Multi-storey buildings, high-rise buildings, office buildings and many different consumers provide heat to CHP plants or powerful boilers. Even a relatively simple autonomous system of a private house is sometimes difficult to adjust, especially if mistakes are made in design or installation. But the heating system of a large boiler house or CHP is incomparably more complicated. Many branches leave the main pipe, and each consumer has a different pressure in the heating pipes and the amount of heat consumed.
The length of the pipelines is different, and the system must be designed so that the most distant consumer receives a sufficient amount of heat. It becomes clear why there is coolant pressure in the heating system. The pressure moves the water along the heating circuit, i.e. created by the central heating line, it plays the role of a circulation pump. The heating system should not allow imbalance when changing heat consumption by any consumer.
In addition, the efficiency of heat supply should not be affected by the branching of the system. In order for a complex centralized heating system to work stably, either an elevator unit or an automated heating system control unit must be installed at each facility in order to exclude mutual influence between them.
Heating engineers recommend using one of three temperature modes of boiler operation. These modes were initially calculated theoretically and passed many years practical use... They provide heat transfer with minimal loss over long distances with maximum efficiency.
Thermal modes of the boiler can be designated as the ratio of the supply temperature to the "return" temperature:
In real conditions, the mode is selected for each specific region, based on the value winter temperature air. It should be noted that it is impossible to use high temperatures for heating premises, especially 150 and 130 degrees, in order to avoid burns and serious consequences during depressurization.
The water temperature is above the boiling point and it does not boil in the pipes due to the high pressure. This means that it is necessary to reduce the temperature and pressure and provide the necessary heat extraction for a particular building. This task is entrusted to the elevator unit of the heating system - special heating equipment located in the heat distribution point.
The device and principle of operation of the heating elevator
At the entry point of the heating network pipeline, usually in the basement, the knot that connects the supply and return pipes is striking. This is an elevator - a mixing unit for heating a house. The elevator is manufactured in the form of a cast iron or steel structure equipped with three flanges. This is an ordinary heating elevator, its principle of operation is based on the laws of physics. Inside the elevator there is a nozzle, a receiving chamber, a mixing neck and a diffuser. The inlet chamber is connected to the "return" by means of a flange.
Superheated water enters the elevator inlet and flows into the nozzle. Due to the narrowing of the nozzle, the flow rate increases and the pressure decreases (Bernoulli's law). Water from the "return" is sucked into the area of reduced pressure and mixed in the mixing chamber of the elevator. The water reduces the temperature to the right level and at the same time the pressure decreases. The elevator works at the same time as the mixer. This is, in brief, the principle of operation of an elevator in the heating system of a building or structure.
Heating unit diagram
The adjustment of the coolant supply is carried out by the elevator heating units of the house. The elevator is the main element of the heating unit; it needs strapping. The regulating equipment is sensitive to contamination, therefore, mud filters are included in the piping, which are connected to the "supply" and "return".
The elevator trim includes:
- mud filters;
- pressure gauges (inlet and outlet);
- temperature sensors (thermometers at the inlet of the elevator, at the outlet and at the "return");
- gate valves (for preventive or emergency work).
This is the simplest version of the circuit for adjusting the temperature of the coolant, but it is often used as the basic device of the heating unit. The basic unit for elevator heating of any buildings and structures provides regulation of the temperature and pressure of the coolant in the circuit.
The advantages of using it for heating large buildings, houses and high-rise buildings:
But in the presence of indisputable advantages of using an elevator for heating systems, the disadvantages of using this device should also be noted:
Elevator with automatic adjustment
Currently, elevator designs have been created in which, with the help of electronic adjustment, the nozzle cross-section can be changed. Such an elevator has a mechanism that moves the throttle needle. It changes the lumen of the nozzle and, as a result, the flow rate of the coolant changes. Changing the clearance changes the speed of movement of the water. As a result, the mixing ratio of hot water and water from the "return" changes, thereby changing the temperature of the coolant in the "supply". Now it is clear why water pressure is needed in the heating system.
The elevator regulates the flow and pressure of the heating medium, and its pressure drives the flow in the heating circuit.
