Stains are applied to the surface of untreated wood floors to change the color of the wood. Colored stains can also be applied to previously stained and coated floors for an overlapping effect. Get a stain for water based Made for easy application, it leaves no marks or streaks. If the manufacturer recommends, use a filler wood conditioner prior to staining.
Filler primer conditioners can help prevent streaking and warping due to fiber swelling when water-based stains are used. A wide variety of wood stains are available in natural wood tones. You can also choose a dyed stain, such as green, for decoration in rustic style or white- to give a modern look.
You can also darken the wood by creating an overlay effect with a diluted latex paint The color of the overlay solution will be significantly lighter than the original paint color. To make such a solution, use the recipe and experiment with small amounts of paint until you achieve the desired color. Before staining the entire floor, apply the stain or blending solution to an unobtrusive area, such as a closet or closet, to evaluate the application and the resulting color. Protect the stained floor with three coats of a clear matt, semi-matt or glossy topcoat. Choose this topcoat, on which there will be no brush marks.
Tools and materials
- Latex gloves
- Synthetic brush, sponge applicator or lint-free cloth - for staining
- Filling conditioner-primer for wood products (at the request of the buyer)
- Wiping cloth
- Cotton lint-free cloth - for wiping off stains
- Water-based stain or latex paint in the desired color
- High gloss and semi-matt clear coat, such as acrylic or polyurethane, to protect stained floors
- Sponge applicator or paint pad and extension handle - for transparent application
- topcoat
- Electric sander, fine sandpaper
Sand the surface of the floor with a fine sandpaper, sanding in the direction of the grain of the wood. Use a vacuum cleaner to remove dust generated by stripping, then wipe the floor with a cleaning cloth.
Wear rubber gloves to handle stains. Stir well stain or a solution to create an overlay effect. With a synthetic brush or applicator with a sponge stain the floor or solution. At any given time, work is done on small areas of the floor. Keep the edge wet on the brush or applicator, be careful not to overlap the brush strokes.
Immediately or after waiting for a certain time specified by the manufacturer, wipe off excess stain with a dry, lint-free cloth: first across the grain of the wood, and then along. Continue applying (and wiping off) the stain until the entire floor is covered. Let the stain dry. Lightly scrub the floor with fine sandpaper, then wipe off dust from scrubbing with a cleaning cloth. For a deeper color, apply a second coat of stain and allow to dry completely.
Apply a high gloss clear coat to the stained floor with an applicator with a sponge or paint pad on the extension handle. Let the coating dry. Lightly scrub the floor with fine sanding paper, then remove dust from scrubbing with a cleaning cloth. Apply two coats of a semi-matt clear top coat.
Wood staining options
SOLUTION FOR THE EFFECT OF OVERLAPPING ON THE FLOOR
Mix the following ingredients:
1 part latex paint 4 parts water
For ordinary rooms, dark wood tones are good. Applying a white solution over a previously applied dark stain softens the official look.
For modern rooms pale, neutral stains are often used. Overlaying blue can make a pale floor more visible.
Moderate, warm colors the trees have an everyday look. The overlay of white-to-moderate wood tones gives the wood a vintage look.
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With the onset of spring, all owners of household plots and private houses are in full swing putting things in order in their homes. Someone starts to throw old junk, wash the windows, and someone proceeds immediately to the most important thing - the treatment of all wooden surfaces. Why process wood? The fact is that over time, wood products, although they are the most durable and natural, undergo changes.
The tree can fade under the summer scorching rays of the sun, from heavy rains it can change its shape and, as well as under the influence of certain bacteria, it can even begin to rot. Therefore, it is very important to take care of everything wooden in the spring, on the eve of summer.
Next, I will share with you what is the best place to start and what exactly needs to be done so that your wood products do not lose their attractiveness over time. These tips apply to absolutely all wood products:, and even simple products.
To solve the problems that I spoke about above, arising during the operation of wooden products, there is one old and proven remedy - stain.
Stain Is a special liquid agent, which gives the wood a specified color and emphasizes the natural texture of the wood without overlapping it. In addition, modern stains allow you to extend the operating time and have a disinfecting effect. The main advantage of stain is that, unlike enamel, it penetrates deep into the wood, and at the same time does not harm the natural pattern and texture.
There are two types: water stain and non-water stain. The second group, in turn, is divided into alcohol and oil.
- Water stain
This stain is produced ready-made and in the form of a soluble powder.
