Since 2014, “winter” time has been in effect in Russia and it is no longer necessary to turn the clock hands forward and back an hour every year. Nevertheless, the “temporary” issue remains relevant today, because from the lips of various officials, statements about the return of “summer” time are heard every now and then.
First of all, entrepreneurs are interested in the transfer, they calculated that in this way they can save up to 4 billion rubles due to more rational consumption of electricity. Given this, interest in the issue, will there be a return summer time in Russia in 2018, does not fade away.
Authorities say that there are no prerequisites for such a transition yet, and, most likely, Russians will continue to live according to “winter” time. This decision is supported by doctors and scientists, according to whom the “summer” time disrupts the daily rhythm of a person and negatively affects the state of health. Ordinary citizens also do not welcome the annual clock change, remembering the inconvenience and difficulties that he dragged along with him.
A bit of history
In the USSR, the concepts of "summer" and "winter" time came from the West: the clock hands were first transferred in England, then in Germany. For the first time, Russians were introduced to the transition to "summer" time in 1917.
This innovation was actively supported by economists, pointing to energy savings, but ordinary Russians did not like it. Citizens simply forgot to translate the arrows on time, which is why they were late for work and faced other troubles.
Finally, the transition to "summer" and "winter" time took root in 1981, according to a special decree of the government of the USSR. Nevertheless, the Russians did not understand the expediency of such a decision for a long time and could not get used to the change of clocks.
Further "temporary" experiments began already in 2011: at the direction of the then Dmitry Medvedev, the transition to "winter" time was canceled.
But this decision did not last long enough, which was largely influenced by medical research, which proved that "summer" time does not coincide with the daily rhythm of a person. Living in this regime, people were more likely to get sick and feel worse. Because of this, in 2014, the "winter" time was returned, and the Russians again began to prepare for the transfer of arrows an hour ago. But in the same year, the authorities decided again to abandon the transition, but this time to stop at a constant "winter" time.
Considering that the government has changed its mind several times and left the issue of switching to "summer" time open, it is not surprising that citizens are still checking whether it is necessary to translate the arrows.
Will summer time return to Russia in 2018?
The "temporary" changes of 2011-2014 created doubts in the society about the stability of the authorities' position on this issue. Interest in "summer" time was constantly "heated up" by bills that were supposed to return the annual clock change. But none of these initiatives were supported by the government, and officials in the media officially announced that “winter” time in the Russian Federation would remain the only one.
The transition is still advocated by many representatives of the economic sector, pointing to the rationality of using daylight and potential resource savings. But this opinion is refuted by numerous studies that prove that the savings are still less than the cost of reconfiguring equipment at enterprises, restructuring public transport schedules and other expenses associated with the transfer of arrows.
The inexpediency of returning "summer" time is also confirmed by medical studies. Doctors unanimously say that the clock shift creates an unnecessary shake-up for the body, as a result of which chronic diseases are exacerbated, sleep patterns are disturbed, attentiveness and concentration are dulled. As a result, an increase in the accident rate and, again, the cost of sick leave for employees of enterprises.
Pros and cons of changing clocks
Many countries, including Russia, have already abandoned the transition to "summer" time, but opinions on this matter are still different. There are many adherents of clock translation and their arguments are quite weighty. On the other side of the "barricades" there are no less people who consider the annual transition to "winter" and "summer" time to be unnecessary.
Many representatives of the energy sector considered the abolition of "summer" time too hasty and thoughtless. In their opinion, it is unreasonable to refuse the savings that the clock change brings with it, especially today, when the whole world is talking about the need to use energy resources rationally. The power engineers were also outraged by the fact that the authorities made a decision without discussing this issue with them and without giving them the opportunity to prove their position.
Every year there are fewer and fewer adherents of "summer" time, but their number still includes people who, due to their work, are often forced to fly to countries where the clock change is still in effect. Previously, the arrows were translated synchronously, and there was no confusion in flights and meeting times, but now you have to constantly take into account what time another state lives.
