The construction of buildings and structures is a complex multi-stage process, associated with many approvals and requirements. The design must be strong, durable, earthquake-resistant. Therefore, designing precedes the construction - thinking and miscalculations on paper. In order not to start the calculations anew each time, they created special standards, adhering to which you can quickly build high-quality buildings. Construction standards provide for all the nuances: the materials to be used, the dimensions of buildings, as well as the dimensions of window and doorways. The window opening should provide desired level natural light, while the strength of the structure should not suffer. A standard doorway should provide free access to the room, not only for people, but also for furniture. The application of standards for window and door openings facilitates the work of manufacturers of door panels and window frames.
Entrance and interior doors in the house: standard size and width of the doorway
Standard sizes of doors and doorways are indicated in special documents - SNiPs. Depending on the type of premises (residential, bathroom, administrative) and the type of doors (interior, entrance), the following standards are distinguished:
- Interior doors: opening height 1970 mm and 2070 mm, door height 1900 mm and 2000 mm. Opening width: 620, 670, 770, 870 and 970 mm, width door leaf: 550, 600, 700, 800, 900 mm. In this case, the thickness of the box should be 108 mm.
- Entrance doors: opening height 2065 mm and 2165 mm, leaf height 2000 mm and 2100 mm, respectively. The opening width is 930, 980 and 1030 mm, and the web width is 800, 850, 900 mm.
These are the standards of “single” doors, double doors are also installed: two sheets of 550 mm each allow you to get an opening under the door, the dimensions of which will be 1100 mm.
Of course, the size of the doorway can be changed, but in this case you will have to order doors customized size. Moreover, resizing is referred to as re-planning and requires special permission from the architectural department. A significant increase in the doorway can weaken the structure and cause structural failure.
Another option is also possible, if there is a doorway of non-standard sizes, its geometry is changed (extra sections are laid) and standard doors are installed.
Continuing the conversation about standard door sizes, it is worth mentioning that we mean ordinary swing doors. However, in Lately Sliding doors are increasingly being used to save space for opening/closing doors as much as possible.
opening dimensions for sliding doors depend on the design of the doors (there are compartment doors, "accordion", etc.).
Regular and non-standard width and height of the window opening: how to design correctly
Unlike doorways and door sizes, the situation with window openings and windows is somewhat different. During construction, although they adhere to the standards laid down in SNiPs, the sizes of windows still vary greatly, because the area of the horse is usually calculated based on the square of the room. Therefore, in houses of various types there will be windows different size. For example, in a standard panel house, two-leaf windows have a size of 1300x1400 mm, three-leaf windows have a size of 2050x1400 or 2070x1400 mm. In "Khrushchev" the size depends on the width of the window sill. In apartments with wide window sills double-leaf windows have a size of 1450x1500 mm, three-leaf windows - 2040x1500 mm. If the window sills are narrow, then the window sizes are smaller: 1300X1350 mm and 2040X1350 mm.
The buildings are built in several stages. The house must be durable. There are several standards that many materials must meet. They are called GOSTs. They must also match the window opening. Standards regulate materials and dimensions.
Opening dimensions
Standard sizes window openings designed for the design of the house, as well as for its construction. These rules are also used when erecting private house. Dimensions save not only time, but also money. Therefore, many people ask - are there GOST sizes for window openings?
You can make any window, but there are rules. If the window has two sashes, the standard size will be 1300 high by 1350 wide (mm). There are also 1400 * 1300 mm. and 1450*1500 mm. - For three-leaf windows, the dimensions are: 1400 * 2050 mm., 2040 * 1500 mm. and 2040*1350 mm.
Types of window openings:
- Arched.
- In a niche.
- Curved.
- Regular rectangular.
- Panoramic.
- With swivel frame.
- Curved top.
- With sliding frame.
- With folding binding.
- French.
- Bay window.
Types of window openings
Window opening: how to determine the width and height
When a window opening is selected, the dimensions may be different. To determine the area of the window, use the area of \u200b\u200bthe room or the size of the house. This will be influenced by what kind of glazing scheme will be. Currently there are GOSTs for windows.
Window opening GOST 11214-86. says that the minimum height should be 1160, maximum 2060 mm. Minimum width 870, maximum 2670 mm. However, lighting also affects these dimensions, do not forget about the features of the room.