This is the most common look with a wide range of shades (from lightest to darkest).
Depending on the amount of powder used, the intensity of the stain color changes.
Pros: there is no pungent smell, so it can be safely used inside a living space.
But water stain has a drawback - when applied, it kind of lifts the fibers of the tree, which increases the moisture absorption of the tree. But this is easy to fix. Also, this type of stain has a complete drying time of 12-14 hours.
Tip: If you have chosen this type of stain, then before using, your wooden product must be abundantly wetted, left for a while, then sanded, and only then start to work.
It is also important to consider that before using such a stain it is necessary 
strain to dissolve all particles.
- Alcohol stain
This type of stain is an aniline dye solution. Like water-based stain, it is presented ready-made and in the form of a soluble powder
Pros: Very fast drying. Only 20-30 minutes, due to the fact that the alcohol contained in the composition evaporates very quickly.
The disadvantage of such a stain- the ability to dry quickly, which can result in stains on your product.
Advice: If you have chosen this type of stain, then you will need a spray gun, for manual application or pneumatic. This will help prevent stains on your garment.
Various decorators are very fond of this type of stain, because it is he who helps them achieve various different colors of wooden products. This happens by mixing dyes that dissolve in an oily medium. They are presented only in dry form and "White Spirit" is used for dilution. Oil stain is the easiest to use and unpretentious.
Pros: the most environmentally friendly, since the basis is most often linseed oil... Dries quickly enough - 2-3 hours. It also does not lift wood fibers and is applied without stains.
Also now, with the development of new technologies, new types of wood stains began to appear: water-based acrylic and wax. These impregnations have been developed to address the inherent disadvantages of wood stains. These types of wood stains perfectly fit on wooden surface, most often they are used for the surface of wooden floors.
Flaws: Acrylic stain is quite expensive. It is also important to remember that when applying more than 2 layers of acrylic stain, stains may appear. Wax does not saturate the wood, but only creates protective layer on a surface.
Do not use wax stains before treating wood with polyurethane or two-component acid-curing varnishes.
There are also alternative types of stains, such as white, which can also be made by hand. This type of wood stain is the most environmentally friendly, cheap and at the same time has a variety of natural shades.
Wood stains are different color solutions: under oak, walnut and other species. It is not difficult to cover with them by choosing the desired color gamut. There is also a dry stain.
- Plant stains
- Stains based on tea, coffee and vinegar.
When you have already decided on what basis you will use the stain, you need to decide how the stain will be applied.
Step 2. Method of applying the stain
Each type of stain has its own method of application. There are 4 main methods: spraying, rubbing, applying with a roller or swab and applying with a simple brush.
Applying stain to the floor - The stain is applied in this way to the wood with a spray gun. This method allows you to achieve a more even distribution of stain, and therefore a smoother texture.
- In this way, the stain is applied to the wooden surface and rubbed evenly over the entire area. This method works best for porous trees, but it is important to use a non-fast-drying wood stain.
- This method is best suited for small areas and is best for even distribution of the stain over the entire surface and helps to avoid streaks.
- If you do not have a spray gun, you can use a regular brush, but this method may not work for all types of stain. From the pros - the color is deeper and more saturated.
When you have decided on the method of application, you need to make a color proof in order to understand how the stain of your choice will interact with your tree. After that, it is necessary to prepare the product for application.
Step 3. Preparation for application
Preparation for application takes place in several stages:
- Polishing sandpaper or sandpaper. It is important not to overdo it, and not to leave scratches on the surface.
- Removing dust from the surface
- Degrease the entire wood surface.
- Moisten, but not abundantly; it is better to lay down the stain on a damp surface.
After the surface is prepared for application, you can proceed to the most important thing.
Step 4. Applying the stain
It is important to follow some guidelines when applying to get the best results.
When all the stain has dried, the excess must be removed to make the product more textured and shiny.
Step 5. Removing excess
To remove excess, you will need acetone and a thick thick brush.
- Tilt the part at an angle.
- Place the part on a material that will absorb (paper towels work best).
- Soak your brush in acetone.
- With a brush dipped in acetone, remove excess movements from top to bottom.
- Continue until the surface is more uniform.
- After drying, apply varnish.
Step 6. If errors occurred during application. How to fix
Since the stain is extremely difficult to remove, it must be applied very carefully.
