Starting repairs in a house or apartment, one of the obligatory works will be plastering the walls. Often, repairs take place during the winter period, so the owners need to know at what temperature the walls can be plastered.
You also need to learn how to carry out the work correctly so that the solution does not crack or simply does not fall off. The article will provide all the rules and recommendations for temperature conditions for work and conditions for applying plaster.
Preparation and conditions
The easiest way is to finish the walls with plaster during the warm and dry seasons. In summer, the procedure for plastering walls inside a building is greatly simplified, since the humidity is low, and the temperature allows the solution to dry quickly and not deform.
In winter, you will need to follow certain rules.
Firstly, the humidity in the room being renovated should be no higher than 8%.
Secondly, the temperature of the solution itself must be at least +8 degrees.
When plastering slopes on openings, corners of a building, you need to know that they are most exposed to cooling, therefore it is better to carry out work before the beginning of the winter period.
Excessively high room temperatures will lead to improper drying of the mixture and the appearance of defects If there are no windows and doors, then they need to be inserted. After that, insulation work should be carried out. When working in a living room, you need to remove old finishing materials, if necessary, remove some of the old plaster.
Additionally, it should be noted that it is possible to putty the walls in winter if the temperature near the floor is not less than +8 degrees, and near the ceiling is not more than +30 degrees.
If the room is more than 30 degrees, then the solution will dry out quickly and, as a result, dry out. Due to this, the strength of the plaster is lost, it begins to crack and after a while can fall off.
Heating and drying
Gypsum plasters dry for a long time, within 2 weeks Any putty requires thorough drying after application, and in different types of building mixtures, different binders are included in the composition, which must be dried under certain conditions.
A small amount of carbon dioxide is required to dry and harden lime-based plaster. It is forbidden to dry the solution using the fast method, since the solution will lose its elasticity and give a lot of cracks.
Lime and dries completely within 2 weeks. At this time, the building should be ventilated 2-3 times a day. Drying is carried out not after a separate area has been plastered, but when the work has been carried out in the whole room or along the entire wall.
If the composition contains cement, then such mixtures will dry faster, in just a week. When using materials with cement, there is no need to ventilate the room, since cement needs moisture, which is in the air.
After the layer of putty has dried, the room should have a constant temperature of at least 8 degrees At home, the best heating for drying walls after plastering is stove heating or central heating. If it is not possible to use such heating systems, then it is necessary to make temporary heating of the room.
For these purposes, air heaters and heat guns are used. With such equipment, the solution on the walls will dry out for a week if the room temperature is 25-30 degrees.
After drying, the heating elements can be removed, but make sure that the temperature in the building is at least 8 degrees Celsius. This keeps the walls warm and free from moisture stains. For a detailed process, see this video:
Air heaters can be used as heating devices.
Those who plaster walls in a room where there is no heating, and it is winter outside, you need to add special additives that allow you to apply the solution and maintain its properties even in negative temperatures.
