Water supply at home - how to properly supply water to a private house. Water supply at home

Choosing a wiring diagram

There are two ways to supply water to consumption points, and the choice of a water supply system in a private house with your own hands depends on the parameters of the system, as well as on the intensity of water consumption (permanent or periodic residence, the number of residents, etc.).

Serial connection

This connection is also called tee... The tap, shower and other points are connected in series. This method requires the use of fewer materials (pipes, fittings, etc.), therefore it is cheaper.

The disadvantage of a serial connection when laying a water supply system is the likelihood of a decrease in the pressure pressure at the most remote points with the simultaneous use of several points of water intake.

Manifold connection

Collector (or parallel) the connection is the organization of a collector (or two collectors - hot and cold water supply), to which lines are connected leading to each water intake point. To implement such a scheme, a larger number of pipes will be required, however, its principle of operation allows for stable pressure.

Tee and collector water distribution schemes in the house

There are additional nuances when choosing the principle of water supply. Do-it-yourself plumbing installation in a private house can be done in two ways:

• "Blind" lines ending with a dead end (stub)... Such a layout of the water supply system in the house is more economical, however, when supplying hot water, it can create some inconvenience - when you open the tap, you need to wait a certain time until the liquid reaches the plug, and only after that hot water will appear in the tap.
• Circulating closed lines more practical and more convenient, however, for the implementation of such a project, not only a larger number of pipes will be required, but also a special circulation pump.

Experts admit that the most rational is the combined option, in which the "blind" distribution of cold water is combined with a circulation line of hot water supply.

The main nodes of the circuit

The water distribution scheme in a private house, more precisely, that part of it that is responsible for supplying water to the house, consists of the following main units:

• pumping unit for a well or well,
• nipple (adapter),
• non-return valve preventing backflow of water,
• pipeline,
• filtering equipment (one or several different filters depending on the water quality),
• shut-off valves,
• hydroaccumulator,
• a five-piece (fitting) for connecting the main elements and devices (pressure gauge, pressure switch, pipes).

Elements of the plumbing system of a country house with a well

The sequence of the water supply scheme

In order to visualize how the water distribution in a private house will be done with your own hands, you can consider the course of communications from the source to the end point.

1. An individual water unit (well or well) is equipped with pumping equipment, the choice of which is carried out according to the following principles:

• for deep artesian wells, only submersible pumps can be used,
• for narrow channels and casing pipes - only surface units, including pumping stations,
• in other cases, the choice between submersible and outdoor equipment is carried out depending on the technical characteristics of specific models and operating conditions.

2. The piping that brings water to the house is usually buried underground. The depth of the trench is usually chosen taking into account the depth of soil freezing in the region. As an additional protection against freezing, communications are supplied with a heat-insulating layer.

Plumbing into the house from a well with a caisson

3. The point of entry of the pipeline into the house deserves special attention.

• Firstly, the hole for the pipe is made with a large margin - a gap of at least 150 mm on all sides. This allows you to avoid deformation and destruction of communications, if over time the wall begins to sag or deform.
• Secondly, a small section of the pipe, located between underground and protected ground communications and internal wiring in a warm room, is in the open air. This is the place where the risk of freezing of the pipeline is highest, therefore good thermal insulation is required.

4. The accumulator and control devices are installed, as a rule, in the basement, basement room or on the ground floor near the entry point of the pipeline into the house. From a purely technical point of view, it would be more correct to place such equipment at the highest point, but from the point of view of practicality and ease of use, the lower levels are more suitable. You should only take into account the need to raise water to the upper floors when setting the pressure switch.

The hydraulic accumulator is designed to stabilize the pressure in the communications and prevent frequent switching on (and, accordingly, rapid wear) of the pumping equipment.

The control and monitoring unit includes a pressure gauge, a pressure switch and a dry-running switch, which prevents air entrapment and the formation of air locks in the system when the water level in the well or well drops.

5. Filter systems are completed, depending on the need, with devices for:

• preliminary rough removal of large particles of impurities (more about main filters for water in a private house),
• fine cleaning,
• decrease in iron content,
• softening water.

After that, do-it-yourself plumbing in a private house is performed according to the selected scheme. For a collector circuit, it might look like this:

• Immediately after the accumulator, there is a tee along with a shut-off valve. The tee divides the water flow into two directions - to the house and for other needs (watering, car washing, etc.);
• A deep filter is connected;
• Next is a tee, from which the distribution of water supply pipes in a private house is divided into a pipe for cold water, which immediately goes to the cold water collector, and into a pipe through which water will go to a boiler or other water heater for heating. After heating, the water is sent to the hot water manifold.

In the photo, a diagram of the water distribution in a private house

Important: When installing water supply in a private house with your own hands according to the collector circuit, it is necessary to install shut-off valves at each point of water consumption.

Choice of pipes

Diameter of communications

When carrying out a water supply system to a private house with your own hands, the correctly selected pipe diameter will ensure efficiency at the stage of installation of the system, as well as avoid unpleasant noise when water flows through communications.

To calculate the parameters of the lines supplying water to the points of consumption, the starting point is total length of each line:

• for a branch with a length of less than 10 meters, pipes with a diameter of 16-20 mm can be used,
• for branches about 30 meters - with a diameter of 25 mm,
• for the longest lines over 30 meters, pipes with a maximum diameter of 32 mm are required.

Important: Particular attention should be paid to the selection of the collector pipe diameter. An insufficient value can cause malfunctions in the system.

The distribution of water in a private house from a collector is calculated based on the fact that each tap has a capacity of about 5 liters per minute. After that, roughly calculate how much water is taken simultaneously from all points at peak moments and choose the diameter of the collector:

• 25 mm for a flow rate of 30 l / min,
• 32 mm for 50 l,
• 38 mm for 75 hp

Pipe material

Plumbing in a private house allows you to use pipes made of various materials, each of which has its own advantages, disadvantages and operating features.

If you decide to stay with polypropylene, it will be useful for you to know how to weld polypropylene pipes.

Read more about the difference between collector and tee water supply schemes here.

Since you will need coarse water filters, we advise you to familiarize yourself with their types.

In order for the system to work flawlessly, it is important to know how to carry out a water supply system in a private house with your own hands correctly. This concept can include both the basic principles regulated by building codes and regulations, and some of the nuances and subtleties known to experienced craftsmen.

• Ideally, the pipeline should not pass through building structures, however, in practice, the creation of such a scheme is often impossible or impractical. If it is necessary to conduct communications through the wall, the pipe must be placed in a protective glass.
• Despite the fact that the owner of the house almost always wants to get the maximum free space and for this to "press" the pipeline against the wall, there must be a gap of at least 25 mm between the building structures and the communications running parallel to them for easy repair work. The tracing of the inner corner requires a distance of 40 mm and the outer corner 15 mm.
• If there are drain taps on the pipelines or the accumulator, a slight slope is made in their direction.
• The most convenient way to fix the pipeline to the walls is with special clips. You can choose single or double fixtures, the distance between them in any case should be about 2 meters.

