early harvest received in greenhouse conditions. Late boarding most vegetable crops produced in the summer on open land. This also includes cucumbers. They are unpretentious, but care requires care when organizing watering, feeding and creating acceptable conditions for development.
How to grow cucumbers outdoors
It is better to equip the bed on the sunny side of the site, where the winds do not blow. Climbing and bush cucumbers should be planted in summer, when there is no risk of frost returning (first days of June). Such a culture does not tolerate excessive exposure to moisture, therefore it is not recommended to plant shoots of cucumbers on open areas shallow ground water. Such conditions have a negative impact, since the appearance of female ovaries can be significantly delayed.
If the question is solved, how to grow cucumbers in open ground, first prepare the garden, what is being done before landing seeds. The garden has been prepared since autumn: they dig up, fertilize with manure. Planting material grows more intensively after the predecessors of a certain type: some root crops, onions, legumes, and tomatoes are also included here. It is important to change the landing site. Disease-resistant varieties are suitable for open ground. One of the dangers is that this culture is difficult to tolerate the transplant process.
Ways to grow cucumbers
You can plant a crop in several ways, all of them are characterized by their own nuances:
- laying seeds;
- transplanting.
The first of the options is implemented under acceptable conditions: the prepared seed is laid in the summer (early June), when the cold has already completely receded and temperature regime does not exceed the limit below +15 degrees. The technology for planting seedlings of cucumbers is implemented in two stages: laying seeds in a pot in spring (early-mid-May); a month later, young plants are transferred to a predetermined place.
Cultivation of cucumbers in open ground is also implemented by other laying methods. planting material:
- installation of trellises;
- raised.
The peculiarity of the first option is the need to prepare supporting structure(trellises). The minimum area is used, because only two rows of plants are enough, and the distance between them is 1-2 m. When solving the problem of how to grow cucumbers in open ground using the spreading method, a significant area must be allocated for this purpose. It is impossible to shift and move the stems, because this disrupts the orientation of the leaf plates, and the harvest will be later.
Varieties of cucumbers for open ground
The range is unlimited, however, it is better to use certain types of culture:
- "Elegant";
- "Altaic";
- "Murom"
- "Cascade";
- "Chinese";
- "Courage F1";
- "Moscow";
- "Phoenix";
- "Nezhinskiy 12".
Agricultural technology for growing cucumbers in the open field
High yields can be obtained only with an unmistakably implemented planting technology, if you take care of the plants in a timely manner, give top dressing and water. The temperature regime of air and soil, the intensity of moisture, and growth conditions are taken into account. From all these stages, agricultural technology is compiled. If you miss one of them, the cultivation will give poor results: bitter fruits instead of juicy, sweet and fragrant.
Planting cucumbers
Some of the above varieties can be planted both in open areas and under film. The soil should be warm (at least 17 degrees) and prepared, for which a trench is dug in the spring, the soil is excavated with further processing(for 1 linear meter, potassium salt is taken in an amount of 10 g, superphosphate up to 20 g, humus within 5 kg, wood ash no more than 1 liter). Seeds are laid on average no deeper than 3 cm, it is better to plant cucumbers closer to the surface (1-2 cm). For the minimum area open area(1 sq. m) there are 6-7 bushes.
Fertilizers for cucumbers
Top dressing is given up to 6 times throughout the entire cycle of plant development. The first portion of nutrients is added to initial stage formation of flower buds. Further, cucumbers should be fed every 14 days during the period when the plants bear fruit. Cultivation is carried out by the method of processing organic / mineral fertilizers. Mullein is popular (1 share per 10 shares of water).
How to form cucumbers in the open field
The pinching method promotes the growth of side shoots. The scheme in this case depends on the variety: stepchildren are removed from 3-4 leaves of the central stem; the formation of varietal cucumbers is carried out by pinching after 6-7 leaves. This technology is otherwise called pasynkovanie. It is recommended not to apply to all plants, but to medium and late-ripening varieties.
How to water cucumbers outdoors
Do not direct a direct stream of water at cucumber bushes. Preferred option - drip irrigation. It is not always possible to organize it, so the holes are often carefully filled with water. This should be done on time, so often that the soil does not dry out and is constantly moistened. Watering is carried out in the morning before the onset of heat or in the evening, warm water is taken for this.
Secrets of growing cucumbers in the open field
There are many subtleties of growing technology that facilitate the care of shoots throughout the entire cycle of their growth. The main mistake is loosening the soil. Theoretically, such a measure will enrich the soil with oxygen, but in practice this will lead to a violation of the root system, which grows closer to the soil surface. It is better to use mulching, which is especially effective when leaving, if the Mittlider method (narrow beds) is implemented.