But if you have any difficulties, then they can be solved in the following ways:
- You've got drips. You should immediately remove the stain as much as possible. If the stain is already a little dry, then you need to apply a second layer on top, and remove both at once. If it has dried completely, then it is already necessary to use a solvent. If you need to completely remove all pigment, then only a plane will help.
- There are stains on your product. This can happen if the wood surface has an uneven density. To eliminate this defect, it is necessary to remove the layer with a plane
That's all there is to know about wood stain. Of course, we remind you that absolutely all wooden surfaces react differently to this
Modern Construction Materials are striking in their variety. The stain, although known for a long time, has not lost its popularity, thanks to innovations in this group.
What is wood stain?
There are many construction products on the shelves of stores, which can be confusing, for which some of them are intended, for example, wood stain or stain.
The history of the origin of the dye goes back to the nineteenth century. The stain was called "Cologne soil". Since humus soil, rather loose in composition, was found on the territory of Cologne in a non-hamlet.
She had amazing properties. If the earth is dissolved in water and applied to a paper or wood surface, it becomes saturated Brown color.
The deposits of the "Cologne land" turned out to be scarce, so they began to develop a substitute for natural stain. Natural dye today it is made on the basis of oil and coal. Wood contains substances that will dye it brown without the addition of chemical components.
The uniqueness of the stain lies in the fact that it does not make a film, as is the case with oil dyes, but reveals a natural pattern on the wood. The surface acquires a juicy and contrasting texture. To the question, what is the stain for, you can answer simply - to give the desired tone to the natural surface.
There is a concept like mordant staining. Some confuse it with surface staining. There are, of course, external similarities, but in the first case, the layer is more waterproof.
Summer and spring woods differ in density. Annual rings on spring wood are colored weaker than on a dense summer wood board. This contrast can be clearly seen in spruce and pine. Wet surfaces are obtained with a uniform tone, rather than paint on dry.
Types and properties of stain
Special dyes that dissolve in liquids are stains of different tones. It is produced in powder and liquid state. Water, alcohol, wax acts as a liquid, therefore it was subdivided into different types.
Water stains... The most popular water-based group. Wood is able to acquire light and dark tones after staining. Available for sale in two states: liquid, dry. Liquid stains are used immediately, while powder stains should be pre-diluted with heated water.
Advantages:
- does not emit a poisonous odor, which allows you to work without fear of poisoning in a closed room;
- great possibility of color matching. To achieve darker tones, you can use several layers of stain, after drying each layer;
- low cost;
- long shelf life.
Flaws:
- drying takes a long time;
- varnishing mandatory procedure;
- during dyeing, wood fibers rise, due to this, moisture resistance is lost. To prevent this from happening, the surface is moistened and polished before work;
- excess stain on the surface can provoke cracks. Therefore, it is in this form that the tampon is slightly moistened before application.
Alcohol stains... Stains of this kind dissolve in alcohol. Aniline dyes are used as the main components. The mixture quickly penetrates deep into the wood, where the alcohol evaporates within half an hour.
If you need to paint large areas, it is better to use a spray gun. Such an application does not allow the formation of spots, erosion. The disadvantage of this type is fast drying, a pungent odor. A positive characteristic is that the wood does not swell, unlike water mixtures, ultraviolet rays are not terrible.
Oil stains... Dyes of this group dissolve in linseed oil.
Positive characteristics:
- any dyes are combined;
— uniform application, without lifting the fibers;
- do not fade;
- retain their original color for a long period;
- drying time from 2 to 4 hours;
- mixtures are resistant to moisture, temperature extremes.
Flaws:
- toxicity.
Nitro-stains... A solvent acts as a liquid, which dries very quickly after staining. It can be compared to an alcohol group. The characteristics are similar. Also difficult to apply, but resistant to washout and UV rays.
Wax stains... Dyes are diluted with wax. After applying the mixture, a waterproof film forms. After using this group of stains, it is not required to open it with varnish.
Acrylic stains... Dyes dissolve in acrylic resins. The mixture is perfectly applied to the surface, does not create stains, streaks, well reveals the wood pattern, is not toxic. The only drawback is the high cost.
Stain gels... The mixture is thick and intended for soft tree species... In the work, a swab is used to apply the stain in an even layer. This group allows you to remove as much as possible spotting on the surface.
