To meet the heating needs of residents of high-rise buildings, district heating systems are well suited. District heating involves the transfer of the heated coolant from the boiler room through the network of insulated pipes connected to the multi-storey building. Centralized boiler houses have sufficient efficiency and make it possible to combine low operating costs and acceptable indicators of heat supply efficiency multi-storey buildings.
But in order for the efficiency of central heating to be at the proper level, the heating scheme in an apartment building is drawn up by professionals in their field - heating engineers. The fundamental principles by which a house heating scheme is designed are to achieve maximum heating efficiency with minimum cost resources.
Contractors and builders are interested in providing apartment owners with a reliable and efficient heating system, so there are many heating schemes. storey building is developed taking into account the actual cost of heating resources, indicators of the heat output of heating devices, their energy efficiency and optimal sequence connections to the loop.
Any heating scheme apartment building radically different from the method and sequence of connecting heating devices in private houses. It has a more complex structure and guarantees that even in severe frosts, residents of apartments on all floors will be provided with warmth and will not face such troubles as airborne radiators, cold spots, leaks, water hammer and frozen walls.
A well-designed heating system for an apartment building, a scheme for which is developed individually, guarantees that optimal conditions will be maintained inside the apartments.
In particular, the temperature in winter will be at the level of 20-22 degrees, and the relative humidity will be about 40%. To achieve such indicators, not only the basic heating scheme is important, but also the high-quality insulation of apartments, which prevents heat from escaping to the street through the cracks in the walls, roof and window openings.
Scheme development
On initial stage heating specialists are working on the development of the heating scheme, who carry out a number of calculations and achieve the same indicators of the efficiency of the heating system on all floors of the building. They draw up an axonometric diagram of the heating system, which is used later by installers. Calculations performed correctly by specialists guarantee that the designed heating system will be characterized by the optimal coolant pressure, which will not lead to water hammer and interruptions in operation.
Inclusion in the heating circuit of the elevator unit
The scheme of the central heating of an apartment building prepared by heating engineers assumes that a coolant of an acceptable temperature will be supplied to the radiators located in the apartment. However, leaving the boiler room, the water temperature can exceed 100 degrees. To achieve cooling of the heat carrier by mixing cold water, the return line and the supply line are connected by an elevator unit.
A reasonable heating elevator layout allows the unit to perform a number of functions. Main function the unit is directly involved in the heat exchange process, since the hot coolant, getting into it, is dosed and mixed with the injected coolant from the return. As a result, the unit allows you to achieve optimal results in matters of mixing the hot coolant from the boiler room and cooled water from the return. After that, the prepared coolant optimal temperature served in apartments.
Design features of the circuit
An effective heating system in an apartment building, the scheme of which requires competent calculations, also implies the use of many other structural elements. Right after elevator unit special valves are integrated into the heating system that regulate the supply of the coolant. They help control the heating process of the entire house and individual entrances, but only employees of the service utilities have access to these devices.
In the heating circuit, in addition to heat valves, more sensitive devices are used to regulate and adjust heating.
We are talking about devices that increase the productivity of the heating system and allow you to achieve maximum automation of the heating process at home. These are devices such as collectors, thermostats, automation, heat meters, etc.
Piping layout
While heating technicians are discussing optimal scheme heating the house with central heating, the question of competent piping in the house is raised. In modern multi-storey buildings a heating wiring diagram can be implemented according to one of two possible patterns.
One pipe connection
The first template provides one pipe connection with top or bottom wiring and is the most used option when equipping multi-storey buildings with heating devices. At the same time, the location of the return and supply is not strictly regulated and may vary depending on external conditions - the region in which the house is built, its layout, number of storeys and construction. The direct direction of movement of the coolant along the risers can also change. The option of movement of heated water in the direction from bottom to top or top to bottom is provided.
Is different simple installation, affordable cost, reliability and long service life, however, it also has a number of drawbacks. Among them, the loss of temperature of the coolant during movement along the contour and low efficiency indicators.