The main malfunctions of the elevator unit
Even a device as simple as an elevator unit may not work properly. Malfunctions can be determined by analyzing the readings of the manometers at the control points of the elevator unit:
Switchgear
The elevator assembly with all its piping can be imagined as a pressure circulation pump, which, under a certain pressure, supplies the coolant to the heating system.
If the facility has several floors and consumers, then the most correct solution is to distribute the total flow of the coolant to each consumer.
To solve such problems, a comb is intended for the heating system, which has a different name - a collector. This device can be thought of as a container. The coolant flows into the container from the outlet of the elevator, which then flows out through several outlets, and with the same pressure.
Consequently, the comb of the distribution heating system allows shutdown, adjustment, repair of individual consumers of the facility without stopping the operation of the heating circuit. The presence of the collector excludes the mutual influence of the branches of the heating system. In this case, the pressure in corresponds to the pressure at the outlet of the elevator.
Three-way valve
If it is necessary to divide the heat carrier flow between two consumers, a three-way valve for heating is used, which can operate in two modes:
The three-way valve is installed in those places of the heating circuit where it may be necessary to divide or completely shut off the water flow. The material of the tap is steel, cast iron or brass. Inside the tap is locking device, which can be spherical, cylindrical or conical. The tap resembles a tee and, depending on the connection on the heating system, can work as a mixer. The mixing ratio can be varied over a wide range.
The ball valve is used mainly for: 
- temperature control of warm floors;
- battery temperature regulation;
- distribution of the coolant in two directions.
There are two types of three-way valves - shut-off and control valves. In principle, they are practically equivalent, but it is more difficult to smoothly regulate the temperature with three-way shut-off valves.
Reducing heat losses is a major challenge when planning district heating. For this, even at the stage of heating the coolant, special conditions are created for its transportation: high blood pressure, maximum temperature regime... But in order for the distribution of hot water to lower its heating level to the required level, an elevator heating unit is installed: schemes, operating principles and checks must strictly comply with the standards. Even though it is part of a central heating system, the average user should know how it works.
Purpose of the elevator unit
Even at the first stages of central heating design, engineers faced the problem of conserving thermal energy due to the length of heating mains. To reduce heat losses, two main methods are used:
- Maximum thermal insulation of the pipe surface;
- Installation of elevator units in buildings.
The operating temperature in the outer heating pipes is 150 or 130 degrees. It is forbidden to supply water to consumers at this temperature. That is why an adjustable elevator heating unit was developed. It is designed for mixing hot and cold heat carrier streams in order to optimize its temperature. In addition, the pressure is also reduced to an acceptable level.
For normal work an automatic elevator heating unit is installed in a pre-prepared room. For residential apartment buildings, this is the basement. Installation and further maintenance should only be carried out by specialists. Any violation of the operating mode can lead to emergency situations. Installation of such a heating element in private houses is impractical. This is due to the fact that the boilers will not be able to provide the proper operating temperature. Therefore, it is used only to create branched heating systems with a large length of external heat pipelines.
Taking the principle of operation of this elevator heating unit as a basis, it is possible to make a similar system for autonomous system... But for this, two or three-way valves with thermostats are used.
The scheme of the elevator unit
At first glance, the principle of operation of the elevator unit of the heating system should be a rather complex system. However, in practice, it was developed good design which in its own way technical specifications similar to a 3-way mixing valve.
Structurally, it consists of the following elements:
- Inlet connection... A heat carrier with a high temperature under maximum pressure enters through it;
- Return connection... It is necessary to connect cooled water for further mixing with a stream of hot;
- Nozzle... The key element of the diagram of the elevator nodes of the heating system. Hot water enters it under pressure and creates a vacuum in the receiving chamber. As a result, the cooled coolant mixes with the heated one;
- Outlet connection... It is connected to a distribution pipeline system for further transportation of liquid to consumers.
In addition to it, the elevator unit of the central heating system must include additional elements... These include mud collectors, valves and sensors. The latter are mandatory for installation, since they are used to control the parameters of the entire system.
Having figured out what an elevator heating unit is, you need to learn more about its types and methods of adjusting operating modes.