You can get acquainted with the additives and their scope of application according to the table:
| Additives | Description | Cooking method | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorine water | It is more often used for outdoor work, but you can putty on walls and inside the building. Plaster with this additive can be used at -25 degrees. | To make an additive, you need to heat the water to 35 degrees, then put bleach at the rate of 15 kg of mixture per 100 liters of liquid. The water is stirred until the mixture is completely dissolved in it. Further, it is left for 1.5 hours to infuse. After a while, the additive can be poured into a container and used in the amount that is required. It is forbidden to heat the composition by more than 35 degrees, otherwise the chlorine will evaporate. | It is forbidden to use unsettled water with chlorine, otherwise the plaster will crack. With the additive, cement-based solutions are created, which are used for application to walls made of brick, concrete, wood. For a high-quality solution, you need to mix 1 part of cement, 1 part of the resulting additive and 6 parts of sand. It is necessary to work with the additive only with a respirator and gloves. After drying, chlorine evaporates and has no effect on humans. |
| Potash | A solution with the addition of potash is used for plastering mesh elements, reinforcement and other metal parts. Potash will prevent the metal from corroding. The additive is used for cement mortar, possibly with the addition of clay and lime. | For the preparation of plaster, it is allowed to use low grade cement. The volume of the potash itself depends on the temperature in the room. If the room temperature is up to -5 degrees, then potash is added in the amount of 1% of the total amount of dry mixtures. If the temperature is lower, then you need to add 1.5% and 2% at temperatures lower than -15. The clay should be initially dried a little, then mixed with sand and cement, then water with potash is added. | A ready-made solution with potash is used for an hour. During application, the mixture must be kept in an insulated container, and the person performing the work must use appropriate protective equipment. |
| Ammonia water | The additive is produced in factories in the form of a ready-made liquid in a sealed container. When diluting, the temperature of the additive and water should not be more than +5 degrees, increasing the temperature, ammonia will evaporate. | To make an ammonia additive, you need to add 3.16 liters of ordinary water per liter of solution (25%). If a different solution (15%) is used, then 1.5 liters of ordinary water are needed per liter. An additive is added to the cement slurry, to which sand and lime can be added. Ammonia cannot be used with gypsum or clay. | The ready-made solution can be applied to very cold walls, it can be up to -30 degrees in the room. It is recommended to carry out work on lighthouses. |
Knowing what additives are used, it is possible to plaster the walls indoors even at negative temperatures. The solution will adhere well and not lose its properties. For more information on additives, see this video:
Everything sets quickly, so you need to prepare the solution in the amount that will actually be used for an hour. The mixture itself should be at least +5 degrees.
Having familiarized yourself with the temperature at which the walls can be plastered inside the house, the work will be simplified, and time, labor and effort will not be wasted.
Indeed, often from ignorance of the temperature indicators, the plaster begins to crack, various defects appear, or simply disappears in pieces.
Features of temperature conditions for applying plaster mixtures. Recommendations for plastering in winter. Specificity of street plastering works. Consequences of violations of the temperature regime.
We plaster in winter and summer
It is accepted to carry out plastering in the warm season.
The information below gives an idea in what temperature range the plastering work can be carried out and how to extend the construction season.
Information is subjective provided that the solutions contain the appropriate modifiers in the correct proportions.
Features of plaster
The proportions and composition of binders determine the name of the plaster mortar:
- Gypsum;
- Plaster-limestone;
- Lime-sand;
- Lime-cement;
- Cement-sand.
Various types of sand are used as a filler. Special additives guarantee different technical characteristics of mixtures and a wide range of application temperatures.
Separately, there are dry, gypsum sheet plasters - gypsum plasterboard (gypsum plasterboard).
At what temperature can walls be plastered inside the house
The condition for working with gypsum plasters is a temperature range from + 5˚ to + 30˚C.
If the walls of the building are frozen in winter, then plastering inside can be carried out only after the wall has thawed to half the depth.
In winter, in buildings with heating, the air must be heated above + 10˚C indoors, then the use of solutions does not require the addition of anti-freezing modifiers.
If the temperature is from + 5˚ to + 8˚C, the mixture during throwing must have indicators not lower than + 8˚C.
If the air in the house is above + 23˚C, it is necessary to evenly moisten the surface to be plastered.
In summer, in dry, hot seasons at temperatures above 30˚C and humidity less than 50%, it is necessary to maintain humidity in the plastered areas and add special plasticizers.
Is it possible in winter in an unheated room
There are lime-cement, lime plaster mixes, the air temperature when working with which is from -10˚ to + 25˚C.
When plastering with such mixtures, the heating of the solution itself and the application surface should be at least + 5˚C.
The mixture should be prepared in a heated part of the building, when the temperature drops below + 5˚C during the day, and at night
At what temperature is it possible if there is no heating
Plastering of buildings can be carried out at sub-zero temperatures. Mixtures are used that contain cement and sometimes lime, with the addition of antifreeze components:
To reduce labor intensity, it is better to prepare aqueous solutions of the required percentage and pour them into the prepared composition.