In practice, can be used various devices in order to compensate for the shortcomings in which a single-pipe heating scheme differs, the radiant system can become an effective solution to the problem. It is designed to use a manifold to help regulate temperature conditions.
Two-pipe connection
The two-pipe connection is the second version of the template. The two-pipe heating scheme of a five-story building (as an example) is devoid of the disadvantages described above, and differs in a completely different design than a one-pipe one. When implementing this scheme, the heated water from the radiator does not move to the next heating device in the contour, but immediately falls into check valve and goes to the boiler room for heating. Thus, it is possible to avoid the loss of temperature of the coolant circulating along the circuit multi-storey building.
The complexity of the connection, which the heating batteries in the apartment assume, makes the implementation of this type of heating a long and laborious process that requires large material and physical costs. Maintenance of the system is also not cheap, but the high cost is compensated by high-quality and uniform heating of the house on all floors.
Among the benefits that two-pipe scheme connecting heating batteries, it is worth highlighting the possibility of installation on each radiator in the circuit special device- heat meter. It allows you to control the temperature of the coolant in the battery, and using it in the apartment, the owner will achieve significant results in terms of saving money on payment utilities, because he will be able to independently regulate the heating if necessary.
Connecting radiators to the system
After the method of piping has been selected, heating batteries are connected to the circuit, the circuit regulates the connection procedure and the type of radiators used. At this stage, the heating scheme for a three-story building will not be fundamentally different from the heating scheme for a high-rise building.
Since the central heating system is characterized by stable operation, versatility and has an acceptable ratio of temperature and pressure of the coolant, the connection diagram for heating radiators in an apartment may imply the use of batteries from various metals... In multi-storey buildings, cast iron, bimetallic, aluminum and can be used, which will complement the central heating system and provide apartment owners with the opportunity to live in comfortable temperature conditions.
The final stage of work
On the last stage the radiators are connected, while their inner diameter and the volume of the sections is calculated taking into account the type of supply and the cooling rate of the coolant. Since centralized heating is a complex system of interconnected components, it is quite difficult to replace radiators or repair jumpers in a particular apartment, because the dismantling of any element can cause interruptions in the heat supply of the entire house.
Therefore, apartment owners using for heating central heating, it is not recommended to independently carry out any manipulations with the radiators and the piping system, since the slightest interference may turn to a serious problem.
In general, a well-designed, productive heating scheme for a residential apartment building allows you to achieve good performance in matters of heat supply and heating.
Owning an apartment in the city is a luxury item. It is also comfort and coziness for its owners, since city apartment is the most common place to live among modern city dwellers. It should be noted that an important role in creating a comfortable environment in such an apartment is good system heating. The heating scheme of a multi-storey building is very important detail for any person.
In modern life, such a scheme has many design differences from conventional ways heating. Therefore, heating schemes for a three-story house and more guarantee effective heating of the walls even in the most unpredictable weather.
Features of heating an apartment in a multi-storey building
Having carefully read the instructions for the heating scheme for a multi-storey building, you can make sure that all norms and requirements must be followed without fail.
Any apartment should have adequate heating, which raises the air temperature up to 22 degrees and keeps the humidity in the room within 40%.
The scheme of the heating system of an apartment building provides for its competent installation, due to which it is possible to achieve such temperature and humidity. 
In the process of designing such a heating scheme, highly qualified specialists should be invited who can qualitatively calculate all the necessary aspects for work. They must ensure that uniform pressure of the coolant is maintained in the pipes. This pressure should be the same on both the first and the last floor.
Main feature modern system heating a multi-storey building is manifested in the work on overheated water. This coolant comes from the CHP and has a very high temperature - 150C with a pressure of up to 10 atmospheres. Steam is generated in the pipes due to the fact that the pressure in them increases greatly, which also contributes to the transfer of heated water to the last houses of the high-rise building. Also heating circuit panel house assumes a considerable return temperature of 70C. In warm and cold seasons, the water temperature can vary greatly, therefore exact values will depend solely on the characteristics of the environment.
