Fiberboard and chipboard - wood boards, commonly used in furniture production and at various construction work. But the method of manufacture and the composition of the materials differ significantly, despite the difference in only one letter of the abbreviation. They should not be compared and divided into better and worse. Fiberboard and chipboard have different characteristics, and the scope is also different, although the same direction.
fiberboard
Fibreboard is made from wood fibres. Fiber suppliers are sawmills, as for them it is production waste. Wood fibers are mixed with special additives and synthetic polymers and hot pressed. The use of such plates is ubiquitous in the manufacture of furniture and carrying out:
- Stacked under floor coverings as a substrate.
- Used in the installation of partitions in residential and office space as well as in wagons.
- In the furniture industry, boxes are made from fiberboard, rear walls, various shelves.
Advantages of fiberboard:
- Relatively low price.
- Long service life.
- High moisture resistance.
Wood boards are usually sold in whole sheets. They can be cut into pieces of the desired size, but you have to buy a whole sheet. Therefore, it is very important to navigate in the standard sizes of fiberboard sheets in order to make the most of its usable area.
Fiberboard is divided into the following types: soft, semi-hard, hard and super-hard.
Soft:
- Thickness - 8, 12, 16, 25 mm.
- Length - 1220, 1600, 1800, 2500, 2700, 3000 mm.
- Width - 1 220 mm.
Semi-hard, hard and extra hard:
- Thickness - semi-solid: 6, 8, 12 mm; hard and extra hard: 3.2, 4.5, 6.0 mm.
- Length - 1220, 1700, 1800, 2050, 2500, 2745.3050, 3350, 3660 mm.
- Width - 610, 1220, 1525, 1830, 2410 mm.
Chipboard
Chipboards are also produced by hot pressing. The main component is wood shavings, additional ones are binders of non-mineral origin and special additives.
It has a number of advantages: it can withstand heavy loads, it is easy to process, it has a surface High Quality, hygienically safe.
Chipboard sheets have their own standard sizes. From the thickness, for example, depends on the area of application of the plates.
- Thin plates (8-10 mm) are used for arranging decorative partitions and those parts of furniture that are not subject to a heavy load.
- When arranging the floor for linoleum and laminate, in the production of basic furniture elements, sheets with a thickness of 16-18 mm are used.
- Doors, countertops and furniture structures with a heavy load are made of chipboard with a thickness of 22-25mm.
- For the production of the most durable shelves and countertops, plates with a thickness of 28-38 mm are used (bar counters are made from these).
Standard chipboard sheets which are easy to find in any hardware store, have the following dimensions: 2 750x1 830 mm, 2 620x1 830 mm and 2 440x1 830 mm. Plates of such parameters are more convenient to transport and less waste is left when sawing. BUT total number There are quite a lot of sizing options.
Many people think that chipboard and fiberboard are two types of the same material that differ only slightly from each other. This is not so, the differences between them are very significant, and they largely determine operational properties these materials. It cannot be said that one of them is better and the other is worse, they just have a little different sphere applications.
Definition
Chipboard(or chipboard) is a sheet composite material, obtained by hot pressing chips and other wood particles together with non-mineral binders and special additives. Chipboards have been produced since the middle of the last century, used for furniture and construction.
fiberboard(or fibreboard) is a sheet composite material obtained by hot pressing cellulose fibers, synthetic polymers and special additives. The production of fiberboard began in the second half of the 20th century and is used for the manufacture of furniture, in construction and car building.
fiberboard Comparison
It should be immediately noted that they are produced according to different technologies. The main raw material for chipboard manufacturing is a waste of wood of low-value species of deciduous and coniferous trees, and the main binding element is synthetic resins. At fiberboard manufacturing the main raw material is wood dust compressed by hot pressing and bound with synthetic polymers. Also, rosin and paraffin, which are water repellents, are necessarily added to the composition of fiberboards.
Differences in chemical composition and production technologies determined and various properties these sheet materials. Chipboards are thicker and denser, withstand heavy loads, but fibreboards are stronger and have significantly higher moisture resistance.
Chipboard is used for the installation of furniture structures and when laying floors, and fiberboard is used in the manufacture of drawers, rear walls of furniture, as a substrate for floor coverings, the manufacture of shelves, shelving, the construction of partitions in apartments, offices, utility rooms and cars.
Chipboard and fiberboard sheets have different sizes. The thickness of fiberboard is from 2.5 to 12 mm, and chipboard sheets are produced with a thickness of up to 25 mm. Dimensions comply with the standards prescribed in the regulatory documentation.