After checking the operation of the elevator unit and the entire heating system, it is imperative to require an updated passport for the device. It indicates the initial characteristics and the actual after verification verifications.
Types of elevator heating units
This heating circuit of the elevator unit does not disclose the mechanism for adjusting the temperature regime. And this is the main way to optimize the consumption of thermal energy depending on external factors - the temperature outside, the degree of thermal insulation of the house, and so on. For this, a special tapered rod is installed in the nozzle. Gear transmission provide its connection with the valve. By adjusting the position of the rod, the throughput nozzles.
Depending on the installed equipment there are two types of adjustable elevator heating units:
- Manual way... The valve is rotated traditional method... In this case, the responsible employee must monitor the readings of the manometers and thermometers of the system;
- Auto... A servo drive is installed on the valve pin, which is connected to temperature and pressure sensors. Depending on the established indicators, the movements of the rod are performed.
A typical drawing of an elevator unit should include not only the required elements, performance characteristics systems. And for this you need to make a calculation of the parameters. Such work is carried out only by specialized design organizations, since it requires taking into account all factors.
Installation of an adjustable elevator unit for heating in combination with a thermal energy consumption meter will save up to 30% of the consumption of hot heat carrier.
Features of installation and verification
It should be noted right away that the installation and verification of the operation of the elevator unit and the heating system is the prerogative of the representatives of the service company. The residents of the house are strictly prohibited from doing this. However, knowledge of the layout of the elevator units of the central heating system is recommended.
During design and installation, the characteristics of the incoming heat carrier are taken into account. The branching of the network in the house, the number of heating devices and the temperature regime of operation are also taken into account. Any automatic elevator unit for heating consists of two parts.
- Adjusting the flow rate of incoming hot water, as well as measuring its technical indicators - temperature and pressure;
- Directly the mixing unit itself.
The main characteristic is the mixing ratio. This is the ratio of the volumes of hot and cold water. This parameter is the result of accurate calculations. It cannot be constant, since it depends on external factors. The installation should be carried out strictly according to the scheme of the elevator unit of the heating system. After that, fine tuning is done. To reduce the error, it is recommended maximum load... Thus, the water temperature in the return pipe will be minimal. This is necessary condition for precise control of the automatic shutter operation.
After a certain period of time, scheduled checks of the operation of the elevator unit and the heating system as a whole are required. The exact procedure depends on the specific scheme. However, one can compose overall plan, which includes the following mandatory procedures:
- Checking the integrity of pipes, valves and devices, as well as the compliance of their parameters with the passport data;
- Alignment of temperature and pressure sensors;
- Determination of pressure losses during the passage of the coolant through the nozzle;
- Calculation of the displacement coefficient. Even for the most accurate heating scheme of the elevator unit, equipment and pipelines wear out over time. This correction must be taken into account when setting up.
After completing these works, the automatic elevator central heating unit must be sealed to prevent unauthorized interference.
Cannot be applied homemade schemes elevator units for central systems heating. They often do not take into account essential characteristics, which can not only reduce the efficiency of work, but also cause an emergency.
Requirements for the premises
In the overwhelming majority of cases, mixing units are installed in the basement of a building. To perform its functions, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the room - seasonal changes in temperature and humidity.
There are a number of requirements for these indicators, which must be met. This applies in particular to the elevator units of the central heating system with installed automatic servo drives:
- The room temperature should not fall below 0 ° С;
- To prevent the appearance of condensation on the surface of the pipes, an exhaust ventilation system is installed;
- For electrical appliances a separate panel room must be installed. It is recommended to provide a source autonomous power supply in case of an emergency power outage.
However, in fact, it is rare to find that these rules are followed. As a result, even for the most efficient drawing of an elevator unit, its practical implementation may differ significantly. That is why there appeared alternative schemes for mixing heat carrier streams.
In some new apartment buildings connected to central heating, there is no heating circuit with an elevator unit. To install it, you need to contact the management company.
Other options for heating units
Based on the basic principle of operation of the elevator unit of the heating system, alternative ways of maintaining the desired temperature level in the pipes for users have been developed. Their difference from traditional scheme lies in the presence of a complex electronic control system.