Citizens who advocate the most efficient use of daylight hours also complain about the abolition of "summer" time. They believe that the reasons why the USSR decided to move the clocks are still relevant today, and that the refusal to switch leads to waste.
It is noteworthy that there are studies that prove that moving the clock forward and backward 60 minutes helps to "shake" the body and switch it into activity mode.
Doctors remain the main opponents of "summer" time. They have repeatedly proven that the need to get up an hour earlier increases fatigue, knocking people out of their usual “rut”. Weather-sensitive citizens and those who have problems with the cardiovascular and nervous systems are especially affected by this.
According to doctors' research, in order to adapt to a new daily routine, a person needs 1-1.5 months, during which he feels worse and is more susceptible to various diseases. During this period, the risk of professional "burnout" and stress increases.
Interestingly, representatives of the same energy sector often oppose the return of "summer" time. According to them, in the European part of the Russian Federation, the volumes of energy consumption almost do not change after the clock change, so there is no talk of significant savings. Moreover, you have to spend additional funds to reconfigure equipment.
Ordinary citizens do not want to return to "summer" time either. Due to the change of hours, many citizens not only felt worse, but also suffered significant inconvenience, being forced to “adjust” their work schedule to the new conditions.
Although there is still some talk of a return to daylight saving time, such an outcome is unlikely. The government has long weighed all the pros and cons, and are in favor of a permanent "winter" time. In addition, elections are scheduled for 2018, so it is unlikely that the authorities will want to make another controversial decision during this period that could cause protests among citizens.
The US switches to daylight saving time tonight, March 11th. Find out the answers to the main questions people have about this process.
Arizona, Hawaii, Virgin Islands, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and Samoa.
Note that in different countries it happens in different time, since in Europe the transition to winter time carried out not in local time, but in Greenwich Mean Time ( Greenwich Mean Time- GMT), more precisely, according to universal coordinated time ( Coordinated Universal Time- UTC).
In the United States and many other countries, daylight saving time has been around since World War I.
On March 19, 1918, the United States passed an act to "preserve daylight and provide standard time for the United States." The act established time zones and daylight saving time (DST), which began on March 31, 1918.
After the end of the war, the DST act was canceled. In 1919 countries could take independent decision, to translate time or not. Some states and cities continued to use it.
During World War II, President Roosevelt renewed the act.
In 2005, the clock change policy adopted modern look. Starting in 2007, DST is set to start on the second Sunday in March and end at 2:00 AM on the first Sunday in November.
Among countries former USSR, which carry out seasonal change of hours: Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova.
Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, as well as Japan, India, China and a number of other states have refused to translate the clock hands and live according to winter time.
The first country in which they began to switch their clocks to summer and winter time was Great Britain in 1908, then many European countries. In 1918, switching to seasonal time began to be practiced in the United States. The main goal of the clock change was called energy savings.
How to survive the transition
Translation of time is another portion of stress. In order to cope with it, it is worth resorting to several simple steps, writes "New time".
1. Fresh air
Hiking should become an integral part of your lifestyle at least a week before the switch to daylight saving time.
Although, of course, walking can and should be part of a healthy lifestyle for any person, regardless of the time of year.
2. Go to bed early
Try to go to bed earlier, about a week before your scheduled daylight savings time.
This will give the body the opportunity to adapt to the shift in daily routine.
During this period, daytime sleep also does not interfere, unless, of course, your lifestyle allows such liberties.
3 . Reduce the load
Try to reduce workloads and stress in the days leading up to the clock change and the first weeks after.
American researchers found that in the first days after the switch to daylight saving time, the number of accidents at work increases by 5%.
Give your body a chance to adjust to the new daily routine. This is especially true for the elderly and those who suffer from diseases of the cardiovascular system.
The risk of strokes after daylight saving time increases by 8%, researchers from Finland found.
Athletes should also avoid peak training loads during the transition to daylight saving time.
