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Wood is one of the most widely used building materials and is often suburban areas they perform gazebos, fences, benches, verandas, etc. In order for all these products to last for many years, it is necessary to periodically treat wood with protective compounds from all kinds of negative factors. In this article, we will take a closer look at how and with what to properly process a tree with our own hands.
General information
The durability of wood products is negatively affected by a number of factors:
If you do not protect the tree from these negative factors, then very quickly the product will become unusable. Therefore, processing is mandatory procedure, and the durability of the wooden structure directly depends on the quality of its implementation.
In the photo - an example of an untreated rotten tree
This procedure is usually carried out in two stages:
Below we will take a closer look at each of these stages.
Impregnation
purpose
Deciding what to process wooden gazebo on the street, a bench or other structure, first of all, you need to choose an antiseptic impregnation.
Truth, modern formulations, as a rule, have a complex effect, and are not only antiseptics, but also fire retardants that protect wood from fire. In addition, impregnations often contain oil or wax, which prevents moisture from penetrating into the wood structure. Some of them are decorative and can be used instead paintwork.
Antiseptic primers serve as an alternative to impregnations. In fact, they have the same effect on wood as impregnations, but in addition they improve the adhesion of the paintwork to the wood.
From ancient times to the present day, wood has been an indispensable building material. It has a number of positive characteristics, due to which it is highly valued among buyers.
But, despite all the advantages, wood is very vulnerable and prone to decay, so any wooden object must be processed.
Causes that give rise decay tree, the following:
- air humidity is the main enemy of wood;
- temperature changes that contribute to the expansion or contraction of the tree;
- condensate that accumulates in the wood and does not come out of it;
- freezing;
- ground contact.
Means and preparations for wood processing
Measures to prevent decay, it is advisable to carry out from the moment of procurement of materials for construction.
Rotting wood reduces its density, gradually leading to loosening and destruction of the structure, which is very dangerous for human life and health, so it is necessary to carry out processing.
prevent rotting of wood is possible if the surface is carefully inspected once a year wooden building entirely. Rotting in infected areas will be indicated by an unpleasant odor and a white film.
Signs of rotting wood are characteristic smell of rot and a white, thin film, in places infected with rot and mold spores.
Depending on the source, causing the process of wood decay, measures to prevent it will depend.
- For instance, vapor barrier and thermal insulation protects wood species from condensation.
- Protection from atmospheric humidity will provide special paints and varnishes.
- Natural drying with sunlight will also help to get rid of excess moisture.
- The most common and effective ways are conservation methods and the use of an antiseptic. The principle of operation of these methods is the toxic effect of the drug on the pathogens of decay.
Protective facilities usually presented in the form of paints, varnishes and antiseptics. The use of paints will not only protect the tree from decay, but also refresh appearance. With the help of varnishes, you can prevent the appearance of cracks, give the tree a matte or glossy look, and also avoid surface fading.
The use of antiseptics appropriate already in the mold stage. When choosing a remedy, you must carefully read the instructions, as some drugs are only suitable for internal processing, for example, inside the house, and some - exclusively for the outside.
For example, combined antiseptics suitable only for external processing, as they are toxic.
If we compare the means of wood decay by cost, then it should be said that paints and varnishes are more expensive than antiseptics, and in order to prevent decay, you need to purchase a considerable amount of paint. So the use of an antiseptic is much more profitable both from a practical and an economic point of view.
Producers of means for wood from rotting
The Russian quality remedy for wood decay is " Sagus”, it protects the surface and returns the tree to a beautiful and healthy appearance. The cost of 1 liter is 90 rubles.
Often in demand means that protect the surface from decay are Neomid and League Bioshield.
Remedy for decay Neomid 500"disinfects the surface, preventing infection with almost all types of fungus, and is also able to cope with the" advanced "stage of decay. "Preserve" the received processing on the advice of the manufacturer should be means from the same series "Neomid 440" or "Neomid 450". Prices for these drugs reach 700 rubles per 5 kg. "League Bioshield", acting no worse than "Neomid", costs an order of magnitude lower, so the price is from 103 rubles per 5 liters.
