Unusual varieties of multi-colored carrots. Characteristic of red carrots

Lecture number 7. Color. Color perception

Since a long time, color theorists developed their ideas and understanding of color interaction. The first attempts on the systematization of views were undertaken during the lifetime of Aristotle (384-322 BC), but the most serious surveys in the theory of color began at Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). Leonardo noticed that certain colors enhance each other and opened contrasting (opposite) and additional colors.

The first color circle was invented by Isaac Newton (1642-1727). He divided white light beam on the rays of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue and purple, and then joined the ends of the spectrum in the color circle. He noticed that when mixed two colors from opposite positions, a neutral color is obtained.

Thomas Young (1773-1829) proved that in reality the white light ray decomposes only three spectral colors: red, green and blue. These three colors are originally. Based on his work, the German physiologist German Helmgolts (1821-1894) showed that the human eye perceives the color as a combination of red, green and blue light waves. This theory proved that our brain "breaks" the color of each subject to various percentage content in it red, green and blue, and precisely because of this we perceive various colors in different ways.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832) divided colors into two groups. It turned on warm colors (red-orange-yellow) into a positive group, and cold colors (green-blue-purple) - in negative. He found that the colors of the positive group cause the spectators a mental lift, and the colors of the negative group are associated with a feeling of unauthorizedness.

Wilhelm Ostvald (1853-1932), the Russian-German chemist, in his book "ABC of Color" (1916) developed a system of color depending on psychological harmony and order.

ITTEN YOGANS (1888-1967), color theorist from Switzerland, developed color gamuts and modified the color circle that was based on three main colors - red, yellow and blue, and turned on twelve shades. In his experiments, the relationship between color and visual effects was investigated.

In 1936, the American artist Albert Mansell (1858-1918) created a new universal color model. She got the name "Mansell Tree", where shades are located along the branches of various lengths in the order of their saturation. Mansell's work was adopted in the American industry for the standard for the name of flowers.

Color harmony

A successful combination of colors can be designated as "Color Harmony". Regardless of whether they consist of similar colors that give a softer perception by the eye, or from contrasting colors that attract attention, harmonious color combinations are a personal taste. The practice of art and design puts the color theory, the principles of using color that make it possible to make a decision regarding the choice of one or another color.

The color causes an emotional and physical response, however the nature of the response can be changed by placing the source color in combination with one or more colors. Color combinations can be varied to create combinations that are related or contrasting, and thus influence the audience impressions.

Basic concepts

Commentary colors (optional)

Colors are located opposite each other in the color circle. They give the most contrasting combination. The use of two opposing colors will lead to visual vibration and view exciting.

Close colors + complimentary (contrast)

One color is accompanied by two colors located in the nearest neighborhood from the color, which is opposite the main one. Mitigation of contrast leads to the emergence of intricate color factories.

Dual complimentary colors

Represent a combination of two pairs of complimentary colors. Since the colors participating in this combination increase the explicit intensity of each of them, then some pairs can be unpleasant to the eye. When using 4 colors, avoid color spots of the same area.

Close colors

These are combinations of two or more colors located in the immediate neighborhood in the color circle. They possess a similar wavelength, which makes them easy to perceive.

Triatic colors

This is a combination of three any colors that are evenly located on the color circle. Primary colors triads perceived more sharply, secondary and tertiary triads give a softer contrast.

Monochromatic colors

This color schemes composed of shades of one color. Use one color, explore the diversity of saturation and transparency.

Groups of flowers

Chromatic colors - These are colors and their shades that we differ in the spectrum. They differ from each other in three signs: color tone, saturation, and brightness.

Saturation - This is the intensity of color. So, red is more saturated compared to reddish brown. Of the existing colors in nature, spectral is the most saturated.

Bright Call colors that are distinguished by very large saturation and sufficient light. Bright colors included in the group full color.

Light Call colors with low saturation and large brightness.

The greatest percentage of light reflects the white surfaces, hence white and close to it are the brightest and most bright.

Achromatic colors Different one from another only brightness. Between the brightest (white) and the most dark (black) there are many shades of gray.

Achromatic colors are characterized by brightness or light, which is given by the amount of light energy, passed or radiated items.

Quality color

Own color quality, these are the qualities that are objectively inherent (color, tone, lightlot, saturation). The degree of perception of the object, relief, the volume and emotional mood of the composition depends on saturation.

Color tone - Sign of color, determined by its dominant wavelength and position in the visible spectrum, which distinguishes it from other colors.

Saturation - relative purity or shade of shade, or its freedom from white, black or gray. This is a synonym for intensity and saturation.

