Hello dear friends!
Today I want to tell you how grow onion from sevka.
In order to get a large onion turnip, you need to use sets (onions), 1.5 - 2.5 centimeters in size.
Preparing seedlings for planting:
Before planting onion sets, it is necessary to sort out, remove all bare, dried, damaged, diseased, cut, sprouted onions. Those that remain must be sorted by size so that our seedlings are uniform. Large bulbs should be planted in the garden first, then medium and at the end the smallest bulbs.
When using your onion sets, which you have stored at a temperature of 18 - 20 degrees, you do not need to additionally warm it up. If planting material purchased, then 2 - 3 days before planting, it is necessary to warm up the onion sets next to the heaters at a temperature of 30 - 35 degrees. You can also carry out other types of processing. Just before planting, onion sets should be poured into a bucket and poured for 1 - 2 minutes hot water(65 - 70 degrees), and then lower it for 1 minute in cold water. If this is not done, then most likely the onion sets will go into the arrow.
After warming up, the bulbs need to be soaked in a nutrient solution. In 10 liters of water, dilute 1 tablespoon of nitrophoska or nitroammophoska or any other complex fertilizer. Mix well and dip our onions into the solution in a cloth bag for 10-12 hours. Next, without washing the onion sets, place it for 5-10 minutes in a solution blue vitriol(1 teaspoon per 10 liters of water). This is done to prevent fungal diseases. Next, you need to wash our onions clean water and after that you can start landing.
We are preparing a garden:
In order to grow onion, a bed for sowing is best prepared in the fall. To do this, remove all plant residues, sprinkle with a strong disinfectant solution of copper sulfate (2 tablespoons of copper sulfate or copper oxychloride per 10 liters of water), at the rate of 1 - 2 liters per 1 square meter. The best soil for onions is neutral, so on acidic soil you need to add chalk or dolomite flour(1 cup per square meter of bed).
Before frost, the bed should be shed with water, and in winter, it would be nice to clear it of snow, for the best freezing of the soil. On such a bed, next year, onions are less susceptible to diseases and pests.
spring mineral and organic fertilizers depending on the composition of the soil.
With loamy soil - 3-4 kilograms of humus or compost, 4-5 kilograms of peat, 2 tablespoons of superphosphate, 1 teaspoon of urea are applied per 1 square meter.
With clay soil - 5-6 kilograms of humus or compost, 5-6 kilograms of peat, 8-9 kilograms of coarse-grained soil are applied per 1 square meter. river sand, 2 tablespoons of superphosphate, 1 teaspoon of urea.
With sandy soil - 1 bucket of humus or compost, 1 bucket of peat, 2 buckets of loamy or clay soil, 3 tablespoons of superphosphate, 1 tablespoon of urea are added per 1 square meter.
After adding the necessary components to the soil, you need to dig the bed to the depth of the shovel bayonet, level it with a rake, slightly compact and disinfect warm solution copper sulfate (1 teaspoon per 10 liters of water). Watered at the rate of 1 liter of solution per 1 square meter of beds.
The prepared bed should be covered with a clean film and kept for 5-6 days.
Landing:
Usually in the southern regions, onion sets are planted in the 3rd decade of April, and in other regions - in the 1st decade of May. The soil temperature should be 12 degrees and above, otherwise the onion sets will turn into an arrow. It is also impossible to delay planting, because due to lack of moisture and too warm weather, the onion will slowly develop.
Before planting, grooves are made in the garden at a distance of 20 - 25 centimeters from one another and a depth of 4 centimeters. Spill them with water at room temperature (20 degrees) from a watering can with a fine strainer. It is necessary to plant the bulbs at a distance of 8-10 centimeters from one another and sprinkle them with soil so that the soil layer above the shoulders of the bulbs is no more than 2-2.5 centimeters, since if you plant deeper, the bulb will change shape and its ripening will be delayed. With a shallow landing, the bulbs can become bare and their growth will stop, especially in dry and hot weather.
Onion care:
Shoots usually appear on the 5th - 6th day after planting. To grow onion from sevka, you need to properly care for him all season. Care consists in watering, weeding, loosening, feeding and processing.
Watering: For the first 2.5 months, onions are very picky about watering (May, June and half of July). In May, especially in dry and hot weather, it needs to be watered every week, while spending 6-10 liters of water per 1 square meter. In June and the first half of July - every 8 - 10 days, 10 - 12 liters per 1 square meter. In the second half of July, if it is very hot, you can water it 2 times in 8-10 days, 5-6 liters per 1 square meter of beds. You need to water carefully from a watering can, trying not to put the leaves on the soil. 15 - 18 days before harvesting, watering should be completely stopped. So that our onions do not get sick with powdery mildew, it cannot be watered with cold, below 18 degrees, water.
Weeding: weeds should not be allowed to appear in the garden, as they create high humidity in the garden and this creates favorable conditions for the development of fungal diseases. If you grow onions in beds overgrown with grass, then the necks of the bulbs will be juicy, which will prevent the onions from being stored well. Weeds should be removed from moist soil when they reach a size of 3.5 centimeters.
Top dressing: to grow onion, during the growing season you need to do 2 - 3 top dressing.
The first top dressing should be carried out when the leaves grow weakly and have a light color. To do this, in 10 liters of water you need to dilute 1 cup of mullein or bird droppings and one tablespoon of urea. Watering should be carried out at the rate of 2 - 3 liters per 1 square meter of beds.
The second feeding should be carried out 15 days after the first. To do this, dissolve 2 tablespoons of nitrophoska in 10 liters of water and pour 5 liters of solution per 1 square meter.
The third top dressing should be done when the bulbs grow to a size of 3 - 4 centimeters. To do this, dilute 2 tablespoons of superphosphate in 10 liters of water and water 5 liters per 1 square meter of beds.
Seeds sown dry, usually germinate in 15-20 days in the form of loops, then straighten out. As the leaves grow, a shortened stem begins to form, called the bottom (several millimeters high). Spare nutrients are deposited at the bases of the leaves in succulent scales, which, together with a shortened stem - the bottom, form a bulb capable of prolonged dormancy and enduring prolonged drought. On the bottom in the axil of the leaves, one or more buds, called rudiments, are laid. New bulbs are formed from vegetative buds next year, flower arrows are formed from generative buds.
In the future, the leaves begin to die, and the nutrients from them pass through the bottom into the bulb. In the process of ripening, the outer scales covering the bulb dry out and the so-called shirt is formed, which, depending on the variety, is colored yellow, brown, red-violet or White color. Roots up to 30-40 cm long are formed on the underside of the donets, without lateral branches.
Onion flower arrows form in the second or third year, after the growth points of the primordia have passed the vernalization stage. The flowers are white, collected in inflorescences in the form of a spherical umbrella. Ovary superior, three-celled. The fruit is a box. At full fertilization, six black seeds (“nigella”) are formed.