It is forbidden to use potash, calcium nitrate with urea or sodium nitrite as frost-resistant additives in the case of plastering buildings with high (above 60%) humidity or operation at temperatures above 40 ° C.
More complete information on the preparation and use of plaster mixes is presented in SP-82-101-98 and in SNiP 3.04.01-87
Plastering the wall on the street
Outdoor plastering is performed if the temperature is from –30˚ to + 5˚C, taking into account the above requirements and there is no wind. When using mixtures based on water without frost-resistant additives - not less than + 5˚C.
Temperature regime inside the house
Installation of sheet gypsum plasters can be carried out on:
- metal crate;
- wooden frame;
- glue pad.
Installation on a metal frame is best done at a positive temperature in order to avoid fogging at the points of contact with metal.
Installation on an adhesive base, as well as priming and filling of joints, is best done when the air inside the building is warmed up to at least + 10˚C.
What will happen if you do not comply with the temperature regime
When deviating from the temperature regime, for a short time and within small limits, the plastered walls lose their plane and take on wavy shapes. More gross violations of technology entail a loss of layer strength, a decrease in adhesion to the carrier layer, the appearance of cracks, up to the collapse of the layer.
If factory plaster mixes are used, read the factory instructions. Plastering inside the house is best done at temperatures from +10 to + 30˚C. Outdoor plastering in the range below + 5 ° C must be carried out in calm weather or with the arrangement of a protective vestibule. Care must be taken when adding anti-freeze modifiers.
Useful video
PERFORMANCE OF PLASTERING WORKS IN WINTER
GENERAL INFORMATION. PREPARATION AND DRYING OF ROOMS AND SURFACES
General information. In winter, plastering works are performed in compliance with a number of additional requirements. The moisture content of brick or stone walls to be plastered should not exceed 8%. The degree of moisture is determined by laboratory methods. Those building structures (window and door slopes, niches), which are subject to rapid cooling, must be finished before the onset of cold weather. If they are finished after the onset of cold weather, then measures are taken to protect the plaster from premature freezing: the plaster is insulated, warmed up. Preparation, storage, transportation of plaster solutions should be organized in such a way that the solution delivered to the work site at the time of its application has a temperature not lower than + 8 ° C. This can be achieved when the premises, bunkers, mortar lines are insulated and the temperature in the room is not lower than
10 ° C. Mortar pipelines located in the open air or in unheated rooms must be insulated. Carrying out external plastering works at an air temperature below -5 ° C is allowed with mortars containing chemical additives, which give the mortars the ability to harden in frost and achieve the required strength. It is also allowed to plaster with mortars with ground quicklime.
Freeze-built stone and brick walls are allowed to be plastered when the masonry has thawed to a depth of at least half of the wall thickness from the side of the plaster outline. The use of hot water to accelerate the heating of frozen walls or to remove ice from them is not allowed. Training. The building as a whole or its premises to be plastered are prepared in advance. First of all, gaps between walls, door and window frames are bored and plugs and window slopes are plastered. Inserted window sashes glaze. The doors are closed tightly. Attic and intermediate floors
insulate. According to technical conditions, plastering work is allowed to be performed in winter at a stable average temperature inside the premises near the outer walls at a height of 0.5 m from the floor level not lower than + 8 ° С. To accelerate the drying of the plaster, it is recommended to bring the temperature to 4-10-1b ° C. At the same time, the temperature near the ceiling should be no higher than + 30 ° C. At a higher temperature, the plaster dries out quickly, becomes covered with cracks, and loses strength. In rooms where the temperature is below + 8 ° C, it is forbidden to work, since the plaster dries for a long time and, in addition, applied to frozen walls, in the spring it can peel off, since the walls, thawing, release moisture and it breaks the adhesion of the plaster to the wall. Wooden, fiberboard, reed and straw surfaces under these conditions are highly saturated with moisture, swell and increase in volume. When dry, they warp and tear the plaster. Before plastering, it is necessary to remove ice from the surfaces and then warm up the room well. Heating and drying. Plasters on different binders are dried in different ways. For example, a certain amount of carbon dioxide is required for the normal drying and hardening process of lime plasters. Drying lime plasters in an accelerated way does not give good results: the plaster is fragile and cracks severely. Lime and lime-gypsum plaster is dried on average for 10-15 days, ventilating the room two to three times per hour. Cement and cement-lime plasters are dried for 6-7 days without ventilating the premises, because moist air is required during their hardening. When drying plaster from a complex solution, it is necessary to focus on the main binder. Frozen wet plaster should be immediately warmed up, peeled off areas removed, repaired and then dried. The best heating when drying a piece ^ Turks is central. If there is no central or stove heating, they arrange a temporary one.