Various saturation

Color tone and saturation are high-quality color characteristics, and its quantitative side characterizes lightlotes (tensions) of color. The slightest change in one of the three magnitudes entails a color change.

Various brightness

Chromatic colors, which in optical mixing give a achromatic color, are called complete.

Invalous Quality colors are objectively not inherent, but arise due to an emotional reaction in their perception. We say that colors are warm and cold, light and heavy, deaf and ringing, protruding and retreating, soft and tough.

TO warm Red, yellow, orange and all other colors that can be obtained from mixing these colors.

Cold Blue, blue, purple and blue-green colors are considered. The more in the green or purple color of yellow or red tones, the warmer such color, but when adding to them of blue color They get cold.

TO heavy relate dark colors: black, blue, purple and all darkened black paint tone.

TO easy - White Red, yellow And all the colors, scattered with white paint.

Create an impression of depth due to the correct distribution of colors in space, light - transparent, cold (sky, distance); Heavy - dark, unlucky, dense (brown, black, purple are associated with the ground).

Contrast

Contrast - This is a pronounced opposite. Simultaneous light contrast occurs if there is between two tonal differences. When these colors exist in a pair, they increase each other's brightness.

Simultaneous light

The essence of the simultaneous light contrast (achromatic) is that a bright spot on a dark background seems lighter than it really is, but dark on light - darker. The stain is called a reacting field, and the background is induced. The light contrast depends on the size of the area of \u200b\u200bthe reacting field: the smaller it seems darker, the more - the lighter. That is, simultaneous light contrast depends on the configuration of the reacting field. The change in linear dimensions with simultaneous light contrast is called irradiation.

Light contrast

Simultaneous color

This type of contrast is associated with such a sign of color as tone. There is a tendency of colors in the contrast to distance apart from each other color Circle (For example, yellow on an orange background will be more pale, slightly greenish, and orange on yellow will have a slightly reddish tint).

When comparison of the complementary colors in perception, there are no new shades in perception, and only a mutual increase in saturation and lightness occurs, but when removing they fade and turn into a gray spot.

Comparison of contrasts of complementary colors

a) when comparison of cold colors, the contrast is stronger than when comparing warm;

b) weak lighting increases the contrast, strong - destroys;

c) when comparing less saturated colors (light or dark), the contrast is greater than when comparing more saturated.

Contrast of flowers of various saturation

Color contrast in saturation is especially noticeable when comparing achromatic colors with chromatic. On a black background, any color lowers its saturation, and on white or light gray - increases. This effect is used when you need to enhance the purity of one or another color.

Changing saturation against the background of achromatic colors

Border color

On the boundary of the adjacent (nearby) color tones, provided that the area of \u200b\u200bthe regulating field is large enough in relation to the inducer, there is a border contrast (yellow on the border with red seems greenish, and in the distance from it, this effect weakens).

If there is a white or black strip between flowers, the border contrast disappears.

Border color contrast

Border contrast of chromatic colors (borderline light contrast) is associated with tonal relationships. Part of the light, closer to the dark, will be lighter than the more distant part. This effect creates the impression of irregularities, the spatial vibration and the effect of the volume occurs. If this impression is undesirable and you need to extinguish the action of the border contrast, then the sieves hanging, i.e. At the junction of two colors - dark light either darkened light.

Border Contrast of Achromatic Colors

Sequential color

This type of contrast occurs when we translate with one color tone to another.

At the same time, the latter is observed with a shade not peculiar to him, it will be an additional color that we have seen before (if you translate a look from a bright red item on a gray surface, a greenish tint occurs). Answered colors of this contrast do not cause.

Serial color contrast

For timely harvest, it is important to know the timing of plant vegetation. Our comparison table It will help to choose a variety that your characteristics fit you most.

Carrots - queen of the garden. Each dacket grows her on its plot. Carrot contains 1.3% proteins, 7% carbohydrates. The most valuable is that it contains the vitamins of the group B, RR, C, E, K, is present in it. carotene - The substance that in the human body turns into Vitamin A.

Beneficial features:

Since vitamin A affects growth, carrots are very useful for children. Also, this vessel is necessary for normal vision. Therefore, it is very crazy to nourish just crude carrots. Cancer from carrots for medicinal purposes is used for diseases of the liver, cardiovascular system, kidneys, stomach, anemia, polyarthritis, mineral disorders. As a prophylactic agent, juice removes fatigue, improves appetite, face color and eyesight, weakens toxic action Antibiotics on the body, strengthens hair and nails, increases resistance to colds.