How to grow cucumbers without diseases
The main secret is the correct choice of variety, another feature is the preventive work carried out before planting. Actions step by step:
- at the end of the harvest season, you need to remove the remaining stems;
- remove a layer of soil up to 10 cm;
- in cases where it is impossible to remove the surface soil, this area is impregnated with copper sulphate (10 l of liquid, no more than 50 g of the substance);
- the soil is dug up, then it is already possible to grow.
How to grow a good crop of cucumbers in the open field
Healthy seedlings grow in rich nutrients substrate, for which it is advisable to buy a ready-made mixture. Without fertilizer, growing cucumbers in the open field will give modest results. In addition to the main portion of top dressing, plants are additionally sprayed with the same formulations every 14 days. To do this, the active substances are taken in half a smaller volume. It is important to promote the formation of female flowers of cucumbers, such measures have proven themselves well:
- reduction in the number of male ovaries by pinching;
- reducing the intensity of watering at the stage of budding;
- cultivation begins with warming the seeds before planting in an open area.
Video: how to grow cucumbers in the open field
It should be:
- short-fruited, with a length of greens from 6 cm to 25 cm.
- shade-tolerant not afraid of temperature changes.
- early or mid-season, with a fruiting period of 4 to 6 months.
- Productive.
Preference is given to parthenocarpic hybrids F1. These self-pollinating plants have only female flowers. For growing cucumbers at home, early and ultra-early ones are most popular:
- April;
- Benefit;
- Zozulya;
- Carmen;
- goosebumps;
- Sail;
- Regina;
- Shchedryk;
- Crunch.
From medium early varieties cucumbers for growing at home are preferred:
- Athlete;
- Full house;
- Balagan;
- Bianca;
- Berendey;
- Urban;
- Far Eastern;
- Claudia;
- Courage;
- marinade;
- Masha;
- manul;
- Romance;
- Solar.
IMPORTANT! Hybrids of late ripening cucumbers are not suitable for home cultivation.
Bee-pollinated hybrids of cucumbers, for indoor and greenhouse cultivation, require manual pollination.
The process requires certain skills and additional time.
But despite this, vegetable growers grow at home bee pollinated cucumber hybrids:
- Gribovsky 2;
- Dawn;
- manul;
- Surprise;
- Khutorok;
- Relay race.
Grow and bee-pollinated varieties of cucumbers:
- Room Rytov;
- Marfinsky.
Advice! Manual pollination of cucumbers is carried out in the morning. With a cotton swab, with a soft brush, pollen is transferred from a male barren flower to flowers with an ovary (female). You can touch a male flower with torn petals to a female pistil.
Female single flowers grow separately. The males form groups in the axils of the leaves.
Pollination of cucumbers continues throughout the flowering period, until the first ovaries appear. To increase the yield of cucumbers experienced lovers advise pollinating female flowers with pollen different varieties .
Location selection
Growing cucumbers in an apartment is better on warm, bright balconies, loggias, verandas, windows oriented to the south, east, west.
The north side is not suitable for growing. There should be no drafts in the room.
What to grow?
There are many options: hanging baskets, buckets, containers, boxes, flower pots, tubs. The main thing is that the volume of the container should be at least 5 liters. Drainage is laid out at the bottom - small pebbles, pieces of expanded clay, large sawdust. Make holes to remove excess water.
Advice! To save money, they cut off large plastic bottles, use double plastic garbage bags.
How to grow cucumbers in an apartment: step by step instructions
Landing dates
Timing depends on the selected variety of cucumbers, growing conditions. They take into account the area of the room, the ability to provide optimal temperature and light conditions, air humidity, and the climatic zone.
Cucumbers planted at the end of October will ripen for the New Year's table. From January plantings, they begin to harvest in March. The average time for the start of fruiting from the appearance of the first shoots is 40-50 days. February seedlings ripen by the May holidays.
Soil preparation
Buying in the store universal soil or mixture for growing cucurbits.
Self-prepared according to proven recipes:
- Equal shares of peat, humus. Cup wood ash on a bucket of mixture.
- 1/3 of the turf, garden soil, compost with the addition of a small amount of calcined river sand, ash, rotten sawdust.
The earth is disinfected in one of the following ways:
- Steamed.
- Shedding hot (+ 90 ° C) solution of potassium permanganate of dark pink color.
- Warm up in the oven.
- handle special industrial preparations.
- Apply nitrophoska or full complex fertilizer. Pour into containers, pour abundantly, leave for a day to seal.
Sowing
- cucumber seeds etch for 20-30 minutes in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Washed. Dry. Leave for 2-3 days to swell in a saucer with warm water, wrap in damp gauze, spread on cotton pads. Read more about front.
- Sprouted cucumber seeds sown to a depth of about a centimeter. Plant 1-2 seeds per liter at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. .
