There is an opinion that the device of the fireplace in country house can only be done by a professional. But this is not entirely true, such a heating structure can be done with your own hands, for this you can understand the principle of a fireplace by studying the drawings and diagrams.
The most important preparation points
Preparation for construction sometimes takes longer than the installation itself heating structure... There are several things to understand in this process. important points:
The nodes that make up the fireplace
The fireplace structure consists of:
- Ash pan. In a simple way, it blew
- The working platform of the furnace or in another way "under"
- Firebox
- Firebox mirror. Inclined rear part of the firebox, from which heat is reflected
- Portal. Responsible for appearance constructions
- Smoke tooth
- Hilo or in another way a smoke chamber
- Chimney valve or professional - a gate, with the help of it the draft is regulated
- Neck. This element is the transition of the fireplace to the chimney
- Chimney connection
- Chimney
- Grate
Where to install the fireplace and how it should be
The device of the fireplace is much simpler in comparison with the stove. On the one hand, this is an advantage, because it is easier to fold and much less material is spent. And on the other hand, such a design has a low efficiency because it gives off heat in half less than the furnace.
How to calculate the size of the fireplace
The size of the furnace window should be related to the area of the room as 1:50. The height of the firebox should relate to the width as 2/3, according to the scheme it will be B / A. Next, we experimentally select the height of the fireplace window and find out the width of the firebox using the formula A = 3xB / 2. It is important to pay attention to the calculation of the main parameters A, B, C. Next important parameter is the depth. It should be 2/3 of the height of the furnace window and is calculated according to the formula C = 2xB / 3. If this parameter is increased, then the heat transfer will drop, and if it is reduced, then the fireplace will start to smoke. According to the rule fire safety the shelf in front of the fireplace should protrude into the room by half a meter. The height from the floor should be 80 cm.
If the length of the chimney from the grate to the upper point is more than 10 meters, then at least one knee must be made. Otherwise, the draft will be too large and all the heat will go into the pipe, plus all this will be an overconsumption of firewood.
The chimney protrusion above the roof can also be viewed according to the diagram in which minimum requirements, from which it is worth starting from. If your country house is not big size, then it is better to raise the chimney pipe higher. The higher the pipe above the ridge, the stronger the draft.
Choosing a place for a fireplace
For this, there are instructions for designing:
- The fireplace is not installed in front of the windows
- Installation in walk-through rooms is not desirable
- Do not use small rooms, as oxygen will be burned out. The generally accepted minimum is 12-15 square meters
- The firebox should look to the center of the room.
- Must not border outside walls
- It is advisable to install next to the load-bearing wall
For many, having your own fireplace is a dream, but its realization requires high-quality preparation and thorough implementation. Put a fireplace on their own not recommended for smaller rooms, as living in such a place can be quite dangerous. But if you wish to fulfill the hearth small size in a room with an area of more than 20 squares, then this can be done.
The most optimal material to create fireplaces, brickwork is considered, but there is also a simpler solution to this issue - an electric fireplace, which can perform not only decorative, but also practical functions. However, for a suburban building, this option will be more expensive and not practical.
First, you need to calculate the area of the fuel portal. For the most part, it is no more than 2 percent of the area of the room in which the fireplace is installed. If the area is 15%, then the size of the portal will be approximately 0.3 "square".
Next, you need to calculate the size of the fireplace.
Elements of a brick fireplace:
A is the width of the portal; B - portal height; B - the depth of the firebox; 1 - chimney; 2 - fireplace board; 3 - portal; 4 - firebox; 5 - fireplace step; 6 - floor; 7 - under the fireplace;
The best proportion of height to width is two to three. The fireplace will be approximately 0.7x04, based on what parameters the room has, whether you want a square-shaped fireplace or create a more elongated shape.
With regard to the depth, it should be not very large or not very small. With a room size of 15 "squares", the most optimal solution the depth will be 20-30 centimeters. More specific figures can be obtained only with information about the length and width of the room.
So that the heat does not leave the building completely, the chimney should be made about ten times smaller in relation to the portal area. Among other things, it is advisable to make the hole in a round shape.
Fireplace size chart
can build a quality corner fireplace that works well and looks beautiful. But as a beginner to do all the work on one's own? In this article, I decided to touch on the important points that stove-makers face when building corner fireplaces.
