In order to save natural and energy resources, mankind has developed comprehensive measures to insulate buildings and bring the level of thermal insulation to a value close to absolute. This material will reveal the essence of the passive house as a modern and economical type of housing.
Passivity and energy efficiency concepts
Our review will bypass the generally accepted list of benefits and technical indicators. For example, a building is considered to be energy efficient if its heat loss does not exceed 10 kWh per square meter during the year, but what should the reader be told about? If we recalculate, then for a year from a small (up to 150 m 2) house it takes about 1.5-2 MW of energy, which is comparable to the energy consumption of an ordinary cottage in one winter month. The same amount is consumed by 2-3 100 W incandescent lamps, turned on continuously for one year, which is equivalent to 200 m 3 of natural gas.
Such low energy consumption allows, in principle, to abandon the heating system in the house, using the heat generated by humans, animals and household appliances for heating. If a house does not require a targeted expenditure of energy for the operation of heating installations (or requires, but an insignificant minimum), such a house is called passive. In the same way, a house with very high heat losses can be called passive, the need for which is met by its own power plant operating on renewable energy sources.
So an energy efficient home does not necessarily claim to be passive, and the opposite is also true. The house, which not only covers its own energy needs, but also transfers some type of energy to the public network, is called active.
What is the main idea of a passive house
It is customary to combine all three of the above concepts: a passive house has the most extended set of measures to ensure energy autonomy. In the end, no one is interested in testing their home for years, seeking the standard for heat loss to receive an honorary title. It is important that the inside is dry, warm and comfortable.
There is an opinion that today any new building should be built using passive house technology, since there are technical solutions even for multi-storey buildings. This makes sense: the cost of maintaining a house during the period between repairs is usually even higher than the cost of building.
A passive house with larger initial investments practically does not require costs for the entire service life, which, moreover, exceeds the service life of conventional buildings due to the absolute protection of load-bearing and enclosing structures in combination with the most modern and technological solutions for construction and repair.
The main technical feature of a passive house is a continuous loop of thermal insulation, from the foundation to the roof. Such a "thermos" retains heat well, but not all materials are suitable for its construction.
Materials for thermal insulation
Expanded polystyrene in such volumes is not applicable, it is flammable and toxic. In a number of projects, this is solved by a fire-retardant layer at the bearing pillar and under the facade finish, which leads to an unjustified rise in price. The use of glass and mineral wool also does not solve the problem. In it, as well as in expanded polystyrene, pests (insects and rodents) actively settle down, and the service life of cotton wool is 2-3 less than that of the passive house itself.
The material suitable for passive house purposes is foam glass. A brief summary of characteristics: the lowest thermal conductivity of known materials of widespread consumption, complete environmental friendliness due to the inertness of glass, simple processing and good adhesion. Of the minuses - the high price and complexity of production, but the material is definitely worth the money.
A less expensive but suitable material for passive house insulation is polyurethane foam. Technically, such houses cannot be called passive, their heat loss is 30-50 kWh per square meter per year, but these indicators are quite acceptable. Polyurethane can be installed as sheet material or applied by gunning plastering.
Roof and warm attic
Another key difference between passive houses is the presence of an unheated attic or warm attic and high-quality roof insulation without cold bridges. With this approach, two temperature boundaries stand out: on the ceiling of the upper floor and in the roof itself. Due to the separation of thermal protection, the formation of condensation in the roof insulation is guaranteed to be eliminated and heat losses are significantly reduced.
The overlap of the upper floor is usually made frame on wooden beams, the voids are filled with a layer of medium density mineral wool 20-25 cm thick. It is better to insulate the overlap with sheet materials with a cross-mesh frame and precise adjustment of the insulation plates. All seams and joints are filled with special glue or polyurethane foam. Particular attention is paid to the device of a protective belt in the place of support of the rafter system on the walls.
A warm attic is arranged according to the principle of ventilation system recuperation. The exhaust ventilation ducts lead directly into the sealed attic space, from where they are removed through a single forced outflow hole. Often this channel is equipped with a recuperation unit that transfers part of the heat from the extract air to the supply air.
Windows, doors and other leaks
With windows for passive houses, everything is simple: they must be of high quality and must be certified for use in the energy saving industry. Signs of a suitable product are double-glazed windows with two or more gas-filled chambers, low-emission glasses of different thicknesses and double-glazed glass unit adjoining to the profile, sealed with a rubber tape. For doors, honeycomb filling and the presence of a double rebate along the entire perimeter are important. It is equally important to follow the rules of installation and protection of the junction points.
The passive house has its own characteristics of the foundation. To protect the concrete structure, it is hydrophobized by injection and additionally protected with an outer layer of coating waterproofing. The insulation is lowered to the entire depth of the foundation, thus the basement becomes the second buffer zone after the warm attic.
Power supply for a passive house
Gas is usually not supplied to a passive house; for household purposes and heating, a single-phase electrical network is completely sufficient. With electric heaters, everything is simple: how many kilowatts are invested in a house, so much remains in it, the efficiency is almost 99%, unlike gas boilers.
But the electrical network as the only source of energy supply has a lot of drawbacks, mostly in connection unreliability. Often, houses are supplied with a rather complex electrical network, including an emergency generator with auto start, or they use a battery park or solar panels for backup feeding.
Heating of domestic water is usually carried out by solar collectors, mainly vacuum ones. In general, autonomous energy sources are quite diverse; among the varieties, you can choose the optimal solution for objects with different conditions.
We study the problem on real experience, with the calculations of specialists and members of the forum
Due to the steady rise in energy prices and the high cost of connecting gas, an increasing number of developers are thinking about building an energy-efficient house.
We have already told the readers of our site about what technologies are used in its construction.
And users of FORUMHOUSE will help us with this.
From our material you will learn:
- Which house is energy efficient and which is not.
- Is it possible to heat an energy efficient house with electricity only?
- How to calculate the required insulation thickness.
- Will building an energy efficient home pay off?
What is energy efficiency
Energy-efficient houses have been built in European countries for a long time, but for our country such a home is still exotic.
Many developers are distrustful of the construction of such buildings, considering it an unjustified waste of funds.
We are investigating whether this is so and whether it is profitable to build an energy efficient house in relation to the climatic conditions of most zones of Russia, including Moscow.
An energy efficient (energy passive) house is a structure in which the costs associated with energy consumption are, on average, 30% less than in a conventional house. Energy efficiency in recent times could be determined by the coefficient of seasonal use of thermal energy - E.
- E<= 110 кВт*ч /м2/год – это обычный дом;
- E<= 70 кВт*ч /м2/год – энергоэффективный;
- E<= 15 кВт*ч /м2/год – пассивный.
