After the introduction of GOST R 53300-2009 “SMOKE PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES. Methods of acceptance and periodic testing”, this type of work has become easier - there is a generally accepted standard that can be referred to.
There are several types of tests, let's start with the backwater in the stairwell, the architects seem to call them H2 (above-ground smoke-free stairwell). Looks like this:
Rice. 1. Ventilation of a smoke-free staircase, outside view.
Serving is usually from above, below the door to the street. The bottom door opens outwards. Looks like this up close:
Rice. 2. Exit to the street from the stairwell.
The internal doors of the floors open towards the staircase.
The air supply for backwater in this case looks like this: a valve in the upper part of the staircase, installation on the roof.
The choice of measurement points is described in GOST, questions arise in detail.
The first inconvenience is the passage of the impulse tube. When testing, the door seems to be closed, how can I pull the tube?
The most suitable place is marked in the picture. You need to make sure that the tube passes the pressure pulse.
In this case, a slight leak in the door porch is possible - it has very little effect on the result, since in both test modes according to paragraph 4.4. sensitivity to small leaks is small. Although, of course, if in the second mode the pressure is at the lower limit, 20 Pa, then the opening needs to be sealed.
We measure the pressure, enter it in the journal, adjust if necessary. At the final measurement, we draw up protocols. The second tube, it is not in the photo, in accordance with GOST, sometimes it is necessary to take it out from the measuring point.
Tests are carried out in two modes:
At this stage, sometimes there is difficulty. The two test modes are very different, in order to ensure the standard in the second mode, a powerful fan with a high flow rate and, accordingly, pressure is needed.
When going to the tests in the first mode, with all doors closed, there is a very high pressure in the stairwell.
Actually, this is not an adjustment question: designers must provide for both options, there are two main ways - selection of a suitable fan or a pressure relief system. In the second case, the adjustment is reduced to adjusting the valve, in the first - to adjusting the fan.
Support in the elevator shaft
We simply fulfill the requirements of GOST - we distill the elevator to the desired floor, open the doors.
On the adjoining floor, we open the elevator door - for this you need a triangular key, or, in extreme cases, combined pliers. The arrow shows the lock for the manual opening of the elevator doors.
We measure the support. According to the measurement results, we compact or decompress the elevator shaft or ventilation network.
Actually everything. Due to the clarity of pressure measurements, the difficulties are hidden in the details.
Registration of measurement results
For each final measurement, a protocol is drawn up, which is attached to the passport. Therefore, passports for smoke ventilation systems are thicker than passports for general ventilation.
The test fire laboratory of ANO "RAESA" has already carried out many tests of smoke exhaust systems at all possible facilities.
Also, we periodically publish all our checks and tests of a particular object. You can read the protocols for the following objects:
- M.Video stores;
- Measurements of the air flow of the PD-1 and PD-2 systems in the residential complex "Ermolino", Vidnoye;
- Checking the smoke exhaust system and air overpressure in the building of the Multifunctional shopping complex with the Vesna hypermarket, Moscow region;
- Aerodynamic tests of the ventilation system in the Giproniizdrav Business Center, Moscow.
Typical example of a smoke extraction test report
PROTOCOL №___
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
(name and address of the testing center)
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
(name and address of the customer)
3. Characteristics of the ordered service ____________________________________________________________________________
(name of the object, address and date of the inspection)
4. Organization that carried out the installation ______________________________________________________________________________
(name of the organization, details, certificate No., validity period of the Certificate)
5. Description of the test method and procedure ____________________________________________________________________________
6. Measuring instruments
7. Design solution ______________________________________________________________________________
8. Evaluation of performance ________________________________________________________________________________
9. Conclusions based on test results ____________________________________________________________________________
10. Performers
The tests were carried out by: ____________________________________________________________
(position, surname, initials, signature)
Additional information (applications)
(accreditation certificate)
In conclusion, it should be written that if you have any questions related to the conduct of any tests in the field of fire safety, please write to us at
GOST R 53300-2009
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
SMOKE PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
Acceptance and periodic test methods
The smoke control systems of buildings. Methods of acceptance and routine tests
OKS 13.220.50
Introduction date 2010-01-01
with the right of early application*
_______________________
* See "Notes" label.
Foreword
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor" Research Institute of Fire Defense" of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"
3 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated February 18, 2009 N 76-st
4 This standard takes into account the requirements of the international standard EN 137:2006* "Protective breathing devices - Self-contained breathing apparatus with compressed air with a full facepiece. Requirements, testing, marking"
________________
* Access to international and foreign documents mentioned in the text can be obtained by contacting the User Support Service. - Database manufacturer's note.
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
6 REVISION. June 2019
The rules for the application of this standard are set out in Article 26 of the Federal Law of June 29, 2015 N 162-FZ "On standardization in the Russian Federation" . Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index "National Standards", and the official text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)
1 area of use
1.1 This standard establishes the procedure and frequency of acceptance and periodic testing of smoke ventilation systems for buildings and structures for various purposes (hereinafter referred to as buildings).
1.2 The test results established by this method are intended to assess the technical condition of smoke ventilation systems at new construction and reconstruction facilities, as well as on buildings in operation.
2 Normative references
This standard uses normative reference to the following standard:
GOST 12.3.018 SSBT Ventilation systems. Aerodynamic test methods
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If an undated referenced reference standard has been replaced, it is recommended that the current version of that standard be used, taking into account any changes made to that version. If the reference standard to which the dated reference is given is replaced, then it is recommended to use the version of this standard with the year of approval (acceptance) indicated above. If, after the adoption of this standard, a change is made to the referenced standard to which a dated reference is given, affecting the provision to which the reference is given, then this provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference to it is given is recommended to be applied in the part that does not affect this reference.
3 Frequency and composition of tests
3.1 Acceptance tests of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems are carried out during the commissioning of new construction and reconstruction facilities.
3.2 The list of indicators controlled during acceptance tests of smoke ventilation systems is presented in Table 1.
Table 1
Parameter | Parameter control technique | Permissible value |
|
Schematic solution of smoke ventilation of the facility | Comparison | ||
Quantity, mounting position and technical data of smoke exhaust fans | Comparison | Data of ventilation passports |
|
Quantity, mounting position and technical data of supply smoke ventilation fans | Comparison | Data of ventilation passports |
|
Quantity, mounting position and technical data of smoke, fire dampers normally closed | Comparison | Data of ventilation passports |
|
Design of fire-resistant air ducts (channels) of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation | Visually | Data of ventilation passports. |
|
Actual flow rates of air removed by exhaust smoke ventilation systems through smoke inlets directly from the premises | Quantification | Data of ventilation passports |
|
The same - from the corridors (halls) located on the evacuation routes | Quantification | Data of ventilation passports |
|
The same - from premises protected by gas aerosol and powder fire extinguishing installations | Quantification | Data of ventilation passports |
|
Actual overpressure values in smoke-free H2 type stairwells (staircase sections) | Quantification | In the range of 20-150 Pa |
|
The same - in the elevator shafts | Quantification | In the range of 20-150 Pa |
|
The same - in the vestibule locks | Quantification | In the range of 20-150 Pa; |
3.3 In the course of acceptance tests, the indicators and characteristics given in 6-11 of Table 1 should be checked.
Additionally, during a comprehensive check of the state of the fire protection of the facility as a whole, indicators 1-5 of Table 1 should be subject to control.
3.4 The required parameters of exhaust smoke ventilation systems should be taken on the basis of ventilation passports made in the prescribed manner by the organization that adjusted the systems.
3.5 Periodic testing of smoke ventilation systems should be carried out at least once every 2 years.
3.6 During periodic testing, only the parameters specified in 6-11 of Table 1 shall be subject to control.
3.7 When conducting periodic tests, at least 30% of the total number of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems selected by random selection should be subject to control.
4 Order and sequence of acceptance and periodic tests
4 The order and sequence of acceptance and periodic tests
4.1 Acceptance tests are carried out after completion of installation, run-in of ventilation units, adjustment of engineering equipment, fire protection work, certification of systems.
4.2 During testing, the initiation of the operation of smoke ventilation systems should be carried out by the commissioning organization in the required combination of system interaction.
In the absence of data on the order of operation of the supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems, it is allowed to initiate the operation of systems in automatic control mode with a preliminary de-energization of electrical receivers of automatic fire extinguishing systems, alarms, voice warnings, etc.
4.3 The control of the actual parameters of the exhaust smoke ventilation systems should be carried out at the smoke intakes of the sections of the networks most remote from the fans.
4.4 In above-ground smoke-free staircases of type H2, measurements of excess pressure should be carried out in two stages:
- all doors of the staircase are closed, except for the door on the floor leading from the building to the outside, measurements are made on the closed door of the adjacent floor located above the floor equipped with an exit from the building to the outside.
In underground smoke-free stairwells of type H2, overpressure measurements must be carried out in two stages:
- all the doors of the staircase are closed, measurements are made on the closed doors of the lower and upper floors;
- all doors of the staircase are closed, except for the door on the floor leading from the building to the outside, measurements are taken on the closed door of the adjacent floor located below the floor equipped with an exit from the building to the outside.
4.5 When monitoring the actual parameters of the supply smoke ventilation systems specified in 4.4, all doors of the premises (lodges, halls, vestibules, corridors) located along the evacuation route from the staircase to the outside exit must be open.
4.6 Determination of overpressure in the lift shafts connecting the overground floors should be made on the door of the adjacent upper floor in relation to the main landing floor; in elevator shafts connecting underground floors - on the door of the adjacent lower floor in relation to the main landing floor.
In elevator shafts that provide communication between above-ground and underground (including basement) floors, the overpressure values on the lower and upper adjacent floors in relation to the main landing floor are subject to measurement.
4.7 When monitoring the actual parameters of the supply smoke ventilation systems specified in 4.6, the elevator must be on the "main landing floor", the cabin doors and elevator shafts must be open.
4.8 Measurement of excess pressure in elevator shafts on underground (including basement) floors should be carried out with the doors of elevator halls open.
4.9 Measurement of overpressure in vestibule locks should be carried out on closed doors in relation to the simulated smoky room.
4.10 To determine the speed of air outflow through the open doorway of the tambour-lock, measurements should be made on the air supply device of the supply smoke ventilation system. It is allowed to make the above measurements in the cross section of the channel with a Pitot tube in accordance with the provisions of GOST 12.3.018.
The recalculation of the results obtained must be carried out in accordance with section 6 of this standard.
4.11 All measurements should be made with closed window openings.
4.12 Decorative and protective gratings of smoke intake devices that change the direction of air flow must be dismantled before testing.
4.13 All measurements are made not less than 2 minutes after the systems start up and reach the stationary mode.
4.14 The number of air velocity measurements should be at least:
- 6 for vane anemometers;
- 10 for hot-wire anemometers.
4.15 Measurement points with anemometers in the measured section should be equidistant from each other.
4.16 The thickness of the fire-retardant coating is checked selectively, but not less than 15% of the total surface area of fire-resistant air ducts.
4.17 The permissible discrepancy between the actual parameters in relation to the values specified in the ventilation passports for exhaust smoke ventilation systems should not exceed 15%.
4.18 If it is necessary to determine the thickness of the fire retardant coating in open areas of fire retardant work, taking into account the provisions of 3.3, the value of the standard deviation from the nominal thickness of the fire retardant coating of the air duct is taken according to the technological regulations for the application of the fire retardant composition.
5 Instruments and measuring instruments
5.1 The flow rate of air removed by exhaust smoke ventilation systems, the speed of air outflow through the open doorway of the vestibule locks are measured by anemometers of accuracy class not lower than 1.0.
5.2 The pressure drop in stairwells, lift shafts, vestibules, lift lobbies is measured with a differential pressure gauge with an accuracy class of at least 1.0.
5.3 The thickness of the fireproof coating of fire-resistant air ducts is determined by a thickness gauge with an accuracy class of at least 1.0.
5.4 Anemometers, differential pressure gauges and thickness gauges used in testing must be registered in the State Register of Measuring Instruments and have verification certificates.
5.5 Measuring ranges of instruments must comply with the requirements of Table 2.
table 2
Device type | Measuring range | Units |
|
Anemometer | Not more than 0.5 | At least 20 | |
Differential pressure gauge | No more than 5 | At least 400 | |
thickness gauge | No more than 2 | At least 150 | |
5.6 Differential pressure gauges must be equipped with two hoses with a length of at least 3 m each. The inner section of the hose is selected according to the outer diameter of the pressure receiver.
6 Processing measurement results
6.1 Based on the results of all primary measurements, the arithmetic mean values of the measured parameters are determined
where is the current value of the measured parameter in the th dimension;
- amount of points.
6.2 The actual volume flow rate of air removed by the exhaust smoke ventilation system is determined by the formulas:
where , - air consumption in the air intake, air supply device, respectively, m/h;
, - area of the passage section of the smoke intake, air supply device, respectively, m.
6.3 The speed of air flow through an open doorway is determined by the formula
where - the average speed of the outflow of supply air through the open doorway of the tambour-lock, m / s;
- area of the door (larger sash), m
6.4 The standard deviation from the nominal thickness of the fire protection coating is determined by the following formula
where is the standard deviation, mm.
7 Presentation of the results of acceptance and periodic tests
7 Presentation of the results of acceptance and periodic tests
7.1 Based on the results of the acceptance and periodic tests of smoke ventilation systems, a protocol is drawn up, the form of which is presented in Appendix A.
Appendix A (recommended). Form of the protocol of acceptance aerodynamic tests
Form of the protocol of acceptance aerodynamic tests
1 Acceptance object
2 Purpose of acceptance
3 Acceptance method
4 Acceptance procedure
5 Acceptance results
5.1 List of indicators to be assessed and assessment results (Table 1).
Table 1
Evaluation parameter | Parameter control technique | Permissible value | Statement of Compliance |
|
5.2 Main test results of smoke exhaust ventilation systems (Table 2).
table 2
Design designation | Functional purpose | Main settings | Discrepancy, % |
|||
design | actual | |||||
consumption, m h | consumption, m h | |||||
5.3 Main test results of the supply smoke ventilation system (Table 3).
Table 3
Design designation | Functional purpose | Main settings | Statement of Compliance |
||||
design | actual | ||||||
pressure, Pa | speed, m s | pressure, Pa | speed, m s | ||||
6 Conclusions
Bibliography
OKS 13.220.50 |
|
Keywords: testing, ventilation |
|
Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
Moscow: Standartinform, 2019
The fundamental documents that establish the procedure and frequency for conducting acceptance and periodic tests of ventilation systems for smoke protection of buildings and structures with artificial induction are the Fire Safety Standards of the Republic of Belarus “Smoke Protection of Buildings and Structures. NPB 23-2000 "Methods for acceptance and periodic testing" and GOST 12.3.018-79 "Ventilation systems. Methods of aerodynamic tests".
Acceptance tests of smoke protection systems are carried out upon acceptance into operation of newly constructed, reconstructed and repaired buildings, as well as upon completion of the overhaul and refurbishment of smoke protection systems. Periodic tests are carried out in accordance with the technical and operational documentation of the building, but at least once a year. Acceptance and periodic testing of smoke protection systems for buildings should be carried out by specialized organizations licensed to carry out installation, repair, maintenance, and adjustment of these systems in the presence of representatives of the state fire supervision.
All measurements during aerodynamic tests must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.018. Before the start of aerodynamic tests in the building, the situation specified in NPB 23-2000 p.4.2-4.4 is reproduced. All measurements during aerodynamic tests of smoke protection systems are performed no earlier than 15 minutes after the situation in the building is created according to paragraphs 4.2-4.4. and turning on the fans of the smoke protection system.
When conducting aerodynamic tests, it is recommended to use the following measuring instruments:
combined pressure receiver - for measuring dynamic and total flow pressures at air speeds of more than 5 m/s and static pressures in steady flows;
differential pressure gauges - for registering pressure drops;
anemometer - for measuring air velocities less than 5 m/s; barometer - for measuring pressure in the environment;
thermometer - for measuring air temperature;
psychrometer - for measuring air humidity;
tachometer - to determine the number of revolutions of the motor and fan shaft;
stopwatch - to determine time intervals during testing;
ruler - to determine the coordinates of pressure and velocity measurement points, geometrical parameters of air ducts and smoke exhaust dampers.
During testing, the aerodynamic characteristics of ventilation systems, excess static pressures in protected volumes (stairwells, elevator shafts, elevator and stair halls, vestibule locks), the air flow rate removed through smoke valves directly from the premises, corridors (halls) on evacuation routes are determined. , consumption (speed) of air in the door at the exit from the floor (premises) on the evacuation route. The places for measuring the listed controlled parameters are determined taking into account the requirements of GOST 12.3.018, the design solution of the smoke protection system and the space-planning solutions of the building.
The aerodynamic characteristics of ventilation systems and excess static pressures in the protected volumes of the building are determined using a combined pressure receiver and a differential pressure gauge. Excessive static pressures in the protected volumes are measured in relation to the adjacent premises (hall, corridor and other premises), while the static pressure receivers in these premises are placed at the same height and located at a distance of at least 0.5 meters from the enclosing structures.