The first thing that the developers of this unit paid attention to was the optimal consumption of hot water. Therefore, a heat energy meter is necessarily installed on the inlet pipe. It makes it possible not only to see the volume of the coolant entering the system of the house, but also can automatically calculate its cost and transmit data to the management company.
The installed pumps allow you to control the rate of passage of the coolant through the pipes. This is necessary to reduce the error when mixing liquid flows in the nozzle. For this, temperature sensors are mounted on the inlet and return pipes. If the water heating level is less than the set one, the pump on the return stops working. To increase the volume of hot coolant, the corresponding pumping equipment is activated.
Almost every specialist who maintains a central heating system apartment building, I am familiar with such an important element as the elevator unit. Anyone who is interested in the purpose, design and operation of the elevator unit of the heating system will find this publication useful.
Purpose and application
The central heating system (CSO) is a rather complex and extensive network, which includes boiler houses, boilers, distribution points and pipeline systems through which the coolant is supplied directly to the consumer. To deliver the coolant of the required temperature to the consumer, it is required to raise its temperature indicators.
As a rule, a heat carrier with a temperature of 130 to 150 ° C is supplied through the main pipeline. This is enough to save heat energy, but too much for the consumer. By sanitary standards, the temperature of the coolant in the central heating center of the house should not exceed 95 ° С. In other words: before entering the heating system of the house, the water must be cooled. This is the responsibility of the adjustable elevator unit of the heating system, which mixes hot water from the boiler room and cold water from the return pipeline of the central heating system.
The purpose of the elevator is not limited only to the regulation of the temperature of the coolant: due to the mixing of the "return" in the "supply", the volume of the coolant increases, which saves services on the diameter of the pipeline and power pumping equipment.
Design and principle of operation
The design of the elevator is simple, but no less effective. The device is a cast iron or steel structure consisting of three flanges: 
The key element of this device is the nozzle, due to the narrowing of the section of which vacuum is created in the mixing chamber and the suction of water from the return pipeline. The principle of operation of the elevator unit of the heating system is based on Bernoulli's law.
The main problem with this device is the possible clogging of the nozzle. A mud filter is used to protect the cone from suspended particles. To carry out preventive work on replacing the nozzle and cleaning the filter element, the mixer has a shut-off valve. To diagnose the parameters of the coolant and control the operation of CO, the elevator module includes temperature sensors and pressure gauges, which are its strapping.
Advantages and disadvantages
The widest distribution of elevators in heat supply networks is due to the stable operation of these elements, even when changing thermal conditions coolant supply. In addition, the main advantages of using elevators are:
- Simplicity of design.
- Reliability in work.
- Energy independence.
In addition, the elevators in the CSO are practically maintenance-free. Correctness of work depends solely on competent installation and correctly selected nozzle diameter.
Important! The calculation of the elevator unit of the heating system, which includes the selection of pipe diameters, nozzle cross-section and the dimensions of the device itself, is carried out only in a specialized design organization.
Adjustment methods
To simplify the task of selecting the required CO temperature without replacing the nozzle, adjustable elevators were created:
- With manual change of the nozzle diameter.
- With automatic adjustment.
The principle of regulating the section of the cone is extremely simple: a gate valve is installed in the elevator, rotating which changes the flow section of the nozzle.
V manual version, the rotation of the valve is carried out by a responsible employee who changes the operational characteristics of the coolant, based on the readings of manometers and thermometers. The diagram of the elevator unit of the heating system with an automatic mixing and adjustment module is based on a servo drive that rotates the valve stem. The control body is the controller, which receives readings from pressure and temperature sensors installed at the inlet and outlet of the elevator unit.
Advice: despite the simplicity of the design of the mixing device, only professionals with the appropriate competence should be engaged in its creation and installation in the central office of an apartment building. Handicraft devices can cause accidents.
Central heating mains for apartment buildings are complex complexes. They transfer heat through pipelines from the supplier to the end consumer. The hot heating medium is supplied using distribution manifold and gradually fills the radiators inside the house. To equalize the temperature, a special device is used - an elevator unit.