The cost of these materials is also different: square meter Fiberboard is sold much cheaper than chipboard. Features of production were also reflected in the life of the materials: durable and moisture resistant fiberboard sheets will last much longer.
Findings site
- Chipboard is made from shavings and other waste of low-value wood species with the addition of synthetic resins, and fiberboard is made from wood dust and cellulose fibers with the addition of synthetic polymers, rosin and paraffin.
- The thickness of fibreboards is from 2.5 to 12 mm, and the thickness of wood particle boards can reach 25 mm.
- Fiberboard has a higher moisture resistance, and chipboard can withstand heavy loads.
- The cost of fiberboard is much lower than chipboard.
- Chipboard is used for the manufacture of furniture structures, when laying floors, and fiberboard is used in the production of sliding furniture drawers, back walls of furniture, shelves, racks, and the construction of partitions.
- The service life of fiberboard is longer than chipboard.
Chipboard and MDF are common abbreviations. Let's try to figure out what they mean and, most importantly, how they differ from each other. After all, chipboard and MDF are considered the most popular materials used for the production of doors, cabinet furniture and other structures.
Definition
Chipboard- chipboard. It is formed by flat hot pressing of wood particles (sawdust and shavings) impregnated with a binder, mainly formaldehyde resins. The raw material for the production of chipboard is low-value wood, both hardwood and softwood. Chipboard is characterized by increased strength, water resistance, excellent heat and sound insulation properties. It is used in the furniture industry, however, due to the formaldehyde resins it contains, it is not recommended for the production of children's furniture.
MDF is a medium-density fibreboard, for the production of which very fine particles are used. sawdust. Fiber boards are formed from waste wood or wood destined for felling, which are ground into small cubes, then treated with high pressure steam, and fed to the disks of the grating machine. The wiped material is sent for drying and subsequent gluing. Wood particles are glued together with paraffin or lignin, so MDF is exclusively eco-friendly material. MDF is widely used for doors, furniture, laminate flooring and moldings. Surface MDF boards smooth, uniform, even, dense, easy to process.
Comparison
The most important difference between chipboard and MDF is the technology of their production. MDF, unlike chipboard, is made by dry pressing small wood chips under the action of high pressure and temperature. For the production of chipboard, the hot pressing method is used. For the formation of chipboard, low-value tree species are used, while for MDF production use scraps of woodworking or wood intended for felling.
Fine chips are glued together with paraffin or lignin, and when chipboard production Synthetic resins are used to glue chips. Thus, MDF, unlike particle boards, is considered environmentally friendly. pure material, which in terms of its environmental characteristics approaches natural wood. Chipboard during operation releases formaldehyde into the air (a rather toxic substance). Fiberboard products can be used in rooms with air humidity up to 80% ( wooden crafts– up to 60%).
Findings site
- MDF is produced by dry pressing of small chips under the action of high temperature and pressure, chipboard - by hot pressing.
- For the manufacture of chipboard, low-value tree species are used, for the production of MDF - woodworking trimmings or wood intended for cutting down.
- MDF is an environmentally friendly material, and chipboard emits formaldehyde into the air during operation.
- MDF, unlike chipboard, can be used in rooms with high humidity(up to 80%).
Use of woodworking residues for the purpose of manufacturing different materials- a universal method used not only to conserve natural resources, but also as a great way to save money. Actually, that's why they gained wider popularity. However, despite the similar name, they have a lot of differences. Where is it better and how to use wood-based panels?
Properties
Thin fibreboards have a softer structure and are more appropriate to use where material flexibility is required - when sheathing unusual wall systems with a rounded surface, original multilevel ceilings, arched parts. However, in finishing, with their own small thickness, the products do not perform as well as particle board.
Chipboard has good thermal insulation properties. The main factor This is the large thickness of the panels, inaccessible to elastic fiber boards. Therefore, for internal works for wall cladding, requiring additional insulation, chipboard sheets will be an order of magnitude cheaper than wood-fiber material with a substrate for thermal insulation and a vapor barrier.
The strength characteristics are supposed to be higher for particle boards, but technology intervened here. There are many more types of fiberboard, and they all have different technical properties. The main classification is based on density - from the most non-solid softboard to hardboard with a hard texture. And if, in comparison with the first particle boards, it is obvious that they are leading in terms of resistance to bending, but hopelessly lose to hard fiber grades.
In addition to all this, fiberboards cost-effectively differ from particle boards in their stronger resistance to moisture (rosin and paraffin are included in the structure of adhesive elements for their manufacture), durability and low cost. Harmful fumes from hardboard sheets are much less, which makes it possible to call them relatively environmentally friendly and not dangerous to humans and useful when used in damp rooms (kitchen, bathroom).