- Expose to a bright place. Maintain temperature + 22-25°C during the day, + 16-18°C at night.
- To maintain the required humidity covered with foil, glass.
- When seedlings of cucumbers appear, the shelter is removed. Remove the weak stem. Lighting starts.
Advice! To eliminate the danger of hypothermia of the root system of cucumbers, a sheet of foam, drywall, thick plywood is placed under the containers with plantings.
Lighting
It is impossible to grow cucumbers in the winter at home without lighting. Light day should last 12-14 hours. from December to February, supplementary lighting is carried out from 16 to 20 hours.
Lighting devices for supplementary lighting (energy-saving, fluorescent, LED) are mounted at a distance of 30-40 cm.
To enhance the effect, reflective sheets of foil and mirrors are installed.
Temperature
The temperature is maintained until the plants form lashes not higher than +16°С. After the formation of lashes, the temperature in sunny days support + 24-26°C, in cloudy weather and at night + 18-20°C.
Watering
Watered in sunny weather daily, on cloudy days - every other day. Water must be defended, brought to room temperature. Water several times a season with a weak pinkish solution of potassium permanganate.
It is useful to spray the plants twice a day, but the leaves should dry out by night. Watering cucumbers is carried out under the root or pour water into pallets.
Advice! To increase the humidity in the room, cover the radiators with wet towels. They put dishes with water next to the cucumber bushes. Turn on humidifiers.
Support
Home-grown lashes reach a height of up to two meters and require a garter. The garter is made using a sliding loop. Use twine or nylon cord.
Bush formation
After the appearance of the fifth true leaf, pinch the top to form a bush into two stems. With the growth of the next five leaves, the procedure is repeated.
The pinching of the side lashes is carried out in the side lower nodes over 1-2-3 sheets.
top dressing
The first is carried out after the appearance of two true leaves. Feed with a solution of 3-4 g of nitrophoska per liter of water. The consumption rate per plant is a glass.
Can be used a solution of one teaspoon of urea in 5 liters of water. Feed once every 2 weeks.
With the advent of greens, the plant is fed every week, alternating mineral and organic fertilizers. As organic additives, 20% solutions of chicken manure or superphosphate are used. For mineral, dissolve 30-40 g of nitrophoska in a bucket of water, add a teaspoon of Agrolife or 2 caps of Rost along with watering.
Alternatively, a week later feeding cucumbers with vermicompost. The bushes are sprayed twice with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Advice! An excellent organic is a solution of fermented crushed banana peels, rye bread.
Diseases
Cucumbers grown in an apartment also suffer from whiteflies. Help spraying soapy water, insecticides in the apartment is dangerous to use.
Harvesting
Zelentsy collected every day, preventing them from overgrowing. This contributes to the formation of new ovaries, eases the load on the lashes, prevents the depletion of the plant, and the deterioration of the taste of cucumbers.
Growing in a private house
It does not differ in agricultural technology from growing cucumbers in an apartment. However, villagers, owners of cottages have more opportunities for successful cultivation cucumbers in heated greenhouses all year round.
Features of greenhouse agricultural technology
- Stop the choice on greenhouse varieties cucumbers.
- When planting, be sure to bring into the hole at least a bucket of well-rotted compost or manure, with the addition of 10 g of phosphorus, 5 g of nitrogen, 15 g of potassium per 1 m².
- Landing seedlings of cucumbers are placed at a distance of 40 cm from each other, leaving a meter between the rows. Abundantly watered.
- Equip trellises, supports.
- A bush of cucumbers is formed as when grown at home.
- Remove yellowed and deformed leaves.
- First dressing after 4 weeks. For each plant, 1-2 liters of a 0.3% aqueous phosphorus-potassium solution are consumed. During the fruiting period, top dressing is carried out every week.
- At optimum temperature air watering is carried out at the rate of 2-3 liters of water per bush.
Disease prevention and control
- Should change soil annually. Develop beneficial microflora. Apply preparations such as Fitosporin M, rotted manure, nettle infusion.
- Maintain ventilation.
- For whiteflies, the soil is disinfected. Once every 5 days, the bushes are sprayed with karbofos.
- Dill, mustard, coriander, garlic, basil, tobacco are planted in the aisles. They repel pests of cucumbers.
- Aphids and whiteflies are washed off with a jet cold water. Wipe the leaves of cucumbers with soapy water.
Can it be grown in a basement?
In the equipped basement, up to 200 kg of cucumbers are removed from 1 m².
The main costs fall on providing optimal light and thermal regime.
Requirements for a basement for growing cucumbers
- Temperature should not fall to minus levels throughout the year.
- No rodents, mold, fungus.