Planting of carrot seeds:

Carrot seeds board for a very long time, from two to three weeks. Therefore, seeds need preferred Before sowing. You can soak in cold water for 24 hours. But since the seeds of the carrots are covered with small villos, they should be cleaned of these villos simply losing between their hands (dry). Optimal temperature For shootouts 5 ° C, and to obtain well-colored carrots - 16-22 ° C. The perfect soils for the cultivation of carrots are sand-clay, clay-sand with a high content of dusty part, with a deep arable layer, as well as soils of organic origin (peatlands). Under the winter, carrot seeds are seeded from September to October, choosing late satisfied varieties for this.

Carrot - useful and very rich in vitamin A vegetable, which grows almost every self-respecting gardener. It is the root of this plant that is especially valued today. It was previously believed that the root of absolutely any varieties of carrots had no properties, but the leaves of the fetus, possessing the unique, fragrant aroma were perfect as spices.

The first vegetable was not orange, but violet, and she appeared in Afghanistan. Only after many centuries, this root under the influence of modifications and artificial crossing with yellow roots turned into an orange and juicy root, familiar to each of us.

Before the modern vegetable appeared, which people were gladly used in their own diet, no one dozen of the most complicated stages passed. Wildlife carrot of the current carrot, which is small size The root that is not particularly suitable for food.

The history of wild carrots is born in distant Asia and Europe, where its seeds were used as drug. Thousands of years ago, mankind did not realize that white and unpleasant roasting roofing can be transformed into juicy and nutritious delicacy.

Wilder carrot has little of the common with the current versions of carrots, however, thanks to multiple experiments and modifications, the person was able to achieve stunning success.

All over the world the most cultivated different varieties Carrots whose species numbered more than 60 units. What are the differences in the subspecies of this utility root?

Zhetyl

Yellow carrots differs from its root conifers not only by the color of the fetus, but also useful properties. Xanthofill is a substance that can prevent the appearance of malignant formations, tumors and diseases of the vessels and hearts in the human body.

Another element that contains carrot seeds - Lutein is able to protect the retina from the rays of the sun. The yield of this carrot variety is sufficiently high if the root of the root was correctly politically and there was a proper move, despite its extraordinary color.

Black

On different continents, black carrots were considered not only an analogue of sugar cane, but also medicinal plantsaving from multiple ailments.

Black carrot is distinguished by its special yellow blossom, which has a stunning fragrant smell. White flesh It has a pleasant, rich smell of vanilla and differs from other varieties of carrots softness and juiciness.

The storage of this root does not cause harborie gardens that decided to grow a black representative of this species in their plot. Carrot is a black-rescue dining room and can remain in the grinding ground without damage to the very black root.

Carrot seeds in black fusion best sow in early spring Or at the end of summer.

Sort nantes

Morot Nantes - a view that is an example of the classic carrot of the perfect form. It is quite meaty, and its root has a bright orange tint and smooth, thin skin. According to the taste characteristics, the nante is considered the most pleasant and acceptable, and the weight of the carrot varies in the range of 250 gr. The first fruits can be collected from 90-120 days after the carrot seeds give the first small palees.

Also, the champion of a nantt-type is the middle-aged carrot Samson. This grade is famous for farmers with its high productivity and excellent taste. It is worth noting separately that it is this kind, as no other suitable for fresh use and long-term storage. Samson is different perfect form And impressive weight (100-200g.).

Sort of queen of autumn

The carrot of the queen of autumn is the most popular variety among gardeners and farmers. The queen of autumn deserves such demand and increased attention To yourself not only at the expense of their taste. Farmers noted incredible devices to diseases and other harmful factors.

This kind is perfectly stored and at the same time does not lose its useful phyto-qualities. She is quite large, proper form And very nutritious. The carrot of the queen of autumn is obliged to be a surrender leadership among the late types of carrots. This grade is quite unpretentious in care and gives an excellent harvest.

Mini carrot

Mini carrots are absolutely not inferior to large varieties in the presence of useful organic substances, fiber and vitamins. It differs only by its modest dimensions, for which it was nicknamed. The size of the mini variety is due to the fact that carrots are harvested without waiting for full ripening, the largest roots can reach a maximum of 10-12 centimeters.

Samoa an important characteristic Mini Vegetable is its feature of preserving beneficial properties after processing: cooking, frying, frost.

Grade September

This species does not differ in large dimensions, and its weight does not exceed 300 grams. SeaPrin carrots are recommended for processing, seating and storage in winter. The length of the fruit varies within 17-25 centimeters. Speaking about what color carrots, it is worth noting that the color of the vegetable is classic, saturated-orange. Remove carrots under the winter is not worth it, she will lose her beneficial features, structure and taste. Collect September is best at the beginning of the summer, after 7-9 weeks after sowing.