When deciding how to make water distribution in a private house, remember that a well-executed internal water supply system has characteristic differences:

• Minimum of joints and adapters. This improves the reliability and economy of the system.
• All connections are made in strict accordance with the installation technology of this particular type of pipes.
• The presence of valves or shutoff valves in critical areas of the system and at connection points.
• The minimum number of not too reliable flexible connection sections (hose lines), which are most vulnerable to pressure drops.

Source: okanalizacii.ru

Features of the plumbing piping for a private house

Water supply and sewerage are engineering systems, the installation of which is mandatory in any private house, since their presence ensures the creation of a minimum level of comfort: the ability to take a shower, wash dishes or food, cook dinner.

At the design stage, it is important not only to correctly calculate and select pumping equipment, but also to correctly plan the connection of the source and the distribution of water supply around the house. The distribution of water supply pipes and the installation of all necessary equipment should be carried out immediately after the construction of the house. Otherwise, installation will take a significant amount of time and money.

Approximate water supply schemes for the cottage.

Plumbing connection

First of all, when designing a system, it is necessary to determine the source of the water supply. There are three options:

If there is a well on your garden plot, you can do the water supply yourself. However, this method of water intake has several disadvantages:

1. The water intake must take place continuously, otherwise the well will flood.
2. It is necessary to install a multi-level purification system, since usually the water quality does not meet the standards.
3. The resource of this source is limited, so this method is only suitable for a small house.
4. Regular cleaning and disinfection of the well is required.

In this case, a surface (if the well is a few meters from the house) or submersible pump can be used to supply water. Usually the well is used only in case of low water consumption, in most cases other sources are preferred.

The most popular way to supply water to a private house is to take water from an artesian well. The installation costs are relatively high, but the reliability of the system and the high quality of the water make up for this disadvantage.

A shallow well for a small house can be drilled manually.

Connecting to the mains is the easiest way to supply water, but it is rare. To introduce water to the site, it is enough only to obtain a permit (with recommendations for laying the pipeline) and connect the pipes.

Pipe routing diagram: collector or series

Regardless of which source of water supply was selected, the optimal piping scheme for the object is selected: sequential or collector piping of the water supply system. When designing your network, consider the following factors:

• the number of people living in the house;
• the frequency of being in the house;
• intensity of water use.

Tee (or series) piping from a heater, line or riser is carried out by connecting plumbing equipment one after another. Thus, the installation of the system takes a minimum amount of materials and time, however, this method of connection has two significant drawbacks:

1. Uneven system pressure when used by multiple users at the same time. That is, for example, when you turn on the water in the bathroom or in the kitchen, the normal water pressure will be only in the tap, which is closer to the source.
2. To repair a separate element of the system, it is necessary to completely turn off the water supply to the building.

An example of a series connection of pipes.

In the case of a manifold (or parallel) connection, the pipes to the intake points are supplied directly from the distribution manifold (individual distributors are provided for hot and cold water). Collector wiring allows all users to constantly receive a stable water pressure, regardless of the number of plumbing fixtures turned on at the same time. The main disadvantage of this method is the large number of pipes that are difficult and expensive to hide.

Collector piping on the floor.

In recent years, the combined distribution of water supply pipes has become more and more popular, in which short lines are mounted in series, and later assembled into a collector. This method is a low-cost alternative to parallel piping. Indeed, with it, much less material is required for installation, and in the event of a breakdown, it is enough to turn off the water supply of only one short branch.

Hidden and open water supply system

Plumbing can be carried out in an open or closed way. At first glance, the second option is more preferable for the following reasons:

• saving useful space;
• neat view, since all communications are protected with plasterboard or hidden in the wall.

The main thing when laying a water supply system in this way is to seal all joints as accurately as possible (and it is better to hide only whole sections of the pipeline altogether) and leave a space between the wall and the pipe to facilitate repair work.

Concealed installation of water supply and sewerage.

The main disadvantages of hidden wiring: the inability to instantly detect a leak and more complex and expensive repairs, since it becomes necessary to open (and later re-install) the facing material. The best way to avoid this is to install special doors at the locations of the valves.

Unlike hidden wiring, installed before finishing work, installation in an open way takes place after the completion of tiling or painting the walls. It will look less attractive, but in case of repair or rearrangement of plumbing equipment, all work can be done as quickly and simply as possible.

Open pipe laying.
Combined laying method.

The choice of pipes for the water supply system

The water supply system in a private house or in the country can be carried out using pipes made of various materials, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages:

1. Copper... The best material for pipes of a water supply system in all respects: it is not subject to corrosion, is not afraid of ultraviolet radiation, cannot be damaged by microorganisms, does not expand or contract due to temperature and pressure drops. The only drawback is the high price, so the routing of copper water pipes is extremely rare.

Copper pipes.

1. Metal-plastic... Aluminum pipes, protected with plastic on both sides, are an excellent alternative to copper pipes. They are not subject to corrosion and ultraviolet radiation, they bend perfectly. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting the fear of high temperatures (over 95 degrees). Therefore, if you are planning a wiring with metal-plastic pipes, find out in advance about the temperature of the supplied water (if you are connecting to the main water supply) and monitor the correct operation of the boiler. Do-it-yourself routing of metal-plastic pipes. The main thing is to connect all joints as tightly as possible. During operation, it is important to regularly check the quality of threaded connections and, if necessary, tighten them.

1. Steel... The classic version, used since the days of the USSR. Advantages of the material: strength and durability, disadvantages: the rapid appearance of rust and the complexity of installation due to the need to cut threads at all joints of elements or welding.

1. Polyethylene... Polyethylene pipes are excellent for distributing hot and cold water, as they are resistant to temperature changes and good plasticity, which greatly facilitates installation. Branches are assembled from this material by welding the elements, however, if you choose cross-linked polyethylene, installation is carried out using connecting fittings.

1. Pvc... This material is capable of entering into a chemical reaction, therefore it is not recommended for home plumbing.

1. Polypropylene... Polypropylene wiring is a budget option for laying water supply in the house. Systems made of polypropylene pipes are durable, not afraid of corrosion and are easy to install using a welding machine, which is why they are now so common.

When selecting pipes, do not forget which method of laying (sequential or collector) you have chosen, since the cost of the system largely depends on this. Pipes with the best price / quality ratio are polypropylene; when purchasing them, please note that reinforced elements must be selected for laying hot water supply.

Polypropylene pipes and fittings.

Selection of the cross-section of pipelines

Before purchasing material, select the diameter of the pipeline in all sections of the system. If it is too small, the flow rate will be high, which will lead to loud noise, if it is large, you will spend more money on the purchase, and the pipes will be more difficult to hide. The optimal speed of water movement in the system is 2 m / s.

With the tee method of laying, the diameter depends on the number of plumbing fixtures connected in series and is calculated individually for each branch. With a parallel connection, it is enough to know the length of the section:

• if the section is less than 10 meters long, the internal diameter of the pipeline should be between 16 mm and 20 mm.
• up to 30 meters - 25 mm.
• more than 30 meters - 32 mm.