For large volumes of plastering, air heaters are used. With these installations, the plaster is dried for 6-8 days at an air temperature of + 30 ° C. As soon as the plaster dries to the required moisture content (8%), the drying is stopped and the room temperature is maintained at + 8 ° C so that the walls do not cool down and damp spots do not appear on them. Calorifier systems are also used for drying large plastered surfaces. The unit includes a heater with a firebox, a blower unit with a centrifugal fan that injects hot gases through the air ducts (pipes), a set of pipes and an additional fan that injects air. Air ducts are passed into the building through window or doorways. If there are workers in the room, then only hot air is supplied to the building, and the exhaust carbon monoxide gases are removed outside. The electric heater has a cylindrical casing made of sheet steel, in which heating elements are placed on supports. Air is blown into the electric heater by a fan from the electric motor, where it is heated and supplied to the outside. Heat generator TG-150 is designed for use in areas with air temperatures from - 35 ° C. It runs on liquid fuel. The infrared burner is intended for drying plaster in buildings under construction and renovation, provided that the air exchange is at least twice an hour, which ensures the timely removal of combustion products.
PLASTERING WITH ANTI-FREEZE ADDITIVES
Chlorinated water solutions. In unheated rooms, in rooms with partial heating, as well as in the cold, plastering work is performed with solutions with chemical additives.
For external plastering, chlorinated solutions are used (solutions mixed with chlorinated water). Such solutions can be used to plaster surfaces at temperatures down to -25 ° C without subsequent heating of the plaster. To prepare chlorinated water, water is poured into a boiler, heated to + 35 ° C, then bleach is put into it (12-15 hours of bleach per 100 liters of water). The solution is stirred until the lime is completely dissolved. The resulting chlorinated milk is placed for 1-1.5 hours for settling, after which the chlorinated water sludge is poured into a supply tank and used to prepare a solution. Chlorinated water should not be heated above + 35 ° С, as chlorine will evaporate and the water will lose activity. It is strictly forbidden to use unsettled chlorinated water, since when silt or turbidity gets into the plaster, cracks appear in it.
Chlorinated water can be used to prepare complex or cement mortars, which are used for plastering wooden, brick or concrete surfaces. Other types of solutions should not be prepared with chlorinated water.
The following compositions of chlorinated solutions are recommended - cement: lime paste: sand (1: 1: 6) or cement: a mixture of clay with ground slag: sand (1: 1.5: 6). These compositions of solutions are used for plastering brick, cinder block and wooden surfaces. Concrete surfaces are plastered with cement mortars of a composition from 1: 2.5 to 1: 3. The temperature of chlorinated water for the preparation of solutions must not be lower than + 10 ° C, the temperature of the materials depends on the outside air temperature (see page 138). The lower the air temperature, the higher the temperature of the solutions should be, and in windy weather it is higher than in calm. The temperature of the plaster mortar, regardless of the outside temperature, must be at least + 5 ° C at the time of application and grouting. Chlorinated solutions are applied manually or mechanically. Each subsequent layer of the solution should lie on the previously thickened layer. After the cover has set, grout is performed. Insufficiently dried common? plasters applied in winter are covered with ice, which reduces their strength. The strength of chlorinated plasters in the cold increases. Chlorinated solutions can be painted with alkali-resistant and light-resistant mineral paints (earthen), for example, mummy, ocher, red lead. Workers preparing chlorinated water or mortar and using chlorinated mortar directly on plastering work must receive safety training. To work with these solutions, they are required to wear canvas overalls, a rubberized apron and gloves; you need to put on rubber boots. You can work with chlorinated solutions only in a gas mask or respirator.
