Thrones of the temple: central - in the name of St. app. Peter and Paul; southern - in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh; northern - in honor of the holy military martyr. Barbarians. Side Throne - in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "The Sign".
The first historical information and documents describing the church date back to the beginning of the 17th century, when Yasenevo still remained a palace village. The current temple was built in the Elizabethan Baroque style and consecrated in the name of the Holy Primate Apostles Peter and Paul in 1751-53. As a result of the reconstruction of the 1860s. The Church of Peter and Paul took on a look that has survived to this day. The architecture of the temple was brought to the type of a three-part axial symmetrical composition "temple-porch-bell tower", the most common among the temples built in the patrimonial possessions of Russia of the era of classicism.
After the death of S.I. Gagarin's estate passed to his daughter M.S. Buturlina (second cousin of A.S. Pushkin). The sons, who inherited in 1902, owned Yasenev until the revolution of 1917. In 1924, the main house of the estate burned out, only the baroque staircase was preserved from it. In the 1930s the temple, which was used as a state farm warehouse, was also closed. The painting of the church, dating back to the first half of the 19th century, has not been preserved.
In 1973-1976. the church was externally restored, crosses were erected on the temple and the bell tower. The water tower with a weather vane was restored, the manor house was almost recreated. The entire territory of the temple, enclosed by a fence, belonged to the car repair base and its warehouses.
In 1989, the church of Sts. app. Peter and Paul in Yasenevo with the house of the clergy returned to the Orthodox Church and transferred to the parish. The first rector of the temple was Archpriest Alexander Toropov. Since February 1997, the temple has become the Moscow Compound of the St. Vvedensky Stauropegial Monastery of Optina Hermitage. The church contains relics of St. app. Andrew the First-Called, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, St. vmts. Barbarians, St. vmts. Tatiana, St. vmts. Catherine, St. rights. Lazarus of the Four Days, St. Euthymius the Great, St. Gregory the Theologian, Besser. Cosmas and Damian, pervomuch. Stephen, app. Luke, St. vmch. and healer Panteleimon, St. Joasaph of Belgorod, martyr. Tryphon, prmts. led. book. Elizabeth and in. Barbarians, St. equal to ap. Mary Magdalene, St. Alexander Svirsky, St. Philaret of Moscow, St. Hilarion (Troitsky), St. Ambrose of Optina, St. Optina Elders: Leo, Macarius, Moses, Anthony, Hilarion, Anatoly "the Elder", Isaac I, Joseph, Barsanuphius, Anatoly "the Younger", Nectarius.
Yasenevo is one of the most ancient settlements of the Moscow region. N.M. Karamzin assumed that it was mentioned as early as 1206 in one of the chronicles when describing the strife of the specific princes: "Sretosha and brothers at Yasenev", but the first documented owner of Yasenev is the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan Danilovich Kalita. It is mentioned around 1339 in one of his spiritual letters, that is, a will. Until the end of the XVI century. Yasenevo belonged to the descendants of Kalita, including Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible.
Judging by the fact that Yasenevo has long been listed as a village, wooden churches were periodically built in it, replacing one another, but their dedications are unknown. During the reign of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in Yasenevo, a wooden church of Sophia and her daughters Faith, Hope and Lyubov was built - in 1628-1629. in the salary books of the Patriarchal State Order, it is listed as "newly arrived", that is, just built. Later, the tsar gave this village to a certain Ananya - the youngest son of his confessor, Archpriest Maxim of the Annunciation Cathedral. This Ananya was one of the close associates of his wife, Tsaritsa Evdokia Lukyanovna, repeatedly received expensive gifts from her, perhaps Yasenevo was granted to him at the request of the tsarina in connection with his marriage in 1631. As the owner of this village, Ananya is mentioned in a document of 1635-1636.
Yasenevo briefly stayed with Ananya, returned to the treasury, but was soon presented to another successful courtier - the boyar and butler prince Alexei Mikhailovich Lvov. Under him, in the census book of 1646 in the village, a “boyar yard” is documented, i.e. manor, horse and cattle yards. The church, apparently the one that was built under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, is called somewhat differently than before: The Signs of the Virgin with two aisles: Nicholas the Wonderworker and Sophia and her daughters. A.M. Lvov built with her "a bell tower on poles, for five bells." A.M. There were no heirs to Lvov; the royal village, which belonged to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. In 1674, a new wooden cult building was built in Yasenevo, replacing the previous one. It, in turn, consisted of two churches: the upper one - the Sign of the Virgin, completed with a tent, and the lower one - Sophia with her daughters. In addition, another tent had a chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. In the village there are peasant huts, a "sovereign's volennik" yard, two yards of gardeners and "26 peasant yards, the same people, they also have children and brothers and nephews and grandchildren and sons-in-law and shuryas and stepchildren and 62 people," which speaks of that Yasenevo was one of the largest villages in the Moscow region.
The current temple was built in the Elizabethan Baroque style and consecrated in the name of the holy chief apostles Peter and Paul. The consecration of the Temple took place in 1751-53. The old wooden Church of the Sign was dismantled for dilapidation. Following the new church, a new baroque manor house began to be built, with a magnificently deployed front staircase leading directly to the mezzanine level, and a wide ramp from the garden side. A regular park with alleys, ponds, pavilions and pavilions was laid out, so that everything as a whole made up a regularly planned palace and park ensemble of the estate. Death of F.A. Lopukhina in 1757 suspended construction. Work continued mainly in the regular garden with ponds.