When connected in series, the main parameter for the calculation is the throughput of the pipe. For example, one tap flows on average 5-6 liters of water per minute. When calculating, add up the throughput of the plumbing equipment that can be turned on at the same time, and, depending on this, select the diameter. A pipeline with a cross section of 25 mm is capable of passing 30 liters per minute, 32 mm - 50 l / min, 38 mm - 75 l / min.

Features of the water supply system

Any wiring diagram for a water supply system includes the following elements:

1. Water source (well, well or mains).
2. A pump or pumping station that supplies water to the system (electrical or mechanical).
3. A hydroaccumulator that accumulates water and creates the required pressure.
4. External and internal pipes through which water moves around the site and inside the house.
5. Shut-off valves and plumbing equipment for regulating and supplying fluid flow.

For hot water supply, it is also necessary to include a heating element - a boiler - in the system. The most economical option is a gas double-circuit boiler, which also provides heat supply to the building in winter. if the gas supply is not possible, for a bathhouse, a summer residence or a small private house, it will be enough to install an electric storage boiler.

Wiring diagram for a double-circuit boiler.

Often, to save money at the stage of installing a bathhouse or summer cottage for use only in the warm season, summer water supply is arranged, in which pipes along the street are located on the surface of the earth. The main disadvantage of this method is the need to drain water and remove pipes before the onset of cold weather. This option is only good as a temporary solution, for example, when it is possible to connect to the highway, but it takes time to agree on permits.

For summer water supply, rubber hoses can be used.

DIY plumbing installation

Before installing the water supply system yourself, read the following rules and tips:

1. Minimize the number of pipe passes through the building envelope.
2. Leave a free space (at least 2 centimeters) between walls and pipes to facilitate repair work.
3. Attach horizontal sections of the pipeline to the wall every 1-1.5 meters.
4. It is imperative to install coarse filters in front of the connection points of the washing machine and dishwasher, otherwise the devices will quickly fail.
5. The pipeline to the shower cabin must be equipped with a ball valve.
6. If a water supply device is planned for a small house, it is advisable to connect the kitchen and bathroom in parallel. Otherwise, if someone starts washing the dishes with cold water, the shower will get burns from the excessively hot water.
7. An interesting option is the horizontal routing of water pipes in the basement, followed by a rise to the points of connection of plumbing equipment. In this case, most of the communications will be hidden without additional work. This option is only suitable for one-story houses. In higher buildings, it is possible to lay some of the pipes along the ceiling.

The installation procedure depends on the type of material used. Consider the now popular pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene from the Rehau company, which can be installed not only by a master, but also by any owner of a living space who does not have special skills.

Rehau pipes.

The routing of pipes of the German brand Rehau begins with the preparation of the necessary materials and tools: pipes and fittings, an expander with nozzles for different diameters, a press clamp, a cutting tool, a tape measure and a marker.

The system is assembled according to the following scheme:

1. Cutting pipes.
2. Layout of the system with fittings on the floor.
3. Connection using special sleeves.

Fixation takes place by expanding the ends of the elements to be connected and inserting a sleeve from them. The main thing is to strictly observe the horizontality of all elements, the slightest distortion will lead to a non-tightness of the joint.

Source: znatoktepla.ru

How to properly make a plumbing in a country house?

It is difficult to call a cottage in which there is no water supply modern and comfortable for living. Walking with a bucket to a well or a column is today something from fairy tales or old grandmother's stories. Plumbing in a private house must be required. And you can do it yourself by organizing the water supply from the same well. The situation is even simpler when it is possible to connect to the village centralized network. In this case, it is enough to mount only the inner part of the water supply system.

Water supply systems

Water supply to country houses is:

In the first variant, a water supply system common to the entire village serves as a source of water. To connect a private house to it, you need to contact a resource supplying organization and get a technical specification for connection. The subsequent tie-in into the centralized pipeline will be carried out by the installers of this company, and the distribution of the water supply system in the residential building can be done independently.

Home water supply options

In the second option, water enters the house from a well, well or river. If such a water intake is done at your local area for yourself, then you will not need to obtain permits and coordinate anything with government agencies. However, all questions of the quality and compliance of the life-giving moisture entering the cottage here fall on the shoulders of the owner of the dwelling.

Plumbing system in a private house

The plumbing system of a private house consists of an external and an internal part. The first includes a street water supply from the water intake or the village network and directly a well or a well with a pump (if it is a decentralized autonomous option). The second part includes cold water supply and hot water supply pipelines located in the house, as well as filters, pumps, fittings and taps.

The outer part of the water supply system of a private house

How to develop a plumbing diagram

In order for everything to turn out right in the end, before installing the water supply system, it is necessary to carefully work out the scheme for laying it on the street and wiring in the cottage. If this project is done correctly, then this will avoid many problems during installation work and the subsequent operation of the assembled water supply system.

Private house water supply scheme

When developing such a water supply scheme, it is calculated:

• the number of water supply points in the house;
• the need and number of collectors;
• pump power and water heater capacity;
• pipe sizes;
• characteristics of valves.

Plus, the option of piping (collector or sequential) and the location of all elements of the water supply system in a private house is selected. At first glance, it is easier to install the same electrical wiring in an apartment or a ventilation system. However, there are some nuances both there and there. And with the slightest mistakes, there will be a lot of problems in all cases.

Features of the selection of pipes

Pipes for domestic water supply can be taken from plastic, steel, copper or metal-plastic. Copper is the most expensive. But the pipelines from it are not subject to corrosion and deformation during heating (cooling), and they are also not afraid of impurities in water and water hammer.

The easiest way is to mount plastic options, however, high and low temperatures are categorically contraindicated for them. It is recommended to choose plastic for laying inside the house, and select steel for the street. Steel pipes are more difficult to connect (requires welding). But they are more reliable, although they are prone to rusting.

The inner diameter of the pipes is selected based on the estimated volume of water consumption by plumbing fixtures connected to a specific section of the water supply system. In this case, a tubular product with a cross section of 25 mm inside is capable of passing about 30 l / min, and at 32 mm - about 50 l / min. Usually, these two sizes are most often chosen for installing an indoor plumbing system. If you take pipes of a smaller diameter, then they will make noise, since to increase their throughput, you will have to increase the water pressure.

Types of pipes for water supply

To conduct an external section of the water supply with your own hands, they are usually taken from a pipe with thermal insulation with a cross section of 32 mm. This pipeline will lie in the ground, so special attention should be paid to its insulation. It should not freeze over the winter.

Plumbing is installed in the cottage in seven steps:

1. Layout of piping, as well as installation sites for equipment and plumbing.
2. Making holes in the walls for pipelines to be laid.
3. Connection of pipes using fittings or welding.
4. Connection of shut-off valves.
5. Installation of a water heater (boiler) and pumps with their connection to the assembled water supply.
6. Plumbing installation.
7. Starting water and checking for leaks.