When calculating the coefficient E, the following is taken into account: the ratio of the area of all external surfaces to the entire cubic capacity of the house, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer in the walls, roof and ceilings, the glazing area and the number of people living in the building.
In Europe, to determine the energy efficiency class, it is customary to use the EP coefficient, which determines the amount of electricity spent on heating, hot water supply, light, ventilation and the operation of household electrical appliances.
The starting point is EP = 1 and energy class D, i.e. standard. The modern classification of houses, adopted in European countries, looks like this:
- EP<= 0,25 – класс А, пассивный дом;
- 0.26 < ЕР <= 0,50 – класс В, экономичный;
- 0,51 < ЕР <= 0,75 – класс С, энергосберегающий дом;
- 0,75 < ЕР <= 1 – класс D, стандартный;
- 1,01< ЕР <= 1.25 – класс Е;
- 1,26 < EP <= 1,50 – класс F;
- EP> 1.51 - class G, the most energy-consuming.
In ordinary, insufficiently insulated housing with large heat losses through the enclosing structures, most of the energy (up to 70%) is spent on heating.
We can say that the owners of such a dwelling heat the street.
Therefore, in European countries, it is no longer surprising to surprise anyone with the thickness of the insulation in the walls of 300-400 mm, and the contour of the building itself is made airtight.
The required level of air exchange in the house is maintained with the help of the ventilation system, and not the mythical "breathing" of the walls.
But before buying cubic meters of insulation, you need to understand when additional insulation and the whole range of measures associated with the construction of an energy-efficient house are economically justified.
Energy efficiency in numbers
In our country, the heating period lasts on average 7-8 months, and the climate is more severe than in Europe. Because of this, a lot of disputes arise about whether it is profitable to build with us energy saving houses. One of the most frequent claims of opponents of energy efficient construction is the argument that in our country the construction of such a building is very expensive, and the costs of its construction will never pay off.
But here is the comment of a member of our portal.
STASNN
In 2012, in the Nizhny Novgorod region, I built an energy efficient house of 165 sq. m of heated area with specific energy consumption for heating 33 kW * hours per sq. m per year. At an average monthly air temperature in winter of -17 ° C, the cost of heating with electricity amounted to 62.58 kWh per day.
You should focus on the technical characteristics of this house:
- insulation thickness in the floor - 420 mm;
- insulation thickness in the walls - 365 mm;
- insulation thickness in the roof - 500 mm.
The cottage was built using frame technology. The heating system of the house is electric low-temperature convectors with a total power of 3.5 kW. The house also has a supply and exhaust ventilation system with a recuperator and a ground heat exchanger for heating outdoor air. For hot water supply, vacuum solar collectors are additionally installed.
Total bill: 3.2 thousand rubles per month are spent on heating. at a round-the-clock rate of 1.7 rubles / kW * h.
Also interesting is the experience of the forum member Alexander Fedortsov (nickname on the forum Skeptic), who independently built a frame house of 186 sq. m on a foundation "insulated Swedish plate", with a homemade heat accumulator of 1.7 m3 and with electric heating elements embedded in it.
Skeptic
The house is heated with electricity through a water underfloor heating system. The night tariff is used for heating - 0.97 rubles / kW. At night, the coolant in the heat accumulator heats up to the desired temperature, turns off in the morning. The cubic capacity of the house is 560m3.
Bottom line: In winter, in December, heating cost 1.5 thousand rubles. In January, a little less - 2 thousand rubles.
As the experience of our website users shows, anyone can build an energy efficient home. Moreover, it is not at all required to equip it with expensive engineering systems like air recuperators, heat pumps, solar collectors or solar panels. In the opinion of a forum member with a nickname Toiss , the main thing is a warm closed circuit, which is three times superior to modern SNiPs, the absence of cold bridges, warm windows, a well-insulated roof, foundation and walls.
Toiss
Rather than paying 0.5–1 million rubles for connecting gas (the price of which is constantly growing), it is better to build an energy efficient house with an area of up to 200 sq. M. Subject to construction technology and a competent approach, its construction is economically justified with any architectural and design solutions.
Energy efficiency - basic principles
How and how to insulate a house is one of the main issues that arise during construction.
And you need to think about this even at the design stage. According to Pavel Orlov (nickname on the forum Smart2305), before the economic calculation of the justified thickness of the insulation, it is necessary to decide on the following initial data, namely:
- The area of the planned house;
- Area and type of windows;
- Facade area;
- The area of the basement and surfaces of the basement;
- The height of the ceilings, or the internal volume of the house;
- Ventilation type (natural, forced).
Smart2305
We will take as a basis a house with an area of 170 sq. M, with a ceiling height of 3 m, and a glazing area of 30 sq. M. m and an area of enclosing structures of 400 sq.m.
The main heat loss in the house occurs through:
- Window;
- Enclosing structures (roof, walls, foundation);
- Ventilation;
When creating a project of an economically balanced house, it is necessary to strive to ensure that heat losses in all three categories are approximately the same, i.e. 33.3% each. In this case, a balance is achieved between additional insulation and the economic benefit from such insulation.
The maximum heat loss occurs through the windows. Therefore, when building an energy efficient home, it is important to "tie" it to the correct place on the site (large windows face the south side) for the maximum degree of solar insolation. This will reduce heat loss with a large glazing area.
Smart2305
The most difficult thing is to reduce heat loss through the windows. The difference between various modern glass units is rather insignificant and ranges from 70 to 100 W / sq.m.
If the area of the windows is 30 sq. m, and the level of heat loss is 100 W / sq. m, then the heat losses through the windows will be 3000 W.
Because it is most difficult to reduce heat loss through windows, then when designing thermal insulation for building envelopes and ventilation systems, for balance, you need to strive for the same values - 3000 watts.
Hence, the total heat loss of the house will be 3000x3 = 9000 W.
If you try to reduce only the heat loss of the enclosing structures, without reducing the heat loss of windows, then this will lead to an unreasonable overspending of funds for insulation.
Heat losses through enclosing structures are equal to the sum of losses through the foundation, walls, roof.
Smart2305
It is necessary to strive to equalize the heat losses through the windows with the heat losses through the enclosing structures.
It is also necessary to reduce the heat loss associated with the ventilation of the premises. According to modern standards, it is necessary that the entire volume of air in a dwelling is changed once an hour. House with an area of 170 sq. m with a ceiling height of 3 m, 500 m3 / hour of fresh outdoor air is required.
The volume is calculated by multiplying the area of the premises by the height of the ceilings.