Varnishes stains... Coloring components based on alkyd varnish. No finishing varnish is required here. The tree gets reliable protection from external influences. The work is complicated with varnish stain for several factors:
- volatile compounds, require the mandatory use of a respirator and goggles;
- fire hazardous. Strict measures cannot be dispensed with fire safety.
Stain application
When staining, you should adhere to the right technology... Wood placed vertically is painted from bottom to top. This will prevent splashing on clean places, and will not leave stains in the future.
Horizontal arrangement boards require painting at the first stage along the grain. Next, brush across them and, at the third stage, repeat the original movement.
In work, you can use a spray gun, brush or foam swab. The first option is suitable for large areas, as well as for alcohol and nitro-based stains. The pi nozzle does not exceed 1.5 mm.
Brushes can be with natural and synthetic bristles. Natural fiber is good for oil-based stains, synthetic fiber is water-based.
Before use, the brush should be checked for strength. If, upon contact with it, no lint remains in the hand, then the product good quality and is suitable for coloring. The width of the brush should be 100 mm.
Water stains applied except for the two described more with a tampon or rag. The material should not crumble and leave marks on the wood, so cotton, foam rubber is worth choosing.
The wood absorbs the dye just as much as it needs. Do not be afraid that there will be an overabundance, you just need to remove the excess liquid with a napkin. The stain may look quite different after drying and the color is an order of magnitude lighter. In order not to take risks and get the desired result, you need to take a piece of the board and make a test.
To do this, sand it and cover it with the first layer - this will be the base. After complete drying, apply the second layer to a part of the board. Apply the third layer to the remaining part.
When the paint is dry, cover the entire surface with varnish. Now you can define the color. A sample for conifers, as they do not absorb the stain well and a problem may arise with the color. Minimal amount layers at least two. It is a good idea to prepare several samples with different colors.
Water-based stain has the ability to straighten wood fibers. After complete drying, sand the boards additionally with fine-grain sandpaper, but without much pressure.
Drying time from 15 to 24 hours. Alcohol stain works differently. It will not pick up fibers, but it dries very quickly, forms streaks, so for an even coating it is better to work with a spray gun.
If a brush is used, pre-wet the surface warm water... This also applies to the end parts of the board. They should be wetted, as they absorb a lot of paint, which will make them look darker. Drying time from 5 to 25 minutes.
Algorithm of work:
- the surface is sanded before painting;
- cleaned from greasy stains, if spruce or pine - resin. You can use water (370 ml), combined with acetone (125 ml). Method 2. Add 25 g of caustic soda to 500 ml of water. Method 3. hot water(500 ml), about 60 degrees C, dissolve 25 g of sodium carbonate. Treat the surface thoroughly with one of the mixtures obtained and leave for 30 minutes. Wipe dry with cotton cloth. Now walk again clean water, preferably warmed up;
- slightly warm the stain;
- do not wet the tampon too much and apply to the wood;
- if streaks appear, gently stretch them along the surface along the fibers;
- the number of layers depends on the selected color on the test board;
- as soon as the board is dry, wipe the board well with a cloth. It will remove dried dye that did not get into the pores of the object;
— the final stage is a varnish coating in several layers. Sanding after each layer.
Wood can be dyed in different colors... Today, the fashionable colors are considered “ bleached oak". In order to obtain this effect, 2 types are used. The first layer is applied white stain, it bleaches wood.
Moreover, the dye is taken on a water basis. The second type on a wax base is the next layer. Not the other way around. Since after the wax oak stain, you will not be able to achieve the desired effect.
Stain color the top layer can be any: brown, black, gray. Only annual rings will be colored, the field will remain snow-white ... Photo stains different types... Their contrast is clearly visible here.
Price and reviews
Water buy stain can be in any hardware store at the price of 30 rubles. for 500 ml. The best stain, judging by the reviews, it is considered an acrylic group. Stain price of the same capacity - 78.5 rubles. Only buyers are disappointed that they do not write the composition on the jar.
Wood even after the emergence of metal and various modern synthetic materials for construction remains popular and in demand, as it is a high-quality and environmentally friendly raw material. And thanks to huge choice all kinds paints and varnishes such as wood stain, it became possible to significantly improve appearance wood products, and, importantly, to extend them operational period.
Peculiarities
Under the influence of aggressive factors external environment, including different kinds bacteria, mold and insect pests, the wood can deform and start to rot. In order to minimize the risk of such problems, it is very important to take timely care of the wood. Most effective option to combat such circumstances, wood stain is considered. The tool is liquid composition, giving him the desired tone from the mass of options for colors and shades. This allows you to ennoble the natural color of the wood or radically change it.