4. Watch your diet
What we eat has a fundamental impact on how we feel. Try not to exacerbate the stress that daylight saving time causes in your body with additional stress from malnutrition.
Eliminate fatty and spicy foods, do not lean on sweets. Almost non-existent at this time of the year. natural vegetables with vitamins, therefore vitamins in tablets will not damage.
5 . Don't drive
It may sound quite decadent, but in the first days after the clock change, insecure drivers should avoid driving.
American researchers found that the day after the transition to daylight saving time, the number of accidents in the United States increases by 6%.
The latest news regarding the return of summer time in Russia in 2018 suggests otherwise. In the sense that so far, as of the end of 2016, nothing of the kind is foreseen. Is this good or bad? Let's figure it out.
There will be no return of summer time in Russia in 2018, and this is good. At least for representatives of the public health industry, the transport system and farmers. If we take the whole world, then such a picture can be traced. It seems that the Russian Federation is no exception here.
At the same time, energy producers and different kind improvised means used in daily life by a person. It is they who act as opponents of the first group of people.
The transition to summer time in 2018 in Russia will not happen. Then it turns out that organizations that ensure the protection of public health will benefit from this. They will be supported by employees of transport services and farmers.
Employees of the public health sector will say that the human body has long been accustomed to the established daily routine, and if something is changed, it will first of all negatively affect health. Basically, the elderly and those who, despite the course of youth, already have health problems, fall under the blow. Transport services, in turn, are also hampered by the constant change in the schedule that was planned in advance. Actually, farmers are also well aware of the negativism that can be traced in the current situation.
Now let's try to consider the advantages of constantly changing the clock. Let's try, so to speak, to take the side of the power engineers. In a sense, employees of the economic and economic field of human activity. The main thing for them is solar energy. In the sense that summer time gives any individual person more time during the day to solve his personal, work and other responsibilities. Much has to do with daylight. Therefore, an order of magnitude more can be done. Power engineers are supported in everything by representatives of retail trade.
But, again, is the game worth the candle? Is it reasonable to permanent transfer shooter back and forth, if people suffer from this kind of "castling"?
Back to the past?
The transition to summer time in 2018 in Russia is not yet included in the plans of officials. Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev, a few years ago, seems to have completely eradicated a kind of “dance with a tambourine”, where the clock acted as a tambourine, and they danced precisely from the translation of their arrows. In 2014, it seems, a system of the flow of time, satisfying in everything and many, was formed, relevant for the Russian Federation, the operation of which has not yet been canceled. At least officially.
A year later, in 2015, in Kaliningrad, the deputies tried to "return to the past", but no one allowed them to do what they had planned. By the way, as an argument, they referred to the developed countries, where in the present time there is a time reference system, which implies a periodic translation of the clock hands one hour forward and backward. But it didn't work out. Moreover, after a while, journalists got hold of information, according to which there was no such initiative at all. They say that no one transferred anything to paper. What is there to say about the consideration of the bill in the Duma?
Will the Russian deputies return the transition to summer time in 2018 and why did Europe decide to finally abandon this practice?
Happy hours don't watch
In early February, United Russia Andrey Baryshev submitted a document to the online database of legislative initiatives of the State Duma on restoring the transfer to summer time 2018 in Russia.
As stated in explanatory note to the presented project, most of the central regions of the country and the Urals live by the clock, which is “behind the standard time”. Moving the arrows forward 60 minutes, according to the author of the initiative, will help:
- rational use of daylight hours;
- save resources throughout the summer and the first months of autumn;
- pay less for electricity;
- improve the health of Russians.
On the same day, it froze United Russia» Andrey Isaev hastened to reassure the agitated voters: the draft law on switching clocks to daylight saving time 2018 was not agreed with the faction and “there is no need to adopt it.”
Last Stand
Recall that in 2014, the Federal Law “On the Calculation of Time” finally canceled the procedure for switching clocks to summer time, which had been in force since 2011.