Onion seeds are small, wrinkled, triangular in shape, black in color, have a dense horn-shaped membrane and contain essential oil, as a result of which swelling and germination of seeds occurs slowly.
nutritional value
The bulbs contain from 8 to 21% dry matter, including 1-4% proteins, 9.6% sugars (mainly sucrose), 1.8% fiber. Onions contain vitamins C (from 4 to 10 mg%), B1, B2, PP, U, carotene, as well as mineral salts - phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron.
Bulbs are used to prepare various dishes - fresh in salads and after a variety of cooking.
Unwanted Items
Onions rarely accumulate high concentrations of nitrates, but bulbs can be affected during cultivation and storage. fungal diseases, as a result of which toxins secreted by mushrooms can get into food. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to prevent onion disease. One of the causes of onion diseases is growing it the next year after manure is applied.
Growing onions in the garden
New varieties of onion with a description
Hiberna MS(WORLD OF GARDENING) - recommended for winter sowing (in August) and growing in a two-year culture from sets. The period from planting sevka to mass lodging and yellowing of leaves is 65-75 days. Three-legged. The bulb is round, weighing up to 125 g. The number of dry scales is 2-3, their color is yellow. Juicy scales are white. The taste is semi-sharp. Productivity 1.1-5.3 kg / sq. m. Onion ripening before harvesting 89-100%, after ripening 94-100%.
Aleko(NOSOVSKAYA BREEDING EXPERIMENTAL STATION) - for growing in an annual crop from seeds and a two-year culture from sets. Mid-season. The bulb is round, dense, weighing 50-60 g. Dry scales of light purple color, tightly adjacent to the juicy ones. Juicy scales are white with purple streaks. Neck of medium thickness. Two- and three-legged, acute. Dry matter content 14.7-15.2%, total sugar 9.5-10.6%, ascorbic acid 3.5-5.2 mg per 100 g of raw material. The yield of turnip in seed culture is 1.1–2.0 kg/sq. m. Onion ripening before harvesting 89-94%, after ripening 92-96%. Suitable for long-term storage.
Alvina(VNIISSOK) - for growing in an annual crop from seeds and a two-year - from sevka. Mid-season, from germination to leaf lodging 95-105 days. The bulb is flat, weighing 60-80 g (from seeds). Dry scales are purple, their number is 3-4, juicy scales are reddish (white with a purple tint). The neck is of medium thickness, three-lobed, peninsular. Dry matter content 13.2-14.0%, total sugar 10.4-11.5%. The yield of turnip in an annual crop is 1.4-2.6 kg / sq. m. Onion ripening before harvesting 85-95%, after ripening 94-100%. Stored for 6-7 months.
Borodkovsky(VNIISSOK) - for growing in an annual crop from seeds and a two-year-old from a set. Mid-early, from germination to lodging of leaves 89-106 days (from seeds) and 67-75 days (from sets). The bulb is round-flat, very dense. The mass of the bulb when cultured from seeds is 28 g, when cultured from seedlings 55-120 g. Dry scales are yellow, their number is 3-4. Juicy scales are white. Few, sharp. Dry matter content 15.6%, total sugar 11.3%, ascorbic acid 7.6 mg per 100 g of raw material. The yield of turnip in seed culture is 1-1.5 kg/sq. m, in culture from sevka 1.5-3.6 kg / sq. m. Onion ripening after ripening 91-100%. At the level of standards, it is affected by downy mildew, moderately susceptible to neck rot, and has increased keeping quality.
Carmen MS(WORLD OF GARDENING) - for growing in an annual crop from seeds and a two-year - from sevka. From sowing to leaf lodging 64-96 days. Two-, three-legged, slightly sharp. The bulb is rounded flat, medium density, weighing 50-70 g. The number of dry scales is 2-3, their color is purple. Juicy scales are white with a purple tint. Dry matter content 11.9-13.9%, total sugar 7.6-8.9%, ascorbic acid 3.8-19.4 mg per 100 g of raw material. The yield of turnip when grown from seeds is 1.6 kg / sq. m. Onion ripening before harvesting 90-100%, after ripening -100%.
Olina(WORLD OF GARDENING) - for growing in an annual crop from seeds and a two-year-old from sevka. From sowing to lodging of leaves when grown from seeds 67-96 days and from sets - 60-87 days. Two-, three-arm, peninsular. The bulb is round, dense, weighing 40-93 g. The number of dry scales is 2, their color is yellow. Juicy scales are white. Dry matter content 11.5%, total sugar 6.1%, ascorbic acid 6.9 mg per 100 g of raw material. The yield of turnip when grown from seeds is 0.7-1.5 kg / sq. m. Onion ripening before harvesting 80-100%, after ripening -90-100%.
Sigma(VNIISSOK) - for growing on a turnip in an annual crop from seeds and a two-year - from sevka. Mid-season. The bulb is round, medium in size, the color of dry scales is yellow, their number is 2-3, juicy ones are white. The neck is thin. Two- and three-legged, acute. The dry matter content is 17.5%, total sugar is 12.1%. The mass of the bulb is 60-80 g. The marketable yield of turnip in an annual crop is 2.4-2.6 kg / sq. m. Suitable for long-term storage. It has increased resistance to downy mildew.
Satellite(VNIISSOK) - mid-season, from germination to leaf lodging 95-106 days (from seeds). The bulb is flat (85%) to round-flat (15%), medium density, weighing 70-80 g. Dry scales are yellow, their number is 2-3. Juicy scales are white. Neck of medium thickness. Bisexual, peninsular. Dry matter content 15.7%, total sugar 10.1%. The yield of turnip in an annual crop is 1.3–2.3 kg/sq. m. The maximum yield in an annual crop is 3.7 kg / sq. m. m. Onion ripening before harvesting 70-100%, after ripening -90-100%. It has good keeping quality, increased resistance to peronosporosis.
Tervin(VNIISSOK) - for growing on a turnip in an annual crop from seeds and a two-year - from sevka. Mid-season, from germination to leaf lodging 90-105 days. The bulb is rounded flat, weighing 90-100 g. Dry scales are yellow, their number is 3-4, juicy - white. Neck of medium thickness. Trigular, acute. The dry matter content is 13.6%, total sugar is 10.3%. The yield of turnip in an annual crop is 1.7-2.0 kg / sq. m, the maximum yield is 3.8 "kg / sq. M. Ripening before harvesting 72-80%, after ripening 95-100%.
Yukont(WESTERN-SIBERIAN VEGETABLE EXPERIMENTAL STATION) - for growing in an annual crop from seeds and a two-year culture from sevka. Early ripe, from germination to lodging of leaves 83-93 days (from seeds) and 62-73 days (from sets). The bulb is flat-round, weighing 30-83 g (from seeds), 89-100 g (from sets). Dry scales are purple, their number is 3-4. Juicy scales are light purple. Neck of medium thickness. Single germ, acute. Dry matter content 14.8%, total sugar 9.4%. The yield of turnip in an annual crop is 1-2.1 kg / sq. m, in a two-year culture -2.6 kg / sq. m. The maximum yield is 3.1 kg / sq. m. m. Onion ripening before harvesting 68-93%, after ripening -76-100%. Stored for 8 months.