Main differences
With the overall similarity, as well as the name of the boards of wood origin, and the material for production, the difference in technological processes manufacturing has caused significant differences between these popular materials.
Production features
Chipboard is made from large-sized chips and third-rate wood. Press-treated sheets with bonding resins have every chance of having enough big thick(no more than 5 cm), and their plane after grinding looks beautiful thanks to the unique pattern of natural wood chips.
Despite excellent reliability, the configuration of particle boards is loose and, in comparison with wood, holds screws and nails worse. It is not worth re-screwing the bolt into the same hole. It is better to fasten such sheets with nuts and bolts using washers, which will not allow the product to be pushed through at the junction of the bolts.
Fibreboard is produced from higher quality fragments of sawmill production (branches, tops), however, finely ground. As a result, they acquire greater elasticity, a barely noticeable pattern on the surface and a uniform structure. Thickness, and, consequently, reliability can be significantly weaker than that of chipboard.
Two production methods of fiber sheets - dry and wet - make it possible to purchase different types panels. In the initial case, the output is a smooth one-sided sheet with a felt texture on the opposite side. The dry method makes it possible to produce both single and double-sided products with a smooth surface. With all this, the difference in operation they will be small.
Possibilities of use
Chipboards have shown themselves excellently in the manufacture of cabinet furniture, doors, countertops and finished floors. As a result, the constituent components of pressed chips are covered with a decorative film (laminated), or they are covered with natural wood veneer. In addition to external attractiveness similar coating protects the particle board from moisture and prevents the evaporation of toxins that are in the binder resins of the substance. Although they do not tolerate hot kitchen fumes and the humidity of the bathroom.
Due to their smaller dimensions, fiberboards have a small range of applications. Even in furniture construction, they are considered an auxiliary material that reduces the weight of the construction of the most powerful particle boards, but does not represent a serious load. However, in finishing work, for example, when sheathing walls and ceilings, it is more economical and correct to lay a fiber board than heavy particle boards or drywall. These sheets are better due to the fact that they are thin and are preferable for the microclimate in the house.
Today began to produce panels with decorative coating, any colors and sizes. However, such a finish is not widely used. Pseudovagonka can be installed with the help of key joints, and the tile should be nailed or mounted on glue.
Summarize
These plates actually have nothing in common with each other, but there is also a little bit in common, this is a release form, relatively thin and with large area. Therefore, it is impossible to characterize them as interchangeable materials, and comparative study may be considered incorrect. For each specific case, a specific material is selected that meets the needs of the construction process.
Any work requires knowledge of the material used. This is especially true if the process concerns the finishing and production of interior items. For such events, fiberboard is often used, which plays the role of rough and fine cladding or furniture parts, so it is important to take into account the features, types and scope of products.
At the mention of this abbreviation, associations most often arise with panels of small thickness used in everyday life, but for a correct understanding, decoding of fiberboard is necessary. This name is an abbreviation for the phrase "fibreboard".
This term means large group products based on wood raw materials, crushed to fibers, which are often presented as independent options. Their size can be different, which affects the parameters of the sheet - strength and density.
Fibreboards (MDF) differ from chipboards (chipboards) and oriented strands (OSBs) by the fraction of the material Types and grades of material
Wood products are usually sorted according to the method of production and type of processing.
Classification by manufacturing method
There are two main technologies that allow you to obtain products with the desired performance.
Wet
With this method, two varieties are obtained:
- Solid. Such material has a more common name - hardboard. The letter T is used for marking. Popular products:
- with a front layer of wood finely dispersed mass - Т-С;
- tinted - T-P;
- combining the two previous options - T-SP;
- T-S moisture resistant - T-SV;
- superhard - ST.
- Soft. Such details have less strength, so they tend to be thicker. They are also divided by density into M1, M2 and M3. How more figure, the higher the score.
Materials made in this way are the most common. This is due to their availability and good properties.
It is impossible to speak with confidence about the advantage of wet or dry production methods, because the purpose and characteristics of the plates are very different. Dry
This method differs significantly from the previous one. There are three categories of products by density:
- low - LDF;
- medium - MDF;
- high - HDF.
All abbreviations stand for "fibreboard" with a distinctive parameter.
On a note! These materials are not included in normative documents, moreover, some of them refer to foreign standards.
Of the entire line of fiberboards, hardboard and MDF are considered the most famous, they are used both in interior decoration and in the manufacture of furniture.
decorative type
Fiberboard is also subdivided according to the type of coating:
There are also materials with low and high moisture resistance. Additional protection from the impact of water depends on the additives used in the production, the most common is paraffin.
