After receiving land for a cottage or summer cottage, the owners have a problem: what trees to plant on the site? This question is the second most important after capital buildings. An unsuccessful bed or flower bed can be redone the next year, and tree crops develop for a long time, you may notice your mistake when the apple tree has already reached a large size and bears fruit. Take your time to the nursery, first of all open the plan of the territory and mark the planting places on it. When you are sure that everything is done correctly, you can purchase planting material.
What breeds to choose
Of course, any summer resident wants to have all kinds of plants on the site that only exist in the world. We'll have to limit ourselves.
The list of desired crops will be significantly reduced by the following conditions:
- climate;
- plot size;
- relief features;
- the soil;
- the ability to provide complex care.
The success of breeders makes it possible to grow exotic plants v middle lane, but their possibilities are not limitless. Palm trees in the open air in the Arctic will not grow, no matter how hard you try. First of all, pay attention to the species that have always grown in your area. If you want exotic novelties, contact your local nursery, experts will give you advice on which varieties can survive in your conditions. However, keep in mind that rare breeds require careful maintenance. Do you have enough energy and time to properly grow a capricious tree?
Features of the soil and relief also make their own adjustments. Not every tree can survive in a swamp, on a stone cliff covered with thin layer rocky ground, or on the steep northern slopes. Ground waters are very cunning. The seedling will take root perfectly, it will grow for several years, but it will die as soon as the roots grow to a wet layer. You can arrange good drainages, dig huge ditches in rocky ground and fill them with fertile soil - the tree will still feel bad. Consider whether this effort is worth a bucket of fruit, maybe it would be right to plant other species, and buy a bucket of peaches on the market.
How many trees will fit on the site
Any site is not limitless and can accommodate a certain number of trees and tall shrubs. If you plant fruit crops too close to each other to save space, they will grow depressed, they will often get sick and give a poor harvest. Remember that trees must be planted at a distance of at least 5 m from one another, and between tall shrubs there must be at least 3 m.
On the small areas it would be right to give preference to the columnar form. The crown of these trees has the appearance of a neat column, takes up little space and facilitates maintenance. Trees on dwarf rootstocks are very convenient. When harvesting from low plantations, you do not have to pretend to be a stuntman trying to reach an apple hanging at a height of ten meters.
When calculating the number of trees of one species, one should take into account that some species, such as cherries and cherries, grow only in groups. If you are not very fond of these berries, do not plant one on the site Cherry tree, it is better to completely abandon such plants. Some breeds, for example Walnut, do not tolerate the neighborhood of other species and will oppress the apple trees and peaches planted around it.
When planting tall crops near the border of the site, you enter into legislative relations with your neighbors. A beautiful young linden tree in a few years will grow up to 30 m, develop a lush crown and shade half of the foreign territory. If you want to have tall trees, plant them on the south side of the recreation and picnic area, there they will create a pleasant coolness in the summer heat.
For hedges, dwarf trees or shrubs up to 2 m in height are suitable. When planting tall species, choose ones that tolerate cutting well, and you can always shorten them in accordance with the norms.
A good fence will come from the following shrubs:
- lilac;
- dwarf spruce.
The side facing a busy road can be fenced off with tall trees. Lush crown protects the site from noise, dust and exhaust gases. In this place, it is not recommended to plant fruit crops or plants, whose leaves and flowers you are going to use for medicinal purposes.
Even in the smallest area, they must grow fruit trees... When laying a garden, an inexperienced summer resident may choose the wrong breed. As a result, the main area will be occupied by crops, the fruits of which you do not particularly need, and there will be little space for the most important fruits. Before buying seedlings, think, do you need 20 cherries? In a few years they will give such a harvest that it will be enough for an entire microdistrict. If you want to grow berries for commercial purposes, do so, but for one family you don't need so many fruits.
You have already defined. Now make a list of the breeds you want to plant. In the first line, mark the most reliable and necessary, for example. The next item will go to cultures of lesser importance, and the list of plantings that can be dispensed with will be closed. Also, last but not least, take trees that are poorly adapted to natural and climatic conditions your site. Start purchasing from the top line and work your way down. In this way, you will properly plan your garden, which is guaranteed to provide you with the most needed fruits.
If there is not enough space in the garden, and you want to grow different types of apples or plums, use grafting. On one tree you will have branches with fruits different varieties.
When space permits, you can experiment, try to grow exotic fruit trees. If you choose the right varieties and skillfully care for the plantings, peaches will grow in the northern regions, and bananas and mangoes in the south. Only if you plant a site with rare crops alone, you risk being left without a crop at all.