On the night of March 27, 2011, the clock hands were switched to daylight saving time in last time. After this practice was abandoned in winter, daylight hours shifted to the evening hours, which many Russians were dissatisfied with, so after 3 years it was necessary to officially fix the permanent winter time.
Since October 26, 2014, Russia has been constantly living according to winter time, as a result of which the time zones in the country have become not nine, but eleven.
On a note! Switches were switched twice a year for more than 30 years - from 1981 to 2014.
What do scientists say?
Another return to the old topic was vigorously discussed at all levels, but in similar situation It's always interesting to hear comments from experts.
So, the head of the therapeutic department of the Omsk Clinical Medical and Surgical Center, Sergey Musin, explained that he did not know any special studies on the topic of summer-winter time, but he could definitely say that the relationship between time and daylight hours is more good than evil.
The amount of sunlight received provides the synthesis of vitamin D, which is necessary for maintaining health. bone tissue. In this regard, the return of summer time 2018 would be one of the preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis - a decrease in bone density, which leads to fractures and skeletal deformities in patients of various ages.
Besides:
- vitamin D increases the production of serotonin (the "hormone of happiness");
- short daylight hours can cause depression and shorten life;
- a sufficient amount of sun has a positive effect on the work of the heart and the condition of blood vessels, which reduces the risk of hypertension, arrhythmia and heart attack.
In an attempt to introduce winter time, they see lobbying for the interests of TV channels, because studies have shown that with a reduction in daylight hours, the number of “chained to the blue screen” increases many times over.
On a note! Due to the return to the "summer" system, crime, morbidity and mortality will increase - and there are also analytical studies about this.
According to the neurophysicist of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Dorokhov, winter is the most uncomfortable time of the year for most people. In the absence of sunlight, the body produces melatonin - it is this “sleep hormone” that causes drowsiness, a dull mood and prolonged blues. The scientist is convinced that a person should try to live according to daylight hours: get up at sunrise and go to bed at sunset. In this case, it will be possible to avoid numerous health problems. But the desires of the majority about sleep and wakefulness do not fit into the work schedule.
People's referendum
Volgograd residents will be the first and, it seems, the only ones who have decided to submit the problem of changing the time to a popular referendum. March 18 in Volgograd and the region will vote not only for the new president, but also decide what time to live. Preliminary polls showed that the votes were divided approximately equally. Some are for the preservation of winter time, others are for returning to the previous scheme of rearranging the hands twice a year.
The referendum has already been approved for holding, as the initiative group of Volgograd residents managed to collect more than 37,000 signatures. If the shift in March is approved by the majority, then an interesting transport situation will develop in the region. Long-distance trains and intercity buses will run according to Moscow time, while city and regional transport will run according to local time. The same applies to television broadcasting - federal channels will broadcast programs in Moscow.
On a note! In other Russian regions, the issue was not brought up for popular discussion, because the local authorities decided on their own what is best for citizens.
And the people are not silent!
According to opinion polls, Russians are divided into three groups:
- those who are for the constant winter time by which we live now;
- the second - for a permanent summer;
- still others - for regular adjustments and moving the hands of the clock back and forth.
Depending on the topics of the broadcasts on the air, one or another position begins to prevail. If a few decades ago, the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company praised the winter time, today its disadvantages are becoming more and more obvious.
Advantages and disadvantages
To understand for yourself which group to join, it is worth considering the advantages and disadvantages of each option.
Permanent winter
- Pros: It gets light early enough in winter.
- Against: it dawns too early in summer and gets dark in winter, which leads to losses - it brightens so early that no one is working yet, and it gets dark a few hours before the end of the working day (what a fruitful work!).
Permanent summer
- Pros: It gets dark late in both summer and winter.
- Cons: Late dawn in winter, resulting in energy overruns and stress build-up.
The translation of the arrows eliminates the above disadvantages, smoothing out the difference between the actual time and daylight hours. The majority considers inconvenience to be its main disadvantage - for some reason everyone forgets massively about the fact that the arrows have been transferred, which leads to lateness to work, hassle, layoffs, etc.
