How to Grow Green Onions in a Basement - A Practical Guide. Growing green onions: the secrets of a good harvest

Green onions organically complement the taste of many dishes, giving it a fresh spring flavor while saturating food with various vitamins. This product is in demand all year round, however, you can find it in abundance on the shelves only in summer, when farmers and villagers harvest from open ground.

Considering onion cultivation as a business, you will notice that given view activity is not only cost-effective, but also affordable for beginners: agricultural technology is a set of simple and understandable operations, and the culture itself does not require complex care and the creation of special microclimatic conditions. Therefore, even novice entrepreneurs who follow the recommendations can plant several beds and get a good harvest with minimal labor costs.

Business specifics

The technology of growing onions on a feather at home is known to every housewife: in the spring on the windowsills of many houses and apartments you can see jars and glasses filled with onions filled with water. However, such primitive hydroponic installations can hardly be called productive: the yield obtained is not even enough to meet personal needs. Therefore, in business it comes on a slightly different scale: in summer, onions are massively cultivated in the beds directly in the open field, and in winter they use heated and unheated greenhouse complexes for these purposes.

If you have a land plot, the summer option seems to be the simplest, since only planting material, water and fertilizers are needed to grow onions for sale. However, in the warm season, numerous summer residents and rural residents compete with the farmer, massively filling the markets with their goods. As a result, supply exceeds demand many times, the price decreases, and the timely sale of perishable products is under threat of disruption.

The situation looks somewhat different in the off-season and in winter: on the market green onions is absent in principle, and a few suppliers cannot cope with the requests of shops and supermarkets. As a result, the price of fresh feathers increases four to five times, which fully compensates for the huge costs of maintaining greenhouse complexes. Moreover, growing onions for feathers in a greenhouse in winter under controlled conditions increases the productivity of the crop by 30-50% and allows harvesting every 35-45 days.

Considering the above, we can highlight the main advantages and disadvantages of the business idea of ​​growing onions. The former include the following factors:

• Even in winter time the profitability of the enterprise exceeds 150%;
• There are special varieties that can be cultivated all year round;
• Greens are constantly in high demand among buyers;
• A business can be started on a personal plot in a small greenhouse;
• The technology for growing green onions in greenhouses is accessible and understandable for beginners;
• The huge sales market allows you to quickly find buyers without significant marketing costs.

Listing the main disadvantages of a business, it should be noted that:

• The cost of an industrial greenhouse complex exceeds the capabilities of many aspiring entrepreneurs;
• Market price fluctuations can be unpredictable;
• Products are characterized short term storage;
• In early summer, the level of competition exceeds reasonable limits.

Varieties for cultivation

Construction and maintenance winter greenhouses are expensive for the entrepreneur. Therefore, considering the cultivation of green onions as a business, it is necessary Special attention to devote to the issue of selection of productive varieties that can grow and give a good harvest in artificial conditions... For example, in autumn and winter, it makes no sense to plant in greenhouses. onion, since this species is characterized by a long dormant period: at this time, the buds of shoots are still absent in the bulbs - accordingly, even when using special technologies they will not sprout.

Fortunately, there are other types of onions that have a dormant period of no more than a few weeks - bunch of onions, tiered onions, chives, slugs or shallots:

1. Batun onion. The leaves are similar in appearance and taste to those of the common onion species, but this variety does not form a real bulb, so farmers are more likely to grow onions from seeds for greens. At a temperature of 15 ° C and a humidity of 80–85%, the yield of the batun reaches 3.5–4 kg / m²;
2. Leek. Broad, garlic-like feathers grow on a thick white stem, which is also edible. For its formation, the shoots obtained from seeds are planted in grooves 8–10 cm deep, gradually adding soil in the process of growth. Average crop yield - 2 kg / m²;
3. Shallot. It also resembles onions, but differs from it in strong branching and the structure of the bulb, more like a garlic one: in each nest, up to 10 lobes are formed, simultaneously releasing shoots. Feathers up to 30 cm long can be harvested in a month; the yield in this case is 3-4 kg / m²;
4. Chives bow. Not only narrow long leaves, but also false bulbs up to 1 cm in diameter. The yield reaches 3 kg / m², but this variety needs a special lighting regime - otherwise the shoots grow thin and pale green. Chives are propagated by dividing the rhizome;
5. Slime onion. A feature of this species are wide feathers with a garlic smell, filled with slimy juice. Perennial slime does not have a dormant period and grows continuously, and the maximum yield is reached in the third year - up to 4.5 kg / m². For reproduction, cultivation of onions from seeds and dividing the rhizome into shoots are practiced with equal success;
6. Multi-tiered bow. Also called Egyptian. It is characterized by the formation of small aerial bulbs at the ends of the shoots, from which young feathers subsequently grow. For 25-40 days, the leaves grow up to 45 cm, and the yield reaches 4 kg / m². Egyptian onions are grown from both underground and aerial bulbs;
7. Onion. The most common species, driving feathers up to 30 cm long in a month. To grow green onions at home, southern varieties with a short dormant period are used. The crop yield when using intensive technologies reaches 13-15 kg / m².