The cost of plastic windows largely depends on their size. It's no secret that standard models are much cheaper to produce than others. Therefore, when building or repairing a house, apartment or office space, it would be useful to know standard sizes window openings. This will help you choose the right window parameters and calculate the approximate cost of glazing.
Standards for window openings in apartments
Typical window sizes in high-rise buildings depend on the house series. Consider the most common options.
old fund
This is the name of houses built at the beginning of the 20th century, before the revolution. They are distinguished by thick walls, spacious rooms and corridors, high ceilings and, as a result, high window openings.
A standard single-leaf window in an old fund can have dimensions of 115 × 190 cm or 85 × 115 cm.
Two-leaf designs can be presented in one of three options 115x190 cm, 130x220 cm or 150x190 cm.
Three-leaf windows in the old fund are of the same type - 240 × 210 cm.
Stalin-type houses (Stalinka)
Buildings built in the period from the 1930s to the 1960s are usually very beautiful in appearance. They are distinguished by strict architecture, high ceilings, rooms and kitchens. large area. Such houses were built of brick, faced with granite on the outside, or plastered, often used stucco molding and bas-reliefs.
Due big size rooms, single-leaf windows in stalinkas were not used. Bivalves were made in two versions - 115 × 195 cm and 150 × 190 cm, three-leaf - 170 × 190 cm.
Khrushchev
model houses built from the 1950s to 1985. They can be made of panels or bricks, they are distinguished by low ceilings, poor sound insulation, small interior spaces. From the outside, the Khrushchevs look the same - with flat roofs and without decorations on the facade. In height - from 3 to 5 floors.
The size of the window opening in Khrushchev can be determined by the width of the window sill. IN brick houses with wide window sills, a double-leaf window, according to the standard, should be 145 × 150 cm, a three-leaf window - 204 × 150 cm. panel houses, where the window sills are narrow, the dimensions of the openings will be, respectively, 130 × 135 cm and 204 × 135 cm.
Brezhnevka
These are apartments of an improved layout, more spacious than the housing of the Khrushchev period. Houses can reach 9 floors, and are always equipped with elevators and garbage chutes.
There are several series of brezhnevkas, the typical sizes of windows in each of them differ.
- In the 602 series - a double-leaf window should have a size of 145 × 121 cm;, a three-leaf window - 210 × 145 cm.
- In the 606 series, the opening for a double-leaf window is 145x141 cm, and 170x141 cm for a three-leaf window.
- The 600 series is characterized by large window openings. According to the standard, a three-leaf window in such a house could be 238 × 113, 238 × 142 or 269 × 142 cm.
Typical new buildings
Modern new buildings are very diverse. There are about 40 series of such houses, and the standard sizes of window openings for each of them are individual. Here are the most common sizes in centimeters.
- 504 - two-leaf 145 × 141, three-leaf 170 × 141.
- 137 - double-leaf 115 × 142, three-leaf 170 × 142.
- 504D - two-leaf 142 × 110, three-leaf 142 × 203.
- 505 - two-leaf 141 × 145, three-leaf 141 × 203.
- 600 - three-leaf 142 × 268, 110 × 236 or 142 × 236.
- 600.11 - two-leaf 141 × 145, three-leaf 141 × 205.
- 606 - two-leaf 141 × 145, three-leaf 141 × 170.
The above data can be used for approximate calculations of the cost of glazing an apartment or house. There are frequent cases when even in one house the sizes of windows can differ from each other and from the requirements of GOST by 10-15 cm. This is most often observed in panel houses. Therefore, in order to calculate the exact price plastic window It's better to call a measurer. But standard sizes will help you navigate the future costs.
Standards for window openings for private houses
The dimensions of window openings and balcony doors are determined by such a regulatory document as GOST 11214-86. In accordance with it, the height and width of the window should be determined based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the required level of illumination in it. Also play a role in sizing architectural features the building itself. According to GOST, the width of a window opening in a residential building should be in the range from 87 to 267 cm, and the height - from 116 to 206 cm.