Besides aesthetic functions, main feature composition are antiseptic properties. Thanks to the use of the product, wood will be able to serve you twice as long.
Another feature of almost all types of wood stains is the ability to penetrate deeply into the wood without harm to the pattern and texture, unlike enamel or paint.
Wood staining has several advantages:
- the ability to combine different shades of color;
- strengthening and preserving the structure of the tree;
- the service life of products increases;
- the indicators of wood resistance to moisture increase.
Stain is not only a varnish for wood, thanks to its use, you can create a unique interior in a room or completely transform, at first glance, everyday interior items or furniture.
The following liquids are used as a basis for the production of stains: oil, water or alcohol. This division makes it possible to distinguish several types of this composition.
Views
There are 2 types of means - water and non-water (oil and alcohol) stain.
Water based stain it is offered by manufacturers in a ready-to-use state or as a powder (dry mixture). This type of composition is used most often, since it has a very diverse color range... The color of the powder stain can be easily adjusted, it directly depends on the amount of loose substance, that is, the more there is, the richer and brighter the result will be.
The water-based composition has the advantage of no unpleasant odor, so the stain can be used indoors. The disadvantages of this type include the ability of the product to lift the fibers during the surface treatment. Due to this, the moisture resistance of the tree is reduced. The time required for the stain to dry completely varies between 10-14 hours, which can also be attributed to the disadvantages of the variety of the composition.
The technology of working with water-based stains requires pre-wetting the wooden surface, then sanding. The composition is filtered before use. Only after completing such preparatory work you can paint a tree. It is not advisable to use this product on resinous woods.
Oil formulations include dyes dissolved in drying oil or oils. You can work with this type of impregnation with any tool. The product does not raise the fibers of the raw material and does not allow it to be nourished excess moisture... Using a similar composition, you can get any color and shade, additionally using dyes. They are available in powder form, white spirit is used for dilution.
According to experts, oil stain is the simplest and most convenient to use. Oil-based impregnation is very popular among decorators and decorators due to the ability to achieve the desired color.
The pluses of oil stain should include its environmental friendliness, since the most common basis for it is linseed oil. It takes about 2 hours for the surface to dry completely. The composition does not leave stains.
Alcohol based stain Is a dissolved aniline dye. The impregnation is available ready-made or in powder form. The main task of the composition is to protect wood from the damaging effects of moisture and ultraviolet radiation.
The main advantage of alcohol stain is its ability to be instantly absorbed into wood fibers. The composition dries on the surface after 30-40 minutes.
The disadvantages include the fact that it will not work to manually apply the composition to the tree, since the alcohol will evaporate very quickly, which can lead to stains. For work, it is better to use a spray gun.
Along with the above types of wood stains, fundamentally new products began to appear in the assortment of building supermarkets. Modern technologies allowed manufacturers to offer the consumer a water-based acrylic impregnation, as well as a wax composition. New tools were developed to eliminate the main disadvantages of existing formulations.
These products fit well on the surface, most often they are used for painting and treating the floor.
Wax stain restore old wooden coverings, it perfectly fills in color inconsistencies. In addition to the above characteristics, to positive qualities modern formulations can be attributed to their excellent moisture-protective properties. However, such products are very vulnerable to mechanical damage, so they should be varnished. Acrylic and wax liquids are presented in a wide variety color palette... They emphasize the structure of the wood well.
The disadvantages of acrylic stains include their high cost, as well as the possible formation of spots on the surface when two or more layers are applied.
The main disadvantage wax compositions it is believed that they are not able to penetrate deep into wood. The agent only forms a protective layer on top of the material. Such a composition should not be used before treating wood with two-component varnishes or polyurethane.
Since the composition perfectly preserves the texture of the wood and protects against negative impact many external factors, thereby extending its operational life, the answer to the question of what is worth purchasing - varnish or stain, becomes obvious.
Color spectrum
Alternative types of stain include a white compound. This tool is the most environmentally friendly and inexpensive. Along with the, white stain represented by a wide variety of natural shades.
Today assortment similar funds for coating and painting wooden surfaces will be able to meet the needs of each customer. Such products allow the craftsman to give the wood almost any color. IN recent times among specialists, black stain is in demand, which gives the treated surface the appearance of a black mirror. The technology of applying the black compound requires preliminary polishing of the base.