Features of growing onions
There are four ways to grow onions: sowing seeds in a permanent place, growing from seedlings, growing from sets and vegetative - from small bulbs.
In the northern and central regions, most varieties of onions are grown for 2 years. In the first year, small onion bulbs, the so-called onion sets, are formed from onion seeds, in the second year, one or more large bulbs (turnip) are obtained from the set, and in the third year, seeds are grown from large bulbs.
With a lack of moisture and with thickened crops, onion growth is prematurely interrupted and a state of dormancy sets in. If during storage the bulbs were not exposed to low positive temperatures for a certain period, then when planted next year they will continue to grow. On the
Features of growing these features of the culture is based on the method of growing onions from sets.
From some varieties of onions, it is possible to grow a turnip from seeds in one year in the central strip of Russia.
Growth Needs
Onion is a relatively cold-resistant plant. Its seeds germinate at a temperature of +5...6°C. Shoots tolerate low temperatures and frosts.
Onion roots are not branching, underdeveloped, hence the high demands of this crop on fertility and soil moisture.
At the beginning of growth and development, the onion needs a lot of soil moisture, and later its excess delays the ripening of the bulb.
Accommodation
Fertile soils with a neutral reaction are necessary for the successful cultivation of onions. To provide favorable conditions growth in the soil should be an increased content of humus. Onions work best on light sandy and loamy or alluvial floodplain soils with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. Onions do not tolerate waterlogged and saline soils.
The best predecessors are vegetable crops, abundantly fertilized with manure: potatoes, cabbage and pumpkin crops.
For onions, it is better to use areas that have been dug up or plowed since autumn. In early spring they bring in and close up with a rake mineral fertilizers based on 1 sq. m urea 20 g, superphosphate 30 g, potassium chloride 20 g. Onions, as a rule, should be grown in areas where cabbage, cucumbers or other vegetables, except for onions, were grown last year, under which manure or other organic fertilizer was applied.
Since autumn, the site is dug up with the introduction of 1 square. m 3-5 kg of humus and 20 g of superphosphate and potassium salt, and ridges are made in the zone of high moisture. The introduction of fresh manure and excessive doses of nitrogen is harmful. Onions are sensitive to high acidity of the soil, the pH should not be lower than 6-7.
Growing from seeds in one year
Particular attention should be paid to the preparation of seeds for sowing, so that the interphase period from sowing to germination is short. It should be borne in mind that one-year-old onions in the middle lane do not always ripen and are stored worse in winter.
The most appropriate is the preparation of seeds, including disinfection with a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate, then soaking them in a solution of trace elements with the addition of heteroauxin (10 mg per 1 liter of water) and germinating between layers of linen fabric for 2-3 days (until pecking 50%) .
Sowing seeds is produced in early spring, as soon as the soil is suitable for cultivation, in the middle lane - at the end of April. On light soils, seeds are planted to a depth of 2-3 cm, on heavy soils -1-1.5 cm. After sowing, it is desirable to mulch the soil with peat or humus.
When growing turnip onions in one year, very early and more rare sowing in a row is required compared to sowing in sets. The distance between the rows is 20-25 cm. For a more even distribution of seeds (about 2.5 cm apart), they are pre-dusted with tooth powder or chalk so that they are visible during sowing. From above, crops are mulched with peat or, better, covered with a film to warm the soil.
Growing seedlings
Seedlings are grown in greenhouses, greenhouses or in a room on a window in a box for 50-60 days. To do this, seeds in the second half of March are sown in a box or greenhouse at a distance of 2-3 cm row from row. It is desirable to maintain a temperature of +20...22°C before emergence of seedlings, later in the daytime +17...20°C, and at night + 14°C.
Before planting, seedlings are hardened for 2 days. By the time of transplantation, seedlings are in the phase of 3-4 leaves and at the base reach the thickness of a goose feather. When transplanting seedlings, the roots are cut by 1/3 and dipped in manure-earth or clay mash with heteroauxin or root to prevent them from drying out during planting and stimulate the formation of new roots.
Planting seedlings in a permanent place is usually done in mid-May. Plants are placed in 3-5 rows with row spacing of 20-25 cm, the distance in a row is 6-8 cm. Planted in shallow furrows at the same depth at which they grew in the seedling period. After planting, it is desirable to mulch the soil with humus or peat.
Care of crops and plantings
Immediately after the emergence of seedlings, the soil is loosened between the rows and thick seedlings are thinned out, leaving a distance between plants of 3-5 cm. After 18-20 days, a second thinning is carried out, leaving a distance between plants of 10 cm in a row. It is impossible to be late with the first and second thinning, so how it can delay the formation of bulbs. During the summer, you need to spend at least three, four loosening and weeding.
At the end of spring, onion hoverfly eggs begin to be laid. To combat it, onion plantings are pollinated 2-3 times with tobacco dust.
Fertilizers are a very useful measure. The first dressing is done in the phase of 2-3 true leaves: for one bucket of water, 10-15 g of urea or bird droppings in a ratio of 1:10 with the addition of 30-40 g of superphosphate. In the same period, a second thinning is carried out. But in general, onion reacts negatively to organic fertilizers - keeping quality worsens, a tendency to diseases appears.
With subsequent top dressing, mineral fertilizer is applied: 30 g of superphosphate, 10 g of urea and 15 g of potassium chloride are dissolved in one bucket of water. One bucket of solution is spent on a row 10 m long. If the plants grow intensively, nitrogen is excluded from top dressing. In July - August, only superphosphate is added to top dressing - 30 g per 1 sq. m and potassium chloride -10 g per sq. m.
At the beginning of growth, the onion needs sufficient moisture. Excessive moisture in the second half of the growing season leads to the fact that the formation of the bulb is delayed. Dry and hot weather is necessary for the ripening of the bulbs. If the weather is wet, you can cover the bow with a waterproof film, but air it daily.
Bulb ripening can be delayed with excessive nitrogen nutrition and abundant soil moisture. Therefore, top dressing nitrogen fertilizers and watering should be stopped on June 10-15.
For better formation and ripening of the bulbs, at the end of July, loosen the soil near the bulbs themselves and rake the earth from the plant.
In the middle of summer, the second laying of eggs of the onion hoverfly takes place. To combat it, 2-3 times the planting of onions is pollinated with tobacco dust.
Growing onion-turnip in two years (sowing culture)
The essence of the method lies in the fact that in the first year, small bulbs with a diameter of 1-3 cm, weighing 1-4 g are grown from seeds. With this method, the bulbs ripen earlier and the onion is better stored in winter. Ripening is accelerated by 30-45 days.
Soil and seed preparation is carried out in the same way as when growing from seeds in one year. To obtain a well-ripened sowing, sowing is carried out densely, with a distance between rows of 12-13 cm, and in a row the plants are 1-2 cm apart from each other. Per 10 square meters. m will need 50-75 g of seeds. If the nigella is rarely sown, then the sowing on fertile soils will grow until autumn and will not ripen.
Seedlings are weeded and loosened 2-3 times, but not thinned out. When a second leaf appears, fertilizing is carried out with mineral fertilizers at the rate of ammonium nitrate and superphosphate, 10 g each, potassium chloride -5 g per 10 square meters. m.