Lopukhin's widow Vera Borisovna did not part with Yasenev until the end. The village and the estate were inherited after her by her son, Vasily Feodorovich, married to A.P. Gagarina. After centuries of ownership by the Lopukhins, the estate passed to the princes Gagarins. Documents show that in 1812 the Yasenevsky landowner was Pavel Gavriilovich Gagarin, who equipped 23 peasant militiamen from Yasenev at his own expense, and he inherited the possession of his father Gabriel Petrovich in 1808. On July 9, 1822, a wedding took place in the church of the village of Yasenev Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya and Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy - the parents of the writer Leo Tolstoy and his sister Maria Nikolaevna, a nun of the Shamorda Monastery (who ended her earthly life there as a schema nun Maria and was buried in the monastery cemetery) ...
With the name of Prince S.I. Gagarin is connected with the acquisition by the Yasenevsky temple of its present form. Initially, the stone temple consisted of one (current eastern) cuboid volume of a cold central aisle. It was a pillarless cubic church of centric composition with an 8-sided drum cut through by 8 windows and crowned with a dome. The next step in the history of the construction of the temple was its two-stage reconstruction, carried out during the reign of Yasenev, Prince Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin. In 1832, a warm (the church itself was cold) side chapel, with a separate entrance, was added to the church in honor of St. vmts. Barbarians - the heavenly patroness of the prince's wife, and the bell tower, directly adjoining the temple itself.
In 1860-61. another reconstruction was carried out, correcting the identified shortcomings of the previous one. Since the aisle church turned out to be fragile and one wall slanted, the bell tower inside was greatly narrowed and in construction it was not proportional to the temple, and also to open the passage to the cold church and make the parishioners more comfortable, a petition was submitted to the Moscow Theological Consistory in the name of St. Philaret ( Drozdov), the Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna from the clergy of the Peter and Paul Church, its parishioners and the owner of the estate for permission to rebuild, or rather, rebuild the two-altar warm chapel, communicating with the cold church, and a new bell tower. Thrones in the chapel (refectory) were supposed to be consecrated in honor of St. vmts. Barbarians and Rev. Sergius of Radonezh - the heavenly patron of the owner, Prince Sergei Ivanovich. The request was granted, the project developed by the artist Kalugin was approved. But the construction was completed only in 1865.
As a result of the reconstruction of the 1860s. The Church of Peter and Paul took on a look that has survived to this day. The architecture of the temple was brought to the type of a three-part axial symmetrical composition "temple-porch-bell tower", the most common among the temples built in the patrimonial possessions of Russia of the era of classicism. In its final form, the temple had 3 altars: the central one in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (the antimension was consecrated on February 26, 1826), the southern one in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh (the antimension was consecrated by St. Philaret (Drozdov), Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna on October 20, 1861. , a particle of the holy relics of which is now in the temple), and the northern one in honor of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara (the antimension was consecrated by Bishop Nikolai of Dmitrovsky in 1832).
In the 1930s closed the temple, which was used as a state farm warehouse. The painting of the church, dating back to the first half of the 19th century, has not been preserved. In 1973-1976. the church was externally restored, crosses were erected on the temple and the bell tower. The water tower with a weather vane was restored, the manor house was almost recreated. The entire territory of the temple, enclosed by a fence, belonged to the car repair base and its warehouses.
In 1989, the church of Sts. app. Peter and Paul in Yasenevo with the house of the clergy returned to the Orthodox Church and transferred to the parish. Since February 1997, the temple has become the Moscow Compound of the St. Vvedensky Stauropegial Monastery of Optina Hermitage. Rector - Abbot Melchizedek (Artyukhin).
Based on materials: http://usadba-yasenevo.ru/istoriya/artpage19.html
Korobko M.Yu. Moscow Manor. Guide.
Peter and Paul, the apostles, in Yasenevo, in the courtyard of the Holy Vvedenskaya Optina Hermitage church (Novoyasenevsky Prospekt, house No. 42).
The village of Yasenevo, known from the 14th century until the 17th century. was in the possession of the Moscow sovereigns. In 1688, the village was granted to the father-in-law of Peter I, Fyodor Avraamovich Lopukhin. The Lopukhins owned Yasenevo until 1790. The first wooden church in the village of Yasenevo was built in 1626 by Patriarch Filarat. She was consecrated in the name of the martyrs Faith, Hope and Love and their mother Sophia. The church building that has survived to this day was built in the Baroque style in 1737 and consecrated in the name of the Apostles Peter and Paul, in memory of Emperor Peter II, a relative of the owners of the village. In 1832, the chapel of the martyr Varvara was erected, which was dismantled thirty years later. In 1863, a bell tower and an extensive refectory were added to the temple, in which the chapels of St. Sergius of Radonezh and the martyr Paraskeva Pyatnitsa were consecrated.
The temple was built in the Baroque style. On the main volume of the quadrangle there is an octagon with an onion dome. The three-tiered bell tower adjoins the refectory, the ringing is arranged in the upper tier. It is also crowned with an onion head. The decoration of the temple (pilasters, architraves) is very laconic.
The church was closed in the 1930s. In 1989, it was handed over to the community of believers. Soon services were resumed in the church. In addition to the main throne in the temple, there is a side throne in the name of the Icon of the Mother of God “The Sign”, as well as side chapels - St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (formerly St. Sergius of Radnezh, right) and the Great Martyr Barbara (formerly Martyr Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, left). Among the shrines of the temple are the relics of the venerable Optina elders.
Mikhail Vostryshev "Orthodox Moscow. All churches and chapels".
Compound of the Svyato-Vvedenskaya Optina Hermitage
Story:
The first historical information and documents describing the church date back to the beginning of the 17th century, when Yasenevo still remained a palace village.