In any garden, it is desirable to have several varieties of the following crops:
- apple trees;
- rowan;
Decorative planting
In the country, you can plant not only fruit trees, but also decorative breeds... Birch at the gate, mountain ash under the window, cypress alley will give the site individuality, create good mood... If space permits, you can arrange a small forest with a barbecue, a picnic fire. Strawberries will grow in an open meadow, and in the shade. If you want to plant mushrooms, keep in mind that each species loves its own tree. Butterlets and mushrooms grow well under Christmas trees, boletus and boletus mushrooms in deciduous forests.
When planting trees on the site, one should not forget about the safety of the owners and guests. Should not be grown poisonous plants... Species with fragile wood should be located away from houses and paths: when strong wind a large branch may break off and fall on a person or knock out a window. When planting trees near buildings, it must be borne in mind that plants with strong roots destroy the foundation over time.
If you believe in horoscopes and folk signs, you can design the site in accordance with the magical recommendations. Sometimes these tips contradict each other. There is only one way out: trust your intuition. Hold the seedling in your hands, imagine it as an adult tree in your area and think about how you feel at the same time. It is believed that willow and willow have no place in the garden, they symbolize suffering and death. But if in your dreams a pond surrounded by these thickets is associated with happiness, romantic feelings, peace - create such a corner, nothing bad plant they won't bring you.
To decorate the landscape, you can dig trees or shrubs growing in the nearby forest, or purchase specially bred decorative species. Breeders have created many varieties from ordinary spruce with a wide variety of needle colors.
To create a design, you can use:
- acacia;
- larch;
- cypress;
- palm tree;
- bird cherry;
- mountain ash;
How to plant trees correctly
The best time to plant ornamental and stone fruit trees is early spring. It is advisable that the seedlings have not yet begun to release leaves. Pome crops - an apple tree, a pear - should be planted correctly in the fall. The age of the seedling is 1-2 years. Young trees tolerate transplanting more easily, take root quickly. It is advisable not to prescribe trees from remote regions, but to acquire them in a local nursery, then you will be sure that this species can live in your climate.
You brought the seedlings, now you need to mark the holes. Try to place the plantings so that the tallest trees are on the north side of the garden, and the dwarf ones on the south, then there will be enough sun for everyone.
Each breed has its own subtleties of planting, but there are general rules.
- The size of the hole should be such that the roots fit freely.
- Sand or gravel should be poured at the bottom for drainage.
- When backfilling, first of all, the upper fertile soil layer is thrown onto the roots.
- The inoculation site should be a few centimeters above ground level.
- The planted tree must be tied to a firmly fixed peg so that the wind does not swing it.
After planting, be attentive to the young tree. Shade it before rooting and keep the soil moist. It will be correct to add a hydrogel to the soil when planting, it regulates soil moisture both in drought and during prolonged rains. Be sure to mulch trunk circle, then loosening and weeding is not required, and you will not disturb the finely spaced roots.
Conclusion
On the summer cottage first of all, you need to plant trees that grow and bear fruit well in your conditions. If there is not enough space for decorative crops, you can make an apple or cherry alley, surround a recreation area with fruit crops. Exotic crops it is better to plant if there is free space and time for complex care.
When landing, you need to consider. Some varieties do not set fruit at all if there is no tree of the same type nearby. Cherries and cherries alone will give a meager harvest. If you are afraid that you yourself will not be able to cope with this work, contact the specialists. A qualified team will properly green the site, all you have to do is take care of the plants and harvest.
At all stages of creating an orchard, it is necessary to ensure that trees and shrubs not only actively bear fruit, but also do not grow wild over the site. To the aid of creating a decorative orchard will come such a time-tested method as the trellis (sometimes it is called cordon or flat). Decorating a garden with trees is a task no less important than laying out flower beds and mixborders; to implement it, you need to have excellent taste and, of course, sufficient knowledge.
There is hardly a person who would not be admired by the exquisite design of the orchard: the exuberant spring flowering of apple trees, the brutal wrinkled trunks of old specimens and the magnificent graphics of the crown attract attention and give aesthetic pleasure.
Apple trees are long-lived trees; they are often preserved as a good memory of the fathers and grandfathers who laid the garden. How to place trees in the garden so that old plantings do not interfere with the young? Do not remove old-time trees, if they are healthy, arrange a lawn under them. If you put it under such trees on a lawn garden furniture, you get a cozy living room on fresh air, where you can meet guests, organize an evening tea party, just sit with your family. And what stunning shadows are cast by old trees on the lawn on a hot summer day!