Two months after sowing, only three or four leaves are formed, the height of the plant reaches 20 cm, small bulbs begin to form and the leaves turn yellow and die. Cleaning starts in August.
Harvesting time has a significant impact on the yield of onion sets. The earlier the onion sets finish the growing season, the deeper the dormant period and the later it leaves this period. Optimal time harvesting - 7 days after the start of lodging of leaves. A sign of sevka lodging is a single lodging of leaves and their tops. Harvesting should not be delayed, since with the onset of rainy weather, the seedlings start to grow and are poorly stored.
Onion sets are pulled out of the ground by hand, left for 10-15 days to dry, turning over daily. The tops are removed only after complete drying, when it becomes thin and brittle. After drying the sowing in the garden, it is finally dried indoors and put into storage until the spring of next year. Biggest Harvest onions are obtained from a fairly large set with a diameter of 22-25 mm, bulbs are obtained somewhat smaller from a smaller set.
Onion sets are stored at a temperature of +12...18°C. Seeds that are stored at a low temperature can produce more shooters.
Growing turnips from onion sets
Processing of seedlings for planting in May begins at the end of April.
To prevent the formation of arrows and activate the growth of primordia, as well as to disinfect onion sets, 20 days before planting, they are heated at a temperature of +45 ... 40 ° C for 8 hours.
To combat onion thrips and stem nematode, the seedlings are disinfected in hot (+45 ° C) water for 10 minutes before planting, and then immediately immersed in cold water.
To grow onion turnips, onion sets are planted in rows with row spacings of 20–25 cm; in a row, small sets are planted every 8–10 cm to a depth of 3–4 cm. Onion sets should be planted in moist soil when it is at a depth of 5–10 cm will warm up to + 10 ... 12 ° С. Landing in unheated soil will facilitate the start of shooting.
For 10 sq. m requires 400-600 pieces of seedlings, when planting bulbs with a diameter of 1-1.5 cm, they will weigh 350-500 g, with a diameter of 1.5-2.2 cm -700-800 g.
Onion care should be the most thorough. No culture responds to timely loosening of the soil, watering and top dressing like onions. Care consists in weeding and frequent shallow (4-5 cm) loosening of row spacing.
The first feeding is done 10 days after planting: 10-15 g of urea, 30-40 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium salt per 10 liters of water. If the plants grow intensively, nitrogen is excluded from top dressing.
In the second top dressing in early July, 30 g of superphosphate and 15 g of potassium chloride are dissolved in 10 liters of water. One bucket of solution is spent on a row 10 m long.
At the beginning of growth, the onion needs sufficient moisture. Excessive moisture in the second half of the growing season leads to the fact that the formation of bulbs is delayed. Dry and hot weather is necessary for the ripening of the bulbs. If the weather is wet, you can cover the bow with a waterproof film, but air it daily.
Harvest of onions
The onion is ready for harvest when the leaves begin to lodging, it is very important to collect it in a timely manner. Delaying harvesting, especially in wet weather, leads to the fact that the onion begins to grow again. Such onions do not store well in winter.
Harvested onions are dried and ripened for 10-14 days in a well-ventilated or heated room. When the neck of the onion is dry and thin, and the upper scales are colored and dry, remove the tops and roots.
Warming up the onion before storage for 8 days at a temperature of +30...35°C, and then another 12 hours to +40...45°C can dramatically reduce the damage to the bulbs by neck rot. When heated, the onion cannot be dried out, otherwise the upper scales will crack.
After harvesting and drying, the onions are sorted, while small onions are selected - samples (less than 3 cm in diameter).
Onion storage
Onion is stored on racks with a layer of 30-35 cm. It can be kept tied in bunches, braids and hung on the wall. You can also store onions in baskets, boxes, bags. Onions are stored at a temperature of +1...2°C, but can be successfully stored at a higher temperature (+10...12°C and even +18...25°C). When stored in a warmer room, the bulbs deteriorate less than when stored in a cold one, although they dry out somewhat.
Winter landings
To get an earlier harvest of green onions, you need to plant onions before winter. Planting is carried out on the ridges in a bridge way, that is, the bulbs are placed close to each other. The distance between the ribbons is 50 cm, between the lines is 25 cm.
Onion is a very useful vegetable. Therefore, it can often be found in gardens in our country. But in order to get an excellent harvest, it is necessary to adhere to certain agricultural practices when growing it. Exactly this issue and will be the subject of this article.
Before proceeding to the study of the features of growing onions, it is necessary to understand what it is. Bulb onion, like all other varieties of this crop, is a spicy-aromatic herbaceous plant. This vegetable has been known to people since ancient times. Onions are native to Afghanistan and Central Asia. BC, it was actively grown in Egypt, Ancient Greece and India.
Gardeners grow it, depending on the climatic characteristics of the growing area, as a three-year or two-year plant. For example, in the southern regions, large bulbs can be obtained within a year, and in places with a short summer - within two to three years.
This onion got its name because of the similarity of its underground part with turnips. His bulb serves as a thickening of the stem, where the buds of future leaves and bulbs are formed. It has little branched roots, the length of which does not exceed 40 cm. Because of this, well-moistened fertile soil is needed to grow this crop. Sandy and loamy soils are excellent for planting. And for the formation of a tasty and developed aerial part, the area where onions are grown must be well lit. In the shade, plantings will be inconspicuous and underdeveloped.
The aerial part of this garden crop looks like feathers (herbaceous mass). They are characterized by a dark green color and a lanceolate or linear shape. During the flowering period, the plant throws out between the feathers a spherical inflorescence formed from white flowers. After flowering is completed, wrinkled and black seeds form on it.
Onion is considered a cold-resistant crop. Its seeds can germinate at a temperature of + 3-5 degrees.
Both the underground and aboveground parts of the vegetable are used for food. Different varieties have their own specific taste of feathers and bulbs. They contain a large number of useful elements (vitamins, folic acid, essential oils etc.)
In order for the harvest of onions to be plentiful and tasty, it is necessary to follow certain rules of agricultural technology, especially when growing seeds and sevka.
Video “Onion Secrets”
Details about planting onions on the site are described in the video.
Growing features
The main feature of growing onions is that they can be planted almost everywhere. Of course, not every place will be able to get an excellent harvest due to certain climatic features. But, if agricultural technology was strictly performed, then a positive result will be guaranteed. In principle, agricultural technology for this cultivated plant not so complicated and even a novice gardener can handle it quite well. At the same time, you need to know that the cultivation of onions (seeds or sets) should not be carried out on nitrogenous or acidic soil.
Growing onions consists of the following steps:
- the first year - sow seeds;
- the second year - planting sevka. It is obtained from seeds germinated in the first year;
- third year - planting mature onions for seeds.
At the same time, agricultural technology will not differ much here from the cultivation of other vegetables. The differences will be only in the features of cultivation different varieties onion.