It is recommended to leave about 15–20 mm of empty space between the wall and the pipe. This will simplify later, if necessary, repairing the water supply system. Also, on each branch from the riser to the plumbing, you should put your own shut-off valve. So in an emergency, you do not have to turn off all the water in a private house, leaving households completely without it for several hours or even a couple of days.

Pumping station connection

A pump or pumping station is installed in a caisson above a well, a basement or an annex next to the well. This equipment is sensitive to severe frosts, so it should be kept in a heat-insulated, or even better in a heated place.

Otherwise, there is a risk that the water inside it and adjacent pipes will simply freeze.
It is also possible to install a submersible pump directly into the well.

However, for pressure switches and other automation, you still need some kind of insulated space in the borehole head or room in the house in order for them to work in the correct way.

Schematic diagram of connecting a pumping station

Hydroaccumulator

To ensure that the pressure in the autonomous water supply system of the cottage is always constant, a hydraulic accumulator is installed with the pump. It not only allows you to control the pressure in the taps, but also reduces the wear of the pumping equipment. The latter turns on less often. This only happens to fill the accumulator tank, and not every time the mixer valve in the kitchen is opened.

If you don't want to install a hydraulic accumulator, then you can get by with a conventional storage device of 0.5-1 cubic meters installed in the attic. Such a scheme makes it possible to do without complicated and expensive equipment. At the same time, the pressure in the taps remains fairly stable and constant.

Accumulator connection diagram

Water purification

If the water quality leaves much to be desired, then the water supply system will have to be supplemented with a water treatment system. At the very least, a coarse filter is needed. It will remove grains of sand and other large suspended particles from the water stream.

Additional filters are installed after analyzing the water for the chemical composition of the impurities present in it. With a high content of iron or calcium, some cleaning devices will be needed, and with increased rigidity, others.

Water purification scheme in a private house

How not to break the law

To connect to a centralized water supply, you will have to prepare a whole heap of documents and obtain technical specifications for the connection. Without these pieces of paper, you cannot unauthorizedly crash into the pipe. This will be revealed sooner or later, and considerable fines for arbitrariness and water consumption will follow. Here, all connection issues should be resolved exclusively through the organization controlling this water utility.

Types of water sources for a private house

With a well and a well, the situation is radically different. Collecting papers with permits is not required here. Such a water intake can be organized at your site at any time. Moreover, it is not even necessary to invite specialists to dig a well. If you know exactly at what depth the water lies, then getting to the bottom of it with your own hands if you have the skills to handle a shovel and follow simple rules will not be difficult.

Water supply connection diagram of a private house with artesian water

The only restriction on the well is if it is made deep artesian. In this case, no permission is needed. Such a water intake requires approval from government agencies. This plumbing in a private house can be done as you like without the control of the authorities. This will not work with an artesian well.

Conclusion

Almost any owner can handle the installation of a water supply system in his home. Problems may arise only with the connection to the water supply central of the village located on the street. Permits are required here, you have to walk around the authorities. Otherwise, there shouldn't be any special difficulties with piping around the cottage and drilling a well.

See also a video on how to avoid mistakes when laying a water supply system in a house:

Source: sdelat-dom.ru

How to lay water pipes in the country and in a private house correctly: Step-by-step instructions + Video

Plumbing in any home, including in Water is needed for almost everything: for drinking and housekeeping, for the kitchen, bathroom and toilet, for watering plants and much more.

Even in deep wilderness, the comfort level of the most unpretentious village hut will increase tremendously if a water supply is installed in it.

We will not say that this is a trifling matter, especially if the house has long been inhabited, and is not in the planning stage. Nevertheless, many works can be done by yourself, without the help of specialists and hired workers. Water for bringing to a private house can be taken from a well, from a well, from a nearby reservoir, or by connecting to a centralized system.

Plumbing diagram

There is no need to neglect such an important thing as the scheme of the future water supply system. There is no need to look for excuses: just bring the pipe into the house, into the bathroom and into the kitchen. Once you have definitely decided for yourself that water in the house is absolutely necessary, draw a detailed diagram of its laying.

It should be understandable, taking into account all additional components: boiler, sediment, filters, collectors, consumption points.

All this must be noted on your plan, and, of course, the path of the pipe along the structure. The distances shown on the figure will help you calculate the number of pipes required for work in advance.

Plumbing in a house can be done in different ways:

• Using a manifold connection;
• Serial connection of each consumption point.

Consistent

This type of connection is suitable for a very small house with low water consumption and a small number of residents (1-2 people). For large cottages with a large number of permanent residents, using this method is unlikely to be a good idea.

Its essence lies in the fact that a tee with a branch is installed near each consumption point in the dwelling, which is connected to the main pipeline that runs through the entire house. If you use water at the same time at different points, the pressure at the most distant one will greatly decrease, making it difficult to use.

Collector

This type of connection is as follows: a separate pipe is drawn from the common collector to each consumption point. Due to this, at each point of water consumption, its pressure will be constant and sufficient. Some pressure losses inside the system will take place, but they are not fundamental, since they are associated with the remoteness of the consumer from the pumping station.

But the convenience and comfort are worth it, aren't they? Below we will talk about the collector method.

The water supply scheme for a country house necessarily contains the following components:

• Water intake point.
• Pumping station. A pipe in the ground connects the intake to the pump. It is equipped with a non-return valve to prevent water from flowing back.
• Hydroaccumulator.
• It is advisable to install a tee with a tap after the accumulator: one of its pipes will be diverted for domestic needs, the second will go for technical (gardening work, garage).
• The domestic pipe (household) must be connected to a special system where the water will be purified and disinfected.
• Next, a tee is set up, with the help of which the water will be divided into hot and cold.
• The hot pipe is connected to a powerful water heater (do not forget about pipe insulation).
• The cold pipe is connected to a similar collector. Shut-off valves are installed on each line going to the point of consumption.
• From the boiler, the "hot" pipe with water is connected to the corresponding collector, and from it the pipes go all over the house.

The water supply system may include some other additional components, but the connection sequence and its circuit itself cannot be changed.

Water pipes in a private house

If we talk about the nature of the work required to lay a water supply in the house, then the most "dirty" and difficult of them will be making the necessary holes on the floor and in the walls of the building.

The rest of the activities, including cutting pipes and their reliable connection, connecting to the collector and consumers, arranging the pump and filtering systems, despite the volume and significant time costs, will not require a colossal application of physical forces.

Plumbing pipes for the home: choice of material

First of all, at the very beginning, you will have to decide on the pipes: what, from what material are suitable in a particular case?

Copper

They are the most expensive and are considered the best.

They are not afraid of UFO (ultraviolet radiation), corrosion, do not lend themselves to microorganisms, withstand an increase in pressure, do not react to sudden changes in the environment, quickly give off heat, do not deteriorate from harmful impurities contained in the water.

We can say that they embodied all the best that is required from this type of materials.

That's just the price ...

She's really tall.

Reinforced plastic

They are made of aluminum, inside and outside, on both sides, protected with dense polyethylene.