One of the main indicators, on the basis of which the dimensions of window openings are determined in GOST, is the coefficient of natural light (KEO). Its values are prescribed in SNiP P-A862, separately for each region. The data of this SNiP take into account that window panes must be cleaned at least twice a year, and are valid for regions located from 45 to 60 degrees north latitude. For houses located to the south, KEO in the calculations must be multiplied by 0.75, for the northern regions - by 1.2.
GOST also offers variants of formulas for calculating the area of windows with several glasses in double-glazed windows, glazed with frosted or figured glass, and for others. non-standard options. During construction own house It would be useful to use these data. If creating a full-fledged project with calculations using formulas is not included in your plans, you can calculate the size of the windows using a simplified scheme. The same GOST recommends making window openings with an area of at least 8 times less than the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
Where can I find the standard sizes?
The standard dimensions of window openings, in addition to the above-mentioned GOST 11214-86, are also established by GOST 23166-99. It describes the requirements for window structures, their types and markings, as well as the standard sizes of window openings for various series of residential buildings. Typical window heights, in accordance with these documents, can be 60, 90, 120, 135, 150, 180 cm; in width, GOST recommends making window openings of 60, 90, 100, 120, 150 or 180 cm.
Window openings in the attic usually try to make as much as possible. When choosing their sizes, it is necessary to focus on the slope of the roof. The smaller it is, the higher the opening you can afford. As for the width, GOST recommends that when choosing it, pay attention to the distance between the roof rafters. The window box should be 4-6 cm less than this value.
Undoubtedly big windows in the attic look very impressive. But you should not make their doors larger than 90 square centimeters in area. Otherwise, the window design will turn out to be very fragile and will quickly fail. Even if you are planning blind doors, without the possibility of opening, this advice is worth heeding. Double-glazed windows with an area of more than 100 square meters. cm experience a large load only from their own weight and are very quickly deformed.
Standards for the production of plastic windows
Modern plastic windows can be very different. Technologically, nothing prevents the manufacturer from producing window construction any size and shape. But even here there are certain rules that should not be neglected.
So, in the pivoting sashes of a plastic window, the height should be several times greater than the width. For opening flaps, on the contrary, it is important to choose a width value greater than the height of the window. Blind sashes, as we said above, are not recommended to be made more than 1000 sq. mm, in order to avoid breakage of the double-glazed window.
Although there is an expression among manufacturers of plastic windows that non-standard windows have long become the standard, the implementation of structures for openings that do not comply with GOST requires special accuracy and careful study. Therefore, when ordering such windows, be prepared for the fact that their cost will be noticeably higher than standard models.
If you plan to install or replace windows, you need to make measurements correctly. Typically, this service is offered to organizations that install window blocks and balcony doors. But sometimes it is required to independently determine the dimensions of the window: when building a private house, if the housing is far away, outside the city, etc.
If there is no knowledge and sufficient experience in such work, you should use the appropriate documentation, from where you can find out the standard sizes of window openings.
Standard dimensions
Height and width of the block, its type, design features, as well as dimensions balcony door- all these parameters are regulated by GOST. The document indicates the dimensions of window blocks for different objects: a residential building, a public building.
The difference between them will be significant, since the height of the ceilings and the area of \u200b\u200bthe room are very different. But the document specifies that the sizes of windows for private housing can also be used when creating a project for a public facility.
The width of the window block for apartments and houses varies from 57 to 207 cm, and the height: from 56 to 176 cm. There are two types of single-leaf structures: 57 and 87 cm (width). Double windows: 117, 132, 147 cm (width). Three-leaf versions: 177 and 207 cm (width).
How to determine the size of the window block?
Independent determination of the parameters of window openings and structures different types(plastic, aluminum or wooden) is usually performed in two cases: when it is planned to replace old windows or a private house project is being drawn up.
How to properly measure windows in width
To correctly measure the opening, you must adhere to a number of rules:
- measurements are taken from inside and outside the premises;
- during work, you should use the building level;
- after measuring the height and width of the opening, you need to subtract 5 cm and 3 cm from the obtained values, respectively, from this stock of 1.5 cm will go to mounting foam on the sides and top, and from the bottom there is 3.5 cm for installing the window sill.
How to measure PVC window height If construction is planned in the future, then in order to draw up a house project, it is necessary to determine the approximate dimensions of the openings. Ratio total area of all openings to the floor surface area in the room will vary depending on the purpose of the room, for example, for a bedroom and a living room - 1: 5; for the hall - 1:4.