Antiseptic " Senezh» protects wood from rotting and mold, depending on the purpose, antiseptics are divided for processing wood both outside and inside, as well as for rooms with high humidity.
This antiseptic is also suitable for re-treatment of surfaces, except for those that were previously treated with oil products.
This tool is able to protect the surface up to 35 years. On top of it you can apply paint, varnish, glue and other substances. It costs "Senezh" from 550 rubles. For 5 liters.
Drevosan Profi protects the tree from insects and fungi, as well as from mold. This tool can be applied both to already infected surfaces, and as a preventive measure. This tool is more suitable for external processing. Price for 1 liter from 120 rubles.
How to choose the right tool?
At choice protective equipment must be taken into account individual characteristics object, its location, the purpose of its construction.
For example, if the object is in coastal zone or in the room itself is permanently stored high level humidity, it is necessary to choose a tool that will protect the wood during temperature changes. Such funds, on average, last up to 12 years.
It should also be taken into account that often the properties of the drug are designed not only to prevent decay, but also to protection from wood fire. The validity of such "multifunctional" funds is up to 7 years.
Terraces or gazebos are best treated with hard-to-wash products, one treatment is usually enough for 35 years.
Special solutions are also provided for fences, windows and other objects with rounding. Such solutions are specifically aimed at protecting against cracks and provide uniform shrinkage of the tree over the entire surface.
process wood often not necessary, but the first warning sign requiring additional processing is the appearance of cracks on the surface. Modern manufacturers offer a number of impregnations that prevent the destruction of wood. For example, "Tree Doctor", "Elkon", "Bioks" help to get rid of mold and fungus, and are also suitable for indoor and outdoor processing. These brands are made in Russia. Of the highest quality drugs foreign manufacturers can be called Means of the Dulux company, which is famous for its large selection of impregnations against fungus, and Alcator products penetrate deep into the wood and dry quickly, and the treated wood serves very long time.
Wood processing technology
Wood processing can be carried out in various ways.
When preparing material for construction, processing is usually carried out by immersion in a solution. This method requires special equipment.
If the material was laid without processing, then you can use the method spraying, which also protects against decay, but has a small penetration depth. For temporary protection, this method is well suited.
It is possible to provide protection by spraying when the object is already built. Before applying the substance, it is necessary to prepare the object well, having cleaned it of dust and dirt, and then apply the product two or three times with an interval of 15 minutes. Exist general rules drug application:
- to start you need clear wood from dirt and dust;
- use sandpaper to get rid of gaps;
- any detergent wash the boards with warm water;
- dry the boards completely;
- apply protective agent as many times as indicated in the instructions.
When processing it is important carefully handle the substance for your own safety. The agent should not get on the skin, eyes, in case of contact, immediately wash off the chemical with water. When using the spray method, respiratory safety must be ensured.
Today, there are many means and preparations that prevent wood decay, so you can build a house or other wooden objects without fear that they may soon collapse. And most importantly, do not forget to comply with all necessary security measures.
If you were lucky enough to buy wooden cutlery at the fair, or by hand , then, following the joy of new gizmos, will you think about how and how to process wooden utensils for food?
Various types of stains and varnishes disappear, they are not at all suitable for processing wooden cutlery, as they can be harmful to health.
In any undertaking, it is better to focus on the advice and recommendations of the masters, for whom the procedure for impregnating wood products has already become “native”. In the process of mastering different methods, you will probably choose the most suitable one for you, or you will be able to develop your own unique method.
No matter how different the processing recipes are for different craftsmen, two main methods of impregnation can be distinguished:
- Treatment of wooden utensils with oil (vegetable or linseed)
- Impregnation of wood products with mastic (oil mixed with beeswax)
Vegetable or linen?