Indoor plastering with chlorinated solutions is not allowed. As an exception, it is allowed to plaster the niches under the radiator, provided that the windows are open.
Chlorinated plasters after drying are harmless, since chlorinated solutions completely set on the eighth day, and during this time chlorine evaporates from them. Solutions with the addition of potash. Solutions with the addition of potash do not give efflorescence, do not cause corrosive destruction of metal, therefore they can also be used for plastering mesh-reinforced structures. On an aqueous solution of potash, cement-clay, cement-lime and cement mortars are prepared. Colored solutions are prepared using. alkali-resistant pigments. For the preparation of the solution, low-grade Portland cement is used. The amount of potash is taken depending on the outside temperature. So, for example, at an outdoor air temperature of up to -5 ° C, potash is taken 1% of the mass of the dry mixture, at an outdoor air temperature of -5 to -15 ° C - 1.5%, at a temperature below -15 ° C - 2% ... Potash is added to the dry plaster mixture in the form of an aqueous solution. Cement-clay mortars are used in the following compositions: from 1: 0.2: 4 to 1: 0.5: 6 (cement: clay: sand). To prepare the solution, the dried clay is mixed with cement and then sealed with an aqueous solution of potash. Clay can be pre-made into dough and then mixed with cement and sand.
Cement-lime mortars should contain no more than 20% lime by weight of cement. Prepare them in the usual way. Cement mortars should be non-greasy, 1: 3 composition. Potash salt is dissolved in water, in which a solution is prepared from a cement-sand mixture or this water is added to thick solutions. For work, it is recommended to use pre-warmed solutions up to + 5-М0 ° С. The solution should be used within an hour from the moment of its preparation. The solution is stored in an insulated container. Before plastering, the surfaces are cleaned of snow, ice and dirt. Stamps and beacons are arranged from a solution with which I plaster the surfaces. The spray during plastering under low temperature conditions is not applied to the surface, but a creamy solution is prepared and immediately applied to the base in layers 10–12 mm thick. The soil is leveled, scribbled and a cover 7-8 mm thick is applied over its thickened layer. The cover is leveled and rubbed without wetting with water. A worker preparing a solution with the addition of potash should be dressed in the same way as working with a chlorinated solution. Ammonia water solutions. Solutions prepared with ammonia water do not give efflorescence. Ammonia water is obtained from the plant, at workplaces in solution units it is diluted to the required concentration. The temperature of ammonia and ordinary water for its dilution should not exceed + 5 ° С, since ammonia evaporates at a higher temperature. If the ammonia water has a 25% concentration, then to obtain ammonia water of 6% concentration, 3.16 liters (3 liters rounded) of ordinary water are added for each liter of it. If ammonia water of 15% concentration is imported, then 1.5 liters of water are added to 1 liter of it. Ammonia water delivered from the factory or diluted at the workplace is stored in a hermetically sealed container, best of all in glass bottles with ground-in corks. Cement and cement-lime mortars with sand are mixed with ammonia water; lime, lime-gypsum and cement-clay mortars must not be mixed with ammonia water. When grouting on concrete, it is recommended to use a 1: 2-1: 4 cement mortar (cement: sand); for plastering brick, cinder-concrete and wooden surfaces - cement-lime-sand mortars of compositions 1: 1: 6-1: 1: 9 (cement: lime paste: sand). Lime dough is diluted with ammonia water, the temperature of which should not be lower than + 5 ° C. The temperature of the Greva solution depends on the outside temperature. If the outside air temperature is up to - 15 ° С, then the temperature of the solution at the workplace should be + 2-ГЗ ° С. At an outside air temperature down to -25 ° C, the solution temperature should not be lower than + 5 ° C. Plastering with solutions with ammonia water is permissible at air temperatures down to -30 ° C. To obtain solutions of the specified temperature, the materials included in them are heated. After mixing, the temperature of the lime dough and ammonia water should not exceed + 5 ° C. Solutions must be supplied to workplaces in insulated boxes closed with lids with soft rubber gaskets, which prevents ammonia from volatilizing and retains heat. After freezing, plaster based on ammonia water has high strength, the surface film does not peel.