The new (now existing) temple was built in the Elizabethan Baroque style and consecrated in the name of the holy chief apostles Peter and Paul. The consecration of the Temple took place in 1751-53.
As a result of the reconstruction of the 1860s, the church of Peter and Paul acquired a look that has survived to this day. The architecture of the temple was brought to the type of a three-part axial symmetrical composition "temple-porch-bell tower", the most common among the temples built in the patrimonial possessions of Russia of the era of classicism.
After the death of S.I. Gagarin's estate passed to his daughter M.S. Buturlina (second cousin of A.S. Pushkin). The sons who succeeded her in 1902 owned Yasenev until the revolution of 1917.
In 1924 the main house of the estate burned out, only the Baroque staircase has survived from it. In the 1930s, the temple, which was used as a state farm warehouse, was also closed. The painting of the church, dating back to the first half of the 19th century, has not been preserved.
In 1973-1976. the church was externally restored, crosses were erected on the temple and the bell tower. The water tower with a weather vane was restored, the manor house was almost recreated. The entire territory of the temple, enclosed by a fence, belonged to the car repair base and its warehouses.
In 1989 church of sts. app. Peter and Paul in Yasenevo with the house of the clergy returned to the Orthodox Church and transferred to the parish. The first rector of the temple was Archpriest Alexander Toropov. From February 1997 The temple became the Moscow Compound of the Holy Vvedensky Stauropegial Monastery of Optina Hermitage. Rector - Abbot Melchizedek (Artyukhin).
Shrines:
The church contains relics of St. app. Andrew the First-Called, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, St. vmts. Barbarians, St. vmts. Tatiana, St. vmts. Catherine, St. rights. Lazarus of the Four Days, St. Euthymius the Great, St. Gregory the Theologian, Besser. Cosmas and Damian, pervomuch. Stephen, app. Luke, St. vmch. and healer Panteleimon, St. Joasaph of Belgorod, martyr. Tryphon, prmts. led. book. Elizabeth and in. Barbarians, St. equal to ap. Mary Magdalene, St. Alexander Svirsky, St. Philaret of Moscow, St. Hilarion (Troitsky), St. Ambrose of Optina, St. Optina Elders: Leo, Macarius, Moses, Anthony, Hilarion, Anatoly "the Elder", Isaac I, Joseph, Barsanuphius, Anatoly "the Younger", Nectarius.
Source: website of Andreevsky deanery
The current temple was built in the Elizabethan Baroque style and consecrated in the name of the holy chief apostles Peter and Paul. The consecration of the Temple took place in 1751-53. The old wooden Church of the Sign was dismantled for dilapidation. Following the new church, a new baroque manor house began to be built, with a magnificently deployed front staircase leading directly to the mezzanine floor, and a wide ramp from the garden side. A regular park with alleys, ponds, pavilions and pavilions was laid out, so that everything as a whole made up a regularly planned palace and park ensemble of the estate. Death of F.A. Lopukhin in 1757 suspended construction. Work continued mainly in the regular garden with ponds. Lopukhin's widow Vera Borisovna did not part with Yasenev until the end. The village and the estate were inherited after her by her son, Vasily Feodorovich, married to A.P. Gagarina.
After centuries of ownership by the Lopukhins, the estate passed to the princes Gagarins. Documents testify that in 1812 the Yasenevsky landowner was Pavel Gavriilovich Gagarin, who equipped 23 peasant militias from Yasenev at his own expense, and he inherited the possession of his father Gabriel Petrovich in 1808.
On July 9, 1822, in the church of the village of Yaseneva, the wedding of Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya and Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, the parents of the writer Leo Tolstoy and his sister Maria Nikolaevna, a nun of the Shamorda Monastery (who ended her earthly life as schema nun Maria and was buried in the monastery cemetery) took place in the church of the village of Yaseneva. To celebrate the wedding, the young people went to the neighboring estate of Znamenskoye-Sadki, to the mother of the bride, Ekaterina Dimitrievna, the sister of the owner of the estate, Ivan Dimitrievich Trubetskoy. They came to the wedding from another Uzkoye estate, neighboring with Yasenev, its owners Tolstoy - relatives of the groom.
With the name of Prince S.I. Gagarin is connected with the acquisition by the Yasenevsky temple of its present form. Initially, the stone temple consisted of one (current eastern) cuboid volume of a cold central aisle. It was a pillarless cubic church of centric composition with an 8-sided drum cut through by 8 windows and crowned with a dome. The next step in the history of the construction of the temple was its two-stage reconstruction, carried out during the reign of Yasenev, Prince Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin.
In 1832, a warm (the church itself was cold) side chapel, with a separate entrance, was added to the church in honor of St. vmts. Barbarians - the heavenly patroness of the prince's wife, and the bell tower, directly adjoining the temple itself.
In 1860-61. another reconstruction was carried out, correcting the identified shortcomings of the previous one. Since the aisle church turned out to be fragile, and one wall slanted, the bell tower inside was greatly narrowed and in construction it was not proportional to the temple, and also to open the passage to the cold church and make the parishioners more comfortable, a petition was submitted to the Moscow Theological Consistory in the name of St. Philaret (Drozdov), Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna from the clergy of the Peter and Paul Church, its parishioners and the owner of the estate for permission to rebuild, or rather, rebuild the two-altar warm chapel, communicating with the cold church, and a new bell tower. Thrones in the chapel (refectory) were supposed to be consecrated in honor of St. vmts. Barbarians and Rev. Sergius of Radonezh - the heavenly patron of the owner, Prince Sergei Ivanovich. The request was granted, the project developed by the artist Kalugin was approved. But the construction stretched out in time, and was completed only in 1865, after the death of Sergei Ivanovich (which followed in 1862).