Valtskaya grade 4.

Morkovo Nantes 4 - refers to the average limit varieties of root. Describing the nannet must be specified on its high taste, which marks gardens and consumers. The grade is not bitter and unnecessarily soft, perfectly suitable for seating and freezing for storage in winter. Thus, the carrots are nantes 4 - is considered one of the best and sought-after varieties in the world. It is juicy, sweet and very fragrant.

Variety Abaco

Abaco carrot refers to the family of celery and is very dependent on the constant watering and humidity of the soil. The inner color of the root-orange roof-orange, medium-sized core. Abaco carrots are great for consuming fresh and heat treatment.

Abaco carrots are considered to be a hybrid at once several varieties of root. It reaches no more than 20 centimeters and has a saturated orange color.

The optimal temperature of determining this species is the temperature of 15-20 degrees above zero.

A frequent problem in the cultivation of this species is cracking and impaired integrity and form of fetus. This problem lies not in seeds or grade, but in insufficient moisture of the soil. Watering and additional irrigation are mandatory for Abaco.

Grade Carotel

Carotel carrots have a number of features of the species and numerous opinions - the best seeds. Rooted root is completely immersed in the soil and has high yield. Externally, the carotel has a bright orange color and a conical shape of a length of 7-15 centimeters. The weight of the fetus does not exceed 200 grams mark, but despite this, it is very juicy and contains a large amount of fiber and carotene in itself.

Carotel carrot has the highest yield indicators, due to which it is the most popular and consumed medium-grained variety. This species is suitable for consuming in raw form, as well as seating and heat treatment.

Sortana grade

Sortan's grade deserves separate attention, as it is a kind, which is most often used in salads and vegetable dishes. Carrots Shantan justified confidence in his own pronounced sugar taste and long-term storage.

Many varieties of carrots require careful care and frequent additional manipulations. Carrot Shantan does not need special care, you only need to often water it and reload - these are the features of the variety, which helps her over time become big and juicy.

Shantana grows bright orange, fruits are large, the right shape. Rightly grown by Shantan reaches impressive sizes to 15 cm. Shantan is secondary and high-threshold variety. The growing season lasts from 100 to 110 days. Farmers have repeatedly proven that the yield with 1 hectare land can be collected up to 65 tons of this wonderful carrot.

White

White carrots received his recognition quite recently. Previously, this culture was used as a fodder, not daring to apply it in cooking. With its white color, it is obliged to lack painting pigment, which is available among classic varieties.

White rootproof is incredibly tasty and useful. It has a dense structure, impressive sizes and is well stored. When growing, it is necessary to take into account several moments and watering. Like any other carrot variety, the white carrot does not require a scrupulous and trembling relationship, but needs standard care.

Sowing

Morot sowing is a classic representative of the well-known vegetable. This species refers to two-year plants and is one of the types of wild carrots. If you compare the yields, the sowing carrots is one of the leaders among its relatives. This crop the yield is compared with best varieties Potatoes.

Variety emperor

The emperor carrots differ from its relatives pointed form of fetus and more impressive sizes - it reaches 25-30 centimeters in length. This variety is still very different in the taste of the qualities and structure of the fetus.

So, the carrot emperor of some species has a pronounced sweet taste, and some very brittle and literally crumble in the hands of the gardener. The weight of the carrot of this species is also very different, on average it weighs from 200 to 550 grams.

Red

Farmers learned to grow and red grade, which was brought from China and India. Red roofing signals a high content of the pigment in it. Also, red carrots is a unconditional leader in the content of carotene and other nutrients.

The use of this vegetable will warn the appearance of a number of cardiac and oncological diseases. These roots have a pleasant taste and they are perfectly stored, although they lose half nutrients for a long shelf life.

Red carrots are grown as easily as ordinary garden fruit. It only needs regular emphasis and watering.

Sort Nandrin

Nandrin's carrots belong to early varieties and adapted mainly for open soil. The rootpode is distinguished by impressive sizes (15-20 cm) and good fierce, which allows you to store roots in the entire long winter period.

Kornemploda has a bright orange color, dense structure and sweet taste. This variety is great for consuming fresh, for salads and processing. The hybrid is good for panstonesHe is also good for sowing in farms.

Variety Canada F1

Canada F1-popular hybrid, which has excellent taste, and is also not subject to illness. This is a high-yielding and middle-bed variety, who has deserved appreciation and interest from the gardens. Similar carrot dining room is well stored, and due to the content large number Carotine is perfect for the preparation of juices.

Vitamin variety

Vitamin carrot has become the favorite root of domestic gardens. This is due to its amazing taste and aroma. Vitamin belongs to early carrot varits.