Before planning orchard, based on the needs of the family, determine how much area a particular crop should occupy in the garden; the presence of several varieties of different ripening periods will extend the period of fruit consumption. When planting actinidia and sea buckthorn, keep in mind that to ensure fruiting by 4-5 female plants one male is needed.
Plant the most heat-loving plants - grapes, cherries, apricots - near the southern walls, where the plants receive additional heat. In the orchard plan, the planting patterns should correspond to the final sizes of the plants after a few years, typical mistake many gardeners - thickened plantings.
Design of trees in the garden at all stages of creation
V landscape design the orchard occupies special place: well-groomed fruit trees and berry bushes very attractive, especially during flowering and fruit ripening.
And with the help of such forms as cordons and palmettes, especially in a wall culture, you can make a garden masterpiece out of them. In addition, such crown shapes allow more economical use of the area. Molded plants feel great, grow well, do not get sick, bear fruit abundantly, their life expectancy not only does not decrease, but also increases. In this matter, knowledge is needed, talent will not hurt, but the most important thing is methodology, scrupulousness and patience, you cannot begin to form a plant, and then forget about it or change your mind. When planning an orchard, if you do not feel in yourself a penchant for such painstaking work, you should not even start, the persistent ones will certainly succeed.
The trellis method is successfully used for stone fruit trees of the type and pear grafted on a dwarf or semi-dwarf rootstock (the height of an adult plant is from 1.5 to 3.5 m), saving space (the thickness of the trellis is small, only 30-50 cm) and turning house walls and fences in works of garden art.
The trellis method is successfully used for stone fruit trees such as apple and pear grafted onto a dwarf or semi-dwarf stock (the height of an adult plant is from 1.5 to 3.5 m), saving space (the thickness of the trellis is small, only 30-50 cm) and transforming house walls and fences into works of garden art.
The trellis on the side wall of the house consists of a developed central conductor and several horizontal tiers of the main skeletal branches. The distance between the tiers is 50 cm. Annual seedlings are allowed to grow a year, in the next season they are shortened to a height of 60-70 cm from the soil surface, leaving only two of the side shoots, thus laying the first tier of the main skeletal branches, later on the central conductor appear new shoots, from which the branches of the second, third, and so on tiers are formed. It is not necessary to achieve a strict opposite placement of branches along the row in a tier on the central conductor; placing the bases of the branches 10-15 cm one above the other is even more desirable for the development of the plant. When the main branches in the tiers reach a length of 70-80 cm, they are bent in opposite directions and attached to the wire. It is necessary to monitor the subordination of the branches in the crown, achieving a diminishing growth force in the tiers in the direction from the lower to the upper branches. Side shoots no uko on skeletal branches
They grow, the shoots growing steeply upward are removed. Crown formation stops after reaching the desired height, most often it is 2.5-3m.
When planning the design of trees in the garden, in order to form a two-armed cordon, it is necessary to create a support consisting of short vertical posts and one or more horizontally arranged rows of wire, depending on the number of tiers of the cordon. The first row of wire is pulled at a height of 50 cm from the soil surface. The method is suitable for apples, pears and plums. An annual sapling is cut at a height of 20-30 cm from the ground, two branches are left from the emerging branches, which are tied to a tightly stretched horizontal wire. In the spring they are shortened, in the summer all side branches are cut over 6-8 leaves. Horizontal cordons can have several tiers. When decorating an orchard for the formation of the second tier, in addition to two shoulders, one more vertical shoot is left, from which two shoulders are also formed at a level of 40-50 cm from the previous one.
Usually a cordon or palmette support is a row wooden posts with a wire horizontally stretched every 50-60 cm, sometimes they use metal fence with horizontal bars laid on the brackets.
A trellis made of apple or pear trees turns a banal fence into a unique piece of garden art, and the harvest ripens excellently on it. The place for planting such "structures" must be chosen responsibly, the trellises must be well lit (especially fruit trees) and located parallel to the direction of the prevailing winds in the area.
The main difficulty in caring for trellises is to maintain the created artificial forms. For this, 3-4 times per season summer pruning- pinching, stimulating the formation of flower buds. It must also be remembered that such plants need timely fertilization and good care generally.
A beautiful orchard must necessarily contain perfectly formed berry crops. Red in the standard form. Red currants are very decorative in the form of a wall on a trellis.
How to plan a beautiful fruit garden
It is better to place the fruit garden area on north side plot, planting trees in a checkerboard pattern with distances between tall apple trees 5 m, between low-growing ones - 4 m, between cherries and plums - 3 m.