As a result of the reconstruction of the 1860s, the church of Peter and Paul acquired a look that has been preserved to this day. The architecture of the temple was brought to the type of a three-part axial symmetrical composition "temple-porch-bell tower", the most common among the temples built in the patrimonial possessions of Russia of the era of classicism.
In its final form, the temple had 3 altars: the central one in the name of the holy apostles Peter and Paul (the antimension was consecrated on February 26, 1826), the southern one in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh (the antimension was consecrated by St. Philaret (Drozdov), Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna on October 20, 1861, a particle of the holy relics of which is now in the temple), and the northern one in honor of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara (the antimension was consecrated by Bishop Nikolai of Dmitrovsky in 1832).
After the death of S.I. Gagarin's estate passed to his daughter M.S. Buturlina (second cousin of A.S. Pushkin). The sons who succeeded her in 1902 owned Yasenev until the revolution of 1917.
In 1924, the main house of the estate burned down, only the baroque staircase remained from it. In the 1930s, the temple, which was used as a state farm warehouse, was also closed. The painting of the church, dating back to the first half of the 19th century, has not been preserved.
In 1973-1976. the church was externally restored, crosses were erected on the temple and the bell tower. The water tower with a weather vane was restored, the manor house was almost recreated. The entire territory of the temple, enclosed by a fence, belonged to the car repair base and its warehouses.
In 1989, the church of Sts. app. Peter and Paul in Yasenevo with the house of the clergy returned to the Orthodox Church and transferred to the parish. The first rector of the temple was Archpriest Alexander Toropov. Since February 1997, the temple has become the Moscow Compound of the St. Vvedensky Stauropegial Monastery of Optina Hermitage. Rector - Abbot Melchizedek (Artyukhin).
The church contains relics of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, St. vmts. Barbarians, St. vmts. Tatiana, St. vmts. Catherine, St. rights. Lazarus of the Four Days, St. Euthymius the Great, St. Gregory the Theologian, Besser. Cosmas and Damian, pervomuch. Stephen, app. Luke, St. vmch. and healer Panteleimon, St. Joasaph of Belgorod, martyr. Tryphon, prmts. led. book. Elizabeth and in. Barbarians, St. equal to ap. Mary Magdalene, St. Alexander Svirsky, St. Philaret of Moscow, St. Hilarion (Troitsky), Rev. Ambrose of Optina (his memory is celebrated on October 10/23), the Venerable Optina Elders: Leo (Comm. 11/24 October), Macarius (Commemoration 7/20 September), Moses (Commemoration 16/29 June), Anthony (Commemoration 7/20 August ), Hilarion (Commemorated September 18/October 1), Anatoly the Elder (Commemorated January 25/February 7), Isaac I (Commemorated August 22/ September 4), Joseph (Commemorated 9/May 22), Barsanuphius (Commemorated 1/ April 14), Anatoly "the Younger" (July 30/August 12), Nectarios (April 29/May 12).
Manor Yasenevo XVII - XVIII centuries.
master's house
Manor Yasenevo XVII - XVIII centuries
Western wing
East wing
The bell ringing of the Church of Peter and Paul announces to all visitors about the approach to one of the most ancient settlements of the Moscow region - Yasenevo. Here, on the border of the capital, the Yasenevo estate is located.
Lopukhins, Beloselsky-Belozersky, Gagarins and Buturlins - representatives of these well-known princely families once owned the estate.
The Church of Peter and Paul is famous for the fact that on July 9, 1822, the parents of Leo Tolstoy, Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy and Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, got married here.
Bitsevsky Park is famous throughout Moscow, on the territory of which the cascade of manor ponds was located, for this period only two have survived. The refreshing greenery of the forest is strongly felt in the suffocating metropolis, which is why Bitsevsky Park has become a favorite vacation spot for Muscovites.
Currently, starting from 1995, the estate is being reconstructed, which, unfortunately, included only cosmetic repairs. The territory of the estate is surrounded by a fence, no restoration work is visible at all. Alas, the situation is unlikely to change in the near future.
The history of the name of the estate Yasenevo
The name Yasenevo arose not at all because there was supposedly an ash grove here. Like the names of many other estates near Moscow, it is possessive in nature, therefore, in this case, Yasen (Yasin) is a male name, by analogy with such names as Iva, Aspen, Bereza. That was the name of one of the first owners of this area, who, according to legend, he was the key keeper of Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky and one of his killers (there is a version that Yasin came from the Caucasus and his name is an indication of his nationality). At various times, the former possessions of Yasenya were called Yasenye, Yasinovskoye, Yasenevskoye, Yasinovo. Yasnevo and, finally, transformed into the familiar Yasenevo, now also the name of the entire region. Like Cheryomushki, Yasenevo is associated with modern buildings, but of a later time - the 1970s.
Story
Yasenevo is one of the most ancient settlements of the Moscow region. N.M. Karamzin assumed that it was mentioned as early as 1206 in one of the chronicles when describing the strife of the specific princes: "Sretosha and brothers at Yasenev", but the first documented owner of Yasenev is the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan Danilovich Kalita (d. 1341 ). It is mentioned around 1339 in one of his spiritual letters, that is, a will. Until the end of the XVI century. Yasenevo belonged to the descendants of Kalita, including Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible (Ivan IV), who in a fit of anger killed his eldest son, Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich, to whom this village was bequeathed, which later shared the fate of all the numerous royal possessions.