Shades of gray will help the surface blend harmoniously with the interior of any room. However, the use of this color will be successful only if the walls and interior items in the room are bright. Gray color can cause apathy, and products painted in this color will be lost against the background of the rest of the decoration.
According to psychologists, the most optimal color for a person is green. It evokes positive emotions and is suitable for painting walls and ceilings, as well as for furniture and other things.
The blue color gives expressiveness and depth to the finished product. This stain will work well with whites and yellows.
In addition to multi-colored compositions, there is a colorless impregnation on store shelves, which makes it possible to preserve the natural color of the material.
The final color of the tree depends on the number of layers applied., therefore, experts advise taking final decision only after the test painting. The material for test staining is sanded and smoothed. Next, proceed to the application of the first layer of the composition. After it has completely dried, a second layer is applied, but on a smaller area. The third layer is used to process the material on a piece of wood, which will be even smaller than the space allocated for the two previous layers of wood stain.
When all areas are completely dry, comparing the results obtained, you can choose the color you like.
Manufacturers: review and reviews
Today on the paint and varnish market there are products of foreign and domestic manufacturers.
"NovBytKhim" I is a company that specializes in the production of construction and household chemicals... The assortment of manufactured compositions includes various varnishes, paints, decorative materials, as well as stains on a different basis.
According to the majority of buyers, the compositions for wood from the NovBytKhim company for processing and painting wooden products have a strong odor, but they do an excellent job, and also dry quickly. Therefore, painting work must be carried out as quickly as possible. The composition lays down quite evenly, the color is uniform.
Trademark Liberon works as part of the V33 company - the international leader in the production of paints and products for wood surfaces. Products of this brand are popular all over the world, as they are intended for the care of wood, as well as for restoration work with antique interior items and furniture.
French compositions for Liberon wood in the domestic market are represented by decorative and protective stains, fillers for wood, wax removers.
Consumers note some of the advantages of Liberon wood products:
- convenience and ease of applying the composition;
- lack of smell.
The disadvantages of such products include some discrepancy between the declared color and the one indicated on the package.
The most famous German companies that specialize in the production of wood products are Flamingo, Dufa and Caparol.
Caparol has a separate line of wood protection products.
Compositions produced by Turkish companies are considered no less popular products for the care and painting of wood. The leaders among them are manufacturers Betek, Dyo, Marshall.
Specialists who deal with renovation works, celebrate high quality German compositions for wood.
Turkish products for painting wooden surfaces have only positive reviews.
Stains can also be classified by purpose - products for internal works and formulations for external use. The main and only criterion for their difference is the presence of pigment in the composition of means for external work, which provides protection against burnout.
When choosing tools, it will be useful to decide on the tool that will be used for surface treatment with the acquired composition. There are wood stains that cover a wooden surface with a brush, for some you may need a spray gun.
For interior work, for example, if the processing of pieces of furniture is required, it is better to give preference to wax or oil formulations... There are almost no volatile compounds in them. Almost all stains are compatible with paint varnishes.
Alcohol-based products have their own characteristics. They are ideal for tinting furniture, wood products or doors. And for a staircase or parquet, you should choose a different type of wood stain. Alcohol compounds must be applied to the surface with a spray gun, since any error or delay in work will be fraught with the formation of a stain, as a result of which repair or construction works have to start over.
A material such as wood has always been in demand, since it is natural material and no newfangled plastics can compete with it in the ability to create an atmosphere of comfort and warmth in the room. But like any other material, wooden crafts require protection and care.
For these purposes, use special stains and varnishes. Processing wood with such means allows not only to protect it from excessive exposure to light, moisture, scratches, dirt, but also gives it nobility and sophistication.
To better protect the wood flooring and extend its life, it is recommended to treat it with wood stain. Such an impregnation penetrates deeply into the pores of the wood and, entering into a chemical reaction with the tannins in the annual rings, gives the wood a light- and water-protective color.
Besides, wood stain protects the tree from grinder beetles, mold fungi and other infections and pests. Modern liquid stains are of the following types:
- oil;
- alcohol;
- water.
Consider them characteristic properties in details.
Water stain
Such impregnation is of two types: in the form of ready-made solutions that can be used immediately, and in the form of a powder. A solution should be prepared from it. Water stain does not need drying oil, white spirit and other solvents.