Perforated sheets are mainly used as decorative mesh on furniture and different kind boxes, while the top layer can be laminated, laminated or painted Characteristics of fibreboard
The main parameters of fiberboard depend on the manufacturing technology and variety, so the values \u200b\u200bmay vary significantly. Standard indicators:
- Thermal conductivity. From 0.046 to 0.093.
- Density. For soft products - from 200 to 400 kg / m 3, for hard and superhard - from 600 to 1100 kg / m 3.
- Humidity. From 4 to 10%.
- Dimensions. They can be different, the most common options are: 2140 * 1220, 2440 * 1220 and 2745 * 1700 mm, thickness - from 2 to 40 mm.
- Weight. Depends on the dimensions, the minimum is 4.5 kg, the maximum is more than 100 kg for parts of the largest format.
The characteristics of wood fiber products largely depend on the level of density Product advantages:
- Long service life. If the scope is defined correctly, then the operational period is at least 20 years. But this is only possible when finishing rooms that are not subject to constant impact.
- Additional heat and noise insulation. Sound absorption parameters depend on the density and thickness of the parts. The soft variety is well suited for studio sheathing. The reduction in heat loss also depends on the dimensions of the slab and the presence of a layer mineral wool or other material.
- Moisture resistance. Only dense panels with additional protective treatment have this property.
- Decorative. A wide variety of coatings provides the possibility of creating individual solutions in the interior.
Minuses:
- Low strength. This applies to products with low density or soft options. Although the structure is quite stable, point impacts can damage the coating.
- Deformation. Prolonged exposure to moisture leads to swelling and delamination. Improper storage also has a detrimental effect: the panel bends, which creates internal stress during installation.
Therefore, when choosing a material, it is necessary to determine in advance desired properties for a specific situation.
MDF boards without decor are used for preliminary rough sheathing, and fine cladding is performed with decorative coated sheets. Production technology
It is possible to manufacture fibreboard using different technologies, some stages of the process may vary. On the this moment the most common option in Russia is the "wet" method. The "dry" method is being introduced rather slowly, most of the products manufactured in this way come from abroad.
For production, wood raw materials are used from the remnants of the manufacture of sawn timber and second-rate coniferous or hardwood. This may be a crushed fraction of sawdust and wood chips, going for processing.
The technology for the production of fiberboards is relatively simple, but it is unrealistic to organize it in artisanal conditions.
The technology looks like this:
- The mass is subjected to repeated cleaning to remove dirt and impurities.
- The processed raw material goes through a pre-drying stage.
- The mixture is sent to multi-level grinding. The procedure allows you to get fibers right size for a specific type of plate. Often at this stage, two compositions with different fractions are prepared, mixing them allows you to increase the reliability of the material.
- The concentrate is treated with binding resins and necessary components.
The description of the following stages is different: with the “wet” method, the mass is placed in pools, from where, after holding, it enters under a hot press, with the “dry” method, the resulting composition is also sent under the press, where a plate is formed under the influence of temperature and high pressure.
Application
In view of the fact that fiberboard sheet material, the scope of its use is quite extensive:
- Furniture manufacturing. Products are suitable for creating frame and facade elements. The bottom of drawers and the back walls of cabinets and chests of drawers are made from thin varieties. Colored parts with decorative cladding inserted into frame facades or cover open areas between fragments of slides and walls. It is also a great base for a mirror.
- Construction. Although the material is not suitable for outdoor use, it is laid in attics as additional element floors, increasing the level of thermal insulation. When erecting interior partitions the frame is sheathed with plates.
- Finishing activities. Fiberboard is suitable for many interior applications. The main purpose is wall and floor cladding, ceiling filing in a single plane. The product can also be used for cleaning work.
- Door manufacturing. The cellular base is lined on both sides. The resulting canvas weighs a little, but is not reliable. Also, the elements are used as inserts in the production of iron doors.
Lightweight and comfortable material now used not only in the manufacture of furniture, but also in almost all types of finishes Sphere fiberboard applications much more extensive: plates are used to make packaging, spacers, sheathe equipment.
Harm to health
The environmental friendliness of wood-fiber materials always causes a lot of controversy. The fact is that during production (especially by the “wet” method), formaldehyde resin is added to the material. But since a very fine fraction is used and the compaction is quite dense, a small amount of binder is required. In addition, selection is possible only on open areas, which are practically absent in any work.
In products made by the "dry" method, a harmful component may be absent.
To minimize the risk, it is necessary to choose materials with safety certificates.