If you are a beginner, then your first wooden spoon or a spatula can be soaked with vegetable oil. Take better oil refined, it has less smell. But still, the "experienced" masters eventually switch to linen. It does not give a taste of rancidity, it is better absorbed and healthier. And if you look at our wise ancestors, they covered all wooden kitchen utensils with linseed oil.
Recipes for oil impregnations with herbs
For the most sophisticated, who enjoy the constant search for something more, there are several recipes for oil infusions. They are made from different types medicinal herbs and roots:
- Mint oil. Mint dried in advance should be rubbed well. Powder from dry leaves should be about 100g. Pour it into a glass bottle, add 0.5 l of linseed oil, cork and shake thoroughly. We leave to infuse for about 2 weeks. Do not forget to shake the infusion every day. We filter the resulting mint impregnation through cheesecloth.
- Oil with dandelion roots, or with angelica roots. The preparation procedure is the same as in the first version with mint, but in this case, the roots of the plants are finely chopped and poured in the proportion of 1 part of the root to 5 parts of the oil.
- Collection of seven roots. This oil infusion is good for a strong concentration of tannins contained in the roots of plants. These substances remain in the oil, and when wood is impregnated, they perfectly strengthen its upper layers. We take in equal proportions the roots of burdock, dandelion, elecampane, cinquefoil, meadowsweet, comfrey. The insisting process is exactly the same.
If you want to play with color a little, you can try different food vegetable oils. For example, pumpkin and sea buckthorn oils give a beautiful golden hue to a wood product.
How to oil a piece of wood
It is better to take linseed oil freshly pressed and from trusted sellers, if the technology is not followed, flax oil can have a bitter taste and not a very pleasant smell.
The best solution is to heat the oil in a water bath. To do this, a container of oil is placed in a large pot of water and put on fire. It is not necessary to bring the oil to a boil, it is enough to heat it up to a temperature of 60-65 C. When heated, the density of the oil decreases, and it is much better absorbed into the wood.
We lower a wooden spoon into warm oil and wait until all oxygen bubbles gradually come out of the product. We take it out, wipe it with a dry cloth and lay it out to dry in the sun. Sunlight accelerates the polymerization of the oil. IN linseed oil this process occurs at a natural level, in contrast to the plant, to which a desiccant is added. A spoon or spatula dried in this way acquires a very high water resistance, and will serve you for more than one year.
Impregnation with mastic
Before treating wooden utensils with mastic, make sure that the products are well dried. The mastic itself is obtained from a mixture of linseed oil and wax. The proportions here can be different, it all depends on what hardness of the mastic you need. For soft woods, a harder composition is needed (2 parts oil to 1 part wax), for hard rock softer mastic (3 or 4 parts oil to 1 part wax).
Both ingredients are also cooked in a water bath until the wax is completely dissolved in the oil. After that, pour the composition into a glass container with a wide neck and let cool. The mastic is ready for use.
Before polishing with mastic, it is good to soak the wood product twice with oil. Do not forget to dry the spoon after each procedure. If wood requires it, sand it with the finest sandpaper. After that, take a piece of felt and use it to rub your product with the prepared mastic.
Wood is an affordable, environmentally friendly building material with a beautiful appearance. Modern materials(expanded concrete, foam concrete) have recently become often used for the construction of walls and partitions, but their popularity in construction small houses while losing to wood.
However, being organic material, wood is too hygroscopic, is a wonderful breeding ground for mold, microorganisms. Therefore, using given material, it is worth paying Special attention to protect it from external factors.
Causes of rotting wood
The development of mold fungi is the main factor that destroys the tree. The development of mold (rotting) occurs under certain conditions:
- air humidity 80–100%;
- moisture content of the material is above 15%;
- temperature below 50 and above 0 С 0
Additional causes of rotting can be freezing of the material, stagnation of air, contact with the soil.
Factors favorable for the process of decay are quite common. Therefore, it is necessary to know how to treat wood in order to protect it from molds.