Look at the photo of the garden decoration with trees and shrubs: for growing fruit and berry crops, the most sunny places, as they will withstand light shade, but this will reduce the yield and its quality. Lowered areas are of little use for a garden: cold air flows here, and 1-2 missing degrees during the flowering period can ruin the entire crop. Particularly dangerous are closed relief depressions - "saucers". Both excess moisture and air can stagnate in them.
Can I plant something under a fruit tree? Hold the trunk circle of a one-year or two-year-old seedling with a radius of about a meter under black steam, not forgetting to weed out the weeds, until he is five years old, let him calmly grow and mature. It refers to fruit plants and decorative. If it comes about an adult tree, plants with a root system a few centimeters in size cannot damage it ?!
Perennials are planted under the trees, real English mixborders are arranged under them, in particular old apple trees, this does not depress.
Landing without site preparation: right on the lawn, into the virgin lands, into the heavily trampled earth, etc.
Consequences. Young plants suffer, die or live, but barely bear fruit.
How right. Each landing point should extend at least 1 sq. m of loose and fertile soil. It is generally not worth planting fruit and berry crops in virgin soil: it is better to postpone planting for a year, and dig up the site (next season you can grow annual flowers, zucchini or other vegetables on it). At least 1 square meter should be removed from the lawn. m of turf, dig in a lawn tape around the perimeter, add 1 bucket of humus to the ground, dig up, and then make a planting hole.
Error 2
Plants are planted too close together.
Consequences. Grown trees and shrubs quickly begin to interfere with each other.
Distances between fruit plants
* If different cultures are in the same row, then the distance between them is calculated using the approximate formulas:
Distance = (spacing for plants 1 + spacing for plants 2): 2
Distance = (expected maximum height mature plant 1 + expected maximum height of mature plant 2): 3.
Error 3
No landing pit: instead, the plant is offered a hole with a root system or container.
Consequences. Very poor growth, poor harvest.
How right. Planting pit (average size 40 x 40 x 40 cm for berry and 60 x 60 x 60 cm for fruit crops) is mandatory in all areas where there is no close occurrence of groundwater.
Error 4
Unsuitable planting substrate: the plant is placed directly on compost pit or completely fill the hole with humus, earth from the forest and other foreign substances.
Consequences. The plant is sick, falls into the depths or tends to the ground.
How right. For all crops except blueberries, lingonberries and cranberries, the planting hole under the roots should be filled with local soil with additives to improve its properties, and itself root system covered with earth without any additives.
Classic landing technology
When excavating land from a pit for planting, a mound of a dark fertile layer is saved next to it, and a light soil from the lower horizons is discarded (in the aisle or to another place). When planting large (in the future) plants - apple trees, pears, cherries - a reliable stake 2 m high is driven into the bottom of the pit. sand for heavy soil, a little clay for sandy, low-lying peat, etc.). Sprinkle a mound of the resulting mixture with clean earth, set the seedling at the recommended depth and cover it with dark soil. In the process of planting, the ground is trampled underfoot if the seedling was with open roots, or crushed with hands if the plant is potted. Be sure to water it abundantly, after absorbing moisture, sprinkle the near-trunk circle with dry soil. Currants, gooseberries, honeysuckle are cut at a height of 5-7 cm from the ground, fruit seedlings tied to a peg "eight".
How to dig in seedlings
You will need a non-blocking place on the site where the snow will not melt in the first place. There they dig a hole (for one or two seedlings) or a groove (if there are more) for two bayonets of a shovel. The excavated soil is poured with a roller on one side. Unpacked seedlings are wrapped in plastic mesh or they are covered with spruce branches (to protect against mice) and placed in the recess with the stem on the roller. Plants in pots are placed on a substrate of sawdust, fallen leaves or other loose material and surround the container with it on all sides (otherwise it will be difficult to get it in the spring). Then they throw the soil taken next to them with compaction - you should get a mound as high as the first mound.
Error 5
"Temporary" landing: owners, if it is impossible to find a suitable place or to comply with all the rules and dates for planting, in case of doubts about the quality of seedlings, they often plant plants "for a while" in completely inappropriate places or several pieces in one hole. Seedlings in containers are sometimes transferred to a larger pot, which is left to stand in the area.
Consequences. As a rule, the owner who has attached the seedlings relaxes and is in no hurry to solve the problem that prevented him from planting them right away. As a result, trees or bushes suffer in a "temporary apartment" for years until they die or wait for a very traumatic and difficult move to a normal place. A seedling in a pot, left standing on the ground, runs the risk of freezing in winter.