Real wood-burning fireplaces are not going to go out of style, despite the fact that almost every home has effective modern systems heating. This fact can rather be explained by a person's desire to create special comfort, rather than a lack of heat, although even a small, properly built fireplace is quite capable of quickly heating a room with an area of 16 ÷ 20 square meters.
Wood-burning fireplaces for home - how to choose and? This question arises from the owners country houses who have dreamed for a long time and finally got the opportunity to create a comfortable rest corner, the center of which will be this particular device with a living fire.
Fireplaces are a stove equipped with a large open firebox and a fairly simple system for removing combustion products from it.
The traditional version of the fireplace is brick structures, and in order for such a heating device, it is necessary at least a little to master the art of a stove-maker or bricklayer. However, in our time, it simplifies the task that some of the details necessary for the construction of this appliance, which is desired by many owners of private houses, can be purchased ready-made, or you can try to combine brickwork with other materials.
So, in recent times on sale are metal combustion chambers that are built into the brick structure of the fireplace. Such fireboxes, as a rule, have doors with double glazing made of heat-resistant glass. Therefore, the real fire from the fireplace can be enjoyed either by opening the doors wide open, or by contemplating it through the glass.
Despite the very massive and dimensional structure, brick fireplaces are usually not used as the main source of heat. Rather, they serve as a central interior detail that creates an atmosphere of comfort, which is especially necessary in chilly autumn or spring weather.
Wood-burning fireplaces are also made of metal - they can be purchased ready-made or built independently, if, of course, there is good and appropriate equipment.
Metal fireplaces, unlike brick options, are quite often installed in country houses precisely for heating on cold days, and also used for cooking, since many industrial fireplace models are equipped with hob.
How to choose the optimal fireplace model?
The main evaluation criteria for choosing a fireplace
When choosing a model, it is necessary to rely on a whole list of initial evaluation criteria.
- The proposed location of the fireplace is determined, taking into account the area that can be taken away for its installation.
- The heated area is assessed, if necessary.
- It is planned right size furnaces.
- The material for making the fireplace is selected.
- Wishes for desired functionality are evaluated.
- The intended exterior design and construction are taken into account in order to create a uniform interior style in the room.
Let's go through the main points of this list in more detail.
Types of fireplaces by location in the room
According to this criterion, fireplaces are divided into corner, wall, island, built into the wall and even suspended. All of them, in turn, may have differences in shape and design.
Corner fireplace
Corner fireplaces can be put in second place in popularity after wall ones, and this fact is explained by the fact that they are compact and fit perfectly into a room of any size - the main thing is to choose the right size of the structure.
Corner fireplaces, in turn, can be divided into three subspecies:
- Fireplace located on outer corner premises. In this case, the chimney must be built into the wall of the house or attached to it with outside... Both in the first and in the second case, high costs will be required to build this option. However, a chimney built outside can be a great addition to the design of the building's facade.
- The second option is a fireplace that has a rectangular or square shape installed in the corner of a room with a chimney also running inside the room. This fireplace structure can be beaten in different ways, for example, by attaching a decorative or functional niche to it along its entire height, as shown in the photo, to equip a wide pre-fireplace podium with a built-in chamber for storing and drying firewood. This version of the fireplace will perfectly fit into the interior of a room that is large enough in area.
- Third traditional version a fireplace is a structure that fits into a corner and crosses it diagonally from wall to wall. This model takes up minimal space, so it is ideal for installation in a small room, but it can also be installed in a large hall. The fireplace can be equipped with a mantel and a podium with a firewood niche.
Compact and efficient - corner fireplace
If the corner in the suburban room is still empty, then the fireplace is asking for it. Detailed information about the design, recommendations for the preparation and construction of such a structure, ordering schemes for two original models can be found in a special publication of our portal.
Corner metal fireplaces are very compact along with an enviable heat dissipation, so they are often used in country or private houses as the main source of heat for a separate room. Modern options these devices have an elegant appearance and fit well into interiors of different styles.
Prices for corner fireplaces
corner fireplace
Wall mounted fireplaces
The design of a wall-mounted fireplace is the most popular option. The structure is adjacent to the wall with its back side and at the same time does not take up much space in the room, since the approximate average size of its base is 750 × 1250 mm.