Moscow Winter

Carrots Moskovskaya Winter's dining room is another kind of winter root, distinguished by its unpretentiousness and interesting taste. Winter varieties of carrots include this kind of late deck root. Carrots Moscow Winter gives 5-7 kg. Harvesting one square meter.

Valtimore variety

Baltimore carrots are a hybrid, which is based on the variety of Nandrin. One hectare of the land is able to give about 150 tone of the crop. The variety is not a stern, its taste quality is extremely high. Baltimore carrots are not susceptible to diseases, rotting and cracking. A similar characteristics possesses a radiation of the Code, which is no less productive.

Varieties for the Urals and Siberia

Siberia varieties should be cold-resistant and hardy. The best are the types of carrot Altai shortened, nantes 4 and vitamin 6. Especially large varieties Carrots in conditions of cold air and moisture - freeze and, feeling no comfortable - do not come true.

Sort Losinoostrovskaya

Losinoostrovskaya carrots are a farmer's dream who wishes not only a delicious, but also a large harvest. This variety is distinguished by high yield and suitability of both people and animals. The high content of carotene, order of 21%, is a truly advantageous grade variety. Sort Losinoostrovskaya is ideally suited for baby food and juice.

Feathers

Feed carrots are used mainly in the diet of the houses of animals. A similar grade has large sizes and is well tolerating drought, which allows you to increase the percentage of crop.

Feed carrots are richer with nutrients, vitamins and carbohydrates, which makes it perfect juicy and nutritious food for home utensils.

Lacoma

Lacquer carrot is a view of an ultra-space root root. You can collect the harvest already 60 days after the first paigons. The fetus size is usually 15-20 centimeters. Lacquer carrots have a juicy and gentle pulp structure and wonderful taste.

Cascade

Cascade carrots are an excellent grade, which is suitable for culinary sizes. This root is used for Korean cuisine and cooking such a dish like carrots cha. The size of the root is medium, up to 18 centimeters in length. And by weight, the carrot cascade does not exceed 300 grams. Refer to the cascade orange carrots. In storage, the variety is not picky.

Without core

Carrots without cores - late-dealer variety, which is great for consuming in the fresh condition. The size of the root of the root without tops is about 22-25 centimeters. The fruit is smooth, and its color is homogeneous both from above and inside.

Honey

Honey carrot is distinguished by its relative novelty. The roots of the root is very juicy and sweet. The core is thin and practically imperceptible. An important point is the highest content of carotene.

Grade Laguna

Laguna carrots refers to ultra-alone cornerpodes. It is necessary to collect it already for 60 - 65 days, after the emergence of the first germs.
Laguna carrots do not have green shoulders and is distinguished by its homogeneous orange color.

Napoli

Napoli carrots - refers to the nanted zotto. Fruits finally ripen to 60-70 days after the first shoots appear. The entire harvest of the root is homogeneous at its length and magnitude. Napoli carrots are excellent taste and a whole set of useful elements.

Koroda

Knoda carrots implies thick root roots, bright orange. Fruits are not afraid of heat, draincing and diseases.

Children's

Morot children's is a sweet view of the root with a delicate meat structure and a pleasant taste. From her very often make purees and frosts for kids. Children's carrot perfectly for cooking lean soups And additives it into meat products cooked for a pair.

Anastasia

Anastasia carrots are another subspecies of the nanntal zortotype. It has the highest taste and pleasant aroma, without the smell of dampness and land. Anastasia carrots use great demand Due to the fact that it can be stored for about 10 months and not lose its properties.

Dordon

Dordogne is a view perfectly suitable for the cultivation mechanical way. The taste qualities of this variety, meanwhile high enough.

Stuff

Fork carrot has a large, fleshy fruit of up to 20 centimeters. All fruits in the crop, most often, thefts have a dense and juicy structure.

Colored

Colored vegetables are especially in demand in Europe. Blue, purple and even black root roots are valued in the West especially high, thanks to their individual characteristics.

What does the core of the vegetable say?

The heart can be the most different sizes And the width, the main thing is her color. Orange and dark-orange core speaks about the skeleton of the fetus, but green - that it has not yet matured.

The useful rootpode differs from the rigorous or submerged vegetable loose, water-and-the-fed or too solid core. The taste of such an inner part may be bitter and delight.