If you ensure the flow of only cold air from the street into the house, then the heat losses will be 16.7x500 = 8350 W. This does not fit into the balance of an energy efficient house, we cannot say that such a house is energy efficient.
There are two options left:
- Reduce air exchange, but this does not meet modern standards for the required air exchange;
- Reduce heat losses when supplying cold air to the house.
For heating the cold outside air entering the house, the installation of forced, supply and exhaust ventilation systems with a recuperator is used. With this device, the heat of the air leaving the street is transferred to the incoming stream. This increases the ventilation efficiency.
The efficiency of recuperators is 70-80%. Read our article on how to independently build an inexpensive and
Smart2305
By installing a forced supply and exhaust ventilation system with a recuperator in the house (from the example above), it will be possible to reduce heat loss to 2500 W. Without a forced supply and exhaust ventilation system with a recuperator, it is impossible to achieve a balance of heat losses in the house.
Economic feasibility of additional insulation
The main indicator of the economic efficiency of additional house insulation is the payback period of the insulation system.
Interesting user experience with nickname Andrey A.A , comparing the cost of heating in the mode of permanent residence of an insulated and non-insulated house. For the purity of the experiment, we take the following data as the initial conditions:
- heating with main gas;
- heat loss through enclosing structures - 300 kW / h / (sq.m. * year);
- the house has a lifespan of 33 years.
Andrey A.A.
To begin with, I calculated the annual heating costs in the permanent residence mode without additional insulation. After my calculations, the cost of heating an uninsulated house of 120 square meters, with its heat loss of 300 kW / h / (square meter * year), amounted to 32 thousand rubles. per year (provided that the price for 1 m3 of gas until 2030 is 7.5 rubles).
Now let's calculate how much money can be saved if the house is properly insulated.
Andrey A.A.
According to my calculations, additional insulation will reduce the heat loss of my home by about 1.6 times. Hence, with heating costs equal to 1.1 million rubles over 33 years (32 thousand rubles per year x 33 years), after warming, you can save 1.1-1.1 / 1.6 = 400 thousand on the cost of energy ... rub.
To get a 100% economic effect from additional insulation, it is necessary that the amount spent on additional insulation does not exceed half of the amount saved on energy costs.
Those. for this example, the cost of insulation should not exceed 200 thousand rubles.
After a year of operation, it turned out that after additional insulation, heat loss decreased not by 1.6, but by 2 times, and all the work done (since the insulation was carried out on its own, and the money was spent only on the purchase of insulation) paid off many times over.
Also interesting is the approach to calculating the profitability from additional insulation of a forum member with a nickname mfcn:
- Consider the following hypothetical conditions:
- in the house + 20 ° C, outside -5 ° C;
- heating period - 180 days;
- house - with a single-layer frame, worth 8,000 rubles / m3, insulated with mineral wool at 1,500 rubles / m3;
- installation cost - 1000 rubles / m3 of insulation;
- frame pitch - 600 mm, thickness - 50 mm.
Based on these data, a cubic meter of insulation costs 3000 rubles.
In the modern world, when a person is accustomed to being surrounded by various household appliances that facilitate his living conditions, the question arises of how to reduce the energy consumption of these appliances, optimize their work and increase their utilization rate.
One of these methods is the construction of energy efficient houses.
What is an Energy Saving Home?
Energy saving home- this is a building in which an optimal microclimate is maintained, while the consumption of various types of energy from third-party sources is at a low level of consumption in comparison with conventional buildings.
An energy-saving house has good thermal insulation, and not only receives heat energy from third-party sources, but also serves as a source of heat itself. Energy from third-party sources goes to heating, hot water supply and electricity supply to household appliances.
An energy-efficient home is:
- The building, which, thanks to its design, can significantly reduce the need for thermal energy.
- A house that is comfortable to live in thanks to the microclimate created in it.
In order to create an energy-saving house, it is necessary to develop a project in which the following directions will be provided:
The technical systems of the building should be focused on energy saving, so for the system:
- Ventilation - it is necessary to provide for heat recovery when warm air in the exhaust ventilation system heats the outside air of the supply ventilation.
- Heating - the use of heat pumps of different types.
- Hot water supply - installation of solar collectors.
- Power supply - the use of solar power plants or wind generators.
The design of an energy-efficient home may look like this (excluding the power supply system): 
Heaters for home
The heating system of an energy-efficient home can be built using solar panels. In this case, electric heaters of the required power are installed in the premises. With this version of the heating system, the solar power plant must be of significant capacity, because in addition to the heating system, in every house there are other high-power consumers of electricity (iron, kettle, microwave oven and other devices). In this regard, the most widely used option is the use of a heat pump.
A heat pump is a technical device used to transfer heat energy.
Heat pumps differ in their principle of operation, external energy source, type of heat exchanger, operating mode, performance and a number of other parameters. The diagram below shows a ground-to-water heat pump.
The scheme of the heat pump "ground-water": 
In devices of this type, the energy of the earth is used as an external source of thermal energy. For this, a special brine (antifreeze) is pumped into the closed external circuit of the heat pump, which is laid below the freezing level of the earth, which, through the installed pump, circulates in this circuit. The external circuit is connected to the condenser of the heat pump, where, in the process of circulation, the brine gives off the accumulated heat of the earth to the refrigerant. The refrigerant, in turn, circulates in the internal circuit of the heat pump, and entering the condenser of the device transfers the received heat to the energy carrier circulating in the internal circuit of the heating system of the house.
Electric boilers
As in the case of a heating system, so in a hot water system, you can use electrical energy obtained from solar power plants or wind generators. For this, you can use electric energy-saving boilers.
The advantages of using electric boilers for heating and hot water supply systems are:
- Ease of installation and maintenance;
- Environmental safety and efficiency of devices;
- Long service life.
The disadvantages include - dependence on uninterrupted power supply and additional load on the electrical network.
Energy-saving electric boilers are:
- electrode;
- ionic;
- ion exchange.
The difference in these types of boilers in the process of converting electrical energy into heat. In addition to differences in design (type), boilers differ in: the number of working circuits, installation method, power, overall dimensions and other technical indicators determined by the manufacturers.
Energy saving, when using this equipment, is achieved due to:
- Reducing the inertia of heating devices;
- The use of special physical transformations of electrical energy into heat;
- Ensuring a smooth start when starting the work process;
- The use of automation systems when controlling the temperature of the coolant and air;
- The use of modern materials and technologies in the manufacture.
Which lamps are best for home
Currently, on the market for light sources, which are lamps, there is a fairly wide range of devices that have a sufficient luminous flux and less power than traditional incandescent lamps. Energy saving lamps and LED lamps are such light sources.