Growing methods

To grow onions, it is necessary to ensure the flow to its roots. nutrients and moisture. Suitable methods for this can be classified according to the planting method and type of soil:

1. In the soil. Light types of soils saturated with organic matter are used as soil - for example, garden soil or a mixture of peat and sand. At the same time, agricultural technology is the same for all varieties, differences are observed only in the way of reproduction. In the open field, seeds are planted in early spring to obtain summer harvest, or at the end of summer for wintering plants under the snow. In the greenhouse, seeds are sown at any time, and last year's planting material - at the end of a dormant period, the duration of which is determined by the type of onion;
2. On sawdust. The main advantages of sawdust are its loose structure and the ability to hold water well. but this material does not contain nutrients in a form accessible to plants, therefore, the beds should be regularly watered with a solution of NPK-complex fertilizers, adding wood ash and saltpeter as needed. On the other hand, sawdust does not stick to the feathers at all and does not pollute the bulbs, which somewhat simplifies the harvesting process. In addition, this material does not need to be changed after each cycle - it is enough to add a fresh layer of 2-3 cm on top and water it abundantly;
3. In hydroponics. Hydroponic onion growing technology involves the use of special mats saturated with a nutrient solution. As a basis for them, coconut fiber is used, which has an optimal structure for the root system and good hygroscopicity. For the rapid development of roots, the plants are kept in the dark for the first 10 days, and at the end of their germination, they switch to normal daylight hours;
4. Aeroponics. Aeroponic installations do not use any kind of substrate at all, which excludes contact with dirt and prevents the development of many types of diseases. The essence of the method is as follows: the plants are placed in special containers so that the whole root system was in the air. Onions are fed by continuous irrigation of the roots with a fertilizer solution in the form of an aerosol, which contributes to the maximum saturation of the shoots with oxygen and the achievement of the highest yield.

Cultivation technologies

To grow green onions at home, two main technologies are used - obtaining seedlings from seeds and forcing feathers from last year's small bulbs, also called sevk:

1. Use of seeds. The seeds purchased or obtained independently are heated, soaked in water, treated with a solution of potassium permanganate, and then sown in continuous lines with an interval between rows of 7-10 cm. When planning the cultivation of onions from seeds in one season, it is necessary to take into account that the growing season in this case takes two three months, and the feather turns out to be thin and short, since all the forces of the plant are concentrated on the formation of the bulb.
2. Using sevka. At the same time, the growing season does not exceed one month: even in the open field, four crops can be obtained per season. To grow green onions, they buy varietal types of sets or a sample - medium-sized bulbs with a diameter of up to 5 cm, which are planted in two ways:

• Sostov - the garden bed is completely covered with touching bulbs, and the planting density is 15-22 kg / m²;
• Ribbon - the bulbs are planted in two lines with an interval of 3-4 cm and a line spacing of 10-20 cm.

Obviously, the bridge method allows you to get the maximum yield per square meter - up to 16 kilograms of green onions. The sequence of operations for planting material according to this technique is as follows:

• The top of each onion is cut off along the shoulders, and then the planting material is kept in hot water for several hours;
• The bulbs are planted closely, without gaps, in beds or trays, burying them about half into the ground;
• At the end of planting, the plantation is watered abundantly.

It should be remembered that with such a planting density, the purchase costs proportionally increase. planting material, therefore, the choice of one method or another requires preliminary calculations.

Preparation

A large onion contains enough nutrients to forge beautiful green feathers. However, when planting a planting plant's own resources to obtain good harvest not enough, therefore, among others preparatory activities you need to take time to prepare an organic-enriched soil mixture.

Onions prefer light and breathable sandy loam or loam, but forming a crust. The pH should be neutral, as high acidity negatively affects plant growth. Ideal option it appears to be ordinary garden soil mixed with peat and sand. This mixture should also add basic non- organic fertilizers:

• Nitrogen - 10 g / m²;
• Phosphoric anhydride - 7–7.5 g / m²;
• Potassium oxide - 18–20 g / m².

Planting material is purchased in the fall: required amount Seeding or sampling can be purchased from farmers or wholesalers. Bulbs suitable for forcing are characterized by the presence of at least two or three shoot buds: to be sure of the quality of the batch, you need to take a few pieces at random from each bag and cut them across.

In addition, bulbs are often treated with a formulation that inhibits bud formation and prevents germination during storage. Of course, such planting material is unsuitable for further use. That is why it is recommended to buy a sample immediately after harvest: in this case, the likelihood of no processing chemicals much higher.

Growing and caring

The productivity of a crop is determined not only by the composition of the soil: the high yield of onions is equally determined by proper care and providing comfortable microclimatic conditions for the plant. According to the requirements of the technology for growing onions on a feather in a greenhouse, during the forcing process, attention must be paid to the following issues:

Temperature regime

The culture grows better in relatively cool air, therefore, when planting seeds, the temperature before the appearance of the first shoots is set at 23-24 ° C, and then gradually reduced to 18 ° C. At night, the temperature in the greenhouse should be kept at 13–15 ° C with a humidity of 75–85%.