How right. Temporary planting until next fall is permissible only for small one-year-old seedlings, and only on good bed at intervals of at least 30-40 cm from each other. In other cases, it is better not to plant the plants, but to dig in until spring.
Every host country house wants to have an orchard on his land: apple, cherry, from different varieties and types of crops. In spring, trees and bushes bloom delightfully, smell fragrant, self-grown fruits and berries are always tastier than those purchased at the market or in a store. In addition, the products are environmentally friendly. A blossoming fruit garden is perceived as a symbol of prosperity and abundance.
Where to locate an orchard
Growing a garden is not easy. The main mistake novice gardeners are in a hurry to master the site without studying the culture of planting. Seedlings planted without taking into account the characteristics and compatibility, over time, begin to become infected with diseases and oppress each other. Competent placement of fruit in the garden, taking into account sunny and shady areas, soil types, depth of groundwater is the key to a successful future garden.
The suitability and unsuitability of land for gardening helps to determine the nature itself. Maple, mountain ash, wild pear grow on richer soils, alder, willow, sedge - in wetlands. Dense clay and rocky soil is not suitable for planting a garden. Perfect option- black soil, but more often the plants are planted on medium acid soils. The main thing is to do this away from the conifers and birches, on the territory freed from fallen leaves.
In areas with high groundwater, plants also cannot develop well, since the roots will constantly be in the water, rot from lack of oxygen and nutrients... The optimum water level for fruit trees should be no closer than 15 m from the surface. But for shrubs (gooseberries, currants and raspberries), the water can be 1 m and not harm the plants.
There are no trifles in the organization of gardening. Listen to the opinions and advice of experienced gardeners and gardeners. Decide on your preferences in advance. There is no need to follow the lead of your dreams and buy twice as many seedlings than you can then grow. Below are the options for planting horticultural crops in small household plots.
Best compatibility of fruit trees and shrubs
The best compatibility of fruit trees in the garden is achieved when they are arranged in uniform groups (apple-to-apple, pear to pear). But such opportunities are available only to owners of large plantations or production cooperatives. Therefore, you will have to study in detail the compatibility of plants and the rules for planting them in small areas.
Compatibility is influenced by light, nutrition, soil, feeding, allelopathy ( negative impact). In the table, cells are highlighted in red, indicating an undesirable neighborhood of plants, green - a favorable one. Empty cells indicate the neutral nature of the neighborhood.
Apple tree- the most unpretentious fruit tree. It gets along with many garden and horticultural crops, has a powerful root system. While the apple tree is young, the raspberry bushes have a beneficial effect on its development (they loosen the soil). Apple trees develop faster and bear fruit abundantly if a couple of deciduous or conifers... Ash-leaved maple releases phytoncides and protects the apple tree from pests.
Many kinds pears are sterile, so they need to be planted in pairs. They do not tolerate apple trees, plums, currants, gooseberries growing nearby, but they favor mountain ash, oak and poplar. The most harmful neighbor is the juniper.
Cherry does not tolerate currants, raspberries, gooseberries and easily gets along with cherries and plums. Superficial cherry roots can fill an entire area.
Different varieties plums(Russian, Chinese, Amur) cannot be planted together, but they get along well with cherry and maple. And the black elderberry saves the plum from aphids.
Grape goes well with Chinese lemongrass, pear, goes well with raspberries and cherries, cherries and apple trees. Does not tolerate the neighborhood of quince and hazel.
Cherriesgrows well in the same garden with cherries and plums, but is not happy with the neighborhood of apple and pear. It has strong roots and takes away nutrients from weaker plants.
Honeysuckle and black currant - good neighbors, but they don't get along with red currants. But gooseberries are friends with her.
Sea buckthorn compatible with many shrubs and trees, but it must be planted carefully, otherwise it will clog any plant with its long roots. To limit the spread of roots around the sea buckthorn, slate or iron shields are dug in. Sea buckthorn is a useful medicinal plant.
Currant different varieties are not planted side by side. Red berries need more intense lighting. Plant blackcurrants near honeysuckle, away from cherries, apples, and raspberries.
Gooseberry gets along well with red currants. He needs a lot of sun. The main external enemy of the shrub is the gooseberry moth. Gooseberries grow well next to plums and pears.
Raspberries will sweep out many neighbors in the garden. It is light-requiring, with an aggressive root system. Raspberries are usually planted in two rows and suppressed overgrowth to adjacent beds. Gooseberry and currant bushes next to raspberries will wither away.
In the garden between the trees, it is useful to sow anise, tarragon, basil, parsley, coriander, lemon balm, thyme. Their odorous substances, repelling pests, restrain the spread of many diseases.