The type of lamps, to which the fluorescent ones belong, are gas-discharge lamps and their principle of operation is based on the glow that occurs under the influence of an electric discharge by metal or gas vapors that fill the lamp of the device.
Such lamps differ in internal pressure, glow color and other technical characteristics. So fluorescent lamps are devices with low pressure, and sodium, mercury and metallogenic lamps are with high pressure inside the bulb.
Another type of energy saving lamp is halogen lamps. By their design, they are similar to incandescent lamps, with the only difference that the presence of halogens in the bulb of the light source increases the luminous flux, compared to an incandescent lamp with a similar power. Also due to halogens, the service life of this type of lamp is increased.
For power supply at home, energy-saving lamps are used, which have a standard base, like incandescent lamps, and the bulb resembles a tubular spiral in shape. The inside of the tube is covered with a phosphor and filled with gas, at the ends there are two electrodes, which are heated up when the lamp is put into operation. Inside the base there is a control circuit and elements of its power supply (the device diagram is shown below). 
The advantages of using energy-saving lamps include:
- Less power consumption than incandescent lamps at the same luminous flux.
- Long service life compared to incandescent lamps.
Various colors of light output:
- warm white (color temperature - 2700 K);
- white (3300-3500 K);
- cold white (4000-4200 K);
- day.
The disadvantages of energy saving lamps are:
- Lamps of this type do not like frequent switching.
- When switched on, the lamps do not immediately give full brightness of the glow, but for some time they shine dimmer.
- Energy efficient light bulbs require ventilation.
- At negative temperatures, they ignite poorly.
- After completion of operation, in case of failure, disposal is required.
- During operation, the lamps may pulsate.
- During operation, as the phosphor wears out, infrared and ultraviolet radiation appears.
- It is impossible to regulate the brightness of the glow by regulating devices (dimmers).
LED lamps are light sources that also have low power, with a significant luminous flux and, in essence, are energy-saving devices.
By its design, the LED lamp is an electronic, semiconductor device, the principle of operation is based on the conversion of electric current into light. The structure of the LED lamp is shown below. 
Advantages of using LED lamps:
- Longer lifespan than energy saving lamps.
- They are more economical, 2 - 3 times more than energy saving.
- Environmentally friendly.
- They are not afraid of shocks and vibrations.
- They have small geometrical dimensions (dimensions).
- When turned on, they start working instantly, they are not afraid of commutations.
- Wide range of luminescence.
- Have the ability to work with dimmers.
The disadvantages of using are:
- High price.
- The pulsation of the luminous flux is possible during the operation of the devices.
To the question "What are the best LED lamps or energy-saving lamps for the home?" the selected lamp type.
Price
The cost of energy-saving lamps, including LED lamps, depends on their technical characteristics (power, color, etc.), the device manufacturer's firm, and the retail network from which the devices are purchased.
At the moment, the cost of energy-saving lamps produced by various companies and, depending on the power, in retail chains is:
- Manufactured by Supra - from 120.00 to 350.00 rubles;
- Produced by Philips - 250.00 to 500.00 rubles;
- Produced by Hyundai - from 150.00 to 450.00 rubles;
- Produced by the company "Start" - from 200.00 to 350.00 rubles;
- Era production - from 70.0 to 250.00 rubles.
LED bulbs produced by various companies, depending on the technical characteristics, are sold in retail chains at the following cost:
- Produced by Philips - from 300.00 to 3000.00 rubles;
- Manufactured by the company "Gauss" - from 300.00 to 2500.00 rubles;
- Produced by Osram - 250.00 to 1500.00 rubles;
- Manufactured by Camelion - from 250.00 to 1200.00 rubles;
- Produced by the company "Nichia" - 200.00 to 1500.00 rubles;
- Produced by Era - from 200.00 to 2000.00 rubles.
Products of other companies, both domestic and foreign, are presented on the market of light sources, but the order of prices for these products lies in the indicated ranges.
How to Build an Energy Saving Home
In order to build an energy-saving house, it is necessary to develop a project that must take into account some points and subtleties, without which it is impossible to achieve the desired result.
These are the requirements:
- The location of the house.
It should be located on a flat, sunlit place, without the presence of pits, ditches and ravines near. The layout of the house should provide for large panoramic windows on the south side, and there may not be any windows on the north. - House construction.
The design of the house must be ergonomic. - Foundation.
The type of foundation and the materials used must ensure minimum heat losses. - Wall insulation.
As a heater for walls, high-quality materials should be used that can provide a minimum thermal conductivity of the outer walls. - Triple glazed windows.
- Using the version with a gable roof and using materials that retain heat.
Use of energy efficient heating and hot water supply systems. - The use of alternative energy sources when creating a power supply system at home.
- The device of a forced ventilation system with a recuperation system.
- When arranging entrance doors, use a "double door" system.
Advantages and disadvantages
The positive aspects explaining the interest of developers in the construction of energy-efficient houses include:
- A properly built house creates a favorable indoor microclimate that ensures comfortable living for people.
- The maximum reduction in heat losses and the use of alternative energy sources can significantly reduce utility costs.
- Such a house is an environmentally friendly building, which increases its market value and does not have a negative impact on the environment.
The disadvantages include:
- The complexity of the development of project documentation and the fulfillment of quality requirements for work at different stages of construction.
- High construction costs.
An energy efficient home is not an idealized representation of the home of the future, but today's reality, which is gaining more and more popularity. An energy-saving, energy-efficient, passive house or eco-house is called today a dwelling that requires a minimum of costs to maintain comfortable living conditions in it. This is achieved through appropriate solutions in the field, and construction. What technologies are currently available for energy-efficient homes, and how much resources can they save?
# 1. Designing an energy efficient home
A dwelling will be as economical as possible if it was designed taking into account all energy-saving technologies. It will be more difficult to remodel an already built house., more expensive, and the expected results will be difficult to achieve. The project is developed by experienced specialists, taking into account the customer's requirements, but at the same time it must be remembered that the set of solutions used must, first of all, be economically profitable. An important point - taking into account the climatic features of the region.
As a rule, houses in which they live permanently are made energy-saving, therefore the task of saving heat, maximizing the use of natural light, etc., comes first. The project should take into account individual requirements, but it is better if the passive house is as compact as possible, i.e. cheaper to maintain.
The same requirements can be met by different options... The joint decision-making of the best architects, designers and engineers made it possible to create universal energy saving frame house(read more -). The unique design combines all the cost-effective offers:
- thanks to the technology of SIP-panels, the structure is highly durable;
- a decent level of thermal and noise insulation, as well as the absence of cold bridges;
- the structure does not require the usual expensive heating system;
- using frame panels, the house is built very quickly and is characterized by a long service life;
- the premises are compact, comfortable and convenient during their subsequent operation.