The speed of air movement in door openings, valve openings and other openings is determined using an anemometer.
A schematic diagram of measurements of the parameters of the smoke protection system and gas exchange on the floors of the building during the operation of the smoke protection ventilation system is shown in Fig.3.
Fig 3.
1 - smoke exhaust shaft, 2 - smoke-free staircase of the second type (H2), 3 - elevator shafts, 4 - floor corridor, -> - directions of air flow.
The value of excess static pressure in the protected volumes must be at least 20 Pa. The value of the measured volume flow of air removed from the room or corridor must be at least the calculated value. The maximum differential pressure across the escape route doors must not exceed 150 Pa. The air flow supplied to the airlocks operating in case of fire with one open door to the corridor, hall or basement should be determined by calculation or by the air velocity in the doorway (air velocity must be at least 1.3 m / s).
The test results of smoke protection systems should contain:
full address, nature of use, departmental affiliation, series of a typical building design (if any);
type of tests (acceptance or periodic);
a list of measuring instruments used during aerodynamic tests with an indication of the serial number and date of verification (calibration);
a brief description of the smoke protection system, including information about its design solution, installed equipment;
diagrams of the smoke exhaust system and supply ventilation;
information on the technical condition of the smoke protection system at the time of testing;
Aerodynamic testing of the smoke exhaust system is a set of works that are aimed at checking the functional state of the equipment responsible for smoke exhaust. Test work is carried out after the system is installed. Aerodynamic testing refers to an integral element of the functioning of the system during acceptance tests at already operating facilities or directly put into operation.
Testing laboratories include organizations that test goods or services for compliance with standardized legislative rules. Only certain organizations carry out tests, issuing appropriate conclusions.
The tasks of ventilation and smoke removal systems include the processing, movement and removal of air masses from the premises. To ensure design values during the operation of ventilation equipment, aerodynamic tests are carried out.
Calculation of general exchange and smoke ventilation systems
Smoke extraction plants
The fire-fighting system is a reliable mechanism that provides protection of the facility and lightning-fast evacuation of people from the premises. Checking smoke exhaust - an integral element of fire-fighting equipment - is carried out on the basis of special tests, as a result of which it can be concluded that the fire-fighting devices are in good condition. Testing must comply with the regulations and standards.
A carefully installed smoke extraction system will minimize the risk of fire, and testing should be taken to ensure reliable operation. The test results are entered into a special act for the inspection of smoke exhaust.
Why are aerodynamic smoke removal tests needed?
The need for aerodynamic testing is beyond doubt - such work is needed to ensure normal and safe operation, to check the functional state of individual elements. Aerodynamic tests make it possible to determine the state of supply and exhaust ventilation of residential, industrial or public buildings. So, as a result of the tests carried out, it is determined:
- performance (power);
- condition of ventilation ducts;
- functioning of air filters;
- providing air exchange in the premises.
The essence of the ongoing aerodynamic tests of smoke exhaust and ventilation systems is to go through a number of successive stages:
- Initial visual inspection.
- Thorough analysis of the system as a whole and individual elements.
- Verification of technical documentation for equipment, analysis of design information.
- Carrying out certain measurements, calculations.
- Drawing up a report with its subsequent transfer to the owner of the object.
Smoke is a dangerous factor that, in the event of a fire, can lead to disastrous consequences for human life and health. The equipment responsible for smoke removal removes smoke from the premises, while simultaneously providing an influx of fresh air masses. The components of smoke exhaust are air ducts and fire dampers, which operate automatically when a smoke screen occurs.
Aerodynamic tests are carried out by specialized companies that have the appropriate licenses to perform this kind of work. Any test work is carried out in accordance with GOST standards (requirements). The main tools for conducting aerodynamic tests:
- combined pressure receiver;
- differential pressure gauges that record pressure surges;
- anemometers that measure the speed of air flow;
- barometers that record pressure indicators;
- thermometers measuring air temperature;
- psychrometers - devices for calculating air humidity indicators;
- stopwatch, ruler.
The test work carried out by specialized organizations is consistent with the schedule. Upon successful completion of the aerodynamic tests, a certificate of acceptance and delivery of the smoke exhaust system is signed. Thus, aerodynamic tests are a necessary and difficult stage of work to check the smoke exhaust system.