What do they have?
The European Parliament put a bold cross on the return of summer time in 2018. In the tenth of February, a resolution was approved, which obliges the European Commission to forever forget about the practice of transferring hour hands.
As the European parliamentarians explained, scientists have long proven the absence of a positive impact on a person when the time changes. Moreover, a negative effect on health, the agricultural industry and road safety has been recorded.
On a note! The permutation of the hour hand in Europe was regulated by a special directive, which obliged to live in summer time from the beginning of April to the end of October.
And in Mexico, the United States and Canada, the clocks are moving, while no one prevents the cows there from milking on time, and the children are not late for breakfast and school.
At the moment, the answer to the question of whether summer time will be returned in 2018 is obvious - no, there will be no return. Firstly, many deputies will not be able to break the promise made by the “exhausted translation of arrows” to voters. Second, discussion hot topic about whether it is more comfortable to live in the sun or at dusk, helps to distract from more serious problems, for example, states Russian sports or all the same roads.
Until 2014, there was a custom in Russia - twice a year to turn the clock hands to "winter", as well as "summer" time. But after the specified period, the government refused to change the clock, and the country continued to live according to the "winter" time. Despite the factor that the clock change was officially canceled, discussions on this matter are still relevant. And already at the end of 2017, the Russians are wondering if there will be a return to "summer" time in Russia in 2018?
The transition to the "summer" mode is very relevant, because in this case it will be possible to significantly save energy resources. Therefore, entrepreneurs and people who spend huge sums of money for energy services advocate that the regime in the country should be "summer" in the future. But doctors categorically oppose such a transition, because even a slight change in the regime imposes a huge burden on the human body. It is for this reason that chronic diseases can begin to progress in most sick people.
The government is also discussing the problem - is it necessary to switch to summer time in 2018 in Russia - but there are no clear prerequisites for this action. The deputies were divided into 2 categories, one of which is "for" the transition, and the other - "against". As for the Russians themselves, most of them are "against" the translation of the clock hands. So will there be a transition of temporary regimes from "winter" to "summer"?
Historical data
For the first time, the clock hands were translated abroad. The countries-discoverers of the change of temporary regimes were England, and then Germany. In Russia, it was officially decided to turn the hands of all clocks in 1917. The main goal of such an action is to save energy resources. But ordinary citizens were dissatisfied with the transfer of temporary regimes, and the main reason was the usual human factor - people simply forgot to switch to "winter" or "summer" time, as a result of which they were late for work or important events for them.
Until 2011 inclusive, the country continued to switch from “summer” to “winter” time twice a year, but with the coming to power of President M. Medvedev, such a transition was canceled. It turned out that the country remained to live on the "summer" mode of time. Despite the fact that the people have a question whether there will be a transition to "summer" time in 2018 in Russia, doctors are categorically against such an action. As well as in 2011, medical research found that the “summer” time regime does not coincide with the biological rhythm of human life at all. And this was manifested in the fact that the Russians began to get sick more often, weather-dependent and chronically ill people had global difficulties with the functionality of the body. After that, Russia was again transferred to "winter" time.
Will the clock be switched to summer time in Russia?
Some Russians do not know if there will be a clock change for "summer" time 2018 in Russia - will it be necessary to move the clock forward or backward? When switching to the "summer" time mode, the clock hands are moved one hour ahead of the regular (standard) clock mode. But will the transition take place?
There is no draft law in the government, according to which it will be necessary to switch to summer time in 2018. Despite active discussions this issue, the majority of deputies oppose such a move. Only energy companies are interested in changing regimes, which will significantly save energy resources.
Medicine opposes the change of temporary regimes, as this can increase total sick. The Russians also support that "summer time" in Moscow 2018 is not a necessity, moreover, such a move could provoke the appearance of quite a large number misunderstandings and confusion.