Alternatively, it can be used for the construction of load-bearing walls, insulating the structure from all sides and resulting in a large "thermos". Used frequently wood as the most environmentally friendly material.
# 2. Architectural solutions for an energy efficient home
To save resources, you need to pay attention to the layout and appearance of your home. The dwelling will be as energy-efficient as possible if the following nuances are taken into account:
- correct location... The house can be located in the meridional or latitudinal direction and receive different solar radiation. It is better to build the northern house meridionally. to reduce the flow of sunlight by 30%. South houses, on the other hand, are best erected in a latitudinal direction in order to reduce the cost of air conditioning;
- compactness, which in this case means the ratio of the internal and external area of the house. It should be minimal, and this is achieved due to rejection of protruding rooms and architectural decorations type of bay windows. It turns out that the most economical house is a parallelepiped;
- thermal buffers that separate living quarters from contact with the environment. Garages, loggias, basements and non-residential attics will be an excellent barrier to cold air from outside entering the rooms;
- correct natural light... Thanks to simple architectural techniques, you can illuminate the house with the help of sunlight during 80% of the entire working time. Premises, where the family spends the most time(living room, dining room, nursery) it is better to arrange on the south side, for the pantry, bathrooms, garage and other auxiliary rooms, there is enough diffused light, so they can have windows to the north side. Windows to the east in the bedroom in the morning they will provide you with a charge of energy, and in the evening the rays will not interfere with your rest. In the summer, in such a bedroom it will be possible to do without artificial light altogether. As for window size, then the answer to the question depends on the priorities of each: to save on lighting or heating. Great welcome - installation solar tube... It has a diameter of 25-35 cm and a completely mirrored inner surface: by receiving the sun's rays on the roof of the house, it retains its intensity at the entrance to the room, where it is scattered through the diffuser. The light is so bright that after installation, users often reach for the switch when leaving the room;
- roof... Many architects recommend making roofs as simple as possible for an energy efficient home. Often they stop at the gable version, and the more shallow it is, the more economical the house will be. Snow will linger on the sloping roof, and this is additional insulation in winter.
No. 3. Thermal insulation for an energy-efficient home
Even a house built with all the architectural tricks in mind requires proper insulation in order to be completely sealed and not release heat into the environment.
Thermal insulation of walls
About 40% of the heat leaves the house through the walls, therefore, special attention is paid to their insulation. The most common and easiest way to insulate is to organize a multilayer system. are sheathed insulation, which is often played by mineral wool or expanded polystyrene, a reinforcing mesh is mounted on top, and then - the base and main layer of plaster.
More expensive and more advanced technology - ventilated facade... The walls of the house are sheathed with mineral wool slabs, and facing panels made of stone, metal or other materials are mounted on a special frame. A small gap remains between the insulation layer and the frame, which plays the role of a "thermal cushion", does not allow the insulation to get wet and maintains optimal conditions in the home.
In addition, in order to reduce heat loss through the walls, insulating compounds are used at the joints of the roof, future shrinkage and changes in the properties of some materials with increasing temperature are taken into account.
How a ventilated facade works
Roof insulation
About 20% of the heat escapes through the roof. For roof insulation, the same materials are used as for walls. Widespread today mineral wool and expanded polystyrene... Architects advise to make roofing insulation no thinner than 200 mm, regardless of the type of material. It is important to calculate the load on the supporting structures and the roof so that the integrity of the structure is not compromised.
Thermal insulation of window openings
Windows account for 20% of the heat loss at home. While they are better than old wooden windows in protecting the house from drafts and insulating the room from external influences, they are not ideal.
More advanced options for an energy efficient home are:
Thermal insulation of the floor and foundation
10% of the heat is lost through the foundation and the floor of the first floor. The floor is insulated with the same materials as the walls, but other options can be used: bulk thermal insulation mixtures, aerated concrete and aerated concrete, granuloconcrete with a record thermal conductivity of 0.1 W / (m ° C). It is possible to insulate not the floor, but the basement ceiling, if such is provided for by the project.
It is better to insulate the foundation from the outside, which will help protect it not only from freezing, but also from other negative factors, incl. the influence of groundwater, temperature changes, etc. In order to insulate the foundation, use sprayed polyurethane, and foam.
No. 4. Heat recovery
Heat leaves the house not only through the walls and roof, but also through. To reduce heating costs, supply and exhaust ventilation with recuperation is used.
Recuperator called a heat exchanger that is built into the ventilation system. The principle of its operation is as follows. The heated air leaves the room through the ventilation ducts, gives off its heat to the recuperator, in contact with it. Cold fresh air from the street, passing through the recuperator, heats up and enters the house at room temperature. As a result, households receive clean fresh air, but do not lose heat.
A similar ventilation system can be used in conjunction with a natural one: air will enter the room forcibly, and leave due to natural draft. There is one more trick. The air intake cabinet can be removed from the house by 10 meters, and the duct is laid underground at a freezing depth... In this case, even before the recuperator, the air will be cooled in summer and heated in winter due to the soil temperature.
No. 5. Smart House
To make life more comfortable while saving resources, you can and technology, thanks to which it is already possible today:
No. 6. Heating and hot water supply
Solar systems
The most economical and environmentally friendly way to heat a room and heat water Is to use the energy of the sun. Perhaps this is due to the solar collectors installed on the roof of the house. Such devices are easily connected to the heating and hot water supply system of the house, and the principle of their work is as follows... The system consists of the collector itself, a heat exchange circuit, a storage tank and a control station. A coolant (liquid) circulates in the collector, which is heated by the energy of the sun and through a heat exchanger gives off heat to the water in the storage tank. The latter, due to its good thermal insulation, is capable of storing hot water for a long time. In this system, a backup heater can be installed, which heats the water to the required temperature in case of cloudy weather or insufficient duration of sunshine.
Collectors can be flat and vacuum... Flat ones are a box covered with glass, inside it there is a layer with tubes through which the coolant circulates. Such collectors are more durable, but today they are being replaced by vacuum ones. The latter consist of a multitude of tubes, inside of which there is also a tube or several with a coolant. There is a vacuum between the outer and inner tubes, which serves as a heat insulator. Vacuum collectors are more efficient, even in winter and in cloudy weather, they are maintainable. The service life of the collectors is about 30 years or more.
