removed for the winter if it is decided to move the bed.
- Installation of fences.