It often happens that the process of building a building continues in winter. Therefore, the question at what temperature can be plastering becomes the most relevant.
But it is no less important in such conditions and what rules should be followed in this case. We will try to answer all this below.
Conditions and preparatory work
In winter, it is necessary to plaster, observing a number of additional requirements. The moisture content of the walls should not be higher than 8%. door and window, niches and other structural elements of the building, subject to rapid cooling, should be carried out before the onset of winter. The solution during work with them must have a temperature of + 8 ° and higher.
This is possible only when the bunkers, mortar pipelines (with the machine method of plastering) are insulated, and the temperature in the premises is kept at a level of + 10 ° C.
The result of plastering in an unheated room
External plastering works at temperatures below -5 ° C are allowed only with solutions that contain chemical modifiers, which give them the ability to harden in the cold and achieve the design strength. You can also work with solutions containing ground quicklime.
Frozen walls can be plastered if, on the side of the work, the wall has thawed to a depth of at least half of it. The use of heated water to speed up the heating process of the walls and remove ice from them is strictly prohibited.
Premises requiring plastering are prepared in advance. Necessarily gaps between window, door frames and walls are drilled, slopes are plastered, windows are glazed. Doors are installed and tightly closed, interfloor and attic floors are insulated.
In winter, plastering can be done at an average temperature in rooms near external walls at a height of 50 cm from the floor level of at least +8 ° С.
At the ceiling, the temperature should not exceed +30 ° C. At higher temperatures, the solution dries quickly, cracks and loses strength.
Heating and drying
Heater for drying plaster (price - from 14,000 rubles.)
Materials based on different binders are dried in different ways. A small amount of carbon dioxide is needed to dry and harden. Drying by the accelerated method is contraindicated: the plaster becomes fragile and cracks strongly.
Lime, lime-gypsum finish dries about 10-14 days. The room must be ventilated two to three times a day. Cement, cement-lime mortars require 6-7 days to dry.
The room is not ventilated, because the solution needs humid air. When drying plasters from complex mixtures, take the main binder as a guide.
The best heating for normal plaster hardening is central heating. If it, as well as the stove heating, is not there, a temporary one is arranged.
If the volume of work is large, air heaters are used. They dry the plaster for about 6-8 days at a temperature of +30 ° C. As soon as it dries to a moisture content of 8%, the room temperature is set at + 8 ° C, so the walls will not cool down and will not be covered with damp spots.
Heaters can also be used. The installation kit includes the heater itself with a furnace, a blowing unit with a centrifugal fan that pumps hot gas through the pipes, a set of pipes and another fan that blows air.
Solutions with antifreeze additives
To the question: is it possible to plaster in frost, the answer is simple.
In unheated rooms, as well as outside at subzero temperatures, plaster is prepared with chemical additives.
Chlorine water
For outdoor work, mixtures are used that are mixed with chlorinated water. They can work at temperatures up to -25 ° C.