In onion farming, soil preparation is important. The land must meet the following requirements:
- be hydrated;
- have a neutral level of acidity. To do this, the soil must be cultivated wood ash;
- rich in organic fertilizers. Humus should be used as a fertilizer. It is added to the soil on the basis that about five kilograms of fertilizer goes per square meter.
Excellent predecessors for this vegetable are cabbage, tomatoes and cucumbers.
Before planting seeds or sowing into the ground, it must be well dug up, loosened and leveled. If possible, it is also recommended to add mineral fertilizers, which do not contain nitrogen.
Growing onions can occur in two ways:
- sowing seeds (chernushka);
- planting sevka.
Let's consider both options in more detail.
Nigella means onion seeds that, after harvesting, have lain for no more than two years. They must be planted in the first half of May, until the soil has had time to dry. Landing nigella is carried out as follows:
- on the beds we form even furrows with a depth of 3-4 cm. The distance between them should be approximately 5 cm;
- rows of beds should be placed at a distance of 10 cm from each other;
- after sowing the seeds, we cover them on top with a small layer of earth and water well.
It should be remembered that the nigella germinates for a long time. Therefore, to accelerate it is necessary to use mineral fertilizers (nitrate solution, etc.). You should also regularly clean the beds of weeds and water them. From seeds, the formation of sevka ends around the beginning of September. During this period, the seedlings can already be collected.
We've dealt with the black one. Now consider the further fate of sevka in the process of growing onions. The onion sets dug out in the first year of cultivation must be well sorted out, leaving only healthy onions. After that, they are sorted by size. When the sorting is completed, the planting material is heated. For this, sevok can be placed near heating appliances for a few days. Then it is placed for a minute in hot water, and then the same amount of time in the cold. Such manipulations will prevent the shooting of the bow during its growth. After this, the seeds must be placed in a nutrient solution. To prepare it in 10 liters of water, you need to dissolve a tablespoon of nitrophoska. Then we wrap the planting material in cotton cloth and place it in water for 10 hours.
Planting is carried out in May, at a temperature of + 10 degrees and above.
At the beginning of the garden, larger seedlings should be planted, and then their size should gradually decrease. Planting sevka is carried out as follows:
- we form grooves on the beds with a depth of 3 cm;
- there should be a distance of about 20 cm between the furrows;
- water them with water and plant sevok;
- the distance between the bulbs should be approximately 10 cm;
- From above, planting material is covered with earth. Its thickness should not exceed 2 cm.
When the planting of the sevka is completed, it needs the following care:
- at the beginning of the growing season, the vegetable needs abundant watering. At this time, watering is carried out twice a week. During the ripening period of the bulbs, watering is reduced. Two weeks before harvest, watering is generally stopped. The only exception is hot and dry weather;
- loosening and removing weeds. It is carried out periodically depending on the need. It is especially important to loosen after watering;
- when the bulbs reach larger sizes, you need to rake a little earth from the plant;
- top dressing. The first time it is carried out a couple of weeks after the planting. To do this, the manure mass is mixed with water. Then fertilizers are applied after three weeks.
In order for the cultivation of onions to be easy and without problems, it is necessary not only to comply with all agrotechnical requirements, but also to carry out preventive measures to prevent diseases and the appearance of pests.
Disease and pest control
Even with the implementation of all agricultural practices, the onion crop can be spoiled by pathogenic microflora or pests. Onions can start to hurt due to improper care both indoors and outdoors.
The most common diseases of this culture are:
- gray rot of the neck. The most dangerous disease in which cervical scales are damaged;
- peronosporosis ( powdery mildew). The disease is caused by a pathogenic fungus. Here the bulbs stop their development and change shape. In this case, a yellow coating forms on the feathers;
- fusarium. This disease is characterized by softening of the don bulb and the death of the root system. The tops turn yellow;
- jaundice. This is a viral disease. In the presence of such a disease, onion feathers and its bulb become spotty.
- onion moth;
- root mite;
- onion fly.
To prevent the appearance of both diseases and pests, when growing onions, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures. For this planting, you need to treat with a solution of copper sulfate (a teaspoon of powder per 10 liters of water). It is recommended to treat plants with such a solution when the feathers are more than 12 cm high. It is also possible to treat plants with tobacco dust or ash every 20 days.
Harvest
The timing of harvesting onions depends on weather conditions and climatic features of the region where this crop is grown. Usually the ripening of this vegetable occurs from mid-July to September. You can determine the maturity of an onion by the following signs:
- new leaves do not appear;
- feathers turned yellow;
- the tops lay on the bed;
- the neck at its base became soft and acquired a characteristic shade.
Remember that onion harvesting must be carried out on time, otherwise the root system of the bulbs will begin to grow again. This will negatively affect the shelf life of the crop.
Harvesting must be completed before the nights turn cold. The cleaning process itself is as follows:
- together with the tops, the onions are removed from the ground;
- air it in the sun;
- then cut the roots and leaves;
- the bulbs are re-dried in a heated room.
After that, the crop can be sent to storage.
As you can see, onion has not complicated agrotechnical features of cultivation. The main thing is proper care and timely prevention from diseases and pests. By following all the instructions above, you will definitely get an excellent onion crop.
Video “Onion Harvest”
This video reveals the secrets of growing onions in the garden.
For any summer resident, the harvest that he will receive at the end of the season is important. While gardening, planting seeds and seedlings, trees and bushes, a person wants to see the fruits of his labor. He invests a lot of effort and money to eat onions and potatoes from his garden in winter.
How to grow large onions
To get a harvest from your garden, you need to plant a crop on time, water it and weed it on time. For any gardener, a good harvest is both a large fruit and a large amount of it. But you can achieve such a result if you work very hard during the season.
How much useful onions for the human body - everyone knows. Even when buying it in a store or on the market, we choose only its large heads. But unfortunately, it is not always possible to grow large onion heads on your site, no matter how hard you try.
Let's get acquainted with some subtleties and tricks that you need to know and take into account when cultivation plants.
How to prepare the soil for planting
The onion crop will be good on chernozem and humus-carbonate soils, as well as on alluvial soil.
Onion seeds germinate for a long time, so the soil is prepared in advance and carefully. In the fall, you need to choose a site for planting sevka and dig it up. Remove weeds and apply to the soil fertilizer, in the form of humus or peat-manure compost. In no case should fresh humus be introduced into the soil, since pathogens and weed seeds can enter the soil with it.
If the soil is acidic, then liming should be carried out on it; and if the soil is alkaline, then gypsum. The cultivation and top dressing of the soil is carried out gradually. It is impossible to simultaneously carry out liming and fertilizing the soil with humus.
In the spring, when the sun begins to warm, the planting site needs to be dug up and watered if the ground is dry. In addition, already introduced into the soil mineral fertilizers that are distributed 2-3 times during the onion growth period. Such fertilizers need to be applied shallowly into the soil.
How to get a good harvest of onions
You can plant sevok both in spring and autumn. You can do this with seeds or already small bulbs. To get green feathers in early spring, you need to plant sets in the fall. In the spring, it is grown for storage when receiving planting material.