What trees and shrubs cannot be planted together
The main reasons for suppressing one plant by another are:
- shading of the crown;
- competition for nutrients;
- occurrence of the root system at the same depth;
- discharge of unpleasant or harmful substances;
- pathogens transmitted in close proximity.
Place incompatible plant species in the same area should be in opposite corners of the garden. It is not recommended to plant on garden area bird cherry, hawthorn and hazel. They act depressingly on neighboring plants.
Fruit and berry crops can be affected by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and become infected by insects. Advice: carefully study the tables indicating the unwanted neighborhood of plants on the backyard.
Planting schemes for an orchard
It is more practical to plant the garden from the south or southeast side, lining up rows of trees from north to south. So the fruit crops will be illuminated by the sun most day. To reduce shading, the outer rows are filled with low-growing crops, the inner rows with taller specimens.
Ornamental shrubs (viburnum, wild rose, mountain ash, hawthorn) are best placed outside the garden area along the perimeter, since they inhibit the growth of fruit crops.
Trees are planted three meters from buildings, and young trees are never planted next to old ones, so that the root system of the latter does not oppress the young growth. Fruit species with a seed stock take root well in elevated areas in a small group or separately standing tree... In shallow groundwater, it is advisable to plant crops on dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks (columnar apple trees).
With thickened plantings, fruit crops begin to fight for lighting, food and space. To correctly calculate the garden planting scheme, consider the following indicators: the diameter of the crown and root system of the future tree, the biological characteristics and the timing of its ripening.
When planting apple trees in a row, observe the distance between them at least 3 m (for plums - 2 m, for pears and cherries - 2.5 m), for circular plantings - 5-7 m from each other. This is necessary for better cross-pollination, greater fruit setting and easier harvesting.
Scheme of regular placement of fruit trees:
It is best to buy seedlings in a nursery, paying attention to the length of the roots (at least 25 cm), their branching and the absence of outgrowths. The leaves should be carefully torn off, leaving the stem part, buds and main branches intact, and the roots should be wrapped in burlap to reduce moisture loss. Disembarkation is carried out no later than three weeks before the onset of persistent cold weather.
Fertilizers, ash, humus are added to the planting pits with a diameter twice as large as the root system of the seedling. Then the seedlings are immersed in the holes, leaving the root collar at a level of 5 cm above the ground, and sprinkled on top sawdust with peat. Seedlings in a container are planted in a planting hole without deepening the seedling, without breaking an earthen lump.
When to plant fruit: in autumn or spring?
Most of the trees and shrubs are planted in the ground after the completion of vegetation processes - in the fall, until November. The exception is the period of leaf fall. Once the plants have shed their foliage, they are ready to be transplanted. For young seedlings, such an operation is very responsible. They must have time to take root before the topsoil is frozen.
Autumn plantings do not require special care from the gardener, except for watering, but this is often replaced by autumn rains. Injured seedlings easily recover themselves, and in spring they begin to grow actively. Summer residents have free time to do others garden work... They perfectly tolerate the autumn planting of apple, pear, cherry, cherry plum, mulberry, a significant part of the varietal plum. Typically, these trees produce larger fruits.
Some seedlings with a lower frost resistance, brought from other climatic regions and have not passed the wintering stage in similar conditions, are planted in spring. These include all stone fruits (peach, cherry, apricot), chestnut and walnut. Spring planting are produced until the buds have blossomed and the moisture has not left. Planting pits are prepared in the fall or a couple of weeks before the planting procedure.
When will the fruit garden start bearing fruit?
The fruiting times of horticultural crops depend on the variety of seedlings, the type of rootstock, as well as the correct and timely landing trees and caring for them.
So, apple trees of varieties White filling, Simirenko, grafted onto a dwarf rootstock (M 9), and Williams, Forest Beauty pears bear fruit already in the third or fourth year, and some even in the second. Sweet cherries and cherries of the Lyubskaya variety begin to bear fruit even in the nursery. But you can get a bucket only after 3-4 years. Berries of black and red currants, irgi, gooseberries, viburnum, the first crops are harvested in the third year of life.
A fruit garden is not only tasty fruits, but also a whole medical arsenal. Roots, seeds, bark, leaves, shoots and flowers can all be useful for treatment. Infusion of apple leaves lowers blood pressure, gooseberry cleanses blood vessels, and pear buds remove salt and toxins from the body. A decoction of cherry cuttings helps fight cystitis. Apricots and plums have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract and heart. Quince heals joints. Black currant is a storehouse of vitamins.