- tightness, protection from drafts, penetration of groundwater.
Cucumber is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. He, along with potatoes, cabbage, tomatoes, takes pride of place in our beds. It can be used for food both fresh and pickled, as part of healthy salads. It has medicinal, dietary and cosmetic qualities. Today we will tell you all the secrets of growing cucumbers.
Planting cucumbers in open ground is traditionally loved either with or without cucumber seedlings. seedling way. Both of them in practice allow the gardener to have excellent harvest favorite vegetables. Therefore, the choice of how the crop will be planted remains with the gardener.
There are varietal and hybrid seeds. Their difference lies in the degree of productivity, immunity to viruses and a number of other indicators. Varietal seeds are not as demanding as hybrid seeds. This explains the fact that they are most often planted at home in open ground. Hybrids are usually chosen for a greenhouse. Since in the future they need protected soil and a special fertilizer rich in minerals.
Video "Seedless growing method"
From the video you will learn how to grow cucumbers in a seedless way.
Seedless sowing method
How to plant cucumber seeds? It is required to pre-treat them at home with a solution of potassium permanganate and place them in a container with warm water for 20 minutes. Poor-quality specimens will certainly be on the surface, and they should be disposed of. 
Ideally, the seed should be large in size and full weight. It is permissible to immediately plant the seeds in the soil or germinate within a few days using wet sawdust or peat. Soaking seeds is carried out 12 hours before planting. Warming is required to increase the culture's immunity to diseases. It is necessary to place the seed material in a gauze bag and place it near the battery or just in a warm room. Remember that cucumbers prefer warmth.
How to plant cucumber seeds correctly? You should not sow them too often, as the culture tends to grow. The sowing depth is 2 cm. It is permissible to place several seeds in one hole at once. The distance between the holes is normally no more than 10 cm. It is recommended to indent 60 cm between rows.
Growing seedlings
You can plant your favorite vegetables in seedlings. It allows you to bring the harvest time closer. First you need to grow cucumbers for seedlings at home. When transplanting cucumbers into the ground, do not forget about their vulnerable root system.
Cucumbers for seedlings grow best in special peat pots. In practice, boxes or jars of fermented milk products are often used. The advantage of peat pots is that they have porous walls, so they can provide the earth with the necessary water-air layer.
Cucumbers for seedlings are not only grown in them, but then transplanted from home into open ground directly with pots. Plant roots grow freely through the walls and bottom of such a container. Cucumbers for seedlings, located in peat pots, have an almost 100% survival rate and perfectly adapt to new conditions. 
How to grow cucumbers at home in this way? The containers should be filled with nutrient soil. The soil needs to be moistened from time to time. When the intensive growth of seedlings begins, it is advised to place the pots away from each other. Otherwise, the interlacing of the roots is not excluded. Immediately before transplanting, the seedlings should be at least 25 cm high and have 5 leaves. It is correct to plant cucumbers only in normally warm ground.
Soil preparation
Soil requirements are reduced to the presence of normal drainage and aeration. But light soils with a high humus content are considered preferable. Bad predecessors for cucumbers are called cucurbits. Timely fertilization is also important. In autumn, you should choose a warm and well-lit place on the site. Digging is carried out to a depth of about 25 cm. Next, humus and manure are introduced. 
In the next few years, it is advised to use mineral supplements. It is recommended to spray with a solution blue vitriol. In its manufacture, take 1 tablespoon of the drug per 10 liters of water. Before digging up the beds, you need to burn all the remains of plants on them. Then fertilize with 1 cup of ash and 2 tablespoons of superphosphate per square meter.
In the spring, 1 bucket of manure is required, sawdust, a glass of ash and peat no later than 10 days before planting. The beds need to be leveled and watered hot water. You can also spill them with a solution consisting of 1 gram of potassium permanganate or 1 tablespoon of sodium humate per 10 liters of water. Next, the site is covered with a clean film, which is removed only before sowing seeds or planting seedlings.
Cultivation and care
Cucumber care measures include timely watering, loosening, weeding and applying high-quality fertilizers. Top dressing should be applied 1 time in 10 days. It is advised to use ammonium nitrate, urea, mullein. During flowering, potassium salt and superphosphate are also needed. When the crops bloom, they should be watered with liquid fertilizer, adding special microfertilizers. 
Make sure that the solution does not get on the surface of the foliage. The usual way loosening is not accepted due to the close location of the roots of plants to the surface of the soil. It is customary to pour fertile soil after fertilizing. You can loosen it only in the aisles. Many experienced gardeners have a barrel of water on the site. It has the ability to warm up well during the day, after which it is used for irrigation. In hot weather, plants need a cool hose shower. At the end of summer, the volume of water for irrigation is advised to be reduced. During the period of intensive growth, the frequency of watering is 1 time in 3-4 days. Ripe vegetables are harvested so as to leave the stalk. It is necessary to mercilessly get rid of yellowed and diseased vegetables.