The exceptionally smooth plastic surface prevents build-up of deposits and prevents rust from forming.

The plastic layer on the outside protects against condensation and ultraviolet radiation. Such pipes have disadvantages. They can deform at t above 95 °, they can burst from freezing water in them, products with fittings are prohibited from bending.

Steel

A reliable, time-tested option.

Steel pipes are known for their strength, reliability, durability, but ...

Unfortunately, without proper care, they are susceptible to rust.

Additional troubles lie ahead with them.

To install a water supply system in a frame house, the pipes must be welded, or each individual element will have to be threaded for subsequent connection.

Polypropylene

Perhaps, it is they who have recently been very actively used to equip the water supply system in the house.

Such popularity is due to their remarkable performance characteristics.

They can serve up to 50 years, are quite easy to install, their joints do not need frequent revisions, so you can remove them under a layer of plaster.

Do not forget about the minus, if you can call it that: you need a special electric welding unit to weld pipes.

Plumbing in the house: choosing the diameter of the pipes

For the high-quality functioning of the water supply system, not only the material of the pipes is important, but also their diameter. The fact is that too small can cause turbulence in the flow, due to which the contents will move through pipes with a lot of noise. Simply put, the water pipe hums.

Lime deposits will accumulate on its inner walls. The maximum speed of water flow in the pipe should be no more than 2 m / s. In accordance with this, the diameter of the pipes is determined.

To determine its value, simple calculations are made according to the specified parameters. If there are many tenants in the house, and there are few places for water intake, situations may arise when all of them will be involved at the same time. The consumption of all points must be added, and the size of the collector will depend on this indicator.

Laying of water pipes

After completing the pipe connection, you can start laying them in the house. It is more convenient to start from the consumer. The pipe is connected to it by means of an adapter. A ball valve is mounted between it and the tap hose (it is useful for shutting off the water if necessary). Then the pipe goes in the direction of the collector.

It is important to follow these simple rules:

• If possible, it is best to prevent pipes from passing through walls and partitions. If this is not possible, then the pipe passing through the wall must be placed in a glass.
• To facilitate potential repair work, the pipes should be placed not close to the walls, but at a distance of 2-2.5 cm.
• The installation of the crane is carried out in such a way that a slight slope is observed towards the crane.
• The pipes are attached to the walls with special clips, the distance between them is 1.5-2 meters. Particular attention is paid to corner joints.
• To bypass the inner corner, the pipe is mounted at a distance of 3-4 cm, outer 1.5 cm.
• If you need to connect polypropylene pipes at a right angle, use tees of the required diameters - fittings.

When connecting the pipe to the main manifold, an indispensable shut-off valve is installed. It will allow, if necessary, to disconnect the system from the consumer. This may be required, for example, for repairs.

Pumping station connection

The supply of a private house with water is carried out using a pumping station. She pumps water from a well, borehole or other source. It is convenient to locate the pumping station in the basement of the house, in a warm technical room or in the basement. This arrangement will allow you to use your home in the house even in severe frost, because the pumping station is protected from freezing. The street part of the water supply system in the frame house must be insulated.

A pipe is supplied from the water intake to the pumping system, the tip of which is a brass fitting with a 32 mm adapter. A tee with a tap is connected to it, which allows you to turn off the water supply. Next, a check valve is mounted. A special 90 ° angle is used to rotate the pipe. Further, all elements will be connected by means of "American" - quick connection.

Hydroaccumulator

This device is a sealed tank consisting of two sections. In one part of it there is air under pressure, in the other there is water.

This unit is needed to ensure constant pressure in the water supply system, as well as to turn on and off the pump if necessary.

The tank can have a different volume, from a minimum of 25 liters to half a ton, and is selected based on the needs of the residents.

The device of a water supply system by a private trader does not imply the indispensable installation of a hydraulic accumulator. It will be completely replaced by a sufficiently capacious tank for storing water.

Collector and boiler: device

After filtration, the water is separated into different streams. One goes to the cold water collector, the other to the water heater. Shut-off valves with a tap are an indispensable attribute installed in front of the manifold, as well as on each pipe in it. The number and diameter of pipes depend on the number of water consumption points in the dwelling.

Boiler connection diagram

But without hot water, the supply system would be incomplete. A safety valve, a drain cock and an expansion tank are mounted on the pipe leading to the heater. At the outlet of the heater, the pipe is also equipped with a drain valve. Then it is connected to the "hot" collector, and from it the wiring is carried out to the required points.

On this, the arrangement of the water supply system in a private house can be considered complete. Before starting work, you should check the system: its tightness and performance. If everything is in order, then you can start operation.

Do you want to provide water supply to your country house on your own? Agree that doing these works with your own hands is a completely feasible task if you know the nuances of the water supply system.

We will help you figure out the subtleties and basic rules - in this article we will talk about how to equip a water supply system in a private house with your own hands. Where to start and how to properly carry out all the work.

For a better understanding of the process, we have selected illustrative photos and water supply diagrams. The article is also supplemented with useful video recommendations on the rules for water supply and advice on installing the system input nodes in a country house.

Regardless of whether the water supply is installed in an inhabited building or is laid during the construction of a new one, its design and installation must be approached very responsibly.

First of all, you need to decide on a source for water supply. You need to know that, according to the norms, the water supply system must provide water to each of those living in the house, based on the calculation of 30-50 liters per day per person.

When arranging a bathroom and sewerage, the calculated indicator triples. For watering the garden and green spaces, it is assumed that water consumption is at least 5 liters per square meter. meter.

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The main disadvantage of the first option is the susceptibility to corrosion. Copper pipes have many advantages, but they are very expensive.

An important point is the choice of the diameter of the parts. It is carried out based on the length of a specific section of the pipeline.

For lines over 30 m long, parts with a diameter of 32 mm are chosen, pipelines shorter than 10 m are assembled from elements with a cross section of 20 mm. Medium-length lines are assembled from pipes with a diameter of 25 mm.

Image gallery

It was already mentioned above that a pumping station or a pressure tank can be used to provide the building with a sufficient amount of water. Using the second option is rather troublesome. As practice shows, most homeowners choose a pumping station.

The device pumps water from a well, less often from a well. This equipment is sensitive to low temperatures and is therefore placed in a basement, basement or heated technical room.

True, in this case, the noise from a running pump can disturb the residents. In some cases, the equipment is placed in a specially equipped caisson that covers it.

A pumping station is a set of equipment that ensures full pumping of water from a well or from a well.

Work on connecting the pumping station is generally carried out as follows. A pipe is connected from the source to the equipment, onto which a brass fitting equipped with an adapter with a diameter of 32 mm is put on.

A tee equipped with a drain valve is connected to it. This will make it possible, if necessary, to turn off the water supply. A check valve is connected to the tee. The device will prevent water from returning to the well.

It may be necessary to turn the line to guide the pipe to the pumping station. If so, a special corner is used. All subsequent elements are connected using the so-called "American".