However, it has one significant drawback: when the impregnation penetrates into the wood, it lifts its fibers, as a result of which the tree remains unprotected against excess moisture.
But, on the other hand, with the help of such processing of wood, its structure is emphasized and distinguished. Therefore, today this type of stain is considered the most common.
Alcohol stain
This impregnation is a solution of aniline dye in ethyl alcohol. It is used for decorative and antiseptic painting wood products. With the help of an alcohol stain, the raising of the pile is reduced and the wood swelling does not occur.
Using this kind of stain, it is quite difficult to achieve uniform staining, because the composition dries very quickly and stains may form... This impregnation is best suited for tinting small items, but it will not be suitable for painting parquet.
Oil stain
This impregnation is a dye dissolved in flax oil. It is the most convenient for work and can be applied different ways... Oil stain does not lift fibers and is evenly distributed over the entire wood surface. Products processed in this way can always be easy to paint and restore.
Varnish for wood surfaces
Varnishes that are used to cover wood are of several types:
Alkyd varnishes are required diluted with solvent... The surface treated with this product is protected from fire and water and does not fade in the sun. Thanks to acrylic varnish, a film is formed that does not allow the wood to wear off and slows down the aging of the wood.
Nitrol varnishes, although they dry much faster, however, are not able to resist for too long negative impact ultraviolet and moisture. Polyurethane varnishes differ increased wear resistance and form a durable film on a wooden surface that dries very quickly.
They were very popular relatively recently oil varnishes, but nowadays they are most often used for floor treatment. Their main advantage is low price... Such varnishes should be diluted with linseed oil, and they dry for a very long time. It has proven itself well on Russian market such a novelty as acrylic varnish, which is versatile and convenient to use.
It is used for both outdoor and indoor work. This varnish should be diluted with water, and it does not have a pungent odor. With its protective qualities, it resembles alkyd varnishes, but it is much more economical to use... But alcohol varnishes are used only for the restoration of antique furniture.
Wood surface preparation
It is recommended to apply stain and varnish only on a smooth and sanded surface. Regardless of which coating should be painted - new or old, it must be carefully examined. All cracks, seams and knots found should be processed and eliminated.
If gaps were also found between the joints and seams, their close up with a special putty... As soon as it dries, to remove possible irregularities, the putty areas are re-sanded with fine sandpaper.
It should be borne in mind that it makes no sense to putty a damp or unfinished tree, and even more so to treat it with a stain or varnish it. Such a tree begins to deform and the applied layer always falls into disrepair.
Wood stain application
The wood surface should be painted with wood stain in the same way as with ordinary paint. The only thing is that such an impregnation dries very quickly, so you should also work fast but neat.
Before completing the work, you must not allow the stain to dry out, otherwise a seam will be clearly visible in this place, which differs from the rest of the surface. That is why you should not put a lot of solution on the brush.
To paint a wooden floor with a stain, use:
- Paint brush.
- Foam roller.
- Automatic or manual spray.
The stain is applied parallel to grain direction tree and therefore you should not process another section, if you have not finished working with the first one. In the place where the connection of the two sections takes place, it is necessary to ensure that the applied impregnation layers do not overlap each other.
Thanks to the stain, the tree acquires exquisite and excellent color... In addition, it protects and enhances the woody texture. After the planed plank floor has been laid, it is necessary that it is always clean, otherwise, after applying the stain, all stains will begin to stand out.
If there are greasy stains on the floor, the stain in this area may not be absorbed into the wood. If the parquet made of wood is in good condition and there is no need to restore and putty it, then its coating is a similar impregnation a great solution to renew the old parquet floor.
If you need to get a new shade, multiple colors can be mixed wood stains. Stir carefully so that splashes do not fall on the floor, as such stains will subsequently stand out very strongly. It is recommended to mix only compatible components.
After the wooden surface is stained, it is varnished in several layers, using for work paint brush or roller... If you need to process hard-to-reach places, then take a foam sponge.
Recently, spray varnish is gaining popularity, for the application of which no tools are required. But this varnish is consumed several times more than the traditional one.
The technique of applying varnish is similar to the technique of wood staining. Painting a wooden surface with varnish should in 2-3 layers, and they must be very thin, otherwise smudges will be very noticeable on such a coating.
Thus, it does not require any special knowledge to stain and varnish a wooden surface. This is anyone can do it... The main thing is to have patience and perseverance. Only in this case the tree in the house will delight the eye with its appearance.