The height of the window is determined from the corresponding table and depends on the height of the room. The width of one block is approximately equal to half of its height. All parameters are adjusted in the process based on regulatory documentation.
Standards for window openings for apartments
Different apartment buildings have their own differences and are characterized by a certain configuration of apartments. Some of the more common options are:
- old fund- buildings of pre-revolutionary times (beginning of the 20th century). In such apartments, the walls are quite thick, the ceilings are high, respectively, the windows also differ in height. The standard dimensions of window openings with one sash are: 1150x1900 or 850x1150 mm. Designs with two wings: 1150x1900, 1500x1900 and 1300x220 mm. Blocks with three wings: 2400x2100 mm.
- Apartment buildings "Stalinki". In terms of characteristics, such apartments are in many respects similar to housing in the houses of the old fund. Outwardly, the "Stalinka" are distinguished by the richness of the finishes: granite, stucco, bas-reliefs. Due to the large area of the rooms, bivalve and three-leaf blocks were used, respectively: 1150x1950 or 1500x1900 mm for the first option, 1700x1900 mm for the second.
- "Khrushchev" were built in the period 1950-1985. The peculiarity of such housing: the same type of apartments, small spaces, simple finish facade. For brick houses dimensions of double-leaf structures: 1300x1350 mm. Three-leaf blocks: 2040x1350 mm. If the building is panel, then the dimensions are different: bivalve structures - 1450x1500 mm, three-leaf structures - 2040x1500 mm.
- "Brezhnevka" - improved: the presence of an elevator, a garbage chute, a larger area. For houses of different series, the standards are different:
- 600: with three wings - 2380x1130, 2380x1420 or 2690x1420 mm;
- 602: double-leaf block - 1450x1210 mm, three-leaf - 2100x1450 mm;
- 606: with two leaves - 1450x1410 mm, with three - 1700x1410 mm.
- Modern buildings. There are 40 series, the most common are:
- 137: double-leaf block - 1150x1420 mm, three-leaf - 1700x1420 mm;
- 504: double-leaf design - 1450x1410 mm, three-leaf - 1700x141 mm;
- 606: double-leaf block - 1410x1450 mm, three-leaf - 1410x1700 mm.
The parameters are relevant for structures of any kind: plastic, aluminum, wood.
Size standards for private housing
When designing a house, including the determination of sufficient sizes of openings, a number of factors are taken into account: the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, its height, as well as the level of illumination. The main recommendations for calculating the dimensions of windows were discussed above.
Standard sizes of single-leaf windows of a private house You should also use normative documentation, according to which you can choose the dimensions, based on the recommended value ranges for the width of the opening and its height, respectively: 87-267 and 116-206 cm.
Standards for the production of PVC profile windows
Different companies are engaged in the production of plastic window blocks. But only reliable manufacturers take as a basis the regulatory documentation in the manufacture and installation of various structural elements(fittings, double-glazed windows, profile). Specifications for profile systems stipulated by GOST 30673-99, 22233-2001, 30973-2002.
Regulatory documentation for fittings: GOST 30777-2001, OTU GOST 538-2001. Specifications for double-glazed windows and assessment of their durability: GOST 24866-99, 111-2001, 30698-2000, 30733-2000, 30779-2001.
GOSTs regulating window sizes
For structures of any kind: plastic, aluminum or wooden normative documents are: GOST 11214-86, 23166-99. In them you can find information about the dimensions of window blocks various types and for installation in different objects, marking, technical requirements to such structures. The dimensions of the balcony door blocks are also presented there.
It is only necessary to do this in accordance with certain rules and as carefully as possible. For accuracy, you should use the regulatory documents, which are presented standard parameters window blocks of different types.
There has not yet been invented a light source that could replace natural light. A lot can depend on it. For example, a lack of vitamin K, which is formed under the influence of sunlight, can lead to the development of serious diseases. In addition, a person's mood is highly dependent on sunlight. If you constantly stay indoors, you can pretty much undermine your health. That is why windows are needed so that the rays can enter the house. It is impossible to install them at random, so it is important to know the size of the windows in a private house. What are the standards for windows and what should be followed when installing them? This will be discussed in the article.
Primary requirements
Most often, windows are made to order, but an opening must already be provided for them, so even during construction it is necessary to decide where and which windows will be located. Several points can be used as a guide:
- side of the world to which the wall goes;
- purpose of the room
- room settings.
Proper planning of the house implies a thoughtful placement of rooms. For example, if the bedroom in the house is not combined with the living room or other room, then it is better for it to choose walls that face the northwest or west side. It has to do with how the sun moves throughout the day. By evening, it is just at sunset on this side and you can safely read or do other things. But in the morning the sun will not wake up, because it is on the opposite side. If we are not talking about the bedroom, but, for example, about the living room, then it makes sense to provide several windows of various sizes. At the same time, it is desirable that the living room windows face south, you can place it in the southwest. Thanks to this, the maximum amount of light will enter the room throughout the day.
Rooms are rare square shape, more often they are rectangular, so the two walls are longer. In this case, it is better to place windows on a larger wall. This will provide more light inside the house. If we are talking about a room with the same wall length, then one window is enough for a small area. north side it is better to leave for such rooms where the presence of sunlight in large quantities not required. It could be the kitchen or the bathroom. For the latter, the size of the opening can be kept to a minimum so that the heat loss is as small as possible.
Advice! To make it easier to decide what size or how many windows should be in one room, you must adhere to the rule of ten. It implies the presence of a square window with a side of a meter for every 10 square meters area.
What are windows
The design of windows may differ depending on their purpose. Of the main distinguish:
- without valves or deaf;
- with one leaf;
- with two doors;
- with three doors.
The size of the window can directly depend on the design. Special GOST standards have been developed that regulate the size of a window for private houses. standard height normal window can be from 0.8 to 1.47 meters. The width for such windows varies from 0.4 to 0.87 meters. The size of windows with two sashes is somewhat different and can range from 0.57 meters to 1.47 meters, if we talk about height. The width is somewhat larger than the previous ones and can start from 0.87 meters and reach 1.47 meters. Three wings require large dimensions, so their width can be up to 2.07 meters, and the minimum is 1.77 meters. The height of this design ranges from 1.17 meters to 1.47 meters.
This is not to say that standards cannot be broken. The numbers are rather given as an example, but depending on individual project they may vary. It should be understood that increasing the window size should affect which profile will be used. If this metal-plastic structures, it is better to use a profile that has more cameras. Neglecting this advice can lead to the destruction of the structure from strong gusts of wind. How more area windows, the greater its windage.
What material to choose
During construction modern home The choice of materials is not limited to wood. The same is true with windows. When designing windows, you have to think about what they will be made of. The most common options are wooden and metal-plastic structures. There is much debate as to which is better. Do not rely on someone else's opinion. It is important to weigh all the pros and cons on your own. If we talk about wood, then no one will argue about the environmental friendliness of this material. Due to its porosity, wood perfectly passes air, which means that partial gas exchange is ensured through it.
If the choice is metal-plastic windows falls only because of double-glazed windows, then you should know that modern practice allows you to install them on wooden structures. For better thermal insulation double-glazed windows with a special coating or filled with an inert gas are mounted. There is also the advantage of installing modules with multiple cameras. Price for wooden frames much higher than plastic ones. hard to find good master who would make everything perfect. natural material needs to be updated with staining from time to time. Mounting wooden structures also requires special skills.
Everything more buyers prefer to install plastic products. Cheaper to replace old wooden window frames on modern profile. The time for which the supplier is ready to complete the work on the manufacture of plastic products is several times less than it takes to assemble wooden structures. Plastic products are equipped with a well-thought-out sealing system that guarantees high tightness. It also reduces heat loss, because there are many times less drafts. For the installation of finished products, you do not have to hire a separate contractor, because the manufacturing company often cooperates with craftsmen who perform this work.
Some advantages lead to disadvantages. For example, high tightness means poor air exchange. This can lead to the accumulation of moisture inside the room and the development of mold and mildew. If you do not monitor this moment, then you can cause irreparable harm to some finishing materials. In order not to face such consequences, it is necessary to take care of the availability in advance supply ventilation. It can be built into windows, be separate supply valve or the whole system supply and exhaust ventilation. Special metal strips are installed inside the profile. Their task is to stabilize the shape of the frame. Unscrupulous manufacturers can use metal that will harm the human body. This issue must be discussed in advance.
Advice! To make plastic windows last longer, you can make a special visor that will prevent direct impact sun rays on the profile.
Wood and PVC are the most commonly used window materials, but they are not the only materials for this purpose. In addition to them, aluminum can be mentioned. aluminum frames are made according to the example of plastic ones, but have higher strength. Aluminum windows stand out for their appearance. But they have a significant drawback - high thermal permeability. Although strips are installed inside the window profile, which eliminate cold bridges, but aluminum windows lose to plastic and wood. It makes sense to install aluminum windows in an area where the climate does not imply the presence of cold winters.
Pay attention! Modern products made of plastic and aluminum are not left without standards. Regulatory documents were adopted under the number 30673/99 30973/2002 and 22233/2001. These are GOSTs, which also indicate the rules for using fittings.
Plastic window for a private house
The choice of plastic windows today has become a whole quest. This is due to the wide choice various profiles that are available on the market. You have to think not only about the size of the window itself, but also about how many cameras should be in the frame and which double-glazed window to take. It is important to focus in the choice not only on the number of chambers in the frame of the structure, but also on the thickness that the walls have. To make it easier to navigate, all constructions of this type were divided into classes. The highest has a thickness of 2.8 mm for those walls that face the street. The part of the frame that is turned inside the room has a wall thickness of 2.5 mm
The second class is different in that the walls that go inside the room have a thickness of 2 mm, while the size of the outer ones is the same as in the previous version. If a structure from a profile comes across that does not fall under any of these dimensions, then this is already the third class. Windows of this kind are perfect for installation in utility rooms.
The heat loss of the structure frame is reduced due to several air cushions. They are in closed chambers separated from each other. In the cheapest solutions, there are only three such cameras. You can install such products in the event that we are talking about mild winters when the temperature drops below zero. If the area is famous for harsh winters, where temperatures can drop to -50°, then it makes sense to think about an 8-chamber profile. The five-chamber profile remains optimal and most in demand. It will easily protect in thirty-degree frosts. In addition to thermal insulation, the air in the chambers of the structure also provides sound insulation. Windows facing the roadway must have a sufficient number of profile chambers and double-glazed chambers so that the house is quiet.
You should not rush into a publicity stunt regarding the number of cameras. The first step is to pay attention to the overall thickness of the profile for the window. If it is too small, then you should not purchase such windows. Thermal insulation will not improve from this. Plastic windows are installed in houses that are assembled in various ways. It can be monolithic or frame structures. And in those and in other cases, plastic windows will please their buyer. For log houses, there is a variant of plastic windows, which are made under a tree. They have Brown color and structure of wood.
Before order
Most Sellers plastic structures They offer free home visits. But it would be nice to figure out how to properly measure windows yourself. It should be understood that there are some restrictions on the area that one window can have. In most cases, this indicator for a plastic window does not exceed 6 m 2. The height can be chosen at least full height if it is convenient in a private house. According to the standard, windows are placed at a height of 90 or 80 cm from the floor.
If the window is to be placed next to a perpendicular wall, then a 50 cm indent will be required, and not installed directly back to back. There must be a distance to the ceiling so that it is possible to hang the curtains, and also not to violate the integrity of the jumper. This size is usually up to 30 cm. For bathrooms and bathrooms, windows with minimal dimensions are chosen so that it is only possible to ventilate the premises.
Professionals measure the opening for the future window, not only from the inside, but also from the outside. This was done so that later the window would fall into place, since the slopes can have certain differences. The design is made somewhat smaller than the opening itself to facilitate the installation process. The width and height of the frame is measured at three points. You need to know the size in the middle, bottom and top. The smallest size will be the width of the window. You can not be guided by this rule if it is possible to partially expand the window opening. A video on choosing a design profile is below.
Summary
As you can see, the choice of design for the opening is a responsible task. It's about not only about the material, but also about the profile itself. It is important to understand very well the conditions in which the structure will be operated in order not to overpay for advertising slogans. In addition, the ability to independently carry out periodic maintenance of the structure will save on the fee for the craftsmen.