Judging by the fact that Yasenevo has long been listed as a village, wooden churches were periodically built in it, replacing one another, but their dedications are unknown. During the reign of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in Yasenevo, a wooden church of Sophia and her daughters Faith, Hope and Lyubov was built - in 1628-1629. in the salary books of the Patriarchal State Order, it is listed as "newly arrived", that is, just built. Later, the tsar gave this village to a certain Ananya - the youngest son of his confessor, Archpriest Maxim of the Annunciation Cathedral. This Ananya was one of the close associates of his wife, Tsaritsa Evdokia Lukyanovna, repeatedly received expensive gifts from her, perhaps Yasenevo was granted to him at the request of the tsarina in connection with his marriage in 1631. As the owner of this village, Ananya is mentioned in a document of 1635-1636.
Yasenevo briefly stayed with Ananya, returned to the treasury, but was soon presented to another successful courtier - the boyar and butler prince Alexei Mikhailovich Lvov (d. 1655). Under him, in the census book of 1646, in the village, a “boyar yard” is documented, i.e. manor, horse and cattle yards. The church, apparently the one that was built under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, is called somewhat differently than before: The Signs of the Virgin with two aisles: Nicholas the Wonderworker and Sophia and her daughters. A.M. Lvov built with her "a bell tower on poles, for five bells."
A.M. Lvov did not have any heirs; the royal village, which belonged to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. In 1674, a new wooden cult building was built in Yasenevo, replacing the previous one. It, in turn, consisted of two churches: the upper Sign of the Virgin, completed with a tent and the lower Sophia with her daughters. In addition, another tent had a chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. In the village there are peasant huts, a "sovereign's volennik" yard, two yards of gardeners and "26 peasant yards, the same people, they also have children and brothers and nephews and grandchildren and sons-in-law and shuryas and stepchildren and 62 people," which speaks of that Yasenevo was one of the largest villages in the Moscow region.
In 1690, Peter I granted rich Yasenevo to his father-in-law boyar Fedor (Illarion) Avraamovich (Abramovich) Lopukhin (d. 1713). Since his brother Ivan Alekseevich (Ivan V) was still alive then, he also signed a letter of commendation for Yasenevo received by F.A. , and great-grandchildren, and motionless in their families; and in that patrimony, he, our boyar Fedor Avraamovich, and his children, and grandchildren, and great-grandchildren, according to our royal charter, are free to sell and pledge and give as dowries; and in the monasteries of that patrimony don't give away."
The tower, located on the church plot north of the church, was built in the 1970s. restorers. There is no documentary basis for its construction. Opposite the entrance to the church there is an unimpressive two-story brick building, most likely dating back to the middle of the 19th century. In local history literature and on state protection, it is listed as the house of the clergy. However, according to Yasenev's inventory, compiled in 1901 when insuring the estate in the Moscow branch of the first Russian insurance company, this building contained "people's rooms of the horse yard", and it itself, as part of the horse yard, was connected by fences with its other buildings that stood along the perimeter, and forming a closed space.
In the certificate of the Moscow Theological Consistory of 1861, it is noted that "... there are no buildings that belonged to this church […]"). In addition, it is documented that local clergy had their own houses in the village. The former deacon's house, which remained vacant after the abolition of the deacon's vacancy in the early 1870s. was bought by a member of the Moscow Society of Art Lovers, collegiate assessor V.S. Raich, the owner of a "photographic establishment" in Denezhny Lane. It is known that since 1871, V.S. Raich worked as a photographer in the village of Mazilovo, not far from Kuntsevo, which was then a popular dacha area, which ensured the flow of clients. Despite this, Rajic's photographic work is not common. "People's rooms" before the transfer of the patriarchy was occupied by a music school. Now they and the church are the courtyard of the Kaluga Optina Pustyn.
The fence surrounding a large area allocated to the farmstead was erected only in the 1990s. Its construction, in violation of the legislation on the protection of monuments, destroyed the northern part of the access road to the estate from Novoyasenevsky Prospekt, which ran between the church and the clergy's house. Therefore, now the prospect of the estate from the side of the avenue is blocked. The road leading to the main manor buildings makes a big turn around the boundaries of the farmstead, and only then does its historical part begin. At this turn, a one-story stable building has been preserved, which does not have an exact date, but its material, white stone, testifies to the antiquity of the building. The stable appears on all plans of Yasenev, starting from the earliest -1766, and, therefore, is a building of the middle of the 18th century. Currently, the stable is used for its intended purpose, which is extremely rare. A small area next to it is fenced for riding.
The main buildings of the estate, closing the perspective of the access road, look more than unpresentable, due to the restoration that has been going on for many years and has not been completed. The Baroque manor's house and the outbuildings, connected by a fence, forming a single ensemble with the house, but decorated more restrained, were built in Yasenevo almost simultaneously with the church in the middle of the 18th century.
In the first third of the XIX century. under the Gagarins, the estate was rebuilt: the outbuilding was supplemented with mezzanines and classicist porticos with columns, a belvedere tower appeared on the manor house, etc. You can get a detailed idea of the main manor building using the same insurance inventory of 1901. According to her, “a stone house covered with iron on two floors with a mezzanine outside is plastered inside, the lower floor is with vaults, there are pantries and a kitchen with a Russian stove and a hearth, on the second floor and mezzanine [belvedere - M.K.] Dutch tiled stoves, walls glued with wallpaper, the floors are parquet oak and pine and pine, painted window frames, doors and stairs to the mezzanine are pine and painted, fixtures [door and window - M.K.] are copper and iron. floor and on the second floor there are two balconies: one wooden, the other stone with six stone plastered columns and with it a stone ramp for descending into the garden. ".