From the video you will learn how to effectively and properly care for cucumbers in order to enjoy a good harvest.
Cucumber- the oldest plant, whose age is more than 6 thousand years. There is probably no person who would not know what the fruit of this plant looks like. Cucumbers are consumed fresh, salads are made from them, they are preserved and salted. Thanks to a group of diverse soluble carbohydrates, this green vegetable has excellent palatability. It has a pleasant, refreshing taste, which is given to it by free organic acids. Sometimes bitterness is present in cucumber fruits, which is due to the presence of cucurbitacin glycoside in them, which appears in the plant with a lack of moisture and with low temperatures soil and air.
This article on the Knowledge House will tell you how to choose the right cucumber variety, how to plant seeds, how to care for plants, how to deal with pests and diseases, and how to properly harvest cucumbers.
Cucumber growing temperature.
When cultivating cucumber, it is very important to take into account the ambient temperature of the soil and air. This plant suffers greatly from the difference between day and night temperatures. best temperature for the germination of its seeds - 25-30 0 С, and for the growth of bushes - 25-27 0 С. , and at 3-4 0 C, the bushes will die in 3-4 days. It follows from this that even in the summer it is advisable to keep portable temporary shelters over the cucumber plot. After the appearance of the first or third leaf on the bush, the resistance of the cucumber to cold increases.
Cucumber is considered one of the most moisture demanding crops that people grow. This plant has a poorly developed root system with a weak suction force, but the vegetative mass, on the contrary, is very large with a voluminous evaporating surface and increased tissue hydration. With insufficient watering, cucumbers will grow weakly, their ovaries will develop slowly, and the few fruits that appear will be small, hard and bitter in taste.
Cucumber lighting.
Cucumber- very light-loving culture. If within 15-20 days for seedlings to reduce the length of daylight hours to 10-12 hours a day, then the development of plants will accelerate, the development of female flowers will intensify and accelerate, and then the harvest. At the same time, in the southern regions, where there is high insolation and low humidity in the adult state, the cucumber puts up with a little shading, so they are often grown there on trellises under sparsely located trees.
Choosing a variety of cucumbers for planting and growing.
Varieties for film shelters:
- Fontanelle;
- TSHA-98;
- Sadko;
- Signal 235.
Varieties for open ground:
- Nezhinsky 12;
- Kharkov;
- Parade;
- Bush;
- Moldovan 12;
- Nerosimy and others.
Soil and top dressing of cucumbers.
Cucumbers require fertile non-saline soil with pH = 6.2-6.8. These plants respond very well to organic fertilizers. Fresh manure is especially suitable for them, which, decomposing in the spring, is a source of carbon dioxide in the surface layer of air. Therefore, for 1 m 2 of the beds on which cucumbers will grow, from autumn it is necessary to bring in 8-10 kg of fresh manure. Of the fertilizers for cucumbers, low-acid mineral fertilizers without chlorine and sodium are best suited. Urea, ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate can be used as nitrogenous. If you fertilize cucumbers with phosphorus fertilizers, then granular superphosphate is excellent for this, and if with potash, then use potassium nitrate, potassium magnesia, potassium sulfate.
If you do not apply manure to the soil for growing cucumbers, then it is recommended as fertilizer:
- Superphosphate - 40g;
- Potassium salt - 25g;
- Ammonium sulfate - 15-20g.
Before planting seedlings of cucumbers, add 0.5 kg of fresh or half-rotted manure to each hole. This will improve the thermal regime of the soil, which is especially important during the rooting period and in the early growth of cucumbers.
Seeds for growing cucumbers.
For growing cucumbers, it is best to use 2-3-year-old seeds stored in a warm room. If you store them in a cold room, then their field germination will greatly decrease. Thus, cucumber seeds must be bought in advance, then stored in a warm room, and warmed up at a temperature of 35-40 0 C 3-4 months before sowing (hang near a heating battery, benches, coarse, etc.).
Planting or sowing cucumbers for early harvests.
If you want to get early cucumbers, then plant 15-20-day-old seedlings from pots or sow with slightly pecked seeds when the ground reaches a temperature of 15 0 C at a depth of 5-10 cm. As soon as the seeds are sown, the rows must be mulched with humus, peat, compost , sawdust or other loosening material. A good mulch will create an excellent thermal regime in the soil and retain moisture in it. The soil is mulched with a layer of 2-4 cm, strips of 15-20 cm.