Wall mounted fireplaces look very elegant and can be made in different styles... In addition, there are designs of this type of fireplaces, which are adjacent to the wall not with the back, but with the side. In construction, such a design is more complicated, however, it also has its advantages.
A fireplace installed in this way will divide the room into different zones, and when installing a finished metal firebox, glazed on three or two sides, the game of flame can be observed from anywhere in the room.
Wall can be metal options fireplaces, and produced different models these devices, which can be equipped with one or more functions. Design decoration Such stoves-fireplaces are varied, so it is quite possible to choose an option that not only does not spoil the interior, but also becomes that "highlight" for it, which will attract attention.
Fireplaces built into the wall
Fireplaces built into the wall differ from all other types in that its chimney is attached to the wall from the street side, the structure itself is in the wall, and only the fireplace portal protrudes into the room.
The advantage of such a fireplace can be called the fact that it practically does not take up space in the room, that is, its area remains the same, as well as the fact that two fireplaces can be connected to one chimney, built into one wall on different floors two-storey house... The disadvantages of this design are the complexity and laboriousness of its arrangement, as well as the rapid cooling of the fireplace, since the chimney will pass along the street, which will lead to high fuel consumption. To increase the heat transfer from the fireplace, and to avoid its rapid cooling, it will be necessary to insulate the chimney well.
Built-in fireplaces can be made entirely of brick, or a metal firebox is embedded in the wall, which is then framed by a decorative portal, matched to the general style of the room.
It will be quite difficult to build this type of fireplace into the built walls, usually its planning and installation is carried out at the stage of drawing up a project and during the construction of a house.
If you plan to install this type of fireplace in inner wall, then it will have to be completely or partially dismantled, and then rebuilt - this process will not be easy to carry out if the wall is load-bearing, and the floor beams, as well as the rafter system, rest on it.
In the same case, if the fireplace is built into an internal wall at the stage of building a house, then the structure can be calculated so that the furnaces will be turned into rooms separated by this wall and connected to one chimney.
In addition, if a stove has already been built in the house, then it is quite possible to attach a fireplace to it. This is permissible if the size of the channel allows, or the heating devices are not planned to be used at the same time.
Island fireplaces
Island fireplaces are called fireplaces that are not connected to any of the walls and are built or installed separately standing foundation... This option is only suitable for large room, which needs to be divided into zones or create a more comfortable atmosphere in it.
For example, if a country house is not divided into separate rooms, but has one room with a relatively large area, the island fireplace will fit very well into it.
An island fireplace can be made of metal or brick, the main thing is that a reliable and solid foundation is equipped for it.
A similar type of heating devices can be attributed to hanging options fireplaces that do not require pouring the foundation, but for them it is necessary to secure reliable floor beams, since they will hold on to them.
Hanging fireplaces are rarely used because they are impractical. If they are used, then more as decorative element modern interior... The price for them is quite high, and their function is only a slight heating of the ambient air. Of course, such a fireplace looks very impressive and is an excellent addition to the style solution of the interior.
The advantages of such a device include the fact that it can be installed in a room even with a small area, since it has a compact size.
The nuances of the location of fireplaces
In addition to choosing the type of fireplace according to its location, it is necessary to correctly designate the specific place of its installation. This issue has its own nuances that must be taken into account.
- First of all, when choosing a place for installing a fireplace in a room, it is necessary to check that the chimney does not bump into the floor beam. It should run exactly in the middle of the space between the two beams, so that between the pipe and wooden elements the structure remained a distance of at least 120 ÷ 150 mm.
- A fireplace with an open hearth must not be located in the area of air flow, for example, opposite front door, since the cold entering the room from the outside will disrupt the natural circulation of heated air. In this regard, a decrease in the efficiency of room heating can be expected.
- A good place to install corner fireplace there will be one of the corners near the door. The heat emanating from it will create a peculiar thermal curtain for cold air.
- It is best not to install a wall-mounted fireplace near outer wall as the cold surface will take in heat. However, if there was no other place to install the heater, then before installing it, the wall must be insulated by fixing it mineral wool with aluminum coated, foil towards the room.
- The fireplace should be installed on a solid surface, so if the room wood floors, then you will have to build a concrete foundation under the brick structure.