In this form, without significant changes, Yasenevo existed until the fire of 1924. “This estate no longer exists, it left a few years before the death of Vladimir Vasilyevich [Zgura]. Here one remembers an old house with features of the Elizabethan baroque in the bushes of flowering lilacs, a regular French park with trees I didn’t have to go there again to rent this amazingly beautiful estate," A.N. 1927 earthquakes
The ruins of the main building began to be dismantled in the early 1930s. - because At that time, the building of a rest house was supposed to be built on this site. Perhaps the presence of a well-known sanatorium located in Uzkoy in the neighborhood played a certain role here. Soon this idea died, as later the construction of a zoo in the vicinity of Yasenev, but only the basement and the basement, which was used as a vegetable store, partially survived from the former master's house. The wing until the demolition of the village of Yasenevo were residential. The fence between them was restored only in the second half of the 1970s.
At the same time, according to the project of architects G.K. (plastered only in 1995). Since Baroque estates are quite rare, the restorers found it tempting to obtain, i.e. actually rebuild another one. In accordance with this plan, the original mezzanines and porticos of the outbuildings were demolished.
Since there were not enough materials to reliably recreate the second floor of the house, analogues were used: the manor houses in Glinka, Lopasna and other places. The white-stone decor was replaced by special concrete. Similar "extensions" were made when recreating other parts of the building: instead of vaults in the side wings, flat reinforced concrete ceilings were arranged, the shapes of the dormer windows, the parapet over the central risalit and the chimneys were borrowed from St. etc... Nevertheless, this example of a pseudo-restoration "cranberry", typical of our time, has the status of an architectural monument and is under state protection.
There was also a second project, more reliable: to restore the building as it was in the 19th - early 20th centuries, but it was rejected. As a result, the historical and cultural environment of Yasenev of that time was irretrievably lost. Unfortunately, when making the decision, the modern town-planning situation of the estate was not taken into account. Its surroundings are built up from the north, south and west with new panel houses, and the overgrown park almost completely covers the view of the remake, while the belvedere that rose above the trees at least indicated its place - it was not for nothing that Yasenevo was visible from a sufficient distance before the fire.
The purpose of recreating the manor house of the Yasenev estate was only to use it as a warehouse for building materials, now owned by the state restoration association "RESMA".
Unfortunately, the restoration work in Yasenev has not been completed, so the estate is surrounded by construction fences and temporary structures, which made this rare example of a rather early period of estate construction unattractive. From the west, south and east, the main estate buildings of Yasenev are surrounded by an old park, in the forest. Back in the 1920s. it was an excellent example of French regular plantings, but by now it is heavily overgrown and neglected. The park has partially preserved alleys, groups and individual specimens of old trees, incl. oak, about which there is a legend that Peter I liked to sit under it. Obviously, this oak is mentioned in the diary of M.P. "Znamenskoye society" "...rested on the" sad lawn "between three alleys in front of the Yasenevsky pond under an old branchy oak."
Several more large specimens of pedunculate oak grow along the fence surrounding the so-called wooden "cottage Kollontai", located southeast of the main buildings of the estate. A long linden alley leads from them to the east towards the forest. Once it ended with a gazebo. Alleys also run along the perimeter of the park. Of the chain of ponds that limit the territory of Yasenev from the west, from the side of the former village, only one is in a more or less decent form. To the south of the manor house, an open parterre has been partially preserved. An alley leads from it towards Znamensky-Sadkov, the modern continuation of which is Inessa Armand Street (until 1987, part of Solovyyny Proyezd). The remains of the alley are preserved on the "green island" in the middle of its roadway. On the plan of 1766, it was this road that was named as the road from the village of Yasenev to the mill, located approximately in the area of the Moscow ring road, the laying of which cut off its southern part from Yasenev.
Even in the 1st half of the twentieth century. the now overgrown Yasenev Park left a completely different impression. “Perhaps, each Russian estate is associated in memory with certain flowers. In Ershov, these are forget-me-nots, in Ostafyev and Belkin, watersheds, in Yasenevo, lilac,” recalled A.N. ponds falling in terraces, bearing on their mirror-like surface the fragrant petals of showered flowers. It is true that for an endless number of years these lilac thickets have grown shoot from shoot, perhaps basically contemporary with the ancient lindens of the park. Old, hollow trees, as if ready to fall apart under by the weight of their branches and crowns, they form regular alleys diverging with a geometric pattern, typically French in their park layout.But it is precisely in the free growth of these regular plantings that the peculiar charm of ancient Russian parks lies, that unforeseen appearance by their decorators, which so captivates after more than a century of them life."
As a characteristic feature of the once characteristic of Yasenev, we note the presence of a large greenhouse economy that existed at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries and, most likely, was unprofitable. Next to the western wing is the foundation of the greenhouse building, which is listed on the state guard along with the house and outbuildings as an allegedly existing building.
With abbreviations
Yasenevo - a former village that became part of Moscow in 1960. It was located on the territory of the modern Yasenevo district, in the South-Western administrative district.
For the first time, Yasenevo is found in documents in the 14th century as the property of Prince Ivan Kalita “the village of Yasinovskoye”.
On the territory of the modern Yasenevo district there were historically 4 settlements: Uzkoye, Yasenevo, Bolshoye Golubino and Maloye Golubino. Of the noble estates located in them, two were partially preserved: Uzkoye and Yasenevo. The main street of the village of Yasenevo was located approximately along the route of the modern Paustovsky street.
From time immemorial, the town of Yasenevo has attracted the most distinguished persons and religious figures. And the fact that a beautiful church in the name of Peter and Paul grew up in this village, the age of which today is about 7 centuries, was a regularity.
The Church of Peter and Paul in Yasenevo was consecrated in honor of the holy apostles in 1753. But this does not mean that before that there was no church here. The village of Yasinovskoye was indicated in the will of Ivan Kalita in 1331 as part of the inheritance of his son Andrey.