The beneficial properties of Kornefloda

1. Excellent ingredient for a variety of diets. It is sufficiently satisfying, low-calorie (only 35 kcal) and of course beneficial thanks to the fiber and carotine.
2. Strengthens the imune system.
3. Curling fruit is settled on burns and purulent wounds.
4. Cleans the intestines. Korneflood is used as a laxative.
5. Improves the functionality of the stomach, liver and intestines.
6. Korneflood eliminates worms and intestinal infections.
7. Recommended from Malokrovia. For this, the juice of the fleshy roofing types is squeezed and is accepted in a shimmer with honey.
8. Warning the appearance of myocardial infarction.

The quality indicators of fresh carrots are determined in accordance with GOST R 51782-2001 "Carrots of the dining room fresh, implemented in the retail chain" (Appendix A).

The carrot, depending on the quality, is divided into three classes: extra, first and second. Carrots of the Extra class should be washed, the first and second classes - soot or purified from the ground with a dry way.

According to GOST R 51782-2001, carrots must have the following organoleptic indicators and sizes of the root plant (Table 1):

Table 1. "The requirements and norms of GOST to carrots by quality classes".

The content of radionuclides, toxic elements, pesticides and nitrates in carrots should not exceed the permissible levels set by # M112291 9052436Sanpin2.3.2.560 S. According to sanitary and hygienic standards, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health in 1988, the maximum permissible level of nitrate content (MPC) In the carrots of the early (until September 1) - 400 mg / kg of raw mass, in carrots late - 250 mg / kg of raw mass.

Non-standard attributes include roots (excessive norms): the size of the largest transverse diameter is less than 2.5 cm (up to 1.5 cm inclusive) and more than 6 cm; cracked; broken at least 7 cm long; ugly in shape; branched; with cuts of heads; damaged by agriculture pests; faded.

The waste includes rooted roots, rotten, rotten, ice cream, damaged by rodents, crushed, parts of the root plates are less than 7 cm, stolen, the size of the transverse diameter is less than 1.5 cm.

Diseases and carrot defects

Greater damage to carrots during the growing season of the semennikov and when storing roots, mushrooms are applied, viral and bacterial diseases.

The most common is black, white, dry, gray, bacterial rot and other diseases. Photos of carrots, affected by diseases and pests, see Appendix B.

Black rot, or alternariasis

The causative agent of Mushroom Alternaria Radocina, is striking carrots, celery, parsley, parsnap. Basically, the disease is developing during the storage period. Dry, dark, slightly depressed spots are formed on the root. With high humidity, a dark olive flare appears on them - spores of the fungus.

On the cut, the affected fabric of coal-black color and is sharply different from healthy. The rotor root does not lose hardness.

Protection measures. Growing with elevated stability to black rotches of carrots: Nantes 4, Champore 2461, Vita Long and heterosexis hybrids F1 Mribovchanin, Camarillo, Kanterbury, champion.

White Rot

Especially dangerous white Rot. The causative agent of the disease of the SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTOZUM mushroom occurs on many vegetable culturesBut most often the carrots and parsley suffer from him. On the sowing of carrots, white rot is rarely developing, but it is worth pulling the root corner from the Earth, as carrots lose stability to this disease. On the affected root root, a loose white appaled flask appears - a mushroom, which in some places is compacted, coats in white, then black solid stools. Drops of liquid are distinguished on their surface. The affected root roots soften, and the color of the fabric does not change. In the storage facility, the white rot is entered with infected roots and soil and spreads from patients with root plates to healthy in their contact, therefore infection is localized in the form of nests (foci).

The most susceptible to white rot injured roots, sluggish, frozen. Increased temperature in the repository up to 4-5 ° enhances the damage to the roots.

Wet bacterial rot

Wet bacterial rot (Erwinia Carotovora Holl bacteria causative) amazes along with carrots Parsley, Celery, Pasternak.

Watery spots are formed on the tail part of the carrot, plants are faded. The disease is especially intensively developing during storage: the rot is quickly distributed throughout the root. It becomes mucous, watery, its fabrics decompose, publishing nasty smell. The affected carrot turns into a soft cleaner and infects healthy root roots next to her.

Gray Gnil

Gray rot (Botrytis Cinerea pathogen) also affects the rolled, with mechanical damage or frozen root root. They appear a thick grayish plaque mold. Later among gray raids are formed small (2-7 mm) rounded or slightly flattened black sclerosions, and the affected tissue will be rapped. The number of patients of root crops increases when storing carrots in one room with a cabbage, also affected by gray rot.

Protection measures. There are no varieties resistant to these diseases. When white and gray is detected, the foci of the disease neatly remove. But root roots do not go through, otherwise you can disseminate the infection. The place where the sick carrot was located, pollinated by chalk or puffing lime.