In too wet low areas, as well as on bottom lands, it is necessary to grow cucumbers on ridges and ridges. AT southern regions on cucumber crops, live wings of potatoes, corn, sunflower, sorghum, beans are used, which perfectly improve the thermal regime of the above-ground air layer and reduce the harm of cool winds, as well as dry winds. The wings must be placed perpendicular to the main winds every 1.5-2m. The best are the wings, the width of which is equal to the 2nd rows of corn, sunflower, sorghum, potatoes or beans.
The scheme of sowing seeds of cucumbers: "Crawling Cucumbers".
Cucumber seeds are sown in holes, the distance between which is 70 cm. In each nest (hole) there should be 4 plants of early varieties or 2-3 late plants. Seeding depth - 2-5 cm.
The scheme of sowing seeds of cucumbers: "Cucumbers on the trellis".
If the garden is small, then you can grow cucumbers on a trellis. At the same time, the agricultural technique is the same as in the "creeping cucumbers" scheme. To do this, pull the trellis up to 2m high. A twine is lowered from the upper part to each bush, on which the plants are tied. In this case, the place of the garter must be sealed with paper, thin rubber or something similar so as not to injure the stem. With this cultivation of cucumbers, it is necessary to ensure that the shoots do not creep along the ground. For this side shoots the first and second orders, which are formed below, are cut off over the second or third ovary.
How to care for crops of cucumbers.
As soon as the first true leaves appear on the cucumbers, they must be thinned out, leaving the plants in the rows after 12-15 cm.
The first dressing of cucumbers.
Simultaneously with thinning, the first top dressing is done. Fermented organic fertilizers are best suited for this. For each plant, you need 0.5 liters of mullein (1:6) or 0.5 liters of bird droppings (1:10). You can also feed with mineral fertilizers. To do this, dilute in 10 liters of water 15g nitrogen fertilizers, 50g superphosphate, 30g potassium sulfate.
2 and 3 feeding cucumbers.
The second time you need to fertilize cucumbers 10-15 days after the first feeding, and the third - 10-15 days after the second. Both of them are carried out with the same fertilizers as the first top dressing, and even better - alternate organic and mineral.
Watering cucumbers.
In order not to supercool them at the beginning of the growth of cucumbers, limit watering until the first ovaries appear. But already with the beginning of fruiting, this process needs to be given much more time. During this period, provide the cucumbers with an uninterrupted supply of water for 3-4 days. For every 1m2, 250-300 liters of water are needed.
When the average air humidity drops below 50%, refreshing night and day watering in the form of sprinkling will be especially effective for cucumbers, as this moistens not only the soil, but also the surrounding air.
Pests and diseases of cucumbers.
Crows.
From the beginning of sowing to rooting, crows can cause the greatest harm to cucumbers. These birds peck out the seeds, and also pull out young plants by the cotyledons. To fight crows, on a plot sown with cucumbers, threads are pulled on which shiny objects, such as foil, are hung.
Larvae of sprout flies on cucumbers.
At the beginning of the growth of cucumbers, the larvae of the sprout fly cause great harm, damaging not only the seeds, but also young shoots. To save the seeds, they must be treated, and during the summer, crops are sprayed with a 0.2% solution of chlorophos.
Melon aphid on cucumbers.
When melon aphids appear on cucumbers, it is recommended to use a 0.2% solution of phosphamide or 0.3% karbofos.
Bacteriosis and anthracnose on cucumbers.
Bacteriosis and anthracnose cause irreparable harm to cucumbers in wet years. To prevent the spread of these diseases, seeds should be treated as mentioned above, and in case of occurrence yellow spots on the leaves - spray them with a solution of 1% Bordeaux liquid (15-20g per 1m 2).
Spider mite on cucumbers.
To fight spider mite it is necessary to spray the lower parts of the leaves of cucumbers, as well as all nearby plantings and even weeds with 40% phosphamide at a concentration of 0.2%, 20% keltan or 50% karbofos emulsion.
Powdery mildew on cucumbers.
To get rid of powdery mildew, it is recommended to use caratan or bayleton, benomine at a concentration of 0.1%. For the prevention of powdery mildew disease in the cucumber area, so-called shields, whitened with colloidal sulfur and lime (1% solution), should be placed, about 30-40 cm high.
Harvesting cucumbers.
The more often you harvest the fruits of cucumbers, the higher its yield. The first collection is recommended to be carried out every two days, then every other day, and at the peak of mass maturation - every day. Clean up carefully. It is categorically undesirable to leave overgrown, diseased or ugly cucumbers on plants, as they will slow down the formation of new ovaries and cause the plant to age.
With mass harvesting, on almost any soil, cucumber plants lack potassium, which leads to a decrease in yield. So that during this period the yield does not decrease, it is recommended to carry out foliar top dressing 0.5% solution potash fertilizers, not containing only chlorine.