If the garden is grown over a large area, it can become a business object. Apple trees, for example, with the use of modern intensive technologies, give a sufficient harvest the next year. The apple orchard business brings steady profits every year. And yet, the food issue is not the main goal of the gardener.
In winter, we look forward to a new summer season to return to evening tea at sunset, pleasant conversations, childhood memories and complete freedom of thought and deed, the silence and fragrance of the native garden and juicy apples on the table.
Every experienced gardener knows which trees can be planted side by side on the plot, and which plants and shrubs need to be planted further away from each other. It is very important for novice gardeners and gardeners to know the compatibility of fruit trees and shrubs in order not to disturb the root system of plants and get good harvest.
Competent bookmark personal plot- a guarantee of an excellent harvest of berry and fruit crops. Every summer resident should know that when planting shrubs and trees, the compatibility of fruit trees is very important so that each plant has enough nutrients for growth and fruiting.
Regardless of the size of the site, first of all, you need to prepare the soil, since then it will be more difficult to fix something.
Soil requirements
What should be the land when laying a garden? The ideal option is fertile black soil. It is undesirable to plant trees and shrubs in sprayed soil; wetlands, as well as dense clay and rocky areas, will not work.
It is highly undesirable to try to set up a garden in a swampy area, a hollow and closed pits. You can try, you just need to fertilize the soil well and add a fertile mixture.
Fruit plants will not please you with the harvest in areas with high water supply, when groundwater passes almost on the surface. Plants will not be able to exist and develop in such difficult conditions, the roots will be constantly in water and will gradually rot from lack of nutrients and oxygen. If you are new to this business and still do not know what kind of soil you got, as an experiment you can plant a few fruit bushes and observe the plant. If you see that the branches of a plant began to dry out in a well-moistened soil, this indicates that the plant lacks nutrients, and the groundwater is too high. Of course, you can do otherwise and immediately invite specialists to assess the fertility of the soil and do everything in advance so that after planting there is no additional hassle with fertilization and the introduction of a fertile mixture.
Is the water table so important when planting seedlings? Of course, each plant has its own rules and regulations, so if you want to plant a pear or apple tree on the site, then it is very important to check the groundwater level, it should not reach 2 m from the earth's surface. Plum and cherry in this regard are more finicky, since the optimal water level should be no closer than 15 m, but for such fruit shrubs as raspberries, currants and gooseberries, it is possible for the groundwater level to be practically on the surface, but not closer, than 1 m.
What you need to consider in order to correctly place all fruit trees and shrubs on the site:
- Groundwater level.
- Shading.
- Plant compatibility.
- Compliance with crop rotation.
When the year turns out to be dry, this has an extremely negative effect on the yield, but when the soil always remains moist, then this is also bad, the plants suffer from excess moisture. It is very important to determine the level of occurrence of groundwater and take appropriate measures, if there is an excess of liquid - try to remove moisture. In the lowlands, you can dig a ditch or plant those crops that need more moisture.
The basic rule when planting fruit trees is that all stone fruits should be planted higher, preferably in a higher area. This is the only way to count on a good harvest.
Compatibility of trees and shrubs in the garden
Even in old textbooks for beginner gardeners there is very little information about the influence of plants on each other (fruit shrubs and fruit trees). Experienced gardeners gain all the knowledge base empirically, and then willingly share it with beginners. It turns out that it is not enough just to purchase a personal plot and purchase various seedlings, and then, together with the whole family, get down to work. No, it turns out that when planting some trees in the garden, it is important to consider their compatibility. Perhaps the neighborhood will oppress the plants growing nearby, or, conversely, promote active growth. For example, seemingly harmless apple trees cannot stand the close proximity of stone fruit trees such as plum and cherry. Therefore, if you want to plant these trees in your area, you must maintain a certain distance.
Scheme of compatibility of trees and shrubs
It is very important to take into account the compatibility of trees with other plants, since each fruit tree or shrub secretes its own "secret", such secretions can negatively affect the development of neighboring plants. This applies not only to ground action, but also underground, because each plant has its own root system. Each crop develops differently and it may turn out that one plant will remain in the shade and will be deprived of nutrition and sunlight, while the other will grow. It turns out that the so-called "powerful representatives" of fruit trees (these are some varieties of pears, apples and plums) will suppress the growth of fruit shrubs and stone fruit trees. If you choose the right plants and plant them in a certain order, then you can get not only a good harvest, but also protection from pests (the plants will independently protect each other from pests).