Heat pumps
Heat pumps use low-grade heat of the environment for heating the house, incl. air, subsoil and even secondary heat, for example, from a central heating pipeline. Such devices consist of an evaporator, a condenser, an expansion valve and a compressor. All of them are connected by a closed pipeline and operate on the basis of the Karnot principle. Simply put, a heat pump is similar in operation to a refrigerator, only it functions the other way around. If in the 80s of the last century heat pumps were a rarity and even a luxury, then today in Sweden, for example, 70% of houses are heated in this way.
Condensing boilers
Biogas as fuel
If a lot of organic agricultural waste accumulates, then you can build biogas bioreactor... In it, biomass is processed by anaerobic bacteria, resulting in biogas, which consists of 60% methane, 35% carbon dioxide and 5% other impurities. After the cleaning process, it can be used for heating and hot water supply at home. Recycled waste is converted into an excellent fertilizer that can be used in the fields.
No. 7. Sources of electricity
An energy efficient home should, and preferably, obtain it from renewable sources. To date, a lot of technologies have been implemented for this.
Wind generator
Wind energy can be converted into electricity not only by large wind turbines, but also by compact "home" wind turbines... In a windy area, such installations are capable of fully providing electricity to a small house; in regions with low wind speeds, it is better to use them together with solar panels.
The force of the wind drives the blades of the wind turbine, which make the rotor of the generator of electricity spin. The generator generates an unstable alternating current, which is rectified in the controller. There, the batteries are charged, which, in turn, are connected to inverters, where the DC voltage is converted into an alternating voltage used by the consumer.
Windmills can be with horizontal and vertical axis of rotation. At a one-time cost, they solve the problem of energy independence for a long time.
Solar battery
The use of sunlight to generate electricity is not so common, but the situation is at risk of changing dramatically in the near future. The principle of the solar battery very simple: a p-n junction is used to convert sunlight into electricity. The directional movement of electrons, provoked by solar energy, is electricity.
The designs and materials used are constantly being improved, and the amount of electricity directly depends on the illumination. So far, the most popular are various modifications. silicon solar cells, but new polymer film batteries, which are still in the development stage, are becoming an alternative to them.
Saving energy
The resulting electricity must be able to spend wisely. For this, the following solutions come in handy:
No. 8. Water supply and sewerage
Ideally, an energy efficient home should get water from a well located under the dwelling. But when the water lies at great depths or its quality does not meet the requirements, such a decision has to be abandoned.
It is better to pass domestic waste water through a recuperator. and take away their warmth. For wastewater treatment, you can use septic tank where the transformation will be carried out by anaerobic bacteria. The resulting compost is a good fertilizer.
To save water, it would be a good idea to reduce the amount of water you drain. In addition, it is possible to implement a system where the water used in the bathtub and sink is used to flush the toilet bowl.
No. 9. What to build an energy-saving house from
Of course, it is better to use the most natural and natural raw materials, the production of which does not require numerous processing stages. it wood and stone... It is better to give preference to materials, the production of which is carried out in the region, because this way the waste on transportation is reduced. In Europe, passive houses began to be built from inorganic waste products. , glass and metal.
If you once pay attention to the study of energy-saving technologies, think over the project of an eco-house and invest in it, in subsequent years the cost of its maintenance will be minimal or even tend to zero.
An energy efficient home is a building that combines very low energy consumption with a comfortable microclimate.
Energy savings in such houses are up to 90%.
The annual heating requirement of an energy efficient home can be less than 15 kWh per square meter.
For example, today, in the most common design of a private house (reinforced concrete foundation, a "warm floor" system without insulation, walls of 1.5 bricks with cement plaster, ordinary metal-plastic windows, roof insulation of 150 mm and without supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery ) energy consumption for heating is 110-130 kWh per 1 m2 per year.
In the countries of the European Union, the following classification of houses is adopted:
- Low energy houses
Uses at least 50% less energy than standard buildings built in accordance with current energy standards. - Ultra-low energy houses
They consume 70-90% less energy than conventional buildings. Examples of ultra-low energy houses with clearly defined requirements are the German Passive House, the French Effinergie, the Swiss Minergie.
The pioneer in the construction of such houses was the Passive House (passive house), which was developed in Germany in Darmstadt in the 90s. It is generally accepted to consider a building "passive" if it meets the requirements developed by the German Institute for Passive Buildings. A "passive" house is a house with excellent thermal insulation, minimum consumption of electricity and heat energy. It maintains a comfortable microclimate mainly due to human heat, solar energy and household electrical appliances such as a kettle, stove, etc. Passive house technologies (buildings with ultra-low energy consumption, no traditional heating system) are efficient and have already been tried and tested in the harsh Scandinavian climate. Such houses have practically no heat losses. - Energy generating houses
These are buildings that generate electricity for their own needs. In some cases, the surplus energy in the summer can be sold to the energy company and bought back in the winter. Good thermal insulation, innovative design and the use of renewable energy sources (solar panels, ground source heat pumps) make these houses the vanguard of modern housing construction. - Homes with zero CO2 emissions
The term most commonly used in the UK. This house does not emit CO2. This means that the home is self-sustaining energy from renewable sources, including energy used for space heating / cooling, hot water supply, ventilation, lighting, cooking and electrical appliances. In the UK, all new homes since 2016 are built to this standard. In Russia, the following classification is adopted:
* In accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings" standards for
Rostov-on-Don (m2 ° С / W) Rwalls = 2.63 Rcoating = 3.96 Rwindow = 0.84
HOW TO “TEACH” A HOUSE TO BE ECONOMICAL AND COMFORTABLE?
1. Correct orientation of the house relative to the cardinal points.
One of the most important factors affecting a home's energy consumption is its location relative to the cardinal points. For the house to be energy efficient, most of the windows must face south. At the same time, a deviation of up to 30 ° from azimuth to the south slightly reduces the use of solar energy. If the house is positioned differently, the walls and roof of the building should be insulated more efficiently in order to compensate for the lack of heat entering the room with the rays of sunlight.
How does the house heat up from the sun? About 90% of the light energy penetrates through the glass of the windows, heating the room. Modern double-glazed windows are made with special coatings and inert gas filling. The coatings reflect the long-wave infrared rays from the room back into the room, reducing their loss through windows.
Large windows can get too hot in the house in summer. This problem is solved by the use of another special glass coating, as well as the use of automatic darkening systems, eaves of roofs, balconies. They are positioned to allow direct sunlight to pass through the windows only when the sun is low in winter. In summer, the windows on the sunny side of the house are shaded by trees. In winter, sunlight easily penetrates the house between the bare branches.
2. Designing a compact configuration of buildings.
The larger the outer surface of the building with the same volume of its premises, the higher the heat loss. Therefore, when building, reconstructing or expanding a house, you should, if possible, avoid all kinds of niches, ledges, ledges on the walls. It makes sense to build unheated outbuildings on the north side of the house. For example, rooms for storing garden tools and bicycles, technical rooms that protect the heated part of the house from wind and cold. A compact house not only consumes less energy, but also requires less construction costs.