As you know, in the old days the village differed from the village by the presence of a church (there were no temples in the villages). Consequently, the church in Yasenevo existed as early as the 14th century.
The town was owned by Prince Vasily II, nicknamed Dark, and his three sons. Then Yasenevo passed to the tsars and was owned by Ivan the Terrible, Boris Godunov, Alexei Mikhailovich and, finally, Peter I.
Over time, the village of Yasenevo grows and grows richer and for good reason becomes an enviable legacy (numerous documents prove that at that time it was almost the largest place in the then suburbs of Moscow).
When Peter I married Evdokia Lopukhina, it was Yasenevo that he presented to her father as a gift. Although, in fact, the brother of Evdokia Abraham, and then his son Theodore, became the owner of the village.
Since 1733, Feodor Lopukhin intended to build a new one in stone on the site of a dilapidated wooden church, about which he repeatedly petitioned the queen.
Only in 1751 Elizaveta Petrovna issued a decree on the construction of the temple.
The new church was consecrated in the name of the apostles Peter and Paul. It was made in the style of the Elizabethan (late) Baroque.
A magnificent manor house was erected nearby, also in the Baroque style, a park, gardens, and ponds were laid out. Yasenevo amazed with its magnificence.
The village has seen many famous people. Since the beginning of the XIX century. the owners were the princes Gagarins, who made acquaintance with writers, artists, philosophers - Denis Davydov, V. Zhukovsky, Pletnev, Odoevsky, Krylov, Vyazemsky, A.S. Pushkin, Tyutchev, Chadayev, Turgenev.
On July 9, 1822, in the church of the village of Yasenev, the wedding of Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya and Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, the parents of the writer Leo Tolstoy, took place.
The Church of Peter and Paul in Yasenevo was closed in the 1930s. The local state farm used it as a warehouse.
As a result of the terrible treatment of the building, the wall paintings were completely lost, although the exterior of the church was restored in the 1970s.
In 1997, the Patriarch, by his decree, transferred the Yasenevsky Church of Peter and Paul to the St. Vvedensky Stauropegial Monastery of Optina Pustyn as a courtyard. Now buses for pilgrims run from here to the Desert.
Priest Daniil Sysoev served in this church from 2001 to 2005. I consider this person one of my earthly Teachers. Father Daniel was shot on November 19, 2009 by a Muslim killer right on the altar in his church of the Apostle Thomas on Kantemirovskaya. And they buried him here, in the church of Peter and Paul in Yasenevo.
The Peter and Paul Church in Yasenevo is located at the address: Moscow, Novoyasenevsky Prospekt, 42 (Novoyasenevskaya metro station).
This temple is one of my three favorite churches in Moscow.
Fais se que dois adviegne que peut.
The Church of the Holy Primate Apostles Peter and Paul in Yasenevo since February 1997 has been the Moscow metochion of the St. Vvedensky Stauropegial Monastery of Optina Hermitage.
The history of the temple in Yasenevo dates back to ancient times. The first known mention of the village dates back to the 14th century. In all documents, the property is referred to as a village, which means that there was a temple in it. Thus, the history of the church and its parish spans at least 7 centuries.
The first historical information and documents describing the church date back to the beginning of the 17th century, when Yasenevo still remained a palace village. It attracted the attention of Patriarch Filaret (Romanov), the father of Mikhail Feodorovich, newly elected to the kingdom. By decision of the Patriarch in 1626, a wooden church was built here in the name of Sts. mcc. Faith, Hope, Love and their mother Sophia, in 1674 a new two-story church of the Sign of the Most Holy Theotokos was erected next to the old one.
The current church building was erected in 1751-1753 in the Elizabethan (late) Baroque style and consecrated in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. The owner of the village then was Feodor Avraamovich Lopukhin 1767, grandson of the boyar Fedor (Illarion) Abramovich Lopukhin, father-in-law of Tsar Peter I, son of Abram Fedorovich Lopukhin, who was executed on November 9, 1718 in the case of Tsarevich Alexei, under him, the Yasenevo estate was built near the temple and a park was laid out with alleys and ponds.
On July 9, 1822, in the church of the village of Yasenev, the wedding of Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya and Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, the parents of the writer Leo Tolstoy, took place.
During the reign of Yasenev, Prince Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin, the temple was reconstructed. In 1832, a warm side chapel was added to it in honor of St. vmts. Varvara (heavenly patroness of the prince's wife) and the bell tower. In 1860-1865, another reconstruction was carried out, correcting the shortcomings of the previous one. As a result, the Church of Peter and Paul acquired a look that has been preserved to our time: the architecture of the temple was brought to the type of a three-part axial symmetrical composition "temple-porch-bell tower", the most common among the churches of Russia of the era of classicism.
The temple had 3 altars: the central one in honor of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (the antimension was consecrated on February 26, 1826), the south one in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh (the antimension was consecrated by St. Philaret (Drozdov) on October 20, 1861), and the north one in honor of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara (the antimension was consecrated Bishop Nikolai of Dmitrovsky in 1832).
In the 1930s, the temple, which by that time had already been used as a state farm warehouse, was closed (the painting of the temple was not preserved). In 1973-1976 it was externally restored, crosses were erected on the temple and the bell tower. At the same time, the entire territory of the temple, enclosed by a fence, belonged to an auto repair base and its warehouses.
In 1989, the temple with the house of the clergy were transferred to the Orthodox community; parish was established. The first rector of the temple was Archpriest Alexander Toropov.
Since February 1997, the temple has been transferred to the Moscow courtyard of the Vvedensky stauropegial monastery Optina Pustyn.