Drying wood
You should start with preventive measures. Wood must be dry to prevent mold development. There are four methods for drying timber or boards:
- Natural drying in dry rooms with good ventilation. This is the longest method (drying time - up to 1 year).
- Drying in a chamber with superheated steam, hot air. This is a more expensive, but faster and more efficient method.
- Waxing. The tree is immersed in liquid paraffin and placed in an oven for several hours.
- Steaming in linseed oil. It is used for small wooden products. The tree is immersed in oil, boiled over low heat.
Protection of wooden elements from moisture
Modern waterproofing allows you to protect the timber from capillary moisture. Protects structures from atmospheric moisture quality roof and application of special paints and coatings.
Protection against accumulation of condensate is provided by thermal and vapor barrier. The heat-insulating layer is placed closer to the outer surface, and between it and wooden wall have a vapor barrier. bar roofing elements protect from rain and snow with waterproofing films.
Wooden houses and structures should be located above ground level, on the foundation. For effective protection against water, it is worth taking care of the presence of a blind area, effective drainage system. Great importance for the biostability of a wooden building, it has the possibility of natural drying of the walls. Therefore, trees should not be planted near wooden buildings.
What to do if the timber began to rot
Rotting greatly degrades the physical parameters of the tree. Its density drops by 2–3, and its strength by 20–30 times. It is impossible to restore a rotten tree. Therefore, the element affected by rot should be replaced.
With a slight infection with mold, you can try to stop the process. To do this, the rotten area is completely removed (with the capture of part of the healthy wood). The removed part is replaced with steel reinforcing rods, which should go deep enough into the healthy part of the element. After reinforcement, the area is puttied with epoxy or acrylic putty.
This is a time-consuming and complex procedure, after which it is not always possible to achieve the former strength of the structure. The problem is easier to prevent, for which wood is processed from decay.
Protecting a tree with folk remedies
The problem of protection against rotting has been relevant since the time when wood was first used as a material. Over the years, many effective folk recipes successfully used to this day:
- Coating wooden structures silicate adhesive.
- Treatment of walls and soil (up to 50 cm deep) with a solution of potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid. 5% solutions of acid and potassium bichromate are mixed 1:1.
- Treatment with vinegar and soda. The affected areas are sprinkled with soda and sprayed with vinegar from a spray bottle.
- Wood treatment with 1% copper sulphate solution.
- Impregnation with hot resin. Very effective method for processing logs, fence stakes, benches in contact with the soil.
- Use of salt with boric acid. Mixture 50 g boric acid and 1 kg of salt per liter of water should be treated several times, with an interval of 2 hours, to process the tree.
All these methods are only suitable for healthy wood or when the tree has small lesions.
Modern methods of combating decay
There are two ways to reliably protect a tree: preservation and antiseptics.
During conservation, an agent with a long-term poisoning effect is applied to the timber or board. To do this, the wood is soaked in cold or hot baths, or the preservative penetrates into it using diffusion or autoclave impregnation. The method is applicable only in the factory.
Antiseptic involves self-impregnation of the material by applying chemical substances sprayer or roller. The antiseptic agent must be selected in accordance with the operating conditions of the wooden structure. For example, impregnations based on water and mineral spirits are safe and inexpensive, but can be easily washed off. Therefore, for elements in contact with moisture or soil, only water-repellent antiseptics are suitable.
Classification of antiseptics
When choosing a tool to process timber, it is worth understanding the main categories and types of protective compounds. There are three categories of wood protection compounds: paints, varnishes, antiseptics.
Paints perform both protective and aesthetic functions. For internal works it is better to choose water-soluble paints, and for outdoor - based on an organic solvent.
Lucky form protective film on the surface without changing its appearance. For outdoor use, varnishes with fungicides are used to kill mold, prevent cracking and fading of wood.
Antiseptics do a great job when the mold has already infected the tree. There are 5 types of them:
- Water soluble. Odorless, non-toxic, dry quickly. They are made on the basis of fluorides, silicofluorides of a mixture of boric acid, borax or zinc chloride. Not recommended for surfaces that are often in contact with moisture.