If the floors are mounted from thick boards, and a metal fireplace is chosen that does not have too much mass, then an asbestos slab will need to be laid on the surface for installing the device, and then covered with a steel sheet or laid out with ceramic tiles.
Functionality of the fireplace
Having chosen the place of installation and the approximate size of the fireplace, you need to decide what functions it should perform, since there are different variants structures of such structures. So, fireplaces can:
- Heating, that is, used only for heating the room.
- Heating and cooking option - used not only for heating, but also for cooking. This fireplace has a cast iron hob.
- A heating and decorative fireplace is intended not only to heat a room, but also, to a greater extent, to maintain its style.
- Heating fireplace with a water circuit. In this case, the fireplace is an element of the heating system, that is, water, warming up from the heat of the burnt wood, enters the heating radiators, and then, having passed the entire circuit, returns again for heating. Thanks to the circulation of the coolant from the fireplace, one or two rooms of the house can be efficiently heated.
Brick fireplaces can be heating, decorative, and also have a design with a built-in water circuit. However, if a model with a hob is chosen, it will no longer be a fireplace, but. This version of the heater has a more complex internal structure and without proper experience in the construction of furnaces, it is very difficult to perform such work on your own.
Metal fireplaces can perform all of the above functions or only heat the room. If purchased ready-made version such a device, it remains for it to equip a place, and if a water circuit is provided in the design, connect it to the local heating system.
If the fireplace is purchased for country house, in which it is planned to live in the spring and autumn period, as well as most of the summer, it is best to purchase or build a fireplace with brewing function... Such a device will not only heat the premises of the house, but also will not let you down, if necessary, to cook food or warm water.
Calculating the size of the fireplace
In order for the heating device to function efficiently, when drawing up its project, it is very important to calculate the parameters of all elements that depend on the area of the heated room. Calculations can be made based on this table:
| Fireplace elements parameters, mm | Heated room area, m2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | 30 | 25 | 20 | 15 | 12 | |
| Combustion chamber width | 900 | 800 | 700 | 600 | 500 | 400 |
| Combustion chamber height | 770 | 700 | 630 | 560 | 490 | 420 |
| Combustion chamber depth | 420 | 400 | 380 | 350 | 320 | 300 |
| Height back wall | Not less than 360 | |||||
| Rear wall width | 700 | 600 | 500 | 450 | 400 | 300 |
| Smoke box height | 800 | 700 | 660 | 630 | 600 | 570 |
| Section of a chimney with a rough inner surface | 270 × 400 | 270 × 400 | 270 × 270 | 270 × 270 | 140 × 270 | 140 × 270 |
| Section of a chimney with a smooth inner surface | 270 × 270 | 270 × 270 | 270 × 270 | 140 × 270 | 140 × 270 | 140 × 140 |
If the room has a different area, then the dimensions of the fireplace can be calculated independently using simple formulas. For example, to determine the linear size of the furnace window, you need to divide the area of the room by 50. So, if the area is 18 m2, then 18: 50 = 0.36 m or 360 mm, that is, the normal size of the furnace window will be 360 × 360 mm.
Knowing the width and height of the firebox, you need to determine its depth. In standard proportions, this value is equal to ⅔ of the found height. For this, the height of the firebox is 360: 3 × 2 = 240 mm. Thus, the size of the combustion chamber will be 360 × 360 × 240 mm.
It should be noted that if these parameters are increased to please design solution, then this will negatively affect the heat transfer of the heater, since most of the thermal energy obtained from the combustion of firewood will simply go into the chimney. In addition, fuel costs will be significantly increased.
If the parameters, on the contrary, are reduced, that is, the depth of the firebox does not correspond to its height, then the fireplace may start to smoke, since the conditions for the formation of the draft necessary for normal combustion will not be created.
In addition to the size of the firebox, the parameters of the chimney directly affect the creation of normal draft in the fireplace. By the way, the fire safety of the device also depends on them. Therefore, you need to choose the right size inner diameter or the perimeter of a rectangular chimney, as well as its height.
The requirements of SNiP establish that the diameter of the chimney must be at least 150 mm. If you choose brick pipe rectangular section, then the cross-sectional area will be equal to at least 1/10 of the size of the combustion chamber window.
In accordance with the established standards, the height of the chimney must be at least 5000 mm. However, sometimes the chimney has to be raised higher, focusing on the height of the roof ridge and the place where the pipes pass through it. The permissible positions of the chimney in relation to the ridge and roofing shown in the diagram.