You can grow onions several ways. Each of the methods is good in its own way, but subject to elementary rules care of the plant, the harvest is good, regardless of the method of cultivation. The most common way to get onions is from sets.
Sevok- These are small bulbs that were grown from seeds last year. Of these, this year, you can get larger heads of onions, which are already used for food throughout the year. Planting sevok in open ground possible both in spring and autumn.
to plant sowing in the spring begins in late April - early May. By this time, the earth should dry out and warm up well. The smallest bulbs are planted first, the diameter of which is up to 1 cm. The distance from the bulb to the bulb is 4–5 cm. The larger bulbs are planted next, at a distance of 8–10 cm from each other.
Previously, the sevok needs to be processed. To do this, a weak, bright pink solution of manganese is prepared, and the onion is immersed in it. There he spends at least half an hour. Further, special grooves are made for onions in the ground, and holes are made in them. The distance between the rows can be 20–25 cm. The sevok should be planted in the ground to a depth of 2–3 cm, while sprinkling it with earth and lightly slapping it with the palm of your hand. If the ground is very dry, then it is recommended to water the seedlings.
First shoots green Feathers will be noticeable in 3-5 days. It is desirable to water the young onion every evening now. When the onion grows up, it needs to be spudded and weeds removed. To get a large fruit as a result, as it grows, it is necessary to hill up two more times.
Onion care
This procedure should not be postponed until greenery appears, it must be done regularly, on time, even before it appears. Despite the fact that the sowing is planted and watered abundantly, it is necessary to prevent the formation of a dense crust. The soil needs to be loosened regularly, and especially after watering.
Weeding beds with vegetable crops is carried out as it overgrows weeds. Weeds harm seedlings by increasing soil moisture. Because of this, the plant can be affected by fungal diseases. Moisture will be superfluous for the bulbs, which can cause it to deteriorate and rot during storage.
As mentioned above, at the initial stage of onion growth and development, it needs regular watering. Already from mid-July, when the bulbs begin to ripen, they do not need excess moisture. At this time, onion watering is reduced. Before harvesting the onion, 2-3 weeks before, it is not necessary to water the onion at all - it should stand in the ground, but without watering. An exception may be very hot and dry summers. To plant not sluggish and there was no delay in the growth of the bulb, you still need to water the family crop.
Summing up, you need to highlight a few points, thanks to which you can get a good harvest Luke:
- loosening;
- watering;
- weeding;
- top dressing;
- prevention and treatment of diseases.
As for top dressing, it plays an important role in obtaining a high-quality, large onion crop. The first time top dressing is carried out only 14 days after planting the sevka. It can be bird droppings or slurry. You need to breed litter 1 kg per 15 liters, and slurry - 1 kg per 10 liters of water. Such fertilizer is consumed per 1 sq. meter 10 liters of solution.
Three weeks after the first top dressing, you need to make a second top dressing.
If you prefer mineral fertilizers, then first apply nitrogen-containing which include ammonium nitrate. Its consumption per 1 sq. meter - 10-15 grams. And after three weeks - potash fertilizers in the same amount.
In the ground such fertilizer brought in:
- dry;
- in the form of a solution.
Dry fertilizers can simply be sprinkled on the garden bed before watering or before rain. You can fertilize in the usual way- dissolve them in water and water the beds with the resulting solution.
To deal with any disease its easier warn than to treat later. This applies to onions that need to be treated against fungal diseases and onion flies. You need to make the following solution: mix 1 tsp. copper sulphate or copper oxychloride and 1 tbsp. l. liquid soap. Dilute the resulting mixture in 10 liters of water and spray onion feathers with it.
Such processing should be done when the height of the feathers reaches 12–15 cm.
For prevention, you can dust the plants and the ground under them with wood ash or tobacco dust. This procedure can be repeated only after 20 days.
Onion harvest
Maturation bow depends on:
- landing time;
- onion varieties;
- climate features.
Ripens first winter onion. Harvesting takes place in July, when the feathers of the plant begin to dry. This is the signal for the harvest. During such a period, it is this work that needs to be done so that the plant does not begin to re-grow roots.
The collection of onions, regardless of its variety, must take place in period between the appearance of morning dew and evening cooling. This condition is important, it must be observed, otherwise the vegetables will not be stored well.
The collected seed crop must be dried. To do this, the selected bow is laid out in the sun. If it is cloudy outside, or it is raining, then it is dried under a canopy. During this period, all the nutrients from the leaves enter the bulbs themselves.
When the crop dries, the dried feathers and remnants of the roots are cut off. Further, it is transferred to dry in a warm room, where the temperature will not be lower than 25 ° heat. There it stays for another 10 days, which makes it possible for it to dry out even better, and at the same time, it can be stored longer.
dry onion miscellaneous varieties are stored separately. Storage space can be:
- in canvas bags;
- in wooden boxes;
- in plastic boxes;
- in wicker baskets;
- on armored nets from old beds.
The main thing is that it is not directly on the ground. It is advisable to put all these devices on a pallet so that the air under the storage container can circulate freely.
You need to regularly inspect vegetables in order to remove spoiled or rotten product from the whole mass in time. Regardless of the type of product, it tends to deteriorate.
If it is humid in the onion storage room, then you can save the situation with a container of ash or lime - they are good absorb excess moisture.
If, sorting through the onion, you do not cut off dry onion feathers, then you can weave a braid out of them. In this form, onions of any variety can be stored not only in the pantry, but also in the house. In addition to the fact that a useful product will always be at hand, in this form it will become an excellent interior detail and protect the house from germs.
For planting onions in open ground, it is advisable to choose sunny place, or light penumbra.
It is advisable to change the place for planting a vegetable crop every year. It can be planted again in a certain place only after 3 years.
To speed up the emergence of seedlings, sets, regardless of variety, soaked 4 days before planting, then dried and planted immediately.
Sewing should not be planted deeper than 2-3 cm, as the bulb will change shape and ripening will be delayed. If the hole is made smaller, then the bulb will become bare and its growth will stop.
It will not be possible to store onions for a long time in plastic bags- he rot.
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How to grow black onion sets
Now varieties are in use, mostly peninsular and sweet, the sets of which are poorly stored - they just dry out, that is, they disappear. Yes, and there is no place to store it: it rots in the cellar, and in well-heated rooms only one shell remains from it. seedlings
Third top dressing: produced at the end of June, if fed in the month of July - exclude urea (nitrogen). Tip #4
Onions intended for growing on a feather are planted in early spring, so it is better to prepare a bed for it in the fall. Before planting, the bulbs are cut to the "shoulders". This operation awakens the bulb and accelerates the growth of leaves. The soil in the garden should be fairly loose. If the ground is compacted or you push the turnip in too hard, it will retard root development. In order for the earth to warm up faster, you need to mulch the bed with humus or peat. You can also use polyethylene film or other non-woven covering materials, reinforced on temporary frames. Under these conditions, onion germination will accelerate, and you will get greens one or two weeks earlier.