Lighting

Taking into account the reduction in daylight hours in the cold season, the onion must be additionally illuminated so that the total duration of the light period is 13-15 hours per day. Recommended illumination level - 3000 lux: when there is a lack of light, feathers grow pale yellow and tasteless. Lamps are placed strictly on top of the beds to avoid creases and lodging of young shoots.

Watering

You need to water the onion regularly, exclusively warm water, periodically dissolving in it medications and fertilizers. An approximate watering scheme is as follows:

• The first time the soil is moistened immediately after planting, using a weak solution of potassium permanganate. The recommended rate is 7-10 l / m². If the farmer is confident in the cleanliness and sterility of the soil, the absence of pests, fungal spores and mold in it, then the addition of disinfectants to the water can be abandoned;
• A week later, during the second irrigation, Phytosporin, intended to combat various diseases... The approximate rate of fluid consumption is 3-5 l / m²;
• In the future, the onions are watered every 4–5 days according to the rate of 5–6 l / m².

Top dressing

When using fertile soils saturated with organic substances, onions should not be fed. On sawdust and depleted soils, 14 days after planting, it is necessary to perform a single top dressing with a 0.15% nitrophoska solution or 0.2% ammonium nitrate solution. You can also water the beds with a 0.2% solution of superphosphate and potassium sulfate.

Pest control

Feathers that have grown up to 15 cm must be treated with an aqueous solution of liquid soap and copper sulfate(one spoon per bucket of water) according to the standard 0.5 l / m². Plants showing traces of fungi, bloom or drying of leaves should be destroyed to avoid contamination of the entire plantation.

Harvesting

If the above requirements are met, onion feathers reach a marketable length of 30 cm in about three weeks. When starting to harvest, the leaves are slightly squeezed into a bunch at a distance of 10–13 cm from the bulb, and then cut off at a height of 4–5 cm. Small shoots and arrows fall out at the same time.

The collected onions are placed in plastic bags and kept at a temperature of 12-15 ° C for two hours. Then the bags are sealed and laid out in boxes, placing the plants with the roots to one side. It is not recommended to fill the container to the top in order to avoid damage to the greenery during storage and transportation. Pending implementation, the onion is stored in refrigerator compartment at a temperature of 0 ° C for 20 days.

Of no small importance for successful implementation is appearance products. Therefore, you need to cut the feathers carefully so as not to damage them, not to stain them in the ground and not to wipe off the wax coating from the leaves, which retains moisture inside. A quality product that attracts the attention of buyers and resellers, has a length of 25-30 cm and a rich dark green color.

Sales organization

Aspiring entrepreneurs are usually confident that shoppers will sweep fresh onions off the shelves any time of the year. However, in reality, the sales situation is not so optimistic: firstly, high price product in the off-season scares off customers with low incomes, and secondly, few buy more than two or three bundles at a time. Thus, it is almost impossible to quickly sell a ton of green feathers without significant effort, and therefore, in a business plan for growing onions, the following ways of selling goods should be separately considered:

• Wholesale sales. There are companies that buy agricultural products in bulk in almost every region. In addition, you can use the Internet: on virtual trading platforms both buyers and sellers place their ads. This method considered the simplest and least expensive;
• Selling to catering establishments. In this case, the entrepreneur will have to make some efforts and convince the owners of cafes, canteens and restaurants who are already working with some suppliers of the prospects of cooperation;
• Working with grocery stores. For buyers of this kind, price, volumes, delivery times, availability of a return and a deferred payment are important. In addition, products for sale are accepted in packaged form, and therefore the farmer will have to include in the business plan the costs of purchasing packaging material;
• Self-sale. This method is associated with maximum costs: to sell green onions in kiosks and markets, you need to hire sellers and equip outlets refrigeration equipment.

It should also be noted that in order to grow onions all year round, a business will have to be registered: having the status of an individual entrepreneur or a peasant farm simplifies the procedure for issuing certificates of conformity for products and allows customers to provide various accompanying documents legally binding.

Greenhouse equipment

As a business, feather onion farming requires careful preparation of the production base. First of all, it is necessary to carry out preliminary calculations in order to determine the necessary quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the equipment. Thus, the creation of a 175 m² greenhouse complex includes the purchase and installation of equipment according to the following specification:

1. Greenhouse frame. As a basis, a serial model with a width of 7.5 m and a length of 23.4 m is used, made of a profile metal pipe and installed on a strip concrete foundation;
2. Coating. In cold climates, the covering material is cellular polycarbonate 8-10 mm thick. The polymer is characterized by high light transmittance and low heat transfer coefficient, which minimizes energy consumption to create optimal conditions for growing green onions;
3. Shelving. To ensure rapid heating of the soil in the beds and to facilitate access to plants, a multi-tiered shelving system should be installed in the greenhouse. At the same time, onions are planted in wooden or plastic trays, placed on the shelves;
4. Lighting. The level of illumination required for growing green onions in winter in conditions of short daylight hours is created by attaching sodium, halogen or LED lamp, and the latter option allows you to create the required luminous flux at minimum consumption electricity;
5. Irrigation. To automate the irrigation process in greenhouse complexes, drip systems are used, which allow not only to control the amount of moisture entering the beds, but also to feed the plants by dissolving fertilizers in water. In the absence of such, the beds can be watered with an ordinary watering can;
6. Ventilation. When growing onions for herbs in environment carbon dioxide is emitted, the removal of which is carried out using ceiling exhaust fans capacity 1600 m³ / h each. In this case, fresh air enters through air intakes, protected by filters from the ingress of insect pests. Each air intake is additionally equipped with a water heat exchanger designed to heat the incoming air flow;
7. Heating. The basis of the heating system is a hot water boiler connected by polypropylene pipes to the radiators located along the walls. The calculation shows that the heat loss from the greenhouse surface at an outside air temperature of –30 ° C is not less than 48–50 kW. Thus, taking into account the stock required power the boiler is taken equal to 70 kW.

Greenhouse equipment

Position	price, rub.	Quantity, pcs.	Cost, rub.
Greenhouse
Arched greenhouse 23.4 m long	290000	1	290000
Concrete greenhouse foundation	80000	1	80000
Racks
Bunk rack 1.2x0.6 m	2500	96	240000
Growing tray 40x60x7 cm	230	576	132480
Heating
Hot water boiler 80kW	90000	1	90000
Propylene pipe 25 mm	75	200 m	15000
Radiator	6100	16	97600
Lighting
Phytolamp LED 25 W	1350	192	259200
Electric cable	50	300 m	15000
Automatic switch	200	6	1200
Ventilation
Exhaust fan	3500	2	7000
Air filter	600	4	2400
Air intake	1100	2	2200
Water heat exchanger	4000	2	8000
Watering
Irrigation tank 2 m³	25000	1	25000
Water pump	3500	1	3500
Drip irrigation system	1400	12	16800
Optional equipment
refrigerators compartment	45000	1	45000
garden tools	–	–	6000
Thermohygrometer	1200	2	2400
Plastic containers	25	100	2500
Total:			1341280

Investments

Growing onions in a greenhouse is a business that requires serious investment on an industrial scale. An entrepreneur who already has land plot required sizes, first of all, it is necessary to purchase equipment and register your activities with the appropriate authorities: the total costs for these items are 1,342,080 rubles.

The next group of expenses is associated with the purchase of raw materials necessary for growing green onions - planting material, soil, fertilizers. It should be noted that with a production cycle of 45 days, plants can be planted and harvested eight times a year (twice a season):

• Planting material. With a bridge planting method, up to 150 bulbs with a diameter of 4 cm and a weight of 40 g each are placed in a 40x60 cm tray. Thus, in terms of 576 trays, the weight of the planting material is 3460 kg. The cost of seeding at wholesale depots is 18 rubles per kilogram;
• Priming. To fill the specified number of trays in each cycle, it is necessary to prepare or buy 9.7 m³ of substrate at a price of 800 rubles per cubic meter;
• Firewood. Dry chopped firewood purchased once a year: to heat the greenhouse during the cold period, it is enough to prepare 90–100 m³ of logs. The cost of birch firewood is 1300 rubles / m³, pine firewood - 900 rubles / m³;
• Lighting. With a total power of 4.8 kW lamps, electricity consumption is 28.8 kW per day in winter, and 14.4 kW per day in autumn and spring, which is due to a change in the length of daylight hours. In summer, when growing onions on a feather in a greenhouse artificial lighting not required.

Running costs

Article	Winter	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Amount, rub.
Sevok, 6920 kg	124416	124416	124416	124416	497664
Greenhouse soil, 19.4 m³	15480	15480	15480	15480	61920
Fertilizers, 10 kg	8000	8000	8000	8000	32000
Firewood, 100 m³	130000	–	–	–	130000
Lighting	3370	1685	–	1685	6740
Certification	3000	3000	3000	3000	12000
Connection	1000	1000	1000	1000	4000
Fare	2000	2000	2000	2000	8000
Total:					752324

Income and profitability

Experienced gardeners claim that the total mass of green leaves at the first cut reaches 50-70% of the initial weight of the bulb. The tray for growing onions for feathers holds 6 kg of planting material: the expected crop weight is 3.6 kg (7.2 kg per season). Taking into account price fluctuations depending on the season, the profitability of this type of agricultural activity can be calculated:

Onion income

It is obvious that, as a business, the cultivation of feather onions is characterized by a high level of profitability: the total profit of the farmer exceeds 2.07 million rubles per year. Other economic indicators enterprises are as follows:

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Economic indicators

Conclusion

Farmers without proper preparation should not start with a large-scale enterprise and invest millions in the construction of an industrial greenhouse complex. For those who do not have experience in agricultural activities, it is better to test their strength in a small greenhouse or plant bulbs in open ground. In two or three seasons, it is quite possible to master the intricacies of the technology of cultivating greens, build up a client base, collect the necessary information and determine what constitutes onion cultivation as a business: video materials on this topic in large quantities can be found on the internet.