3. External walls, structures and properties of the building materials used.
Much of the heat escapes from the house through its outer shell. The higher the difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures, the greater the heat loss.
The degree of thermal insulation of a house is determined by the coefficients of resistance to heat transfer of its enclosing structures (floor, walls, windows, roof). The higher it is, the better the quality of insulation.
The figure above shows the structures of the walls, the transmission resistance coefficient of which is 2.1-2.2 m2 ºС / W, which meets the regional requirements of buildings located in the geographical latitude of Krasnodar.
In accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings", for Rostov-on-Don, the heat transfer resistance of a one-story building must be at least 2.62 m2 ºС / W.
4. Thickness of exterior walls and living area of the house.
The size of the future living space in the house directly depends on the thickness of the outer walls. If the walls are made thick, for example, not 32 cm, but 38.5 cm, the living area of the house will significantly decrease. So, in a house with an area of 10x11 m in conditions of walls of the specified thickness, its living area will lose 2.73 m! On every floor. This means that each square meter of housing will cost more! With a wall thickness of 49 cm, the living area of each floor will decrease by almost 8 m2.
5. Noise protection at home.
Sound insulation of walls and structures of a house directly depends on the density and structure of the material from which they are made. When designing a home, it is very important to pay attention to isolation from shock and sound noises.
Solid (without windows and doors) walls, for example, made of fiber-reinforced concrete with a thickness of 250 mm, fully meet the requirements of comfort. Sound insulation of a wall with windows occupying more than 25% of the area will no longer be so effective: in this case, a significant portion of noise will penetrate through the windows. It is here, first of all, that special measures for sound insulation will be required.
6. Individual perception of comfort and indoor climate.
The concept of "comfort in the home" has a different meaning for many. Some believe that the most comfortable is a house made of fired clay bricks, others prefer sand-lime bricks, and still others are addicted to a wooden frame structure. However, the climate in the house depends not only on the absorption and heat storage capacity of the walls, the principle of operation of the heating system, ventilation system and the activities of its inhabitants. A comfortable microclimate is a balanced combination of all these elements in the construction of a house.
7. Heat loss and cold bridges.
When insulating a house, special attention is needed to places where heat is lost, or the so-called "cold bridges". In these places, the heat goes out more intensely than in others. An example is balconies made together with a floor in the form of a single solid slab, window slopes or joints between the outer walls and the basement floor. To reduce heat loss and avoid possible damage to structures (for example, the formation of mold on them due to sweating), it is necessary to take this into account even at the design and construction stage of the house.
Special attention should be paid to the sealing of joints in the places of installation of windows, doors, roofs and fastening of roller shutter housings.
In the conditions of any truss structure, incl. wooden, above the insulation it is necessary to lay a waterproofing vapor-permeable film, and from below under the insulation a vapor barrier film and lay seamless thermal insulation. Particular attention is required to seal the abutments to the internal walls. These two photos show the same house: the first photo was taken with a camera, the second with a thermal imager.
This device recorded huge heat losses through windows and external walls (marked in yellow and red).
8. Thermal insulation of the roof.
If earlier it was believed that insulation (mineral fiber mats or polyurethane foam plates) with a thickness of 10 cm was quite enough for thermal insulation of the roof, now much more stringent standards apply to roof insulation. For the roofs of energy efficient ("warm") houses, the resistance to heat transfer must be at least 6 m2 ºС / W, i.e. the thickness of thermal insulation made of a material with a thermal conductivity coefficient (at equilibrium humidity) of 0.04 W / m2K must be at least 24 cm.
In the context of stricter standards of energy consumption, heating systems of houses that meet new requirements play an important role in their savings. Significant energy savings can be achieved, for example, through the use of automatically controlled low-inertia systems that quickly respond to changes in room temperature.
So when the rooms are warmed up by the sun's rays passing through the windows, the corresponding sensors can send a signal to the metering valves to reduce the supply of coolant to the heating devices of the room. Accordingly, the boiler will work for a shorter amount of time and the gas consumption will be reduced. In this case, plate heating batteries and convectors, which have low inertia, can provide you with a good service when heating your house. Heating with floor heating and a tiled stove will not be able to react quickly due to the large heated mass.
The heating boiler must comply with standards for efficient use of energy and no emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Today these requirements are met by condensing boilers operating on liquid fuel or gas, as well as gas-fired steam boilers with ultra-high efficiency.
However, the most effective and providing the greatest comfort is the heating system with infrared film heaters, their efficiency is 92-97%.
If you want to reduce the energy consumption of your own home, the question arises: what needs to be done first of all - to make the heating system more powerful or to insulate the house? The answer to this question is unequivocal. First, the thermal insulation of all elements of the house should be improved. Because heating a well-insulated house requires a more compact and less powerful heating system, but well-regulated.
10. Passive and active use of solar energy.
The use of double-glazed windows with a lower heat transfer coefficient allows saving energy resources. For example, 1.6 W / (m2-K) instead of the previous 2.3 or 2.6 W / (m2-K). The modern market offers double-glazed windows even with Kt = 1.3-1.1 W / (m2-K). There are double-glazed windows and luxury class (0.9-0.8 W / (m2 "K)), but they are much more expensive. Along with saving energy, double-glazed windows create comfort in the premises. The cost of a window is primarily influenced by the material of the frame and only then - glazing. ”The use of a glass unit with a heat transfer coefficient of 1.3 or even 1.11 W / m2-K does not lead to a sharp increase in the cost of a window, unlike, for example, the use of wooden frames made of glued Angara pine.
Conversion of solar energy.
The energy of the sun can be used not only passively (due to the predominant location of the glazed surfaces of the house on the south side), but also actively. In this case, we are talking about the use of solar panels and solar water heaters, with which you can heat the water for the bathroom, shower and heating system.
- Liquid solar collector;
- Automation panel;
- Heat exchanger;
- Analysis of heated water;
- Heating boiler circuit coil;
- Coil-heat exchanger of the solar station;
- Heat exchanger make-up pipeline;
- Solar recharge piping.
When designing a house, it is necessary to provide for the laying of heat-insulated pipes from the solar to the hot water consumers. The process of converting solar energy into electrical energy through photovoltaic cells is already quite perfect today, but so far only the use of solar water heaters is economically justified for private housing construction.
Along with the loss of heat through the structural elements of the building, it is also lost during ventilation of the premises.