What is a garden without onions? And onions are no exception, although in the north and northeast this crop is grown reluctantly, in the central and southern regions of Russia, the cultivation of onions is quite popular. So how do you grow onions in your garden? Everything is not so complicated, a good root crop, as you know, is obtained from the so-called sevka, the easiest way to buy a sevka and actually plant it, but you can grow a sevok yourself from seeds, you just need to peep from the neighbors the beam that shot the arrow and ask for seeds, but how You can also buy the variety you like. In the first year after ripening, you actually get the same sevok that will delight you with its fruits next year.
- When seedlings appear, you need to start thinning them out, leaving 3-4 centimeters between plants in a row. It is unnecessary to rush with thinning, because you can additionally harvest green onions from the garden.
- Strigunovsky
- Onion harvesting is carried out in the third decade of August, when the onion feather completely falls. Remove the greens from the onions and dry the bulbs in the garden (or under a canopy in wet weather) until the outer onion peel will not become "rattling". Drying usually takes about a week.
- Video about growing onion sets
Feed with solutions, such as mullein (1:10).
Are you planning to plant onions on your plot, but do not know how to achieve good harvest and have time to grow large bulbs before the first frost? Most gardeners prefer to grow onions from small onion sets - this method has been tested for years and always gives excellent results.
Onion seeds should be sown in well-lit and wind-blown areas. you can not place it in the same place earlier than after 3-5 years, as well as next to perennial onions and onions grown from sets and seed plants. The last requirement must be observed in order not to infect onions from seeds with diseases and pests.
5 grams of potassium, 10 grams of urea and superphosphate 30 grams, also diluted in water (10 liters).
Planted sevok, got a turnip
Pour a little ordinary table salt into the onion row, this will help to cope with the onion fly.
Alternatively, it is possible autumn planting onions for greens. It is carried out about a month before the temperature drops to 0 ° C. The distance between the planted turnips is approximately 3 cm. With this method of planting per 1 square. meter will take from 100 to 600 bulbs (depending on their size). In order to protect the plantings from freezing, the bed is covered with a thick layer of fallen leaves, at least 15-20 cm. In the spring, the leaves must be removed, and the plants themselves should be fed with nitrogen fertilizers. When growing green onions, all methods are excluded chemical protection plants, therefore, take all preventive measures in time to prevent clogging of plantings, damage to plants by pests and pathogens: remove plants with signs of damage, water and loosen the soil in time. When the leaves grow by 25-30 cm, you can start cleaning.
There is nothing easier than growing onions. Put it in the ground and it will grow on its own. Many people think so. But how does it really happen? In reality, it can rot, pests can eat it, it can simply go into the arrow. In order for the onion crop to be good, you still need to know some features.
It is necessary to water in May - June 1 time per week, and in hot and dry weather - 2 r. per week at 5 - 10 liters per square meter. In early July, you need to reduce watering, as the bulbs begin to ripen. If it is very hot and dry, you can water the onions once a week with a small dose of water to prevent complete wilting of the bulbs. You need to water carefully, from a small watering can with a small sprinkler to prevent breakage of the onion feather. Myachkovsky
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Level the beds, tamp a little and apply the planting pattern: the distance between the bulbs in one row should be about 10 cm, and the row spacing should be at least 16-19 cm. be in a moist layer of soil, which will ensure the rapid growth of the bulbs. With a shallow planting, due to a lack of nutrition, the bulbs slow down development, and then die altogether. With the formation of bulbs, watering, fertilizing and loosening the soil should be stopped. When the green leaves wither and fall completely, and the neck of the bulbs softens and becomes thinner, the seedlings can be collected from the garden and dried.
- Sevok requires less care than seedlings and seeds, plants develop more successfully even on poor soils. Due to the resistance to low temperatures, planting onion sets in open ground starts early - you will get early harvest. A powerful root system of small onions will save vegetable crop heat and weeds. Of the three main ways to grow onions, sets are best suited for acute and semi-sharp varieties.
- The soil for onions should be prepared already in July-August of the previous year. It is necessary to remove the remains of the predecessor, add 5-6 kg per 1 sq.m of well-rotted humus and dig deep. If autumn is dry, water several times to encourage weed seeds to germinate. In the spring, as early as possible - as soon as the soil ripens - per 1 sq.m, add 30 g of urea or 40 g of ammonium nitrate and the same amount of superphosphate and 20 g of potash fertilizer. Bring them under harrowing.
- Do not allow excess nitrogen in the soil, the onion heads will suffer, but the feather will be good and green. A fertilizer with potassium sulfate is also suitable.
- Tip #5
Feed onions with tea tip number 1
Planting onions is best winter. It does not turn into an arrow, it is less liked by onion flies, it ripens early. Bulbs should be planted small, about one centimeter in diameter.
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Growing turnip from seeds in one year
With a slow growth of leaves, onions can be fed. To do this, in 10 liters of water, you need to dilute a glass of mushy mullein or bird droppings, a tablespoon of urea, at the rate of 3-4 liters per square meter.
Bed preparation: Many gardeners in our time have mastered How to grow a large onion turnip? Image of an onion set You can buy ready-made sevok in a specialized store or on the market, or you can grow it yourself from seeds (nigella). In order to collect onion sets by autumn, you need to start growing it in the spring, and then next season you can already start growing onion turnips from ordinary sets.
Do not get carried away with germination and other methods of seed preparation. But with a protracted late spring, you still have to germinate the seeds. Place them in a gauze bag and immerse in warm (40-50 degrees) water for 20-30 minutes. Then the bag, distributing the seeds in it thin layer, put in a flat dish or baking sheet.
- Tip #7
- Gardeners advise to sow carrots side by side, or you can make rows and sow a row of carrots, and alternate the next row of onions. The carrot plant repels the onion fly, and the onion repels the carrot fly.
- Seeds of a variety of onions germinate very long and difficult. For it to sprout you need: take half a teaspoon of baking soda and pour hot tea leaves. When the solution becomes warm, pour the seeds (nigella) into it, and leave for one hour. With this method of soaking the seeds, the onion sprouts in a week and evenly.
Onions need to be looked after.
From mid-July, watering should be stopped. When the leaves fall, the bulbs should be pulled out and dried in a shady place, protected from rain, until the roots and leaves of the bulb become dry. A sign of good drying - easily detachable leaves
For sowing onion seeds, it is better to prepare a bed in the fall. For one square meter, you need to add 3 - 5 kilograms of humus, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of nitrophoska and a couple of tablespoons of dolomite flour. You can also use regular chalk.
Growing onion turnips from seeds
For this you need:
And if you want the cultivation of onion turnips from sets to be successful, you need to ensure optimal conditions for winter storage sevka. Well-dried sevok is placed in boxes with a layer of 6-8 cm or in thin bags weighing 2-3 kg and stored in a warm, ventilated room with a temperature of + 15 + 19 degrees. Before planting, the seedlings are necessarily sorted out, diseased, sprouted and dried onions are removed, and also sorted by size (diameter from 1 to 2.6 cm). To get friendly shoots, small bulbs are planted first, then large ones.