First, a shut-off ball valve is connected, which turns off the water supply if necessary. Then a coarse filter is installed, which will protect the device from the ingress of impurities.

The pumping station can be installed in an insulated caisson above the head of the well, or it can be mounted in a house, in any heated room.

After that, the pumping station is connected. There is a nuance here. The equipment involves the installation of a damper tank and. If the pump is in the well, and all other equipment is located in the house, then the pressure switch is installed over the pipe.

A damper tank is mounted below. After that, the dry-running sensor is connected. It will not allow the pump to work without water, it will save it from damage.

The last connection element is an adapter for a pipe with a diameter of 25 mm. After all the parts are installed, it is recommended to check the quality of the work performed. To do this, start the pump and let it run for a while.

If the equipment pumps water properly, then everything is fine and you can continue to work. If not, you need to find the cause and eliminate it.

In this publication, we will talk about the water supply of a private house. The systems that exist today will be reviewed, including a comparison of the centralized and autonomous type. In addition, in the article we will consider the pros and cons of water supply through water intake from open sources, a well, as well as a well (the main aspects of well drilling will be touched upon). To make the material as complete as possible, in each of the chapters we will also talk about the equipment that is needed to ensure the water supply at home.

In general, the water supply of a private house can be divided into two types:

1. Autonomous: well (artesian, on sand), well and water intake from an open source (lake, river).
2. Centralized.

To organize water supply at home on your own, you can use one of three options:

• Well drilling.
• Digging a well.
• Water intake from external sources.

Let's consider each of these options in more detail.

There are two types of wells:

1. Well on the sand. Usually its depth does not exceed forty meters. This option is something between an artesian well and a well. When drilling into sand, only the upper layers of the soil are affected, called in the language of specialists "sandy horizon". The positive factors of such wells include the following points:

• Low terms of arrangement.
• Relatively low turnkey cost.
• Drilling a well on sand does not require registration and licensing, unlike artesian.
• Water quality is much better than well water. Surface waters are isolated by a clay layer.

However, the disadvantages, as usual, are indispensable. Negative qualities include such moments as:

• Low well life, which varies from three to seven years. For example, the service life of an artesian well exceeds 50 years.
• Small supply of water in comparison with the same artesian. In the first case, the average is 500 liters, while in the second, the water supply is unlimited. In addition, this figure is lower than that of a well (well stock is ~ 1200 liters).
• Irregular water level (off-season fluctuation).

It should be noted that a sand well will cost you less (when compared with an artesian one) due to its shallow depth. In addition, in this case, there is savings due to the absence of the need to install additional equipment for water supply - it is enough to equip the well with a pump, the power of which is enough to lift water from a depth of 20 meters.

2. Artesian well. Its depth can reach 135 meters. As a rule, this is the most reliable water supply for a private house. The water comes from the depths of the limestone horizons and is of incredible quality. The advantages of an artesian well include the following factors:

• Excellent quality of water and its unlimited supply (unlike a sand well and a well, where the amount of water is limited).
• No need for additional equipment for water supply - it is constantly under pressure in the well.
• The possibility of surface and waste water getting into the well is completely excluded.
• The service life of an artesian well is quite long - more than fifty years.
• However, this option also has certain disadvantages. So, the following points can be attributed to the negative factors of an artesian well:
• It is necessary to install a special filter for deferrization and water softening. This is due to the fact that its hardness often exceeds the permissible 7 mg-eq / l.
• It is obligatory to have a license for the arrangement of an artesian well (note that this condition is relevant only for Russia, while it is not needed outside of Ukraine).
• The high cost of drilling, when compared with the same device of a well or a borehole on the sand.

It should be noted that in addition to the drilling process, the cost of some equipment that will be needed during its operation must also be added to the cost of arranging an artesian well:

• Hydroaccumulator (a short list of them, cost and characteristics can be found in table-1).
• Caisson (cost for Russia from 15,000 rubles, for Ukraine from 425 hryvnia).
• Pump. Its cost will directly depend on the technical qualities. On average, in Russia, the price of such equipment can vary from 2,000 to 40,000 rubles, on the territory of Ukraine from 450 to 8800 hryvnias. We add that you should not buy a pump in advance, because after drilling the well, you will be provided with a document with its characteristics. In the future, based on these characteristics, you can choose the most optimal pump option that will ensure uninterrupted and high-quality water supply from the well.

Which water supply system at home will be the most optimal? In the event that the main water consumption is planned for cooking and watering plants in the garden, you can get by with a well for the sand - its supply is quite enough for these needs. If, in addition to the above, the house has a shower, a bathtub and a dishwasher, and the number of people living in it exceeds three people, then in such a situation it is better to choose an artesian well. Otherwise, you simply will not have enough water supply in the well for the sand. In table-2 you can see a short comparison of both types of wells.

To date, water supply to a country house from a well does not require any licenses or permits. The owner of the site only needs to register it by going through the formal procedure of state registration (according to Article 25 "State registration of ownership of the property being built").

By type, wells can be divided into three categories:

1. Consisting of small-piece materials. As a rule, the shafts of such wells are equipped with red baked bricks, stones or concrete blocks. The work process itself is quite laborious. Considering the fact that it is unrealistic to execute the mine in a lowering manner (as is the case with wells made of reinforced concrete rings), such structures are most often made to a shallow depth (up to three meters).
2. Wooden wells. Their mines are mostly made of logs, whose diameter varies between 12-18 centimeters. At the same time, the wood species for these purposes must be resistant to the aquatic environment and have a dense structural structure. Given this, trees such as larch, pine, and also oak are suitable for the role of consumable material.
3. Wells made of reinforced concrete rings. This option is the most popular because it is quite effective. The rings themselves can be purchased at the enterprise or cast on their own. It should be noted that the water supply of a private house with their own hands through wells made of reinforced concrete rings has a number of advantages, the main of which are a long period of operation (more than 50 years), reliability and ease of arrangement, as well as sufficient depth to which they can lay (up to 20 meters).

The general benefits of wells include the following:

• Long service life.
• No need to draw up documents permitting the arrangement of a well on the site.
• Convenience in disinfection and cleaning of the well, which is achieved due to the sufficient diameter of the rings (90-120 cm). For example, the diameter of the wells is 80-225 mm, which complicates the process of cleaning them.
• Pure water. It enters the house without tastes and rust, which the central water supply system cannot boast of.
• The cost of the construction is much lower than the cost of the well construction.
• No monthly payment for water use.

The disadvantages of wells include such points as:

• The need for frequent cleaning. This should be done at least twice a year.
• There is a possibility of surface water entering the mine. This is due to the shallow depth. As a result, the quality of the water decreases markedly.
• Wells are characterized by off-season fluctuations in water level.
• The physical costs of digging are enormous - this is a manual process.
• The need for an additional reservoir for water storage, as well as a hydraulic accumulator. It will come in handy if the power supply stops or due to other factors that prevent the water supply to the house in normal mode.
• The well should be located away from possible sources of pollution at a minimum distance of 50 meters. These sources include sewerage, manure storage, and so on. Otherwise, if sewage enters the well, it will become unsuitable for supplying water to the house for food purposes.

The cost of arranging a well can depend on many factors. In addition, you need to consider whether you will dig it yourself or hire a team of workers for these purposes. Some prices can be seen in table-3.

Having decided to organize your own water supply at home according to a given type, you should prepare for serious difficulties in order to make the water suitable for cooking and drinking. In such a situation, you have to perform a number of works to create a protected area at the point of water intake (SanPiN 2.1.4.027-95 "Territories of sanitary protection of drinking water pipelines and water supply sources").

For example, on the river it is necessary to mark the border of the first belt of the san territory. protection (ZSO) at the point of water intake:

• Downstream from the point of water intake to the boundary of the WSS belt, it is necessary to maintain a distance of at least 100 meters, and upstream - at least two hundred meters.
• The water intake depth must exceed 2.5 meters.

For example, you can see what the water supply scheme for a house looks like through a water intake in image 1.

Explanation of designations: A - water intake, B - pumping station supplying water to the water supply system; 1 - pump, 2 - pipe, 3 - trench, 4 - water intake walls, 5 - suction compartment, 6 - water intake, 7 - lattice windows for water supply to the receiver, 8 - zone with a protective cap, 9 - movable metal walls.

As can be seen from the diagram, the volume of work on water intake from open sources is quite large. If we compare the financial costs, just to organize a water supply system and a water intake, you will have to spend more than 80,000 rubles, which is comparable to the costs of arranging an artillery well. Only in the second case, the water will be of better quality than in the first.

Taking into account the complexity of water purification work, water intake from an open source is mainly used for irrigation purposes. If this is enough for you, then you will need the following equipment:

• Pump type "Trickle" or "Kid" (any other pump of the same type will do).
• The hose through which water will be transferred from the pump to the storage tank.

To avoid submersion of the pump to the bottom, it is possible to mount a limiting bar on it, which will serve as a kind of float. This way you can avoid getting sand and silt into it.

The calculation of the funds required in order to organize the water supply of the house for irrigation will look like this:

• Pump (from two thousand rubles).
• Watering hose (from 20 rubles per running meter).
• Storage tanks (prices are individual).
• Chain or cable (from 70 rubles per running meter).

Centralized water supply of a country house

This option is the most practical and widespread. Everything that needs to be done by the owner of the site in this case can be divided into two stages:

1. Obtaining permission, according to which the house can be connected to a centralized water supply. To do this, you will need to contact the organization responsible for the operation and maintenance of the central water supply system at the place of residence.
2. Obtaining technical specifications for connecting a water supply line leading to your house (issued by the same organization). In the technical conditions, the place and diagram of the pipe connection to the water supply system leading to your house is displayed. In addition, they indicate the required depth, in accordance with which it is necessary to lay the branch pipe. Also, the document indicates the guaranteed water pressure head and other conditions with the calculation of all costs required for the water supply.

The clear advantages of centralized water supply at home include the following points:

• The site owner does not need to drill a well or dig a well.
• Water consumption is unlimited (however, it is charged).
• Vodokanal or UVKH is fully responsible for the maintenance of the water supply system (pipeline condition, pressure and water quality).
• Constant water supply. Even if the electricity in your area is cut off, the water will not stop flowing.
• Storage tanks and other equipment (such as a pump) are optional.

Despite all these advantages, this water supply option has some disadvantages:

• Disinfection of water at central water intake stations is carried out using chlorine. This leads to the fact that the water has an unpleasant odor, and its quality is noticeably reduced.
• There will be rust in the water, even if the entire pipeline to the point of insertion into the main pipe is made of stainless steel or metal-plastic. This is due to the fact that rust is initially present in the pipes of the centralized water supply system.
• The need for a monthly payment for the use of water. The size of the board is calculated based on the meter readings.
• Despite the independent operation of the system from the electricity supply, in case of accidents on the water supply system, the water supply may be interrupted.

You can see the approximate cost of connecting to the central water supply system in table-4. On our own note, prices may vary depending on your region of residence, as well as the amount of work performed.

In conclusion, it should be noted that in the private sector it is not always possible to connect the house to the central system. In such a situation, you will have to use an autonomous water supply. Which option will be the most optimal for your goals, you choose. We have tried to reveal the topic of providing houses with water in as much detail as possible.

This article will consider the water supply of a country house. We will focus on various types of water supply systems for a country house. Let's compare autonomous water supply at home and centralized water supply. Here are the pros and cons of water supply to a country house from a well (drilling a well), a well and water intake from open sources. Also, in each section, the necessary equipment for water supply will be listed.

The issue of water supply to a private house

There are two ways to solve the issue of the water supply system of a private house:

Centralized water supply.

1. Autonomous (individual) water supply:

• well (for sand, artesian);

  water intake from open water sources (river, lake).

Centralized water supply at home

Connecting to a central water supply network is one of the most convenient ways to solve the issue of water supply in a country house.

This requires:

• obtain permission to connect your house to the central water supply from the organization at your place of residence, which is responsible for the maintenance and operation of central water supply systems;

• in the same department you will be given technical conditions for connecting the water supply branch to your house.

Note: in the technical conditions, a place will be determined and a diagram will be drawn for connecting the water supply pipe to your house, the required depth to which the water supply pipe must be buried will also be indicated, the water pressure is indicated, which guarantees the UVKH and other conditions with the estimated cost estimate for laying the water supply.

What are the advantages of this method of water supply to a private house:

• when choosing this method, there is no need to drill a well, build a well on the site of the house;

• maintenance of the water supply system (water quality, condition of pipes, water pressure) will be fully controlled by UVKH or Vodokanal;

• unlimited water consumption;

• in the event of a power outage in your area, the water in the tap will not stop flowing, and the construction of storage tanks or the installation of a hydraulic accumulator is also not required.

But this method of water supply also has disadvantages:

• even if the branch of your water supply system is made of PVC or stainless steel pipes, then all the same, there will be rust in the water, which is in the pipes of the central water supply;

• basically, disinfection of water at central water intake stations occurs using chlorine, which means that chlorine will be present in the water entering your home, which significantly reduces the quality of water;

• also for many reasons (an accident in any section of the water supply system, routine maintenance, etc.), water can temporarily stop its flow to your house, which creates some discomfort. Unfortunately, cases of a water pipe break are not uncommon, since in many regions water pipelines have been in operation for a long time and, due to poor funding, overhaul of the central water supply sections is not carried out regularly or is not carried out at all;

• it is required to pay a monthly fee for the use of water (payment is made according to the data of the meter for monitoring the water consumption).

Table 1. Estimated cost of connection to the centralized water supply system

Note: prices for each region may be different, and the cost of a water supply system will depend on the volume of work performed.

But it is not always possible to connect to the central water supply in the private sector. In this case, do not be upset - there is a second way of water supply to a private house, which you can resort to in this case.

Autonomous water supply at home

There are several options for an autonomous water supply device for a private house:

• digging a well,

• drilling of the wells,

• water intake from surface water sources.