As you know, the temperature of the coolant in the pipes, which are installed in a multi-storey building, reaches 130C. But the batteries are so hot modern apartments it simply does not exist, but all due to the fact that there is a supply line through which the heated water passes, and the line is connected to the return by means of a special jumper called the "elevator unit".
The heating system of a multi-storey building, the scheme, which is the most effective, should in any case provide for the presence of an elevator unit.
Such a scheme has many features, since such a node is designed to perform certain functions. The heat carrier with a high temperature must enter the elevator unit, which performs the main function of heat exchange. Water reaches high temperature and with the help high pressure passes through the elevator in order to inject the heating medium from the return. In parallel, water from the pipeline is also fed to recirculation, which takes place in the heating system.
Such a 5-storey building is the most effective, therefore it is actively installed in modern multi-storey buildings.
This is how heating in an apartment building looks like, the scheme of which provides for the presence of an elevator unit. On it you can see many valves that play an important role in heating and uniform heat supply.
As a rule, such valves can be adjusted manually without any problems. But the adjustment of valves, as a rule, is done only by highly qualified specialists who work in public services.
When installing heating in an apartment building, the scheme should also provide for the presence of such valves at all possible points so that in the event of an accident, the flow can be shut off hot water or turn down the pressure. This is also facilitated by various collectors and other equipment that works in automatic mode. Therefore, this technique provides greater heating performance and efficiency of its supply to the last floors.
A large number of multi-storey buildings have one-pipe systems heating, which involve bottom wiring. It is worth noting that the design of the high-rise building itself and many other aspects that can affect the heating scheme are also taken into account.
Depending on these aspects, the coolant can be supplied both from the top to the bottom and from the bottom to the top. Some houses have special risers that act as a supplier of hot water upward and cold water downward. Therefore, in many apartments they install cast iron batteries which are very resistant to temperature extremes.
A significant part of residential and utility rooms centrally heated, despite the variety of other options. First of all, heating schemes for multi-storey buildings are relevant for the construction of entire neighborhoods and small settlements... One boiler house is capable of providing heat to a large number of objects.
Benefits of centralized networks
A distinctive feature of such systems is the location of boiler equipment in separate building... The delivery of the coolant is carried out through pipelines that are laid directly down the street to each facility.
Such networks are not arranged with their own hands, since the volume of work carried out is very large.
- Any heating scheme for a multi-storey building is well thought out by specialists, so serious failures are rare.
- The operation of such systems is usually carried out on fuel, the price of which is low.
- The centralized heating network is usually served by special services, which means that there is no need for performance monitoring.
- With this option, it is not required to place the boiler within the dwelling, which saves space.
Note!
As for the disadvantages, they include the functioning of the system according to a certain schedule and the inability to carry out individual settings. temperature regime.
Approximate system structure
Centralized heating in terms of the device practically does not differ from autonomous systems. However, the cross-section of the pipelines in this case is much larger, and the equipment installed in the boiler room is much more complicated.
- Large and small boiler houses, as well as special thermal power plants act as a heating source.... In the first case, the coolant acquires a predetermined temperature directly during fuel combustion. Alternatively, the heat is supplied by steam. In addition, thermal power plants are capable of generating electricity.
- Using a network of pipelines, the coolant is transported to objects... The diameter of the input and output elements usually reaches 1000 mm. As for the laying, it can be done both above ground and underground.
- Heating equipment provides an opportunity to transfer heat to the premises... They act as the main devices. They are installed in heated rooms.
Reference!
One thermal power plant (CHP) makes it possible to replace several small boiler houses, in connection with this, construction costs are reduced.
In addition, a considerable area is freed up.
Basic classification methods
Any scheme of the heating system of a multi-storey building can belong to one or another category. The classification of centralized systems can be carried out according to several criteria. You can familiarize yourself with them in more detail by reading the information below.