Use the elevator unit to adjust the temperature supply
general description
Before dealing with the diagram of the elevator heating unit, it must be said that, by its design, the elevator is a kind of circulation pump, which is located in the heating system along with pressure meters and shut-off valves.
Thermal elevator units perform a number of functions in their work. For starters, this electronic device distributes the pressure in the heating system so that water is delivered to consumers in the heating batteries with a certain pressure and temperature. During the circulation through the pipes from the boiler room to multi-storey buildings the volume of the heat carrier in the circuit is almost doubled. This can only happen if there is a supply of water in a separate sealed container.
Most often, a heat carrier is supplied from the boiler room, with a temperature of about 110-160 ℃. For domestic needs, in terms of safety, these high temperature readings are unacceptable. The maximum temperature regime of the coolant in the circuit cannot be more than 90 ℃.
From this video we learn the principle of operation of the elevator heating unit:
It is also noteworthy that SNiP today indicates temperature standard coolant in the range of 65 ℃. But in order to save resources, there is an active discussion on reducing this standard to 55 ℃. Taking into account the opinion of experts, the consumer will not feel a significant difference, and as a disinfection, the thermal carrier will need to be heated to 75 ℃ once a day. However, these changes in SNiP have not yet been adopted, since there is no exact opinion on the effectiveness and feasibility of this decision.
The diagram of the elevator unit of the heating system makes it possible to bring the temperature regime of the heat carrier up to standard requirements.
This device allows you to prevent the following consequences:
- if the wiring is made of propylene or plastic pipes, then it is not designed to supply a hot thermal medium;
- not all heating pipes are designed for prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures under high pressure- these conditions will lead to their rapid failure;
- very hot radiators can cause burns if handled carelessly.
Elevator advantages
Many consumers say that the heating elevator circuit is irrational, and it is much easier to supply users with a thermal carrier of a lower temperature. In fact, this approach implies an increase in the diameter of the central heating pipeline to circulate a colder heat carrier, which implies additional costs.
That is, the high-quality circuit of the heating unit allows you to use part of the cooled water from the return line with the supply volume of the coolant. Despite the fact that some sources of elevators are outdated hydraulic devices, in fact, they are the most efficient in operation... There are also more modern devices that have replaced the systems of the elevator unit.
This includes the following types of devices:
- mixer equipped with a three-way membrane;
- plate heat exchanger.
Principle of operation
Considering the heating elevator scheme, one cannot fail to note the similarity of the finished equipment with water pumps. Moreover, for work, you do not need to receive energy from other systems.
By outward appearance the main part of the device resembles a hydraulic tee, which is installed on the return circuit heating system... Through an ordinary tee, the heat carrier would calmly pass into the return line, bypassing the batteries. This scheme of the heating unit would be impractical.
V standard scheme heating elevator the following items are found:
- A preliminary chamber and a pipe for supplying a thermal carrier with a nozzle of a certain diameter installed at the end. Water circulates through it from the return circuit.
- A diffuser is installed at the outlet, which is designed to supply the coolant to users.
Regulation of the heating system can be carried out both manually and with the help of technology
Today, you can find nodes in which the size of the nozzle is adjustable. electric drive... This makes it possible to automatically adjust the required temperature of the circulating water.
The choice of the scheme of the heating unit with an electric drive is made taking into account that it was possible to change the mixing coefficient of the heat carrier in the range of 3-6 units. This cannot be done in elevators where the nozzle cross-section does not change. Thus, units with an adjustable nozzle can significantly reduce heating costs, which is important for multi-storey buildings with central meters.
Heating unit diagram
If a heating system of an apartment building is used in the heating system, then its quality work can be organized only under the condition that operating pressure between the return and the supply circuit will be higher than the calculated hydraulic resistance.
The scheme of the elevator in the heating unit is as follows:
- the hot heat carrier is fed through the central pipeline to the nozzle;
- circulating through pipes of small diameter, the coolant begins to increase its speed;
- moreover, a discharged zone appears;
- the resulting vacuum “sucks in” water from the return circuit;
- turbulent water flows through the diffuser to the outlet.
Main disadvantages
Despite the fact that the elevator unit has many advantages, it also has one significant drawback. It is just that the elevator circuit does not provide for the possibility of adjusting the temperature of the outgoing heat carrier.