Onions are one of the most unpretentious crops; they are successfully grown not only in vegetable gardens, but also on window sills. There are two ways to plant onions on a windowsill: the traditional way in trays with soil and hydroponics in water.

You can grow culture anywhere, on the balcony or windowsill. Moreover, it is worth growing it all year round. This method is especially relevant in winter and early spring, when you want to have fresh herbs on the table.

• No need to buy onions, and you can save money. After all, greens on the market are always in price.
• Enterprising people manage to grow greens on the windowsill for sale.
• There are practically no costs, it is enough to buy seeds, prepare the soil and plant.

Everyone should have a tray with greenery on the window - it is very useful and profitable.

Onions grown at home will be environmentally friendly, without admixtures of chemical fertilizers. It is not scary to give it to children and eat it themselves.

Dates for landing in the apartment

There are no specific landing dates. Planting is possible all year round, as long as the trays are on the window. Temperature regime the apartment will be enough even in winter. It is good if the trays will be on the window on the south side, although this does not matter. Sunlight will come from any direction.

• If there is not enough light in winter, it is really possible to use a lamp in the form of a backlight.
• From lack of light, green feathers will turn yellow and wither.
• Moderate watering is possible; excess moisture will cause root rot.

In general, there are no difficulties in growing it. Landed in different terms, the onion will regularly produce crops. While shoots are forming in one tray, good greens will already grow in the second, which can be cut off for salads.

How to grow onions on the windowsill?

Surely many are familiar with the method of growing in a glass. Big harvest this method cannot be achieved. It's a different matter if you plant the bulbs in a flat tray so that there are many seeds. You can plant it in flower pots, just not very deep.

Enterprising people who do not lose anything for this purpose use food containers and plastic bottles. There are no fundamental rules for choosing a container, anything will do. So that the water does not stagnate, you need a pan and holes at the bottom of the bottom.

Flat plastic containers are widely available for sale in which you can grow any greenery. They are sold already with pallets. In the old fashioned way, trays are knocked down from wooden planks. When using plastic bottles, they are often cut across. Bottles with a volume of 3-5 liters are well suited for this purpose.

Modern methods of growing onions at home include designs from plastic bottles with holes. There are many options, choose for yourself suitable way not difficult.

Having organized mini-beds on the windowsill, you will always be with fresh herbs.

Soil requirements

An unpretentious crop will grow in almost any soil. But the difference still exists, bad soil from watering will turn into a lump. Will start to grow moldy. Due to the lack of nutrients and fertilizers, the bulbs will grow poorly in it. You can prepare the soil yourself or buy a ready-made composition at a flower shop.

1. If you will be growing your bulbs on a windowsill, you need a soil that is neutral in acidity.
2. The soil should be loose and crumbly. This can be achieved by adding peat to the ground.
3. Care must also be taken to ensure good drainage. Vermiculite (a mineral filler used to grow indoor flowers) is ideal for this purpose.

The soil is prepared independently in a ratio of 1: 3. Peat, sand and humus are added to the ground. The resulting composition for disinfection is dried inside the oven.

You can disinfect the soil from fungi with a solution of water and hydrogen peroxide.

Planting onions at home on greens

In order for the bulbs to sprout quickly, you need to carefully trim the tails with scissors. You do not need to touch the roots, and thanks to trimming the tails, it will give greens faster. It can also be soaked in water for half an hour and then planted in trays. Moisture will facilitate the quickest awakening of dried roots.

1. Onions for planting are medium-sized onions. If you take small seeds, the feathers will grow thin. Large feathers will be thick.
2. They are successfully grown on the windowsill (in the folk way).
3. You can try to plant the onion with seeds, it will sprout up, but the feathers will be very thin and weak.
4. Seed material is selected based on what kind of feather you need. The best option- a medium-sized golden onion species.

The heads are planted on equal distance... It is not necessary to adhere to any parameters, since this onion is planted exclusively for greenery. The challenge is to place as many trays as possible on the windowsill.

Bulb care rules

They take care of the seedlings in the same way as for indoor flowers. Watering is carried out as the moisture evaporates. Green feathers love sprinkling with water. In the warm season, the window needs to be ventilated, Fresh air will be very useful for greenery.

If desired, the trays can be taken out to the ventilated balcony. Due to the rare planting, you should not loosen the soil. In terms of fertilization, if the soil is good it will be sufficient to fertilize while watering.

Fit mineral fertilizers for indoor flowers. The simplest top dressing can be prepared by yourself. Have to take eggshell and fill it with water. Soak a jar of water and shells for 5-7 days.

With spraying from a spray bottle, you need to be careful in the summer, the sun scorching outside the window can leave burns.

At first glance, the process will seem laborious, but in reality there is nothing simpler, everyone can grow onions at home. If the plant has enough moisture and light all the time, there will be no problems with growing.

When snow is falling outside the window and fluffy snowdrifts lie, it is so nice to see fresh greens on the table! In addition, in winter, natural vitamins are especially needed by our body. And the first helper in the fight against colds or flu is green onions. Phytoncides secreted by onions disinfect the premises, destroying bacteria, viruses and fungi.