To prepare the additive, pour water into the boiler and heat up to +35 ° С. Put in a container of bleach at the rate of 15 kg per 100 liters of water. Stir until the lime is completely dissolved. The resulting milk should stand for 1-1.5 hours.
Drain sediment into a supply container and use as needed. The composition must not be heated above +35 ° С, otherwise the chlorine will evaporate. It is forbidden to use chlorinated water that has not settled down; if turbidity gets into the plaster, it cracks.
This additive can be used to make cement and complex mortars and plaster brick, concrete and wood surfaces. you can't do it on it.
For cinder block, brick and wooden walls, it is necessary to use chlorinated mixtures: cement + lime + sand in a ratio of 1: 1: 6 or cement + clay with slag + sand in a ratio of 1: 1.5: 6. Concrete is plastered with a cement-sand mortar in a ratio of 1: 3.
Attention! When working with chlorine mixtures, wear a respirator, canvas overalls, rubberized gloves, an apron and boots. After drying, such solutions are harmless, since chlorine from them gradually evaporates.
Potash
Solutions with potash additive do not form efflorescence and do not contribute to metal corrosion; they are recommended for plastering mesh-reinforced structural elements.
Using potash water solution, cement, cement-clay and cement-lime mixtures are made. For the manufacture of plaster mortars, cement of low grades is taken. The amount of potash added depends on the air temperature.
If this indicator is not lower than -5 ° C, potash requires 1% of the volume of the mixture in a dry state. At an air temperature of -5 - -15 ° C, 1.5% of the additive is needed. If it is freezing outside, below -15 ° С, 2% of the additive is added.
Cement-clay mortars with filler-sand are prepared in proportions from 1: 0.2: 4 to 1: 0.5: 6. The dried clay is mixed with cement and sand, and then mixed with an aqueous potash solution.
Cement-lime mixtures should contain no more than 20% lime (by weight of cement).
Cement mortars should be non-greasy, in a ratio of 1: 3. Potash salt dissolves in water, on which the mixture is made. For work, it is necessary to use a solution with a temperature above +5 ° C.
Note! It must be used within an hour after preparation.
The solution is stored in an insulated container. Dress in the same way as when working with chlorinated solutions.
In the photo, ammonia water
This modifier is produced in factories and diluted at the construction site to the desired concentration. It is necessary to ensure that the temperature of both ammonia and ordinary water, with which it is diluted, does not exceed +5 ° C. At higher temperatures, ammonia will evaporate.
If the concentration of ammonia in water is 25%, then to obtain a ready-made additive with a 6% concentration, 3.16 liters of ordinary water are added for each liter of the factory solution. If ammonia water with a 15% concentration was purchased, then 1.5 liters of water are added per 1 liter.
DIY instructions for use:
This modifier should be stored in hermetically sealed containers; glass bottles with ground-in corks are suitable for this.
Ammonia water can be added to cement and cement-lime-sand mortars, but lime-gypsum, cement-clay and lime mixtures cannot be sealed with this additive.
When grouting concrete surfaces, it is necessary to use cement mixtures in proportions 1: 2-1: 4. For plastering on brick, cinder-concrete and wood surfaces - cement-lime-sand compositions should have a ratio of 1: 1: 6-1: 1: 9.
Lime is diluted with ammonia water, the temperature regime of which should not be lower than +5 ° С. The heating temperature of the plaster solution depends on that of the outside air.
If the outside air is cooled to -15 ° C, then the temperature of the solution when working with it should be + 2-3 ° C. When the outside air mode is down to -25 ° С, the temperature of the mixture must be kept at a level of at least +5 ° С.
It is possible to work with solutions with an ammonia additive at ambient temperatures down to -30 ° С and best of all
The finish on the ammonia modifier after freezing has a high strength, its surface film does not peel off. Such plasters continue to gain strength indicators both in the cold and at positive temperatures, after thawing.
Outcome
We hope our material was useful for you. we just have to offer you a video in this article and wish you good luck in your difficult construction business.