If the return water temperature indicates that it is very hot, then it will need to be reduced. This problem can be solved only by reducing the size of the nozzle, but this cannot always be done due to the design of the equipment.
In some cases, the heating unit is equipped with an electric drive, thanks to which the size of the nozzle can be adjusted. He moves main element designs - choke cone needle. This needle is moved a certain distance into the hole inside the nozzle. The depth of movement makes it possible to change the diameter of the nozzle and thereby regulate the temperature of the heat carrier.
On the shaft can be mounted as manual drive in the form of a handle, and a remotely controlled electric motor.
It must be said that the installation of this temperature controller makes it possible to improve the general heating system with a heating unit without significant material costs.
Possible malfunctions and repairs
Despite the reliability of the equipment, in some cases the elevator heating unit may malfunction. Hot coolant and high pressure quickly find vulnerable areas and provoke the failure of this device. This inevitably happens if individual elements have poor assembly, the calculation of the nozzle size was performed incorrectly, and also due to the appearance of blockages.
Heating pipe noise... The elevator heating unit may generate noise during operation. If this is noted, it means that irregularities or cracks appeared at the outlet of the nozzle during operation.
The reason for the formation of these defects is the distortion of the nozzle, which is caused by the supply of hot water at high pressure. This can happen if the excessive head is not throttled by the flow regulator.
Incorrect temperature conditions
The quality operation of the heating elevator can be questioned if the temperature at the inlet and outlet circuits differs significantly from the temperature schedule. This is most likely due to the oversized nozzle.
Incorrect heating medium flow
A defective throttle can lead to a change in the flow rate of the coolant, in contrast to the design indicator.
This violation can be easily identified by changing the temperature in the supply and return pipes. The problem can be solved by repairing the flow regulator.
Defective parts of the assembly
If the connection diagram of the heating system to the external line is independent, then the reason for the poor-quality operation of the elevator can be caused by faulty water-heating elements, circulation pumps, protective and shut-off valves, various leaks in equipment and pipes, failure of regulators.
The main reasons that negatively affect the principle of operation and the scheme of pumping equipment include the destruction of elastic membranes in the joints of the shafts of the electric motor and pump, wear of bearings and failure of the seats under them, the appearance of cracks and irregularities on the body, leakage of oil seals. All of the above breakdowns can only be repaired.
Poor-quality operation of water heaters can be observed if the tightness of the pipeline is broken, adhesion or destruction of the pipe assembly has occurred. The problem can only be solved by replacing the pipes.
Blockages and contamination
Blockages are one of the most common causes of poor heat supply. Their appearance is due to the ingress of dirt into the heating system, if the mud filters do not cope with their task. Corrosion build-up inside the pipeline can also increase the problem.
The level of contamination of the filters can be found out from the data of the pressure gauges, which are installed near the filter and behind it. A large differential pressure can confirm or deny the assumption about the level of contamination. To clean the filters, you need remove dirt through drain valves, which are located at the bottom of the case.
Any malfunctions in the system of heating equipment and pipes must be corrected immediately!
Any remarks that do not affect the operation of the heating system, without fail must be registered in special documentation, it must be included in the plan of capital or current work for the repair of equipment. Troubleshooting must be done in summer time before the heating season.
Any building connected to a centralized heating network (or boiler room) has an elevator unit. The main function of this device is to lower the temperature of the coolant while increasing the volume of pumped water in the house system.
The purpose of the node
Elevator units are installed when superheated water is supplied to a residential building from a CHP or boiler house, the temperature of which can exceed 140 ºC. It is unacceptable to serve boiling water to apartments, as it is fraught with burns and destruction. cast iron radiators... These devices do not tolerate sudden temperature changes. As it turned out, so popular today polypropylene pipes also do not like high temperatures... Although they are not destroyed by the pressure of hot water in the system, their service life is significantly reduced.
Superheated water supplied from the combined heat and power plant first enters the elevator unit, where it mixes with chilled water from the return pipeline of a residential building and is again supplied to the apartments.