Furnace type
All wood-burning fireplaces are divided into open and closed appliances.
Fireplaces with open type combustion chambers are selected if:
- The facility is installed to heat the room on rainy days and create a cozy atmosphere.
- The fireplace is part of the interior style and is also designed for intermittent heating.
- There is a desire to cook dishes on a spit, which require an open firebox.
Fireplaces with a closed chamber are chosen by practical owners of private houses who want not only to transform the interior of their home, but also to have a functional device in it that can heat one or even two rooms.
Wall mounted fireplace prices
wall fireplace
- Presence on the combustion chamber glass doors, allows you to significantly save fuel, since the draft inside the firebox can be regulated.
- A fireplace with such a design can be used as an alternative heating or in addition to the main one, since some models have an efficiency of 75 ÷ 80%.
- When burning wood, the door can remain open, if you want to admire the live flame, or closed, if necessary, quickly heat the room.
- The presence of doors on the combustion chamber makes the fireplace as safe as possible, since when wood is burning, coals from them or sparks cannot get onto the floor covering.
Fuel chamber material
In brick fireplaces, the firebox can be completely removed from the brick, combined with a metal sheet, which is fixed on the back wall of the fuel chamber, and serves as a heat flow redirecting screen. In addition, a steel or cast-iron firebox, which is lined with brick, can be installed in a brick structure.
- The difficulty of building a brick firebox lies in the removal of the back wall at an angle, since it should not only be inclined towards the portal, but also be quite smooth. Therefore, many novice masters prefer metal sheet fixed at the same angle.
- The cast iron combustion chamber has a number of advantages, which include its durability and high heat transfer which are the main positive qualities of this material. In addition, such a firebox looks quite respectable, which is important for some interior styles.
- Steel fuel chambers, unlike cast iron ones, are not as durable, since steel burns out rather quickly. Therefore, if such a variant of the firebox is purchased, then it is recommended to cover the chamber with fireclay plates from the inside. You can also purchase a finished steel chamber lined with a chamotte layer.
Fireplace portal
The portal of a brick fireplace can be made in two versions - arched and straight. When performing an arched version, it is necessary to observe its proportions, that is, the radius of the arc must have a certain size.
An arched ceiling is a more durable option, as it distributes the load better on the lower rows of the upper masonry of the fireplace. In turn, arched ceiling Portals are divided into two types - bow and semicircular.
Semi-circular portal ceilings are called arches that make up half a circle - this is the most reliable and aesthetic of all existing options, as well as simple in execution. Everything is simple with the radius - it is equal to half the width of the furnace window.
The bow-shaped arched ceiling has a flatter shape, in contrast to the semicircular one, and it is most often used to form wide portal windows or if there is a need to limit the height of the portal. A certain difficulty can be encountered here - it is sometimes necessary to find the radius of the circle R, which forms this arc - it will be required to create a template and preliminary "outlines" for cutting the bricks of this curved masonry. And besides, during the laying with a thread stretched from the center of the circle, it is convenient to check the correct direction of the joints between the bricks of the arch.
There is a special formula for calculating this radius - it is included in the calculator below.
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Many owners of private houses dream of a fireplace - this is the personification of a special comfort, conducive to a quiet comfortable rest in the winter cold. Such a dream can be fully realized - to purchase a ready-made factory-made fireplace, or to lay down a "classic" brick structure.
If purchased ready product, then special problems are not foreseen - the manufacturer has already provided for the dimensions of the device itself to the smallest detail and the diameter of the chimney necessary for it. WITH brick fireplace everything is somewhat more complicated, especially if the owner himself decided to take on its design. Many dimensional nuances must be taken into account, and one of them is optimal section flue duct, on which both the efficiency of the fireplace and the safety of its operation depend. The calculator for calculating the cross-section of the fireplace chimney, located below, can help with this question.
In the second subsection of the publication, several necessary clarifications for making calculations.
The correct width, height and depth of the heater ensures high efficiency. If you make it disproportionate, too large or too small, you cannot achieve the desired effect. It will be cold in the house with high consumption of solid fuel.
Combustion hole configuration
The dimensions of the firebox primarily depend on the area of the room to be heated. It must be divided by 50 to obtain the recommended value for this important structural element.
To get the maximum amount of heat at a low cost of firewood, select optimal depth chambers for burning firewood. If you make the firebox shallow, you can get a smoky room. If the house is regularly heated, it will become uninhabitable. The depth of the furnace hole should be 2/3 of the height of the fireplace.
For example, let's make a calculation for a living space of 28 sq. m.
- 28/50 = 0.56 sq. m. - such a firebox must be placed indoors.
- The size of the fireplace is 61x92 cm. The area of the furnace opening is 0.61 · 0.92 = 0.5612 sq. m., which fully meets the conditions of calculation.
- We calculate the depth of the chamber (610 2) / 3 = 406.7 mm. We round it and get that the depth of the firebox is 40 cm.
Features of calculating the chimney
In order to prevent the formation of condensation and ensure good draft, it is important to install a chimney, the outlet area of which should be 1 / 8-1 / 15 of the area of the furnace.
In our case, install a 20x26 cm chimney duct, which has an area of 0.052 sq. m, which is approximately 1/10 of the values of the furnace.
It is also important to ensure sufficient length chimney. Do not make it too high, more than 10 m. This will negatively affect the heating quality. A too low chimney will not be able to remove all combustion products, which will lead to smoke in the room. The optimal size of the chimney is 4-5 m. If you succeed great importance, install pipes with additional elbows and bends.
Branch pipe carbon monoxide should be placed at a distance of 25 cm from the main floor beams, load-bearing walls and partitions.
Foundation calculation
The foundation must have a depth of at least 500 mm. If you are installing the device in a house that is not constantly heated, then increase this value by 200 mm from the depth of seasonal soil freezing.
Separate the foundation heating system from the main foundation with a sand cushion. Minimum distance between these structures - 100 mm.
The upper plane of the foundation should not reach the level of the finished floor by 150 mm. The base for the heater should be 5-10 cm larger from its body on all sides.
Fireplace foundation
Height adjustment
To adjust the height of the heater, special bolts are used, which are installed on its legs, or with the help of supports-stands. To set the required distance from the bottom of the firebox brick construction to the floor, lay several rows of bricks.
Basic requirements before placing the combustion chamber in height:
- it is necessary to provide a distance to the floor of 300-400 mm;
- if there is a niche for firewood under the firebox, this distance may be greater;
- when calculating the placement of the bottom of the combustion chamber, please note that it is necessary to take into account the structure of the floor with all its components. Think about this when planning your heating system.
Calculating the size of the fireplace
Extra options
For a safe heating system in a country house, consider the following additional parameters:
- the protrusion of the base in front of the portal, which tears off the defects of the furnace, not less than 0.5 m;
- protrusion on the sides of the portal - 250-300 mm;
- the pre-furnace sheet should extend 0.2-0.3 m beyond the site;
- the rear wall of the firebox must have an angle of inclination of 20 °;
- the tilt of the back panel starts from 1/3 of the wall;
- the side panels are at an angle of 45-60 °.
Angle model calculation
To determine the size of the fireplace, which is installed in the corner of the room, you need to calculate its area. Divide this figure by 100. As a result, we get the recommended value for the heater. In our case, it is 0.28 sq. m.
The fuel chamber is made in the form of a triangle or trapezoid. This is considered the most a good option to get high productivity.
If you chose the option with a triangle-shaped bottom, calculate the width of the furnace section using the formula:
The height of the corner model should be slightly larger than the width. The depth is equal to the value obtained by dividing the width of the firebox by 1.4.
In our case, the width of the combustion chamber will be 1 m, and the height will be 1-1.2 m. The depth will be 0.7 m on both sides.
Dimensions and power of the Amur furnace
This type of heating device is very popular among the owners of country houses. With him
when choosing, take into account the power of the device, which is indicated in its passport. The dimensions of the fireplace will be determined by this value, which depends on the volume to be burned.
To calculate the power, you need to know total area home, which is multiplied by the height of the ceilings. Divide the resulting figure by 20. This value will determine the minimum power of the installation. The dimensions of the fireplaces will depend on this value.
Which heating device to choose for a country house or summer cottage depends on your taste, but be sure to take into account the recommendations regarding proportions and basic spatial parameters.
Video: How to choose the optimal size of the fireplace?