Depending on the type of heat carrier
- Liquid networks are most widely used for heating multi-storey buildings... They allow you to deliver the coolant over long distances without a sharp deterioration in quality characteristics.
- Steam systems are used much less frequently, but still occur. They allow smaller diameters to be produced. This option is mainly used where steam is required.
Based on the connection method
- Independent networks involve heating the coolant in a special heat exchanger.
- Dependent systems imply the provision of heat directly through the pipeline branches.
More about the device
In order to heat an apartment building centrally, it must be connected to a heating route that runs from a CHP or boiler house. For this, inlet valves for heating units are made in the main pipeline.
Immediately after the shut-off elements, mud collectors are installed, which are necessary for the precipitation of salts and metal oxides. Thanks to these devices, you can extend the operating period.
Tips for hot water are made directly in the house circuit. After them, the main unit should be located - the heating elevator.
System wiring
Typically, a heating scheme in an apartment building assumes the presence of one supply pipe with a bottom or top filling. It can diverge into a certain number of branches, which are directed into the building from the basement or attic.
With the lower wiring, the pairs of risers are combined using special jumpers located in the attic or on the top floor. An air vent must be installed at the top point.
Heating system with top filling implies installation on the technical floor expansion tank with an air vent. The valves are used to cut off each riser from the general network.
The correct slope during the installation of pipelines makes it possible to drain the coolant when opening the air vents.
The top-flow branch has some peculiarities.
- The temperature of the heating devices decreases with the movement of the coolant down, therefore, it will be lower on the lower floors. It is possible to compensate for heat losses by installing additional sections of radiators.
- Starting the system is quite simple, because for normal operation you only need to open special valves, as well as air vents for a certain time.
- Draining the coolant from the risers is somewhat complicated, since you first have to overlap on the technical floor. Only then does the reset open.
Important!
The heating system of multi-storey buildings is adjusted by changing the diameter of the elevator nozzle.
That is, when its size changes, the heating level increases or decreases.
Optimization process
When the coolant is delivered from the source to the heating devices, sufficiently large heat losses occur, therefore, certain measures must be taken to maintain the temperature regime.
In fact, there are only two ways out of this situation.
- Installing equipment with higher efficiency improves system performance.
- Additional thermal insulation of the piping can significantly reduce heat loss.
About the main disadvantages
- Any centralized system works according to a specific schedule, so during operation you have to adjust to it. In addition, it is impossible to adjust the temperature mode yourself.
- The cost of boiler equipment and pipelines is quite high, which means that if the work is of poor quality, you can spend huge amounts of money.
- Work on the installation of centralized heating is very laborious, therefore, in the event of an emergency, it will take a lot of time to fully or partially restore the system.
- Periodic pressure drops in a centralized network can reduce the heating efficiency to some extent.
As a conclusion
Above, an instruction was presented considering the device of heating systems in multi-storey buildings, so that apartment owners could assess the scale of the centralized network and its effectiveness. If necessary, a standalone branch can always be created that will maintain desired temperature in the living area. You can find more information on this topic by watching the dedicated video.
Comfort in Russian houses and apartments in winter time it is simply impossible to imagine without a heating system. From a constructive point of view, it represents the transfer of a coolant from a heating source to each room in an apartment or room. Water or propylene glycol is used as a coolant in heating systems (the latter is usually used in cases when heating is being built in an honest house or a small enterprise).
District heating in apartment buildings
In the conditions of multi-storey residential buildings in Moscow and other large cities, centralized heating is usually used, when the coolant is supplied through pipelines to each individual house from the nearest boiler house or heat station. This centralization has both advantages and disadvantages.
Theoretically, a large volume of heated water allows to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of heat generation, but here it is necessary to take into account the quality of housing and communal services networks, which are far from always new, therefore, there are rather large heat losses during transportation, which leads to an increase in the cost of services.