Note: if the water level in a well or borehole "on the sand" in the summer period decreases and water reserves are not enough for irrigating garden plants, and there is no open reservoir nearby, then you can install water tanks in the yard, which can be imported under a special agreement equipment designed for the transport of water.

Well

Well in a private house

For the construction of a well on your land plot, you do not need to obtain a special permit (the basis of the "Subsoil Law" Art. 19), you only need to issue its state registration (the basis "State registration of ownership of the created real estate object" Art. 25).

Wooden wells

The mines of such wells are arranged mainly from logs with a diameter of 12 to 18 cm, while the logs should be of wood species that have a dense structure of the trunk structure and are resistant to a humid environment - this is oak, larch, as well as pine.

Wells made of small-piece materials

The shafts of such wells are made of burnt red bricks, concrete blocks, stones. The construction of wells from such materials is a laborious process, and since a well shaft from small-piece materials cannot be made using a downward method, such as from reinforced concrete rings, such wells are made mainly on a small bed of water - up to 3 meters.

Wells made of reinforced concrete rings

Arrangement of a well shaft made of reinforced concrete rings is the most effective and widespread method of constructing wells. Reinforced concrete rings can be bought or cast by yourself. This method of constructing a well has a number of advantages over other methods of constructing wells - it is a long service life of the rings (more than 50 years), the simplicity and reliability of the device, as well as the depth of such wells can reach up to 20 m.

The advantages of wells as a water supply option for a private house:

• you do not need to draw up documents for the construction of a well on your land plot;

• the service life of the well is at least 50 years;

• it is convenient to clean and disinfect the well due to the relatively large diameter of the rings from 90 cm to 120 cm (for wells, for example, the diameter of the shaft is from 78 to 225 mm);

• there is no need to pay a monthly fee for the use of water;

• the cost of the well construction is lower than the cost of the well construction;

• the water from the well enters the house clean - no rust, no taste of chlorine (unlike the central water supply system).

But wells also have disadvantages.:

• due to the relatively shallow depth of up to 15 m (at wells up to 135 m), surface water can enter the well shaft, which reduces the quality of the water;

• digging of wells is carried out manually, which requires large physical costs;

• the well must be located at a distance of at least 50 meters from possible sources of pollution (manure storages, sewers, etc.), since the ingress of sewage into the well can make the water unsuitable for drinking or cooking;

• the well must be cleaned at least twice a year;

• off-season fluctuations in the water level in the well;

• it is necessary to have a reservoir for storing water or a hydraulic accumulator, in case of a lack of electricity or other reasons why the use of water from the well will be impossible for a certain period of time.

Well device cost

Table 2. Cost of construction of a well

The cost of building a well depends on the materials you choose and whether you will be digging the well yourself or hiring a team of workers.

Note: you can find out detailed information about the device of the well from the article

Well drilling

Wells can be divided into two kinds:

Sand hole diagram

Well "on the sand" up to 40 m deep

Choosing a well for your site for water supply at home

When you need to choose a well "on the sand"

If you need a supply of water only for watering plants in the garden, for cooking, and you do not intend to do a shower, bath or pool in the house in the future, then a well "on the sand" is quite suitable for you. The water supply in such a well will average 300-500 liters.

When to choose an artesian well

If the house has a bath (shower), a dishwasher and more than three people live in the house, then in this case, at the peak of water consumption, it can be up to 2 m3 per hour - in such cases it is best to make an artesian well.

Table 3. Comparison of wells

Note: a well "on the sand" is cheaper due to the shallowest drilling depth in relation to an artesian well and does not require the installation of special equipment for lifting water, it is enough to install a pump in the well that will raise water from a depth of up to 20 meters.

In addition to drilling, it is necessary to add the cost of equipment for water supply of a country house from a well to the cost of an artesian well:

• caisson (for Ukraine - from 3500 UAH (421.5 $); for the Russian Federation - (from 14000 rubles / 390 $));

Caisson

• hydroaccumulator;

Table 4. A short list of accumulators, their characteristics and cost

• pump (the price of a pump depends on its technical characteristics - for Ukraine from UAH 450 ($ 55) to UAH 8750 ($ 1055); for the Russian Federation - from RUB 1800 ($ 50) to RUB 35000 ($ 970)).

You should not buy a pump for a well earlier, after the completion of drilling the well, you will be provided with a passport with the characteristics of the well, and on the basis of these characteristics you will be able to purchase a pump that will have optimal technical characteristics for high-quality and uninterrupted operation of lifting and supplying water from the well to House.

Water intake from open sources (river, lake)

If you intend to use the water from open water sources for drinking and cooking, then the water supply by the water intake requires a large amount of work to create sanitary protection zones for the water intake point ("Sanitary protection zones for water supply sources and drinking water pipelines" SanPiN 2.1.4.027-95 )

For example, it is necessary to establish the border of the first belt of the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) on the river at the point of water intake:

• upstream, the distance from the intake point to the boundary of the WSS belt should be at least 200 m and 100 m downstream;

• the depth at the water intake site must be at least 2.5 meters.

Diagram of a water intake device from an open source of water

A- water intake, B- pumping station for supplying water to the water supply system.

1-pump, 2-water pipes, 3-trench, 4-walls of the water intake, 5-suction compartment, 6-water intake, 7-windows with gratings for water intake into the water intake, 8-platform with a protective cap, 9-metal retractable mesh.

Based on what you see in the diagram, you can already imagine the amount of work you will have to face when installing such a water supply system. The cost part for the installation of a water intake and a water supply system will be approximately equal to the cost of an artillery well (Ukraine - about more than UAH 20,000 ($ 2,400); RF -80,000 rubles ($ 2,300)), but the water quality will be lower than in the well.

So basically, most of the owners of private houses, if they use water from open water sources, it is only for technical purposes or for irrigation of plantings on their land plot.

To take water from a reservoir for watering plants, you will need:

• a pump of the "Kid" or "Trickle" type (another pump of the same type is also possible);

• a hose for supplying water from the pump to the storage tank (barrel, tank);

• you can also make a small floor that goes into the water, for the convenience of immersing the pump on a deeper section of the reservoir.

Note: so that the pump does not sink to the very bottom and sludge or sand does not get into it during operation, the pump can be installed on a limit bar made of unsinkable material.

Water intake plan on the ground

Calculation of the cost of water supply for irrigation of garden plants from an open water source:

• pump from 500 UAH (60.2 $) / from 2000 rubles (55 $);

• watering hose from 5 UAH for 1 r.m. (0.6 $) / from 20 rubles per 1 m (0.56 $);

• cable (or chain) from UAH 16.5 per 1 running meter ($ 2) / from 65 rubles per 1 meter ($ 1.8);

• tanks for water storage (prices are negotiable).

The article discusses water supply options for a private house, you just have to make your choice, which option suits you, based on the data provided and the possibilities of using one of the water supply options in the region of your residence.

Attention: Prices are valid for 2009.