P.S.
Properly care for cucumbers from sowing seeds to harvesting, and be sure to get delicious fruits.
Have a good harvest!
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Cucumber - annual plant gourd family. This is perhaps the only culture whose fruits we eat in an unripe form.
Africa, Greece, warm India are the countries where cucumbers were first grown. To date, many hybrid varieties of this plant, resistant to adverse weather conditions, diseases, etc. Therefore, growing cucumbers in open ground is almost always a successful and justified process.Not every gardener knows the secrets of growing cucumbers in the open field, so the information in this article will be very useful for many.
Cucumber variety Courage - a great novelty for beds
Cucumber Courage is one of the most suitable varieties for planting in open ground. This is a high-yielding hybrid, resistant to diseases and pests, characterized by rapid growth and fruit ripening. Therefore, it is grown not only for personal consumption, but also for sale in large volumes. The fruits of this variety have high taste and excellent presentation. Ways of growing cucumbers Courage in the open field: seed and seedlings. seed cultivation cucumbers is possible throughout Russia, with the exception of the northern regions. In cold climates, this crop is cultivated by seedlings.
Agrotechnics of the Courage variety provides for a standard technology for growing this crop in open ground:
- Landing site preparation.
- Presowing preparation of seed material.
- Growing seedlings and caring for them.
- Transplanting cucumbers in open ground.
- Harvesting.
Landing area preparation
The site for growing cucumbers should be sunny, flat, with a deep passage of groundwater, where there are no winds and drafts. This crop does not grow well in acidic soils. You can deoxidize them and bring them to a neutral level of acidity using lime or dolomite flour.
Courage cucumber variety, like other varieties of this crop, does not develop on alkaline, heavy and infertile soil. The future harvest of Courage cucumbers will depend on how well seasonal soil preparation is carried out.
Autumn tillage consists in cleaning the site of weeds and garden debris. All this must be done before the start of the seasonal rains. After that, digging of the site is carried out with the introduction organic fertilizers, for example, rotted manure. Digging depth - no more than 15 cm.
With the advent of spring begin seasonal work loosening the soil and removing young weeds. A cultivator or rake is used to cultivate the soil surface. Before sowing seeds and planting seedlings, it is necessary to level the surface of the soil. This layout is very important for the successful cultivation of this crop. On the flat surface without lumps, the seeds will be sown at the same depth and will sprout together.
The complex of spring measures to prepare the site for planting cucumbers includes the preservation of soil moisture, which has accumulated over the winter and spring. Repeated surface loosening of the soil allows you to retain moisture as much as possible.
Seed preparation
Preparing cucumber seeds for sowing in open ground or for growing seedlings at home is one of the milestones. The quality of the seed material will determine the growth and development of plants, as well as the future harvest. Seeds must be healthy, without damage and with good germination - about 90%.
Before sowing, the seeds are culled and calibrated by soaking in sodium chloride - a solution of 3% concentration. Floating seeds are removed, and seeds that have sunk to the bottom are used for planting. Selected seeds are washed in water and dried on a dry surface.
To prevent the appearance of diseases and mold, the seeds are treated with Fentiuram - 0.4 g of the substance is added to 5 kg of seeds. TMTD can be used instead of Fentiuram. After that, the seeds are heat-treated. They are laid out on a baking sheet and placed in the oven for 1 hour at a temperature of 70 degrees.
Planting seeds in open ground
Correctly, cucumber seeds must be sown with special seeders that provide accurate sowing into the ridges. But most gardeners do it by hand in their area. Seeds are sown when the last frosts have passed and the soil warms up to 15 degrees Celsius. In regions with a cool climate, the sowing time falls at the end of May or the beginning of June.
In the south, the approximate date for sowing seeds is the first half of April. If the spring is early, the planting time is accelerated. In late spring, seeds are sown later than usual. It is worth remembering that in well-warmed soil, the risk of seed rotting and death is significantly reduced.
On a plot of 1 m 2 spend 50 g of dry seeds of Courage cucumbers. Sprouted seeds for the same area will require 2 times less. Optimal Distance between seedlings - 12-15 cm. The thickening of plantings can provoke the appearance of diseases due to insufficient ventilation of seedlings.
Plants for growing seedlings
Cultivation of Courage cucumbers through seedlings is used in the regions middle lane. In addition, using this method, the risk of soil downtime in the area with unsprouted seedlings is reduced.
For planting seeds, seedling containers with a nutritious and loose substrate are used. Modern seedling facilities for growing seedlings of cucumbers are mobile small nurseries with heating. They have low cost, good illumination, the possibility of using mechanized equipment for sampling and hardening seedlings.