Risoctonyosis (felt disease)

The causative agent of the disease RizoCtonia Violaceae. Infection occurs in the second half of summer. The leaves of the diseased plants are withering, yellow and die away. In rootpodes appear subcutaneous gray-lead stains. Gradually, they blush, slightly pressed and are covered at the beginning of colorless, later - a reddish-purple dense felt of mycelium. Then numerous, very small black gluing mushrooms are formed on the root. The affected root drip dries, sometimes hesitates. The disease continues to develop in the repository.

Source of infection - soil and patients of plants. In the garden rhizocontoniosis is manifested by foci with heavy precipitation, warm weather, in low places, on acidic heavy soils.

Protection measures. Sour soils lime. Carrots and other vegetables that affect rhizoconiosis are returned to the previous place no earlier than four years.

Fomoz, or Dry Rot

PHOMA ROSTRUPII SACC Mushroom Disease Feel .. Manifested on plants in the form of dry rot at the end of the growing season and in the period winter storage carrots.

On the head of the root of the root, slightly depressed dark brown spots (They are sometimes visible small black dots with a poppy grain size - these are picnides with mushroom disputes). On the cut, the cloth brown brown, loose, often with emptiness lined with a white fluff - the mushrooms of the pathogen.

Source of infection - infected seeds, root and vegetable residues. Relatively resistant to the Fomoz of the carrot variety. Nanza 4 and Moscow winter.

Fusarious rot

The disease is manifested in the form of dry and wet rot. With dry rot on the root corners of carrots, the depressed light spots are observed, which, raging, form concentric folds. The affected fabric is bright or light brown, in the center is strongly compacted, with small voids, with a sharp boundary.

Puffy dew

Will widespread and malware during the vegetation of plants. The causative agent - Mushroom Erysiphe UmbellifeRum. Amazing all overhead parts of the plants of carrots of the first and second anniversary of life, on which it is formed mild-white bloom. The affected leaves are depleted by the mushrooms of the pathogenne and prematurely webly, aging and dry.

Churchosposition

The pathogen is Mushroom Cercospora Carotae. The disease is often found together with alternariasis, but manifests itself earlier. Amazes young leaves, sometimes stems, flowers of the seeds. Forms oval spots, more often red or white. Roots are not amazed.

Diseases appear in the form different types Carrot rotors developing with the participation of pythium genus fungi. Pitiosis, in addition to the death of germs, cause rust-brown rot roots, accompanied by the fading of leaves and the dwarfship of carrots plants.

The causative agent is mycoplasma causing jaundice ASTR. The leaf bundle gradually acquires a pale yellow color, sometimes leaves twisted. The rootpode decreases, the surfaces of small roots are developing on the surface. Roots have an unpleasant look and bitter taste.

Deviation nematodes

Nematodes affect roots penetrating roots. As a result, shortening, deformation and weeding of rooteplood occurs. There are also gallic nematodes forming on the roots of bloating galls.

Pest lesions

Storage and transportation conditions.

Carrot storage is carried out in accordance with GOST 28275-94 "Fresh dining room carrots. Storage Guide ", in accordance with which carrots are stored in stationary storage facilities with natural cooling, and if necessary, long-term storage - in refrigeration chambers.

Storage of carrots in stationary storage

Carrots can be stored in box pallets, drawers, bags or bulk. If it is placed in bulk, the height of the mound should be taken depending on the strength properties of this botanical carrot variety, the quality of the party and the conditions of ventilation. The recommended mound height is 2-3 m. When storing carrots in bags maximum height Stacks - 3 m.

The storage temperatures are maintained from 0 to 5 ° C. Optimal for storage of carrots is the temperature from 0 to 1 ° C.

The relative humidity of air in the chambers with a forced ventilation system (with natural cooling) should be maintained from 90 to 95%.

Air circulation should provide the ability to continuously maintain the temperature and relative humidity. Air circulation must be fairly intense, i.e. From 100 to 120 m / t · h, if carrots are stored in bulk, and the height of the mound is close to the maximum value set.

The term of the carrot felief under the indicated storage conditions is at least 4 months.

Carrot storage in refrigeration chambers

Long-term storage of carrots is carried out in refrigeration chambers with secrend \u200b\u200bventilation.

Carrots are loaded into the chamber packed into the box pallets with open liners made of polyethylene film with a thickness of 80-120 μm or without these liners, as well as in the boxes S. To load the chamber with carrots, packed in the boxes, form packets on flat pallets s, laying them in Pizka 20-25 pcs. on each pallet. The length of the protruding parts of the package on each side of the plane pallet is not more than 0.04 m. The distance between the boxes in the package is not less than 0.02 m.