Pay attention to the compatibility chart of fruit trees and shrubs in the garden:
Undesirable neighborhood of plants is highlighted in red, favorable in green. We draw conclusions: for example, if you plant, for example, a walnut next to any fruit bushes and trees, then it will suppress the growth of these plants. It is known that this tree is not friendly with any fruit trees. Despite this, the walnut repels insects. You can plant this tree on your site, only away from shrubs and fruit trees.
There are gardeners who dream of growing hazel on their plot so as not to look for this tree in the forest, but to harvest on their plot. Here, too, you need to be careful, since hazel also acts depressingly on neighboring plants.
Check out the list of plants that do not get along with apple and pear:
- lilac;
- jasmine;
- fir;
- viburnum;
- horse chestnut.
What can be planted close to a pear and an apple tree:
- cherries;
- cherries;
- raspberries.
And, of course, an apple tree. This tree feels good in the neighborhood of its fellows, even if the apple variety is different. When planting young apple seedlings, the following should be considered: do not seek to plant a seedling in the place where the old apple tree grew. It is better to retreat at least a few meters from this place and plant a seedling, then a young apple tree will delight you with lush flowering.
Planting Trees Compatibility:
- Cherries get along well with apple trees, grapes, and also sweet cherries. You can plant several cherry seedlings side by side. Plants will not interfere with each other. By the way, there should be no black currant bushes next to the cherries.
- Choosing a place for planting plums - away from the pear and next to the black currant.
- Cherries also need to be planted away from pears, apples, plums and cherry plums, as this tree with a powerful root system clogs other plants. It is undesirable to place such shrubs as raspberries, gooseberries and currants (red and white) in the vicinity of cherries.
- If you want to plant blackberries or raspberries right under the peach or apricot to save space on the site, then these shrubs will delight you with a rich harvest.
- Raspberries and red currants do not get along well with each other.
- The mulberry also does not tolerate the neighborhood with other trees and shrubs, it can only "be friends" with its fellows, therefore, next to the mulberry, you can plant another mulberry seedling, only of a different variety, so as not to repeat itself.
- Sea buckthorn is a thorny plant that does not get along with other trees and shrubs. Neighborhood with walnuts is also undesirable.
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the layout of the personal plot. Dimensions 24x40 m:
Along the perimeter of the site (borders on 3 sides), you can plant fruit bushes: rose hips, raspberries, currants, sea buckthorn, or plant ornamental trees. In the upper right corner, select a place to grow garden crops, and to separate the border between the vegetable garden and the orchard, plant a row of apple trees. In the vicinity of the recreation area on the right side of the plot, fruit trees will feel great: cherry and plum, and in the shade of these trees you can put a bench to relax in the midday heat. Strawberries, strawberries, roses and other flowers can be planted on the opposite side of the plot so that these plants do not interfere with others.
By the way, roses do not tolerate being close to other plants, so try to allocate a separate place for the flower queen.
Fruit trees and shrubs do not really like the close proximity to a birch, this tree should be planted away from buildings, orchard and garden crops. A powerful root system draws maximum nutrients from the ground and takes all moisture. For the same reason, it is undesirable to plant conifers and maples nearby. If there is enough space on your site, then you can take a chance and plant a few fir trees and birches. By the way, you can plant a fern or periwinkle under the wide crown of maples.
Another feature of conifers that needs to be taken into account: spruce can acidify the soil, so ferns, calla lilies or begonia can be planted next to conifers. Such plants love acidic soils. But stone fruit trees and pome fruits, on the contrary, do not tolerate acidic soils.
If you want each plant to receive the maximum nutrients in your plant, you must take into account the compatibility rules of fruit trees in the garden, and also do not forget about the composition of the soil. If in moderately acidic soil, crops such as strawberries, apple trees, gooseberries and cherries will feel good, then for other crops a different soil composition will be needed. To get closer to the ideal and "make" the soil moderately acidic, you can bring some soil from the coniferous forest or buy peat.
Neutral soils are ideal for growing garden crops and most garden plants as well as flowers. If you love roses, peonies, chrysanthemums and carnations, you can stock up on seeds. Weakly acidic soils are suitable for growing lilies, but slightly alkaline soils will be ideal for garden crops such as cabbage, carrots and onions.
It is necessary to free the site from fallen leaves in a timely manner, since the discharge of some plants negatively affects the development of neighboring crops. So, conifers and chestnuts interfere with other trees with their secretions. The list can be supplemented: these are oak, elderberry, willow and poplar.
When choosing plants that can be planted on the site, it is necessary to take into account their compatibility with flowers and the adaptability of each plant to different types soil. So, roses and begonias will need stable watering, but irises, cornflowers and carnations can for a long time do without moisture.
Tree planting rules: