Large diameter sewer pipes. PVC pipe dimensions

To select the right pipelines, it is imperative to take into account their geometric parameters. One of the most important indicators is the diameter of PVC, PPE, and cast iron sewer pipes.

Dimensions and area of use of the pipe

There are certain standards according to which the size of the sewer pipe depends on the area of its use. Thus, a pipeline with a diameter of 40–50 mm is installed into kitchen and sink drains, and 75–100 mm into the sewer leading from the toilet bowl.

The standard parameters depend on the volume of water that must leave the tank in a certain time. For example, in an apartment of a multi-storey building, there are standard toilet bowls, from which a large volume of water should come out in a short period of time along with waste. Therefore, in most cases, for toilet bowls, the diameter of plastic or cast iron pipes is at least 110 mm.

Table on how to choose the inner diameter for the sewer pipe, depending on the use of the branch:

If you have non-standard parameters of water supply systems, then before installing the sewerage system, you need to determine the relationship between the amount of wastewater and the rate of their waste. For this, certain geometric parameters are calculated.

In addition to the fact that the correct diameter allows you to calculate the rate of water drainage, pipe cleaning is also carried out taking into account this parameter. For example, now the technology of cleaning sewers with Körcher systems is very popular, but they are used only on pipes with a diameter of 100 mm or more.

Pipe calculation

For individual selection of a pipe for installation in houses, cottages or in the country, it is necessary to calculate the patency. To calculate the useful pipe diameter (inner d), you need to know the following parameters:

D - outer (outer) diameter, mm;
B - wall thickness, mm;
m is the mass of a running meter of a pipe, g (necessary to take into account the number and type of fasteners, if a complete replacement of the pipeline is needed);
S - cross-sectional area, mm 2.

Calculation formulas:

S = π / 4 (D 2 - d 2);

Many manufacturers of polyethylene pipes mark most of the required parameters on the communications. But, as a standard, at the bend, only the outer diameter (D) and the thickness of the walls are initially known. The most important parameter is the inner diameter, with its help, the pipe is connected to the main pipe and the sewerage system is laid, the selection of additional elements, fittings, etc.

At the same time, unlike polypropylene plastic pipes, for a cast-iron sewer communication, the manufacturer initially indicates a useful inner diameter. Like steel, it is designated DN. It can have different meanings, in whole numbers, for example, DN 110 or DN 200. This means that for this pipe the diameter of the conditional water outlet is 110 or 200 millimeters, respectively.

How to determine pipe dimensions

Polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and other plastic communications of foreign production, most often indicated by inches. It may also be that you need to install fasteners on the pipeline, but its dimensions are also given in inches, while the pipe is indicated in mm.

To do this, you need to convert the known inch dimensions to millimeter ones. According to the data, 1 inch is 25.4 mm. It turns out that a pipe with a diameter of 2 inches = 50.8 mm, etc. Very often fractional values are used, so clamps, fittings, couplings and communications are marked.

Let's consider their meaning in the table:

Inches	In millimeters	Inches	In millimeters
1/8	3,2	1 1/8	28,6
1/4	6,4	1 1/4	31,8
3/8	9,5	1 3/8	34,9
1/2	12,7	1 1/2	38,1
5/8	15,9	1 5/8	41,3
3/4	19	1 3/4	44,4
7/8	22,2	1 7/8	47,6

2 1/8	54	3 1/8	79,4
2 1/4	57,2	3 1/4	82,6
2 3/8	60,3	3 3/8	85,7
2 1/2	63,5	3 1/2	88,9
2 5/8	66,7	3 5/8	92,1
2 3/4	69,8	3 3/4	95,2
2 7/8	73	3 7/8	98,4

But, when measuring the socket manually, for example, with a ruler, the nearest minimum size is always taken. For example, the diameter in millimeters of the drain pipe for a sink is 34. The outside diameter is 1 ¼ inch. Be careful when sizing, otherwise you will have to buy additional spacers or adapters. But the clutch is selected based on the nearest larger indicator, that is, 34 mm will be considered 1 3/8 inches.

Video: Docking of pipes of different diameters in the sewer.

Steel two-way communications can have different indicators on different sides, you need to double-check the data. This can be done by experimental measurements with a caliper or a cork gauge.

Table: Diameters of ceramic pipes

SNiP

Before you buy large-diameter sewer pipes, you need to familiarize yourself with the requirements of SNiP. There are systems designed for use in large cities, respectively, they have larger diameters, and communications that are used in urban-type settlements or villages. Based on the norms specified in the sanitary norms and rules:

For the installation of sewerage systems in urban networks with a flow of more than 300 cubic meters in 24, pipes with a diameter of 150 mm are used;
To carry out the installation of a drainage system for industrial premises - up to 130 mm, but it is necessary to use a sealing collar;
Laying of pipes for non-pressure sewers is allowed with communications up to 100 mm.

Various domestic and foreign companies are engaged in the production and installation of sewage pipes. The price for communications directly depends on the diameter and material of the drain. Before installing the already selected pipelines, it is advisable to consult with a specialist in order to prevent possible leaks and emergencies due to the discrepancy between the requirements and the purchased pipes.

Every owner wants everything to work in his household, nothing breaks, it is easy to maintain and install. And sewage is no exception. It is necessary that it requires as little attention as possible - it is very inconvenient if it clogs up, but it is no less unpleasant to clean it. If you want to have a trouble-free drainage system, pay attention to plastic pipes for sewage. They are gradually replacing cast iron, and all because they cost less, are easier to assemble, have a large assortment - different diameters and lengths, almost no deposits form on their smooth walls, and even the service life is about 50 years. All this bouquet of properties determines their popularity.

Types of plastic sewer pipes

polyethylene (PE):
- high pressure (HPP) - for internal sewerage wiring;
- low pressure (HDPE) - it is possible to lay outside, in trenches (have great strength);
polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
polypropylene (PP)

And a number of other thermoplastics and their combinations, but they are rare - people prefer to use already known materials.

The material of the plastic sewer pipes is selected depending on the area of application. For example, polypropylene is more suitable for laying sewage inside a house or in an apartment. It has a higher operating temperature range - it normally tolerates media up to 70 ° C, for a short time - up to 95 ° C. In the presence of various household appliances that drain hot waste water into the sewer, this will not be superfluous. PVC pipes, which have lower prices, are more appropriate when laying an external sewage system - there are usually already mixed drains, so the temperatures are lower and PVC can take them out without harm (working up to + 40 ° C, short-term increase up to 60 ° C).

Also, sewer pipes are smooth and corrugated. Moreover, not only the branches from the siphons can be corrugated. There are profiled pipes for sewerage with a smooth inner wall and an outer ribbed one. They have greater strength - they better tolerate compressive loads (have increased ring stiffness), and can be buried at great depths. Available in diameters from 110 mm to 1200 mm.

Dimensions and diameters

Sewer plastic pipes, unlike water and gas pipes, are produced in the form of segments, 50 cm long, 100 cm, 200 cm, etc. - up to 600 cm. The maximum length is 12 meters, but some manufacturers can make longer sections on request. When laying long routes, this is convenient - fewer connections, fewer possible places for problems (leaks or blockages).

Another important characteristics of plastic pipes are diameter and wall thickness. In the marking, they usually go side by side: there are numbers 160 * 4.2. What stands for: the outer diameter of the pipe is 160 mm, the wall thickness is 4.2 mm. It is worth remembering that manufacturers indicate the outer diameter of plastic pipes, and many calculations and planning require knowing the inner diameter. It is easy to calculate: we subtract twice the wall thickness from the outer one: 160 mm - 4.2 mm * 2 = 151.6 mm. In calculations and tables, a rounded result usually appears - in this case - 150 mm.

In general, the industry produces plastic pipes for sewerage with a diameter of 25 mm. The maximum cross-section depends on the type of pipe (smooth or corrugated) and the material from which it is made. For example, smooth PVC sewer pipes can be up to 630 mm in diameter, and profiled two-layer pipes - up to 1200 mm. But these dimensions are useless for homeowners or apartment dwellers. In private housing construction, diameters up to 100-110 mm are mainly used, rarely up to 160 mm. Sometimes, for a large cottage with a large number of plumbing fixtures, a pipe 200-250 mm in diameter may be needed.

How to choose a diameter for connecting plumbing fixtures

According to the rules, it is necessary to make a calculation, it is fully spelled out in SNiP 2.04.01085. This is a complex matter, a lot of data is required, so few people really think it right. Over the years, the practice has made it possible to derive the average diameters of polyethylene sewer pipes for each of the plumbing fixtures. You can safely use these developments - all calculations usually come down to these dimensions.

Name of the plumbing fixture	Diameter of plastic sewer pipe	Slope	Distance between central drain and siphon
Bath	40 mm	1:30	100-130 cm
Shower	40 mm	1:48	150-170 cm
Toilet bowl	100 mm	1:20	up to 600 cm
Sink	40 mm	1:12	from 0 to 80 cm
Bidet	30-40 mm	1:20	70-100 cm
Kitchen sink	30-40 mm	1:36	130-150 cm
Combined drain - bath, sink, shower	50 mm	1:48	170-230 cm
Central riser	100-110 mm
Outlets from the central riser	65-75 cm

As you can see, plastic pipes for sewage with a diameter of 30-40 mm are mainly used. Only for the toilet a much larger size is needed - 100-110 mm. This is due to the peculiarity of functioning - it is necessary to drain a large amount of water in a short period of time. At the same time, there must be room for air in the pipe, otherwise it will rip off the water locks on other plumbing and "aromas" from the sewage system will enter the room.

When making a device, you need to remember a few more rules:

We must also not forget about the insulation or heating of the sewer outlet in a private house. The vertical section that goes from the outlet to the entrance to the trench must be well insulated. Additionally, they are often used. In the case of sewers, they are usually laid outside, then covered with heat-insulating material.

That's all, it seems. The rules are simple, but if you follow them, everything will work for a long time and trouble-free.

Features of the installation of plastic sewer pipes

Plastic pipes for sewage on one side end with a socket, into which a sealing rubber is inserted. The segments are connected simply: an even edge is inserted into the socket. Since the dimensions are strictly standardized, this, in principle, is sufficient for a tight connection. In practice, the O-ring is often additionally coated with a silicone plumbing sealant.

When installing sewer plastic pipes, at times they have to be cut. It is convenient to do it with a hand saw with a metal blade - small teeth cut well and leave an almost even edge. You can also use a grinder or jigsaw. In any case, before installing the trimmed piece, its edge must be processed with fine-grain sandpaper - remove any burrs, make it even. A piece of waste can catch on the protruding pieces, As a result, a blockage may form in this place. Therefore, we carefully smooth out the saw cut.

When creating a sewer network in a house or apartment, it is often necessary to make a branch. For this, there are fittings - adapters from one diameter to another, tees, corners with different degrees of rotation, etc.

Plastic pipeline with a diameter of 5 cm

Construction and repair work is not complete without the installation or replacement of the sewerage system. Iron and cast iron sections are gradually becoming a thing of the past. They are heavy, corrosive and expensive. Their use makes sense only at those facilities that are experiencing a high operational load.

To create internal sewage systems in residential buildings, government and commercial organizations, shopping, entertainment and sports centers, plastic pipes of 50 mm diameter are used. These products have excellent characteristics and a lot of positive qualities. Their use allows you to carry out plumbing work quickly and efficiently.

Advantages of PVC sewer pipes 50 mm

Plastic products have a wide range of applications due to their many advantages.

These include:

Ease. The weight of polyvinyl chloride pipes 50 mm is quite small. They are ten times lighter than similar metal products. This makes them easy to transport, carry and install.
Affordable price. The mass release of this product led to the fact that the prices for PVC pipes of 50 mm for sewage became purely symbolic..
Ecological cleanliness. According to the certificate of the plastic pipe DN 50, these products can be used in residential premises, hospitals, kitchens and kindergartens. Plastic poses no danger to human health.
Corrosion resistant. PVC pipe TV 50 for sewerage is not subject to rotting and mold.
Durability. The service life declared by the manufacturers of PVC drainage pipes with a diameter of 50 mm is at least 50 years.
Presentable appearance. Sewer pipelines PVC 50 have a smooth shiny surface that does not require painting.
Smooth inner surface. Food debris does not linger on it and deposits do not form.
Possibility of installation, both indoors and outdoors. Plastic pipes with a diameter of 50 have a wide operating temperature range.
Simplicity and high speed of installation. The connection of the sections is carried out by means of sockets equipped with a rubber gasket.
Low thermal conductivity. This prevents condensation from forming on the piping.
Good sound insulation properties. This quality helps to significantly reduce the noise of water running along the highway.
A wide range of various fittings for the construction of structures of any complexity. Corrugated PVC pipe 50 mm allows you to equip the sewage system in the most difficult conditions.

You can buy 50 mm PVC pipes at any hardware store.

Application area

Application of plastic piping

Due to its numerous advantages and various sizes, plastic sewer pipes 50 mm have a fairly wide area of application.

By the way they are used, they are divided into the following categories:

For the construction of an internal sewerage system.
For the arrangement of an external sewage system.
To create a rainwater drainage system.
For the arrangement of water-pressure systems.

Based on the purpose, the walls of the products have different thicknesses and materials of manufacture. The most durable are those produced for pressure systems. Plastic pipes 50 mm for internal lines have the least strength, since they do not experience strong impact. They are used to drain wastewater from kitchen sinks, washbasins and bathtubs. But, even they have enough strength to withstand a strong impact or bending.

On a note: For ease of use, the fragments for arranging the external drain are painted in a bright orange color. This draws attention to them, which prevents the destruction of the drainage system.

Internal systems can be assembled from white, black and gray material. The most practical is gray plastic. Dust and scratches are practically not visible on its surface.

For ease of use, when assembling sewer systems, the following elements are used:

tees to create a branched line;
adapters for entering plastic pipes 50 mm into risers 110 mm;
couplings for connecting identical fragments;
angles for the device of turns of the highway;
stubs.

Fittings are more durable than piping products. For guaranteed insulation, special glue and sealant can be used. Considering that rubber gaskets quickly fail, you can purchase a set of replacement gaskets.

Characteristics of sewer pipes with a diameter of 50 mm

When designing a sewer system, you need to rely on the properties of the material that will be used. This will help avoid mistakes and subsequent rework.

The main indicators and dimensions of a 50 mm PVC sewer pipe are as follows:

outer diameter - 50 mm;
inner diameter - 45 mm;
wall thickness - 22 mm;
material of manufacture - polyvinyl chloride, which does not support combustion;
the length of one section is 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 and 300 cm;
operating temperature - from - 40 ° С to + 90 ° С;
impact strength - 2.2 kg / 1 running meter;
connection method - socket.

The assembly of sewer systems is carried out by joining parts in sockets or using fittings. The workpieces are cut with a hacksaw for metal. Fastening to the surface is carried out using clamps. The walls of the pipes are quite strong.

An important detail: Technical characteristics of PVC sewer pipe 50 mm allow it to be poured with liquid concrete. It can be used for laying various communications in walls and horizontal slabs.

Features of the operation of plastic pipelines

Sewer PVC pipes 50 mm do not need to create greenhouse conditions for transportation, storage and operation.

When working with these products, you need to adhere to several rules:

Do not use them for the construction of a fire water supply system.
Saw workpieces only with hand tools. The grinder can strongly melt their edges. After cutting, the cut edges are thoroughly cleaned of burrs.
To avoid distortion, store products in a horizontal position.
The fragments will be easier to dock if the rubber gaskets are lubricated with petroleum jelly or silicone.

Assembling a sewer system is a fairly simple matter that is accessible even to a beginner.

Video about joining sewer pipelines of different sizes

For many years, plastic pipes have been considered a natural choice when replacing an old or installing a new sewage system. Modern production is constantly improving the technology for the manufacture of plastic construction products.

As a result, a wide range of quality materials of various shapes and diameters appeared, which caused progress in the construction of reliable, durable sewer pipelines.

Outside sewer pipe - diameters.

The external drain pipes are orange. Depending on the amount of wastewater, diameters are produced 110, 125, 160, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 500 mm... The size of the wall starts from 3 mm, the length varies from 1.2 to 3 m. For the arrangement of urban sewage systems, a diameter of 200 mm is used.

Dimensions of internal PVC pipes.

For the arrangement of the internal sewage system, gray pipes are used. Standard diameters are 32, 40, 50, 75, 110 and 160 mm... The wall thickness is not designed for high load, varies from 1 to 3.2 mm. Length can be 0.3, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 meters.

Purpose of PVC pipes and main characteristics.

The scope of application of this material depends on its physical properties. It does not hurt to find out that polyvinyl chloride is one of the representatives of the group of thermoplastics, which, after heat treatment and even under mechanical stress, retain their shape and integrity.

Ethylene, stabilized chlorine and additives to improve properties are also used in the pipe production process. The main purpose of PVC pipes is to use them in the sewage system. Depending on what their thickness is, the scope of use and, accordingly, the type is determined.

This could be:

internal sewerage:
outdoor;
pressure system;
gravity drain.

This classification applies to those models that have undergone appropriate processing. The unplasticized PVC-U polyvinyl chloride has the best technical characteristics. The performance properties directly depend on the technical characteristics.

As for PVC pipes, they are characterized by the following indicators:

a high level of mechanical strength, moreover, a three-layer manufacturing technology and external corrugation allows it to be installed deeply;
resistance to the negative influence of an aggressive environment;
ideally smooth wall from the inside, which prevents the retention of solid elements;
high internal pressure, minimum 6 bar, and maximum 16;
the highest temperature of effluent, which is allowed, is +65 degrees Celsius, and the minimum is -10 degrees. There are models that can withstand +90 degrees, but if this happens for a short time;
specific weight of 2 kg per linear meter (the indicator varies depending on the thickness and diameter);
the tensile strength is 50 MPa, and the service life is about 50 years.

Sizes of pipes for indoor and outdoor systems.

The dimensions of PVC pipes are determined by several parameters: diameter, wall thickness and length. Each type of sewer has its own recommended standards.

Since PVC pipes are manufactured in accordance with GOST, they have strictly defined dimensional characteristics.

The table shows the standard dimensions of PVC pipes for internal and external sewerage:

Dн - outer diameter of the pipe,
d - inner diameter,
Dy - average clearance indicator,
b - wall thickness.

According to building codes, each element of the plumbing system has its own requirements for the diameter of the pipes (according to the inner diameter):

25 mm - washing machines, dishwashers,
30-47 mm - bathroom sink, bidet,
38-50 mm - kitchen, bath or shower,
50 mm - wiring of the sewerage system inside the building,
70-86 mm - various bends from the central riser,
100-118 mm - toilet, central riser,
150-190 mm - the section from the central riser to the city sewer system,
200 mm - drainage from baths (saunas),
240-300 mm - drainage from pools,
300-1100 mm - city sewer mains.

Video:

Advantages of PVC material.

It is important to understand that PVC, plumbing, for wiring and sewer, have a lot of significant competitive advantages, the main of which are:

An impressive service life, the duration of which is usually at least half a century;
No need to maintain a PVC-assembled facility;
The minimum weight greatly facilitates not only storage and transportation, but also installation work;
Low, in comparison with analogues made from other raw materials, cost;
The impossibility of clogging the structure due to the smooth internal structure of the part;
Simplicity and the ability to quickly perform installation work.

The technical features of the goods in question are such that their assembly does not require the use of complex tools and expensive labor: all the actions that the situation requires (in some cases, even digging trenches for an external sewage system) can be done with your own hands, connecting pipes by means of a socket does not is a complex process and does not require special skills.

The following two tabs change content below.

PVC sewer pipes have come to replace metal products. In different sections of the sewage system, pipes of different sizes are needed. A suitable choice can be made knowing the throughput and characteristics of the sewer pipeline.

Peculiarities

For the arrangement of drainage, pipe structures made of polyvinyl chloride are often used, displacing cast iron and steel. Plastic sewer pipes are made of PVC and PVC. The material contains vinyl chloride and additional additives. High strength properties allow the use of non-plasticized PVC for the organization of the pipeline with pressure.

Sewer pipes are designed to drain waste water from the water supply drain, for the installation of a drainage channel, installation of indoor and outdoor sewerage. The use of PVC products for the sewage system is justified due to the technical characteristics of the material. The long service life of the sewer pipelines will allow the system to operate for up to 50 years. The tensile strength reaches 50 MPa, so the street section of the sewage system will withstand the laying to the depth of soil freezing. The pipeline is capable of operating at pressures from 6 to 16 bar.

The use of PVC pipes for sewerage has the following advantages:

A variety of sizes and shapes of pipes and fittings will allow you to assemble a sewage system of any complexity.
Smooth inner walls prevent sewage drains from settling, preventing the formation of blockages in a small diameter and preventing deposits from overgrowing the pipe passage.
Low weight of products and ease of cutting means quick and easy assembly and disassembly without additional tools.
Inert to chemicals and corrosive effects.
Affordable price of pipeline elements.

Operating temperature range from -10 to +65 degrees. At -18 degrees, polyvinyl chloride becomes brittle. The material is resistant to softening during short-term heating up to +90 degrees.

Dimensions (edit)

Plastic sewer pipe elements are produced in accordance with GOST 51613-2000. Dimensions of PVC pipes are determined by such indicators as length, outer diameter, inner diameter of the socket, bore diameter, wall thickness. Outside diameter assumes the nominal size of the product. The capacity depends on the bore diameter.

The wall thickness determines the strength of the pipeline, what kind of load the pipe structure can withstand.

According to the strength class, they are classified:

lightweight SN2 structures with wall thickness less than 2.3 mm can withstand loads up to 630 Pa;
medium-weight SN4 with walls from 2.5 to 12.3 mm dependent on the diameter, cope with pressures from 600 to 800 Pa;
heavy SN8 pipes with a wall thickness of 3.2 to 15.3 mm, varying from diameter, withstand pressures from 800 to 1000 Pa.

The sewer pipeline, capable of withstanding pressure up to 1.6 MPa, is made of unplasticized PVC with a wall thickness of 0.5 to 1.9 cm. It is used for laying at great depths, under highways, in pressure sewer systems.

Sewer pipes are subdivided depending on the place of installation. The external and internal drainage system is distinguished. For the arrangement of the internal sewage system, gray pipes are used. Standard diameters are 32, 40, 50, 75, 110 and 160 mm. The wall thickness is not designed for high load, varies from 1 to 3.2 mm. The length can be 0.3, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 meters.

The external drain pipes are orange. Depending on the amount of wastewater, diameters of 110, 125, 160, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 500 mm are produced. The size of the wall starts from 3 mm, the length varies from 1.2 to 3 m. For the arrangement of urban sewage systems, a diameter of 200 mm is used.

Depending on the pressure to which the walls of the pipeline are exposed, a pressure and non-pressure sewer system is distinguished. For internal gravity sewage, pipes with a wall thickness of 1.8 to 3 mm are taken. For a street pipeline with a gravity drain, products are produced with a wall size from 3.2 mm with a diameter of 11 cm to 1.2 cm with an outer diameter of 50 cm.

A pressure sewerage system with pumping equipment requires increased strength characteristics. Plastic pressure pipes are made of unplasticized PVC with a greater thickness. The table shows the possible wall parameters depending on the tested pressure from 800 Pa to 1.6 MPa.

In addition to the smooth-walled PVC pipeline, a corrugated pipe is produced. It is characterized by increased rigidity and different diameters. Small diameter gray corrugation, used for draining waste water from washing machines, drying machines, dishwashers. Double-layer corrugated pipe structures of large diameter from 11 to 120 cm are used for laying to a depth of 15 m with high mechanical stress. The table represents the dimensional form of the corrugated pipes.

Outside diameter, mm	Inner diameter, mm	Corrugation protrusion step, mm

The inner side of the corrugated pipe is made with a smooth wall to prevent the accumulation of solid particles, and the outer surface is embossed. They are used for the arrangement of sewerage systems in multi-storey housing construction, industrial production, social and public facilities.

How to choose?

When selecting the optimal size of PVC sewer pipes, the main parameter is calculated - the estimated volume of wastewater that passes through the pipeline. In a private household, the amount of fluid discharged depends on the number of people living. The more drainage points are located in the house, the wider the downpipe. External sewerage cannot be less than 11 cm in diameter. For internal wiring in an apartment, it is enough to choose small-diameter sewer pipes up to 7.5 cm. When draining wastewater into a riser, the size of the circle should not be less than the diameter of the common line. For buildings with five floors and below, this figure is 11 cm, if there are more floors, then the diameter reaches 16–20 cm.

Common sense is used to select the optimum pipe size at the various outlet points. It is not necessary to install a cumbersome sewer network with high throughput in low-rise buildings and apartments. Efficiency will increase slightly, while the cost and area of placement will increase significantly.

Sewerage pipes are selected according to the following criteria:

by diameter;
by wall thickness;
along the length of the free end.

The internal section size or diameter determines the discharge load into the sewer system. Each drainage point of sewage water assumes the use of a diameter of up to 50 mm. The drain hole for the toilet requires a diameter of at least 10 cm, since solid particles go into the drain. In a private house, a pipe with a diameter of 110-200 mm is suitable for arranging an external sewage system. For sewerage from a multi-storey building, the cross-sectional diameter must be more than 20 cm. The size of the outlet to the sewer well in the courtyard can be 30-50 cm.

The wall thickness determines the strength class of the structure. The thickness should be selected according to the expected load on the pipeline. Lightweight pipes with walls of 1.2–2.2 mm are suitable for installation in gravity drainage systems with minimal stress in domestic sewers. Usually the diameter of such pipes does not exceed 11 cm. They can be installed to drain sewage from the kitchen and bathroom in apartments and private houses. Pipes should be freely accessible or covered with a box.

Pipes with strength class SN4 are the most common, used for indoor and outdoor sewerage. The minimum diameter for pipes is 5 cm with a wall of 2.6 mm. For a diameter of 11 cm, the thickness is 3.2 mm. Medium-weight pipes are installed for a common house riser and outlet to an external drain. Such pipes are also used in external gravity sewerage systems in private and apartment buildings.

For a pressure sewer system, heavy pipes of class SN8 and higher are used. To accurately determine the wall thickness, you need to familiarize yourself with the pump power and what pressure it exerts on the system. The minimum wall thickness with a diameter of 9 cm is 3 mm, the maximum is 6.6 mm.

The selection of the pipe length depends on the length of the pipeline in different sections. The smallest section for internal sewerage is 30 cm. The length can be easily changed independently, depending on the configuration of the pipeline. To get a smooth cut of the desired length, use a hacksaw from the tools. For external sewage with straight sections, pipes with a length of 1.5 to 3 m are often used. The fewer connecting elements in the installation section, the stronger and more rigid the pipeline structure.

When choosing the size of sewer pipes, you can be guided by sanitary standards, which indicate the permissible diameter for various drains:

Kitchen drain - 32-50 mm.
Drainage from the bathroom at each point - 50 mm.
Drainage from washing equipment - 25 mm.
The supply of pipes to the riser is 50–75 mm.
Fecal runoff - 110 mm.
Central riser - 110–160 mm.
Outlet to external drain - 110–160 mm.
External drain with outlet from the bath - 160-200 mm.
With an outlet from the pool - 20-30 cm.
City sewer communications - 30-50 cm.

To create a sewage system, PVC pipes are widely used due to their ease of installation and performance. You can assemble a sewer system from modules of different sizes. The size assortment includes fittings for transition to different pipe diameters (reducers), splitters and elbows. The interchangeability of tubular elements allows for repair work in a short time.

Unlike other plastic counterparts, PVC products have a convenient assembly mechanism. All components and fittings in the pipeline are flared with an O-ring. Additionally, you can coat with glue or sealant for strength. If it is necessary to connect two pipe sections, use a coupling equipped with rubber seals. All adapters for plumbing outlets from sinks, sinks, showers and bathtubs are equipped with a socket groove.

In addition to the socket joint, the adhesive method of joining is used. Pipes differ in end shape and wall sizes. When selecting pipe products of a certain size, all fittings must be of a similar diameter. This will help to achieve tightness in the pipeline.

When installing sewer pipes, the angle of inclination must be observed for the gravity drainage system. If pipes with a diameter of 32-50 mm, then the optimal slope will be 0.03 degrees or 3 cm per linear meter. A circumference of up to 110 mm assumes a slope of 0.02 degrees or 2 cm.Diameter from 150 to 200 mm should fit at an angle of 0.008 degrees, corresponding to less than 1 cm.