Video about planting onion sets
To keep the seeds moist, cover the bag damp cloth from natural materials and keep at a temperature of 22-25 degrees. After 6-8 hours, the seed bag is washed in running water and the water that has collected at the bottom of the dish (tray) is removed. The bag is again covered with a cloth. After 1-2 days of such treatment, individual seeds will hatch. Their entire batch is dried to flowability and sown.
It is not recommended to feed plants from potassium chloride and fresh manure. If you add potassium chloride to the soil, then only in autumn time of the year. Yes, if you add chlorine when growing a vegetable, then the yield will drop many times over, only apply in the fall.
Tip #6
Tea cures illness, and soda softens water.
Onions love to be weeded from weeds, loosened and watered. While the feathers are small, loosening the onion is a little difficult, but in the future there are no problems. It remains only to loosen it constantly. If the earth is hard, then it must be loosened more often than soft. This is usually done after the rain has passed, or after watering.
and roots. Unripe bulbs with a juicy, thick neck are not left for storage. Preparing seeds for sowing: in one year. The main secret this method of obtaining a good bulb consists in
Water it during the growth period, especially during the appearance of leaves and the formation of bulbs, stopping watering a month before harvest;
ayatskov1.ru
Soak fresh seeds (not older than 2 years) for a couple of hours in water and place them in a damp burlap for 2-3 days so that the seeds begin to germinate. Dry thoroughly after soaking. Seeds can be sown at the end of April in previously prepared and cultivated soil. Make rows at a distance of 9-11 cm from each other, scatter the seeds in them completely, fill the grooves with humus or peat for 2 cm on top.
Growing turnip onions without the hassle
Onion Secrets
It is necessary to sow onions very early, as soon as the condition of the soil allows. In arid regions (in Ukraine - Donbass, Dnieper, southern regions and Crimea), onions should be sown on flat surface without making raised beds - a lot of moisture can be lost on them. If you do not have time to sow onions early and the soil dries out, it must be watered with sprinkling and sown in 1-2 days. With a lack of water, you can water the seed furrows and immediately sow the seeds.
Happy growing!
During the onion growing period, three top dressings must be made for a good harvest.
Tip #2
Watering onions for almost the entire month of June should occur regularly. If a small onion has little moisture, then it will give the appropriate crop. Then look at the circumstances. As soon as the onion begins to ripen, you should stop watering. Otherwise, it will rot in storage.
For the appearance of early shoots, the seeds must be soaked in water (temperature 23 - 25 degrees) for 2 - 3 days. In this case, the water should be changed 2-3 times. Then dry the seeds a little until they flow and start planting.
early thickened
Loosen the top layer of soil at least 4-7 times over the summer (small bulbs will grow in dense soil);
Growing onions in the garden. Video
Growing onions on a feather
Calibrated onion sets, needs additional processing for more uniform and faster germination, before planting in the ground. Carefully cut off the dry part of the neck of small onions, being careful not to touch the sprout, otherwise the first leaves will not grow to their full potential and remain damaged. After pruning, soak the seedlings in water at room temperature for 10-12 hours. To prevent diseases, you can pour onion sets with a solution of copper sulfate (1 teaspoon per 9-10 liters of water) for 5-10 minutes. Then rinse the bulbs in running water, and you can start planting.
Sevka seedling care:
Onion feeding
Rows are placed according to line patterns 25 + 25 + 25 + 25 + 50 cm (five rows in 25 cm, and then a wide row spacing - 50 cm - and then the same block, that is, the same number of rows in 25 cm). You can practice the scheme 30 + 30 + 30 + 30 + 60 cm (here narrow row spacing is 30 cm, and wide - 60 cm). Based on 10 sq. m will require 12-15 g of seeds, and place them in the soil to a depth of 2-3 cm. After sowing, roll or compact the bed with a wide board.
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First dressing: when two feathers appear.
It is worth remembering that onions do not like to be planted or sown in clay soil if the earth is still clay then you need to add peat, sand and mix everything or plow. And if the earth is acidic, then in the fall it is necessary to add dolomite flour to the earth to deoxidize the soil. Flour is applied to the soil in late autumn.
It is necessary to sow onions more often, given the risks of germination. If it grows well, then you can thin out. Yes, and for the first greens, the extra seed will fit perfectly. If the bow is not intended for the feather, but for the formation of a turnip, then the feather should not be cut off.
Growing onion turnips from seeds
Sowing seeds:
sowing seeds.
Carry out top dressing - a couple of weeks after the appearance of your shoots, with mullein infusions, and for 40-45 days with solutions of mineral fertilizers;
It is best to start growing onions on a turnip at the end of April, or you can wait until the beginning of May for the earth to warm up above +12 degrees, otherwise the bulbs will quickly give an arrow. If planted later, due to high temperature plants will grow slowly.
As seedlings germinate, they need to be thinned out to get larger bulbs;
When all the seeds sprout and the rows are indicated, the first shallow loosening (balling) of the soil is done to a depth of 3-5 cm. Further loosening is repeated after heavy rains and watering. So that the plants do not stretch out, already at the first loosening, it is necessary to break through the seedlings, leaving the plants after 2-3 cm or stretching a rake with thin but long teeth across the rows. They break through again after 20-25 days, leaving the plants after 6-8 cm. When growing turnip onions from seeds in one year, do not leave plants densely, as the bulbs can grow small.
dachka-ogorodik.ru
Dilute chicken manure in 10 liters of water and pour in two glasses of ash and 40 grams of superphosphate (pre-dissolve in warm water). Chicken manure can also be replaced with slurry (manure one liter)
Tip #3
When planting in a hole, the earth can be flavored with “nutrients” - compost can be added. And in the spring add ashes. These options are suitable for both feeding and repelling pests. There are also special organic mineral fertilizers designed for horticultural crops. Their application will be very useful for obtaining high yield bow.
In one year, both a large “turnip onion”, and “sample onion” and “onion sets”, i.e. small, medium and large onions, can grow. They must be sorted by size.
Seeds should be sown evenly in pre-prepared grooves, with a embedment depth of 1.5 - 2.0 centimeters, sprinkled with soil and lightly compacted. After sowing, the bed needs to be watered warm water(25 - 30 degrees) from a watering can with a fine strainer (3 - 4 liters per square meter). To get early shoots, the bed must be covered with a film, which is removed immediately, as soon as the first, single onion shoots hatch. Seeds are planted from April 20 to April 25.
Most suitable varieties for this method
Do not cut the green onion feather (either you grow onions for greens, or to get large bulbs).
Loosen the soil regularly, especially after rain;
After each breakthrough, and then after another 12-15 days, feed with mullein, diluting it with water 5 times, slurry - 3 times or bird droppings - 15 times. If only mineral fertilizers are available, dissolve in a bucket 20 g of urea or ammonium nitrate and the same amount of potash fertilizer, as well as 30 g of superphosphate.
! Many gardeners still grow onions in a two-year culture. In the first year, seeds are sown densely - nigella and small onion sets are obtained. In the autumn-winter time, they store it somewhere (at the same time we drive the onion to the feather in the house), and in the spring they plant it, and by July they have well-shelled bulbs that are perfectly stored.
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