In addition, the disadvantage of centralized heating is that it is far from always possible to adjust the temperature in an apartment, thus saving on heating bills. Individual heat meters are more and more often installed in new houses, but it is still too early to talk about a complete transition to such a system of payment for housing and communal services.
In this case, it can be noted that residents of multi-storey buildings do not have the opportunity to abandon the centralized heating system and the temperature in apartments depends entirely on the quality of the resource-saving company. Also, modern legislation prohibits interference with engineering Communication home or use individual heating apartments in multi-storey buildings.
If a person lives outside the city, then most often an autonomous heating system is installed, operating on natural gas, electricity or liquid fuel.
Preparing heating systems for heating season.
The main way of providing reliable work heating systems - planned preparation of all communications for the heating season. In urban conditions, these issues are taken on by the enterprises of the housing and communal services sector, which are replacing outdated pipelines, as well as whole line preventive measures. Owners of autonomous heating systems are forced to do it all on their own, however, most often all work is limited only to preventive work with a heating boiler, and a supply of fuel (if heating is done with wood or coal).
The second type of preparation of the heating system for the winter season is cleaning the batteries from various contaminants. The latter are a serious problem, since the water circulating in the heating system contains large amount chemical compounds.
The latter gradually settle on the inner surfaces of the heating batteries, which leads to a deterioration in heat transfer and, accordingly, a decrease in the temperature in the room. An alternative to cleaning them up could be complete replacement to new ones. This is especially true for old houses, where the communications already have a lot of wear and tear.
You need to do this in summer period, and the most optimal for an apartment building today will be bimetallic or traditional cast iron batteries. They are quite attractive today. appearance and provide high heat transfer, which, in fact, is required.
Read also:
What should be the room temperature during the heating season?
Quite often we hear that the heating system in the house is ineffective and it is cold in the apartments. Before complaining to the HOA or the Management Company, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the current legislative regulations that determine the minimum room temperature.
So, the heating should turn on when lowering average daily temperature below eight degrees Celsius for five days (now you can determine for yourself when they will turn on or give heating). As for the temperature, according to the laws for 2013-2014, it should be as follows:
Corner room - 20 degrees Celsius;
Living room - 18 degrees Celsius;
Bathroom - 25 degrees Celsius;
Stairwells - 16 degrees Celsius;
Elevator room - 5 degrees Celsius;
Attic and basement - 4 degrees Celsius.
The temperature measurement should be carried out in the room at a distance of one and a half meters from the floor and outer walls.
If the indicated temperature indicators are not maintained, then you need to apply with a corresponding statement to the HOA or the Management Company, which will make a control measurement of the temperature and will have to resolve the issue with an increase in the volume of the supplied coolant or increase its temperature. If the house is not well managed, it is recommended to apply in writing. On written statement, The Criminal Code or Homeowners' Association must either react or give an official response within the time frame established by law (30 days). If no action is taken by the management of the house, it makes sense to contact the Housing Inspectorate with an indication of the existing problem with heating, and a description of the situation with the inaction of the management of the house.
How do people pay for heating in Russia today?
If you live in the private sector and you have an autonomous heating system installed, then paying for heating is very simple. In the presence of gas boiler it consists of the number of consumed cubic meters gas, in the presence of an electric boiler - from the number of consumed kilowatts. If a solid or liquid fuel boiler is used, then, accordingly, the payment for heating consists of the cost of purchased firewood, coal, diesel fuel, and so on.
If you live in Moscow or another Russian city in an apartment building connected to a centralized heating system, then there are two options for paying for utility bills. The first of them provides for equal payment for heating services throughout the year. This amount is added to the monthly rent bill. Many are surprised by the need to pay for heating services, regardless of its availability, but this was done so that there are not very large heating bills in winter period, which is very convenient for people who do not have very large incomes. The calculation of the specific cost for each apartment building is based on the current heating tariffs established by the authorities.