On November 23, 2009, the funeral of priest Daniil Sysoev, who was killed on November 20, took place in the temple. The funeral service was led by Archbishop Arseniy of Istra. At the end of the funeral service, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia performed a memorial service at the coffin of the deceased.
Divine services in the temple are performed daily according to the following schedule: on Saturday the All-Night Vigil at 5 pm, on Sunday and the Twelfth Feasts two Liturgies: early - at 7:00 (hours and confession at 6:30), late - at 10:00 (hours and confession at 9:30), on Sunday evening, at 17:00 - a prayer service for the sick with an akathist in a singsong voice, at the end - a Sunday conversation about the foundations of the Orthodox faith. Monday at 7:30 - Matins, Hours, Liturgy. On other days: Liturgy - at 8:00 (hours and confession at 7:30), evening Divine Liturgy - at 17:00.
The church has a Sunday school, a brotherhood for helping prisoners, a patronage service, and a library of Orthodox literature. A children's choir participates in the festive services. In the nearby (m. "Konkovo") nursing home (Boarding house No. 6 of labor veterans) there is an ascribed church of the Resurrection of Christ, in which, since 1997, the priests of the church of Sts. app. Peter and Paul in Yasenevo hold divine services weekly. On the territory of the Temple, from 9:00 to 19:00, the Monastic and Church shops are open daily.
Rector - Abbot Melchizedek (Artyukhin)
Priest Nikolai Nenarokov
Hieromonk Zosima (Vetrov)
Priest Alexy Sysoev
Priest Alexander Mishin
Priest Alexy Ishkov
Deacon Gennady Kondrashov
Orthodox Church of the Paraskevo-Pyatnitsky Deanery of the Moscow City Diocese. Compound of the Svyato-Vvedenskaya Optina Hermitage.
The temple is located in the Yasenevo district, the Southwestern administrative district of Moscow.
The main throne is consecrated in honor of the holy apostles Peter and Paul; aisles in honor of the Great Martyr Barbara, in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh. The side throne was consecrated in honor of the Icon of the Mother of God "The Sign".
Story
In the former village of Yasenevo (which has been mentioned since the 14th century as a village, that is, there was already a temple in it) there were several Orthodox churches: in 1626 a wooden church was built here in the name of Sts. mcc. Faith, Hope, Love and their mother Sophia, in 1674 a new two-story church of the Sign of the Most Holy Theotokos was erected next to the old one.
The current church building was erected in 1751-1753 in the Elizabethan (late) Baroque style and consecrated in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. The owner of the village then was Feodor Avraamovich Lopukhin († 1767; grandson of the boyar Fedor (Illarion) Abramovich Lopukhin, father-in-law of Tsar Peter I, son of Abram Fedorovich Lopukhin, who was executed on November 9, 1718 in the case of Tsarevich Alexei); under him, the Yasenevo estate was built near the temple and a park with alleys and ponds was laid out.
A. Savin, CC BY-SA 3.0Initially, the stone temple consisted of one (current eastern) cuboid volume of a cold central aisle, with an 8-sided drum cut through by 8 windows and crowned with a dome.
On July 9, 1822, in the church of the village of Yasenev, the wedding of Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya and Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, the parents of the writer Leo Tolstoy, took place.
During the reign of Prince Yasenev, the temple was reconstructed. In 1832, a warm side chapel was added to it in honor of St. vmts. Varvara (heavenly patroness of the prince's wife) and the bell tower. In 1860-1865, another reconstruction was carried out, correcting the shortcomings of the previous one. As a result, the Church of Peter and Paul acquired a look that has been preserved to our time: the architecture of the temple was brought to the type of a three-part axial symmetrical composition "temple-porch-bell tower", the most common among the churches of Russia of the era of classicism.
The temple had 3 altars: the central one in honor of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (the antimension was consecrated on February 26, 1826), the south one in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh (the antimension was consecrated by St. Philaret (Drozdov) on October 20, 1861), and the north one in honor of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara (the antimension was consecrated Bishop Nikolai of Dmitrovsky in 1832).
In the 1930s, the temple, which by that time had already been used as a state farm warehouse, was closed (the painting of the temple was not preserved). In 1973-1976 it was externally restored, crosses were erected on the temple and the bell tower. At the same time, the entire territory of the temple, enclosed by a fence, belonged to an auto repair base and its warehouses.
Other cities , Public Domain In 1989, the temple with the house of the clergy were transferred to the Orthodox community; parish was established. The first rector of the temple was Archpriest Alexander Toropov.
Since February 1997, the temple has been transferred to the Moscow courtyard of the Vvedensky stauropegial monastery Optina Pustyn. Restoration and restoration work continues in the temple: two side chapels have been restored, the installation of a new carved oak central iconostasis is nearing completion, most of the icons have been painted. However, the temple also needs to replace the entire foundation, which, under the influence of groundwater, was completely destroyed.
On November 23, 2009, the funeral of priest Daniil Sysoev, who was killed on November 20, took place in the temple. The funeral rite was led by Archbishop Arseniy of Istra, and deans of the city of Moscow and many representatives of the Moscow clergy took part in the service. The area near the temple was filled with believers who watched the farewell ceremony on a large screen installed next to the temple. The farewell was broadcast live on the RIA Novosti website, the Spas TV channel and on the Patriarchy.ru portal. At the end of the funeral service, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia performed a memorial service at the coffin of the deceased.
At present, the church has a Sunday school, a brotherhood for helping prisoners, a patronage service, a library of Orthodox literature, and a monastery and church shop.
Also, the temple organized the systematic dispatch of food and clothing parcels to prisoners.