It helps to cope with vitamin deficiency and spring fatigue, increase immunity and improve digestion. Green onion feathers will not only serve bright decoration dishes, but will also have a beneficial effect on the body.

While green onions can be bought in the supermarket both winter and summer, they are not quite the same as those grown on your own windowsill. Firstly, by planting green onions at home, you can pick the required number of feathers for cooking at any time, and secondly, you will be sure that the greens were grown without using any harmful substances and chemicals.

By planting green onions at home, you can pick the required number of feathers for cooking at any time.

Growing onions at home may seem affordable to any child - stuck an onion into the ground in flower pot and watch the green feathers appear. However, if you decide to get serious about the matter and eventually collect a rich harvest of not only greens, but also the bulbs themselves, you will need to take into account a number of basic rules and nuances.

Video about growing green onions at home

Instructions on how to grow green onions at home

In winter, you can get greenery from the bulbs by forcing them onto a feather, that is, by germinating the root crops themselves. For this, onions are usually used, which you grew in your garden or bought in the store. Optimal fit multi-primordial varieties(Timiryazevsky, Spassky, Strigunovsky, Arzamassky, Pograsky, Union). The bulbs should be approximately the same diameter - about 2 cm, not damaged or diseased.

Place the calibrated bulbs in a container with hot water(+40 degrees) and put on the battery central heating for a day. After soaking, a layer of brown husk can be removed to ensure the quality of the selected root crops and to remove the damaged layer, if any. Before planting, the top of the bulbs is cut off by one and a half centimeters.

In winter, you can get greenery from the bulbs by forcing on a feather.

Prepare the soil in the container

To sprout onions at home, you can use any boxes, bowls, containers or trays with a depth of 7 cm or more.It is best to prepare two containers so that you can grow green onions in a conveyor way - then you do not have to wait for the next portion of onion feathers to sprout.

As a soil, you can use land or substrate: fine expanded clay, fine gravel, sand. The substrate should be pre-washed with a hot concentrated solution of potassium permanganate and running water. Fill the boxes with soil 3-4 cm, if you have chosen a substrate, fill it with water so that it covers the surface by 1 cm. Dip the prepared bulbs into the ground every two centimeters, keeping them upright. It is not necessary to deepen the onion too much, only the roots should be in the water, otherwise the bulbs will rot.

Further care of greens

Water the planted bulbs every other day with warm water

A container for a week is placed in warm place where the temperature does not drop below +25 degrees. When feathers 1–2 cm high appear on the bulbs, move the box to the windowsill. Windows that face southwest, south and southeast are ideal. If there is not enough sunlight, you can additionally illuminate the containers with fluorescent lamps. Only in the presence of sufficient light will green onion feathers accumulate useful substances and acquire a rich taste.

Water the planted bulbs every other day with warm water. Make sure that the water is constantly at a level just below the surface of the substrate, and the soil does not dry out.

The first green feathers should not be cut, otherwise further growth of greenery will stop. Cutting is done three weeks after planting the onion, and it is better to cut off the outermost feathers first, since the feather grows from the middle. In order for the greens to grow continuously, the interval between plantings is different boxes should be 10-12 days.

Video about growing green onions

Growing green onions in water

There is another popular way to grow onions at home without using potting soil. The bulbs are processed as described above and stacked tightly in an upright position on a shallow tray. Water is poured into the pan so that it covers the bulbs by a quarter. As the water level decreases, you will need to refill it. In about two weeks you will have fresh green feathers ready to eat.

The greens do not need additional feeding, since it takes all the nutrients during growth from the bulbs. But to accelerate the regrowth of feathers, you can add water with dissolved in it wood ash(for 10 l 50 g).

In the open field, green onions can be obtained in three ways: by sowing seeds directly into the ground, planting seedlings and planting with bulbs - sevka and sampling.

Growing green onions from seeds. The soil for green onions must be carefully prepared. Opt for flood-proof melt water plots. Various rotted fertilizers are applied for digging. Sowing is best done on ridges, which are prepared in the fall. In the spring, the ridges are carefully loosened. Seeds are sown as soon as the soil condition permits, at the end of April and no later than the first five days of May. Four to five rows are placed on the ridge. Seeds are soaked before sowing. They are sown in moist soil, the rows are covered with earth to a depth of 1-2 cm.
With the emergence of seedlings, the first feeding is carried out with urea (carbamide) -25-30 g per 10 liters of water, or mullein, or chicken droppings. Mullein is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 8-10, droppings - 1: 10-12. The solution is introduced at the rate of 10 l / m 2. After feeding, the crops are watered. After 15-20 days, feeding is repeated. The soil is kept loose and sufficiently moist, but not waterlogged. During the growing period, four to five waterings are carried out.