Only under conditions of optimal temperature conditions, lighting, air and soil humidity, you can get a strong and healthy seedlings cucumbers. It is not difficult to create such conditions in nurseries. To ensure the correct light regime, it is necessary to choose right place for the location of the seedling structure. At home, this is due to the location of the windows in relation to the south.
It is possible to provide the necessary air humidity and temperature for planting with the help of ventilation and a special heating system, nutrition - with special fertilizers and nutrient substrates, soil moisture - with regular moistening.
During the emergence of seedlings and in the second phase of growing this crop, it is very important to observe the same temperature regime inside the nursery. To grow seedlings without top dressing, the seeds are planted in a peat-dung or manure-earth mixture. When planting seed material in poor soil, seedlings are fed twice with superphosphate of low concentration.
Ideally, peat blocks divided into cells are suitable for growing seedlings from seeds. First they are soaked, then seeds are planted in each cell. Peat blocks are expensive, however, they are very convenient and practical.
Growing seedlings at home
For planting seeds for seedlings at home, it is best to use soil that is similar in composition to the garden soil on the site. So seedlings quickly and easily adapt in open ground.
You can plant the seeds of the Courage variety in a nutrient mixture home cooking. Mix sod, peat soil and sand in equal proportions. You can buy a ready-made mixture called "Violet" in any gardening store. Suitable for planting seeds plastic containers small size, for example, cups. A drainage layer is laid at the bottom of the cups from any absorbent material - expanded clay, sunflower husks or vermiculite.
Planting pre-treated and disinfected seeds according to the above technology is carried out to a depth of 1-2 cm. 2 seeds are planted in one planting container. The subsequent care of the seedlings consists in frequent spraying, providing stable heat and good lighting. After the seedlings emerge and the plants release one pair of leaves, they are transferred to a cooler place to prevent the risk of stretching the plantings. The optimum temperature for keeping seedlings is 15 degrees. Of the two plants, a stronger specimen is chosen, and the weak one is carefully cut with a sharp object.
At good lighting in the cool, the seedlings will form a strong root system. Use for watering young plants warm water, spraying is carried out in the morning, when the sun is less active. In conditions sudden changes air temperature, in low light, plants are struck by a black leg. Infected instances are removed. The remaining seedlings are treated with fungicides for prevention.
Caring for cucumbers in the open field
Agrotechnics for growing cucumbers of the Courage variety involves planting seedlings in open ground only after the threat of the last frost has passed.
By this time, the plants will have time to grow green mass and form flower buds. It is recommended to cut off the first flowers on seedlings, since it is at this moment that plants need energy and strength for the growth and development of the aboveground and underground parts. Flowering interferes with this process. In addition, seedlings with flowers planted in open ground take root much worse to new growing conditions. 
Courage cucumber, like other hybrid forms of this crop, is demanding on the level of air humidity. However, from excess moisture on the leaves, the plant can become sick with powdery mildew. Therefore, proper planting should be watered only in the morning, so that by evening the aerial part of the plants has time to dry.
At each stage of growth, this crop requires a certain amount of moisture. At the beginning of the growing season, plants are provided with humidity in the range of 60-70%, during the fruiting period - about 80%, at the end of the growing season - 75-80%. The optimal frequency of watering is 1 time in 10 days; in the summer heat, moisture is increased up to 1 time in 5 days. Irrigation is the main method of watering this crop.
Cucumbers respond well to dressings that are applied throughout the growing season. The first nutrition is carried out with nitrogen-containing fertilizer at the stage of the appearance of the first pair of leaves (1.5 kg of the substance is spent on a plot of 10 m 2). The second top dressing with nitrogen-potassium fertilizers is applied during the formation of lateral shoots - 2 kg of top dressing is used per 10 m 2 of area.
The thinning procedure is carried out in the area where the cucumbers were planted by seed. Courage cucumber variety has a delicate root system, so it does not tolerate this procedure. To do without thinning, it is enough to plant 2 seeds in each hole. From two grown seedlings, a strong bush is chosen, and a weak one is pulled out.
Loosening, weeding cucumbers and removing weeds begins from the moment the shoots appear or immediately after transplanting seedlings into open ground. At the first loosening, young bushes lightly spud.
Harvesting
Harvesting at the initial stage is carried out every 3 days to prevent overripe fruits. The number of cucumber harvests in the regions of the southern strip can reach up to 50 for the entire season.
Cucumbers are easily damaged, so you need to collect them carefully in the morning or evening. harvested cucumbers are transferred to a cool place. In such conditions, they do not lose their presentation and taste. Courage cucumbers, like the fruits of other varieties, are not stored for a long time. To extend the shelf life, they are placed in refrigerators.
The technology for growing cucumbers in open ground is quite simple. Adhering to the above recommendations, success in this matter is guaranteed to everyone.