It has been verified that in a well-insulated house, ventilation heat losses reach 30-50%. In this case, heat is lost as a result of replacing warm air with fresh, but colder one.
This process is absolutely necessary to create normal microclimatic conditions in the house. The need for ventilation is especially noticeable in an energy efficient home, where the paths of cold fresh air entering the house are reliably blocked by seals.
An effective solution in the fight against heat loss is the installation of a ventilation system with heat recovery (return), which in modern models reaches 80-85%.
At the design stage, it is imperative to provide for the location of the recuperator and pipelines.
However, an effective ventilation system, in practice, is the most common element of construction, which is always saved on. Since the residents' need for clean fresh air does not diminish, they have to constantly pay for the excessive consumption of electricity or gas, which is spent on compensating for the ventilated heat.
Think about it: what is the point in additionally sealing and insulating the structures of the premises, if the heat goes out through the open windows and doors?
Without installing an effective ventilation system, it remains to put up with these heat losses. They can only be slightly reduced, by 25-30% (or 10-15% of the total heat loss) due to proper ventilation. Outside the heating season, of course, you can ventilate the house as much as you like. It is recommended to carry out the so-called draft ventilation, at least in order to comply with hygiene standards. It is useful to open the windows wide open for a short time at least two or three times a day, creating a draft.
The time required for air exchange depends on the temperature and humidity of the outside air and the strength of the wind. The colder and drier it is outside, the shorter the ventilation process should be. Water vapor and odors from bathing or showering should be removed immediately by ventilating the room. In winter, this must be done carefully, since a draft can not only harm the health of the inhabitants of the house, but also entail the loss of a significant amount of heat. It is known that a person is not devoid of weaknesses, which include an unintentional disregard for the observance of the rules. In this case, these are the rules for airing the premises. Often, when it's hot, we do not reduce the power of the heating system, but open the window. So, shouldn't this business be entrusted to ventilation equipment controlled by a computer in an autonomous mode?
TVs, washing machines, electric kettles, irons, hobs, split systems, light bulbs - they all consume a significant amount of electricity. Today it is quite easy to reduce its consumption. When buying each electrical appliance, it is necessary to pay attention to its energy consumption class, it must be AAA.
For home lighting, it is best to use lamps based on LED technology. The LED lamp is one of the most environmentally friendly light sources. The principle of the glow of LEDs allows the use of safe components in the production and operation of the lamp itself. They do not contain toxic substances, so they do not pose a danger in case of failure or destruction. The service life of the LED lamp is up to 100,000 hours. And the increased energy intensity allows you to consume 10 times less electricity compared to traditional incandescent lamps.
13. Economical water consumption and heat recovery from the used warm water.
Over the past decade, manufacturers of plumbing equipment have developed many different designs of mixers, taps and other elements of plumbing equipment, which can reduce water consumption by 40-50%, without losing the cleaning properties of the water flow.
Innovative systems for irrigation of flower beds and lawns of private houses have been developed, which reduce water consumption for irrigation by 40-60%. The systems combine local sensors, regional weather forecasts and an intelligent algorithm to select the optimal watering regime for plants in the garden. Sensors are inserted into each irrigation zone and monitor moisture, soil temperature and area illumination. The system has a built-in microcontroller that connects the sensors wirelessly with Wi-Fi technology to the home network to control the time and duration of watering. And the microcontroller, analyzing all the data received, chooses the optimal irrigation mode by itself.
In 2012. the designers of recuperation systems for private houses from England and Belgium presented very compact systems that allow you to return heat energy from waste water back to the house. The efficiency of such systems is about 60%.
IS ALL THIS WORTH TO BEAR ADDITIONAL EXPENSES FOR CONSTRUCTION?
The answer to this question can be given by real figures of savings and confirmed facts.
- The cost of the most popular source of thermal energy in Russia - natural gas in 2017 in Rostov-on-Don was 5.5 rubles / m3. The price trend is an annual gradual increase to the level of global prices, as has already happened with gasoline, the cost of which in the domestic market equaled its cost in the markets of Europe and North America. Today, the average price of 1 m3 of natural gas, for example in Europe, is $ 0.37 / m3, i.e. 13.3 rubles / m3. If we assume that the annual price increase is only 9%, then the gas price on the domestic market will reach the world average by 2025.
- The average monthly volume of gas energy consumption in the winter period for an ordinary house is 100m2 (reinforced concrete foundation, underfloor heating system without insulation, walls 1.5 bricks with cement plaster, with ordinary metal-plastic windows, roof insulation 150mm and without supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery ), is 850-900m3. In 2017 prices this is 4.8t.r. / month, but in 2025. with a very high degree of probability, the heating of this house will cost on average 11.5t. rubles / month, or about 60,000 rubles. for the heating period.
- The owners of houses of the above-described design, having such huge heating costs, will be forced to insulate them, the minimum cost of which is in 2017 prices, for 1 floor. house 100m2 (to bring it in line with SNiP 2302-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings") is about 320 thousand rubles. If they do not engage in thermal insulation, they will have to accept that the amount of payment for the consumed energy resources will be huge, their houses will be appreciated by the market much lower than those built in accordance with energy saving standards. Home buyers check it out simply, they piggyback utility bills from last year.
The most pressing questions:
How much will the cost of construction increase if everything is done at once in accordance with the existing standards for heat saving?
On average, from 3% to 10%, it all depends on the architectural project, initially correctly selected engineering solutions for the construction of the house, building materials and technologies.
How many years will this additional investment in heat preservation pay off?
For example: during the construction of 1 floor. houses of 100m2 (according to the classical scheme described above), the initial cost of construction was 2100 thousand rubles. After adjustments, in order to meet the requirements of SNiP 2302-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings", the estimate increased by 90 thousand rubles. At the same time, energy consumption will decrease by at least 30% (usually 35-40%), and the annual savings for the heating period will amount to at least 1400 m3 of natural gas. In 2017. the price of 1m3 of gas in Rostov-on-Don was 5.5 rubles. Provided that the annual rise in gas prices is no more than 9%, the costs will be recouped in the 8th year. However, it is much more important that after these 8 years, it will still be necessary to carry out a set of measures to save energy at home, so that its maintenance does not become a heavy financial burden for the family. And the cost of remodeling the elements of the house will be almost 4 times more expensive, compared to 80 thousand rubles. energy saving costs during the construction phase.
Are there real examples of houses built by you, which have 30-40% less gas consumption for heating, without compromising the comfort of living?
More than 70% of our Clients have decided to build such houses, and already live in them. However, since 2014. we began to offer customers and implement in projects complex engineering solutions for all structures of house elements, which can reduce energy consumption during operation by another 20-30%.