Principle of operation and node diagram
Hot water entering the residential building has a temperature corresponding to the temperature schedule of the combined heat and power plant. After overcoming the valves and mud filters, the superheated water enters the steel body, and then through the nozzle into the mixing chamber. The pressure difference pushes the stream of water into the expanded part of the housing, while it is connected to the cooled coolant from the heating system of the building.
The superheated coolant, having a reduced pressure, at a high speed rushes through the nozzle into the mixing chamber, creating a vacuum. As a result, the effect of injection (suction) of the coolant from the return pipeline arises in the chamber behind the jet. The result of mixing is water that has the design temperature, which flows into the apartments.
The elevator diagram gives a detailed idea of functionality this unit.
Advantages of water jet elevators
A feature of the elevator is the simultaneous performance of two tasks: to work as a mixer and as a circulation pump. It is noteworthy that the elevator unit operates without the consumption of electricity, since the principle of operation of the installation is based on the use of differential pressure at the inlet.
The use of water-jet devices has its advantages:
- uncomplicated design;
- low cost;
- reliability;
- no need for electricity.
With the help of the latest models of elevators equipped with automation, you can significantly save heat. This is achieved by regulating the temperature of the coolant in the zone of its outlet. To achieve this goal, you can lower the temperature in apartments at night or during the day, when most people are at work, study, etc.
The economical elevator unit differs from the usual version the presence of an adjustable nozzle. These parts may have different design and the level of adjustment. The mixing ratio of a device with an adjustable nozzle varies from 2 to 6. As practice has shown, this is quite enough for the heating system of a residential building.
The cost of equipment with automatic adjustment is much higher than the price of conventional elevators. But they are more economical, functional and efficient.
Possible problems and malfunctions
Despite the durability of the devices, sometimes the elevator heating unit malfunctions. Hot water and high pressure quickly find weak points and provoke breakdowns.
This inevitably happens when individual assemblies are of improper quality, the calculation of the nozzle diameter is incorrect, and also due to the formation of blockages.
Noise
The heating elevator can generate noise when operating. If this is observed, it means that cracks or scuffs have formed in the outlet of the nozzle during operation.
The reason for the appearance of irregularities lies in the distortion of the nozzle caused by the supply of a coolant under high pressure. This happens if the excess head is not throttled by the flow regulator.
Temperature mismatch
The quality operation of the elevator can be questioned even when the temperature at the inlet and outlet is too different from temperature graph... This is most likely due to the oversized nozzle diameter.
Incorrect water flow
A defective throttle will result in a change in water flow from the design value.
Such a violation can be easily identified by the change in temperature in the incoming and outgoing piping systems. The problem is solved by repairing the flow regulator (throttle).
Defective structural elements
If the scheme for connecting the heating system to the external heating main has an independent form, then the reason for the poor-quality operation of the elevator unit can be caused by faulty pumps, water heating units, shut-off and safety valves, all kinds of leaks in pipelines and equipment, malfunctioning regulators.
The main reasons that negatively affect the circuit and the principle of operation of pumps include the destruction of elastic couplings in the connections of the pump and electric motor shafts, wear of ball bearings and destruction seats under them, the formation of fistulas and cracks on the body, aging of the oil seals. Most of the listed faults can be fixed by repair.
The problem of fistulas and cracks in the case is solved by replacing it.
Unsatisfactory operation of water heaters is observed when the tightness of the pipes is broken, their destruction occurs or the tube bundle sticks together. The solution to the problem is to replace the pipes.
Blockages
Blockages are one of the common causes of poor heat supply. Their formation is associated with the ingress of dirt into the system when the dirt filters are faulty. Increase the problem and build up of corrosion products inside the pipes.
The level of clogging of the filters can be determined by the readings of the pressure gauges installed in front of the filter and after it. A significant pressure drop will confirm or disprove the assumption about the degree of debris. To clean the filters, it is enough to drain the dirt through the drain devices located in the lower part of the housing.
Any malfunctions of pipelines and heating equipment must be eliminated immediately.
Minor remarks that do not affect the operation of the heating system are mandatory registered in special documentation, they are included in the plan for current or capital renovation works... Repair and elimination of faults takes place in the summer before the start of the next heating season.