Pesticides are not used when growing green onions. Green onions are ready for harvest when the leaves have reached a height of 25-30 cm. When sowing seeds in spring, this happens in July. Growing green onions from seedlings. In this case, the yield of green onions is higher than when sown with seeds. For planting use different varieties, including southern ones.
Sowing seeds for seedlings and all agricultural techniques are the same as for seedling method growing onions for a turnip. The seeds are sown 50-60 days before the plants are transplanted into the ground. Seedlings are planted in well-seasoned and loose soil in the phase of three to four leaves. Rows are marked on the ridges, which are watered before planting at the rate of 10-15 l / m 2. Rows on the ridge are placed every 20-25 cm, in a row there is an interval between plants of 4 cm. new leaf otherwise it will die.

After planting, the plants are well watered at the rate of 10-15 l / m 2 and mulched with humus or peat. The rows are immediately pollinated with a mixture of tobacco dust and lime, as when growing green onions from seeds. When the plants reach a height of 25-30 cm, they are thinned out through one; the remaining plants quickly increase the mass of leaves, which can be harvested at a height of 30-40 cm.

Forcing green onions from the set and sampling. This method makes it possible to get green onions in early spring, when there are still no other open field vegetables. For forcing, the multi-primordial varieties Bessonovsky, Pogarsky local improved, Spassky local improved, Rostov onions, Arzamas local, as well as vegetatively propagated local onions are better. If such planting material is not available, other zoned varieties can be used, but the yield of green onions in this case will be less. This method allows you to grow green onions in autumn and spring plantings.

For forcing onions, the areas richest in humus are selected, or organic fertilizers are abundantly applied before processing the soil - 4-5 kg ​​/ m 2. In addition, nitrogen is used - 15-20 g, superphosphate-30-35 g and potassium salt-20-25 g / m 2. They can be replaced with nitrophosphate - 30-35 g / m 2.

In autumn, planting is carried out on the ridges no later than 2-3 weeks before the onset of stable cold weather in a half-bridge method / j with a distance between the bulbs in a row of 1 cm.The distance between the rows is left 10 cm or planted in a continuous bridge or half-bridge method. For forcing, samples weighing 20-40 g are used. Depending on the planting method, 1 m 2 requires from 3 to 12 kg of onion selection.

When planting, do not press the bulbs into the soil, as the soil beneath them becomes compacted and makes it difficult for roots to grow. The bulbs are placed in loose soil and sprinkled with earth on top with a layer of 3-4 cm, and with the onset of cold weather they add additional earth, humus or peat with a layer of 6-10 cm. The shelter contributes to better overwintering of the bulbs. In early spring, with the beginning of snow melting, the shelter is removed. In May, the onions are ready to be harvested.

To accelerate the growth of onions, use film shelters on a frame with a height of 35-60 cm.Previously, snow is cleaned from the ridges. Under the shelters, the plants are fed nitrogen fertilizers normally 15-20 g / m 2 and watered with warm water - this accelerates the growth of leaves, and the onion is ready for harvesting 8-12 days earlier.

For spring planting the ridges are also prepared in the fall, at the same time the soil is filled with fertilizers. A site is selected that is not flooded with melt water. Planting is carried out as early as possible: spring frosts are not dangerous. Onions are planted using a bridge or half-bridge method, or in rows with a distance between them and the bulbs of 5-10 cm. The harvest will come in steps over time for 30-40 days. In small fractions of leaves, less is formed, in large fractions, more. Consumption of planting material when planting with sevkom - 1.5-2 kg / m 2. The full marketable ripeness of the onion occurs in 50-60 days, then the leaves become coarse and lose their commercial qualities.

Plant care consists of watering, nitrogen fertilization and loosening during row planting.

Onions are poured on greens infrequently, but abundantly. The first feeding is given at the beginning of regrowth (25-30 g of urea per bucket of water), the second - with a leaf height of 10-12 cm (30-40 g of urea per bucket of water), while 10 l / m 2 of solution is consumed.

Green onions in greenhouses. The most common among amateur vegetable growers for growing green onions are structures with a film shelter. Under such shelters, onions and sets are planted starting from the first decade of October.

To do this, in fertile, not flooded with melt water, well-dried healthy bulbs are planted on the ridges in a bridge or half-bridge method. After planting, they are covered with soil with a layer of 1-2 cm, then with humus or dry peat with a layer of 4-6 cm.

In the spring, snow is removed from the plantings and covered with a film stretched over the frames. The installation time of the shelter depends on the availability of heating. If there is additional heating, the shelter can be installed in March; in the absence of it, the film is stretched in April. Shelters are made on wooden frame or use wire arcs. Frame height -35-60 cm.
With the beginning of the regrowth of leaves, one or two watering with warm water is carried out with the simultaneous introduction of nitrogen fertilizers.

Green onions can also be obtained under film shelters in late autumn. For this, it is better to use onions selected from the bulbs. southern varieties; the bulbs of the multi-primordial varieties of the northern and middle zones of Russia, after harvesting, fall into a state of dormancy for a long time and do not grow back.

For cultivation in October - November, the most suitable varieties of onions from Azerbaijan (Massaly local, etc.) and from the republics of Central Asia - Farab local, Samarkand red, as well as Karatal.