Before loading carrots, the air temperature in the chamber should be reduced to -1-0 ° C. Upon completion of the full load of the chamber, the air temperature in it is adjusted to 0-1 ° C for no more than a day, and then support within these limits before storage. At the same time, the air temperature in the cold point of the free space of the useful volume of the chamber should not be lower than -1 ° C.

Relative air humidity in refrigerated chamber There must be 90-95%. Air circulation in the chamber during cooling of carrots is carried out continuously with multiplicity of 10-12 volumes of an unloaded chamber per hour.

At the end of the storage or during the unloading of carrots from the chamber, conditions ensure the conditions that exclude moisture condensation on its surface (for example, blowing with warm air).

The implementation of carrots after removal from storage should not exceed 10 days.

Carrot storage in retail chain retail (according to GOST 51782-2001)

Relative air humidity during storage should be 85-90%.

Carrot transportation is carried out indoor by car In accordance with the rules for the transport of perishable goods acting on the transport of this species. It is allowed to transport carrots in open automotive vehicles with the protection of products from atmospheric precipitation and temperatures below 0 ° C.

Often it is compared with coral and tangerine tones. Carrot most of them coincides with classic orange. A distinctive feature is to increase red and reduce yellow tones.

So how does it affect people, what shades are combined with? How to apply in clothes? Who comes up? How to wear it?

Carrot: general meaning

So, more. Carrot is one of several shades available in nature. It differs in brightness and warmth. Carrots are not just a useful product, which is part of a wide variety of dishes. This vegetable is able to make them "fun" and appetizing. Therefore, even those who do not like her seem to understand the presence of carrots in the dish.

Combination

Carrot in the surrounding world occurs, by itself, in combination with other tones. What do he harmonize in the best way?

First of all, with the color of the pink tree. The advantage of this combination lies in the contrast in brightness. It is a deep lilac shade close to red-brown. It is red and relatives these two colors. The pink tree is capable of emphasizing the main advantages of carrot. It itself goes into the shadow. However, due to its brightness, orange tint does not completely absorb everything.

Perfectly combined carrot as a gray-hyacinth tone. It is all the case in contrast not only in brightness, but also by color temperature. Blue shades in relation to hot orange are the most cold. Therefore, each color in such a neighbor looks much more expressive. The contrast in brightness in this case works in the same way as in combination with a pink tree. An excellent addition in this case is pale yellow or black and brown.

Many people who are tired of unrelated and dull paints try to surround themselves with various bright things. Carrot allows you to change this very dullness. Paired with blue and brown tones It looks very impressive.

Popularity

Especially love in the east. It symbolizes fire, spices, fruits and sun. Carrot clothes are associated with vitality, self-reliance, joy, sexuality. It combines representatives of opposite sex, thereby speaking of fertility. In France, the bride even decorate their heads in wreaths from orange flowers. It is believed that this contributes to a speedy replenishment in the family.

Plays carrot as well as the role of protection. It allows you to achieve enlightenment and fame, develops intuition. Although in some cases it is interpreted both as the color of people prone to pride, complacency, infantality, laziness and egoism.

In clothes

The presence of carrot color in a man's wardrobe speaks primarily about his activity, vitality and non-standard thinking. However, it is necessary to be quite careful with him, since it goes far from everyone. The most brave experiments are the choice of women with autumn color. They need to stop on the reddish shades of this color. However, it all depends on the competent combinations.

This shade of bright orange is most successfully in summer and for example, it can be summer or doubled with white trousers in tightness, blouse, silver snickers or ankle shoes. Spring upper clothes can be replaced with a vest, and white pants - on brown. Carrot color perfectly harmonizes with cream, white and black things. The tunic can be combined with blue denim pants, shorts or skirt. For evening wardrobe, the fitted carrot dress is suitable. It can be supplemented with black or silver accessories, pearl thread.

Hit warm season

So, B. sunny time The year is extremely popular with juicy, bright and appetizing carrot color. The photo in the summer releases of fashion magazines indicate this fact in the first place. The shade causes a person a state of well-being and joy, when depressed, raises the mood and gives energy. In a word, it helps come to an active and vigorous state.

Well carrot looks in a variety of wardrobe elements. Of course, this shade for everyday socks will not suit. He is able to call great amount Too bright emotions, and in some situations they should be avoided. It is best to use such things in training, romantic dates, banquets, in clubs, etc.

By the way, it looks great, carrot color also in the interior. It is suitable for almost any room, with the exception of working offices. You should not only forget that the bright carrot color of the room narrows slightly. In combination with a tree, moving the walls, the room will seem a little more comprehensive.

In short, carrot color is a warm and pleasant tone. It has many advantages. And if you use it correctly, it will give you a considerable pleasure.