The second option for paying for heating services in apartment buildings in Moscow, it is possible in cases where a general house meter is installed, which registers the amount of heat energy expended in the house for heating. After that, the total consumption is determined and divided based on the area of each apartment between all residents of the entrance or the entire house. Note that this option is most convenient in new homes, where all communications are modern, and heat losses are minimal.
There is also a third option for paying for services, but it is practically not found in Russia. With this option, heat meters are installed in each apartment of a multi-storey building. This is the most comfortable and profitable option from a financial point of view. Still, in this case it will be possible to pay only for the heat that was consumed. In parallel with this, a number of opportunities appear to save on heating, while maintaining the family budget without extra effort... So, for example, you can partially shut off the heating at night or during a long absence, you can shut off the heating when there is a thaw outside, and the temperature of the coolant has not changed, which forces you to open the vents. In addition, it becomes very topical issue insulation of premises, which is also very important.
Initially, the houses of the Khrushchev projects were conceived as temporary, to solve the housing problem. However, to this day, they occupy a fair share of the fund. The main problem of living is the scheme of the heating system of the Khrushchev and its arrangement. Taking into account natural wear and tear, it often does not fully fulfill its functions.
Centralized heating scheme for Khrushchev
The houses of this project are characterized by a one-pipe scheme, when the distribution of the coolant starts from the upper (5th) floor and ends with the entrance of cooled water into the basement. Such heating systems in Khrushchev have one significant drawback - the uneven distribution of heat across apartments.
This is due to the alternate passage of the coolant through the floors, i.e. the highest degree of its heating will be at the 5th, 4th, and at the 1st, the amount of heat is not enough to heat the room. In addition, the heating scheme of the five-story Khrushchev has the following disadvantages:
- Poor condition of heating elements. Lime build-up on the inner surface of pipes and batteries leads to a decrease in diameter, and as a result, a decrease in heat transfer;
- Lack of temperature control system on batteries. It is impossible to reduce the flow of coolant with devices, as this will affect the hydraulic pressure in the entire system. Output - installation of a bypass for each radiator.
To solve these problems, it is necessary to carry out modernization - to install modern radiators and pipes. Metallic heating devices and polymer pipelines have proven themselves best. They possess increased rates heat transfer, which contributes to the fastest heating of rooms. However, to create truly effective system heating in Khrushchev must be replaced on all floors. If old pipes and radiators are left on the upper ones, then the rate of passage of water in the system will be unsatisfactory as before.
The implementation of such modernization can be carried out not only by the efforts of residents, but also by attracting the resources of the housing office. This organization is obliged to carry out a planned replacement of pipelines. They also know how the heating system in Khrushchev works - the diagram and location of pipelines for a particular house.
Auxiliary heating in Khrushchev
What to do if, even after performing the improvement and replacing the elements, the temperature in the apartment is far from ideal. The best option is autonomous heating in Khrushchev. However, this is not always possible - the installation of a gas boiler is not allowed due to low pressure in the line or due to inappropriate chimney ducts.
Then they begin to develop alternative ways of increasing the temperature in the room. The negative point is that the heating scheme of the five-story Khrushchev house does not provide for the connection additional radiators... This can lead to a decrease in pipe pressure and significant heat loss for residents below. In order to avoid unpleasant moments, you can perform a number of actions that contribute to energy saving in the apartment.
Insulation of the outer walls of the Khrushchev
It is recommended to install on external walls thermal insulation layer... It will help to reduce heat losses and will not affect the current state of the heating system in Khrushchev. It is also necessary to replace the old wooden windows on new ones made of PVC or glued beams. Special attention should be addressed to the thickness of the glass units. For effective thermal insulation, this parameter should be at least 28 mm.
Warm floor in Khrushchev
This is one of the best mechanisms for raising the temperature in an apartment. It can be installed not only in the bathroom and kitchen, but also in living quarters. It is best to choose infrared floor heating models, since their installation requires a minimum increase in the thickness of the floor covering. The heating circuit of the Khrushchev is not designed for connecting a water-heated floor. Its installation can lead to malfunctioning of the entire heating circuit of the house.
Heaters for apartments
They can solve the problem with the speed of heating the air in the apartment and do not affect the operation of the main heating system of the apartments in Khrushchev. Along with traditional oil and converter-type electric heaters, infrared models have become very popular. They raise the temperature not of the air, but of objects, heating their surface. However, the disadvantage of such devices is the increase financial costs for electricity.
Before connecting the heaters, check the wiring. Often the cross-section of the wire is not designed for heavy loads. The heating scheme for a five-story Khrushchev is designed only for a water heat carrier.
Therefore, first it is recommended to replace it, only then install powerful electrical appliances.
Autonomous heating systems in Khrushchev: the choice of a boiler and the correct wiring of pipes
Contrary to popular belief, you can make individual heating in the Khrushchev. To do this, it is necessary to select a boiler that meets the standards and provide management company developed project. She preliminarily gives technical conditions, on the basis of which an autonomous heating system in Khrushchev is made.
What should you pay attention to when solving this problem? Consider the main components autonomous heating in Khrushchev - a boiler, a piping system and radiators.
Heating boiler for Khrushchev
Average area two-room apartment in Khrushchevs does not exceed 60 m2. Therefore, the optimal power of a gas boiler should be 7-8 kW. The next condition is the type of burner - it must be closed. Since the arrangement of the heating system in Khrushchev according to the scheme does not provide for the installation of the boiler, normal air exchange should be ensured for its operation. This is necessary to take air from the street using a coaxial chimney. In some cases, it is possible to install systems for removing carbon monoxide gases into the air ducts of the building. But before that, it is necessary to obtain the approval of the fire department. Often, this is exactly what is an obstacle to the installation of individual heating in Khrushchev.
Heating pipes and radiators
It is best to use reinforced pipes made of polypropylene. They are characterized by simple installation and affordable cost. Their advantages include the ability hidden installation... It can only be carried out in the floor, since the strobing load-bearing walls forbidden. The heating system in Khrushchev is designed in such a way that the place where the radiators are installed is most often under the windows. When designing an autonomous heating system, it is possible to provide for the installation of additional batteries. Most often they are installed in the bathroom.
Khrushchev project and heating schemes
When developing a heating scheme for a Khrushchev, it is necessary to provide for all the nuances. In particular, the provision of hot water supply. Therefore, it is best to purchase double-circuit boilers heating.
The requirements for the scheme are no different from the standard ones.
- Correspondence of temperature and pressure operational characteristics pipes, radiators;
- Connection to the water supply system to make up the heating;
- Installation of an expansion tank and a circular pump.
In this case, it is possible to install a water-heated floor. For this, the heating scheme for Khrushchev provides for the installation of a collector. It will distribute the coolant through the underfloor heating pipelines, the built-in system for mixing hot and cold water flows (two-way valve) will automatically adjust the temperature.
To minimize the increase in floor thickness, it is recommended to use decorative coating designed for installation directly on hot water pipes. The packaging must be marked accordingly.
In addition to the modernization of the autonomous heating installation, a number of actions can be performed, the result of which will lead to a decrease in the current operating costs and payment for utility services. Considering the specific scheme of the heating system in Khrushchev, the installation of heat meters in the apartment is impractical. This is due to the absence of a central riser, i.e. even for studio apartment you will have to install at least three counters - in the bathroom, in the kitchen and in the living room.
The total cost of installing one device can range from 25 to 30 thousand rubles. The way out of this situation is to install a general house meter. It will take into account the amount of heat energy consumed for the entire building. Fortunately, the centralized scheme inherent in all types of heating Khrushchev allows you to do this. As additional function there may be a mode for adjusting the supply of the coolant depending on the temperature outside.
For the central heating circuit of a five-story Khrushchev, a balancing riser can be installed. It will perform the function of evenly distributing the coolant over all floors of the house. However, which project is carried out only by agreement with the housing office, since it belongs to the category of changing the principle of hot water supply.