If bulbs of varieties are used for forcing at this time middle lane, special preparation of planting material is required. The bulbs are soaked in warm water with a temperature of 30-35 ° C for 12-24 hours, then cut to the shoulders; they also make shallow vertical incisions in the neck of the bulb or two or three pricks from the side of the neck. Before planting, the trimmed bulbs are slightly dried for 1-2 days so that the cut does not rot after filling it with earth. Plant care is the same as when growing without shelter; if the temperature exceeds 25 ° C, the film is lifted to ventilate the structure. Otherwise, the growth of leaves is greatly accelerated, they turn pale, become thin, lie down easily, and lose their presentation.

Watering plants with all cultivation methods is stopped 2-3 days before harvesting. In this case, the roots are easier to free from the soil, the leaves are not contaminated with soil.

Fresh herbs are rich in vitamins. In order not to know the lack of it in winter, you can grow green onions at home. It contains a large number of healthy substances - iron, vitamins B and C, iodine. His essential oils are natural phytoncides that protect against bacteria and viruses. Green onions are used as a spice - they are a natural flavor enhancer.

You can buy this vegetable in the store, or you can grow it yourself on the windowsill. For this, no effort is needed, it does not require special care and constant attention, and the result will exceed expectations.

How to grow green onions and get high yield? To maximize the yield, carefully select the planting material and prepare the site for planting. Windows facing south and southeast are suitable for growing, and it is better to drive out greens from rhizomes and root crops in wooden containers or boxes.

Planting material

For planting and subsequent distillation, use large set, samples, seeds and seedlings. How larger material for planting, the higher the yield. Local varieties are chosen for forcing at home. Most often, ordinary medium-sized onions (more than 6-7 cm in diameter) are used as planting material. The bulbs should be chosen healthy, with a bottom without damage and a thin neck. Try to use onion heads grown on your site, and when choosing in a store, choose medium-sized ones that have already begun to sprout. For 1 sq.m. land area needs about 10-11 kg.

If the bulbs have not yet sprouted, their necks must be cut off and soaked in water just above room temperature for a day. This speeds up germination. In a day, we land in wooden boxes with prepared soil, the distance between the planted plants should be 1.5-2 cm so that they do not interfere with each other during growth, and the planting depth should be such that half of the bulb is above the soil surface.

Forcing green onions is also possible from seeds. How to grow green onions from them? Before planting, the seeds must be soaked for 10 hours in warm water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Then plant it in a container to a depth of 3 cm. You need to sow sparsely so that you do not have to thin out later. Then pour over, cover with foil or glass and put in a bright place. Remove the cover only when green onion shoots appear. With proper sowing, it takes up to 10 days before the first shoots emerge from the ground.

When using small bulbs as planting material, be sure to add top dressing to the soil for better germination.

Preparing the landing site

Any container is suitable for forcing green onions at home: from plastic cups and plates to wooden boxes... It all depends on the amount of onions that you decide to grow.

Selected containers must be filled with potting soil. You can buy such a soil at any flower shop or prepare it yourself in the fall. When buying in the store, give preference to the soil mixture for cacti - it contains the largest amount of sand. If you decide to prepare it yourself, take the soil from the garden with humus and mix in equal parts with ordinary sand. When growing chives from seeds, sow them in well-moisturized soil. Place boxes and containers with planted bulbs in sunny, but not hot places.

Care

Selected bulbs are cut in half without damage and dipped in ash, manganese solution or hot, but not boiling, water for 20-30 minutes. After they are placed in cold water, completely remove the husk and plant in any container with water: jars, glasses, special containers for germination.

• until the roots have grown, keep the dishes in a cool place;
• the water in the container must be changed 2 times a day until the roots grow, after that 1 time a day;
• if you add mineral fertilizers, changing the water is permissible once a week;
• to avoid decay of the bulbs, leave them without water for 3-4 hours or dry them with a towel;
• periodically, the roots need rinsing with running water.

The main problem when forcing onions in water is rotting of the bottom. To avoid this, take an old, clean sock or cloth bag and place the onion in it. Water, soaking the fabric, will rise to the roots as needed, this will help to avoid excess moisture.

Video "Home hydroponic plant for growing green onions"

In this video, an overview of a home container for growing onions in hydroponics.

It is best to grow in special germination containers. They are sold in any gardening store. How to grow green onions in such containers is not great science: the bulbs are placed in the holes provided for them, water is poured into a closed sump and, with the help of a compressor, it is sprayed all the time. The roots practically do not come into contact with water, but they grow quickly and give a good harvest.

Harvesting

In boxes with soil, onions begin to sprout in 2-3 days, and after about 16-18 days, depending on the variety, their feathers can reach 30 cm. Bulbs grown in water yield a harvest in 15-17 days. In winter, these periods may increase slightly due to the short daylight hours.

Carefully cut the stems with sharp scissors, do not break off. If the bulb is rotten or shriveled, the root crop should be removed and replaced with another. This will allow you to have fresh greens to the table continuously - in autumn, winter and spring.

Video "Growing green onions at home"

In this video, tips for growing greenery at home. Growing in water (hydroponics) and sawdust.