- Water repellent. differ more deep penetration into a tree. Suitable for processing structures of baths, cellars and cellars.
- On the organic solvents. Approved for indoor and outdoor use. Forms a thick film that dries up to 12 hours.
- Oil. Form a thick durable coating, insoluble in water. However, they should only be used with dry wood. When applied to wet wood, oil antiseptics do not prevent the reproduction of fungal spores inside the material.
- Combined. Applicable to any wood, additionally have anti-combustible properties.
How to apply a protective coating to wood
Applying antiseptics, varnishes and paints is not difficult. However, carrying out such work requires compliance with certain rules.
- Before processing, wear gloves, a protective mask and goggles.
- Clean the surface to be painted with a scraper from dirt, grease, old paint.
- Clean the board or timber with an old brush or emery.
- Wash the surface with water and detergent.
- Wait for the wood to dry completely.
- Read the instructions for how to apply the product.
- Start processing wooden structures from the ends, cuts, damaged areas.
- If it is necessary to apply several layers of coating, pause 2-3 hours between applying each layer.
What you need to know about mold protection
The protective composition should be selected based on the characteristics of the operation of the protected surface. For outdoor use, only hard-to-wash coatings are suitable. Such products will reliably protect wood for 30 years.
For wet rooms(cellars, baths) are necessary special means capable of withstanding sharp drops temperature.
A change in the color of the tree, the appearance of chips and cracks is a signal that an urgent need to update protective covering. It is recommended to alternate antiseptic compositions without re-treating the tree with the same composition..
Wood is a soft, but durable, favorite material for building houses in summer cottages. Even if the building is built of brick or foam blocks, logs, timber or boards are used to build a bathhouse, garage, gazebo, veranda. You can not do without wooden decor - a well, benches, swings, bridges. Fences and fences are also made of wood. To avoid the rapid destruction of the material, it is necessary to effectively protect the wood from external factors: excessive moisture, fire, insect pests.
If the moisture content of the material exceeds 15%, the structure of the wood begins to collapse: swell, delaminate, and then shrink. As a result, the products change their shape, cracks and gaps appear. Almost all wooden elements are affected high humidity, excluding, perhaps, sisal and rattan, as they come from the tropics.
The experiment showed that water does not penetrate into the pores of a bar treated with a water-repellent composition, while it is quickly absorbed into unprotected wood.
There are special solutions that protect wood from moisture. They are divided into two groups:
- penetrating;
- film-forming.
The first group provides a more reliable barrier against the penetration of liquid into the wood structure. The process of processing with the compositions of the second group must be repeated over time. Consider two means of resisting high humidity.
Aidol Langzeit-Lasur is a medium-viscosity impregnating compound, excellent for covering the walls of a house, country furniture, balcony and terrace railings, fences. Azure is safe enough to cover children's toys and buildings. It has many decorative shades: silver gray, teak, ebony, dark oak.
If wood is treated with Aidol Langzeit-Lasur impregnation conifers, it should be primed first. This rule also applies to products damaged by fungus or mold.
Belinka Interier Sauna contains acrylic resins, water and additives. This is a colorless azure, ideal for processing wood in baths or saunas. Two coats of the solution are applied with a roller, brush or sprayer.
Belinka Interier Sauna does not mask the natural texture of wood, but only makes it more silky and shiny. A can of azure 2.5 liters costs 950-1000 rubles
Ways to protect against decay
temperature fluctuations, precipitation, solar radiation lead to untimely rotting of wood. The first signs of decay are the appearance of mold and fungus. Large areas of foci indicate that the material can no longer be saved. If wooden crafts or buildings I experience atmospheric troubles, high humidity from precipitation and condensate, it will not be superfluous to carry out preventive work that will protect the wood from decay.
The best helpers in this matter are antiseptics, which are pastes or liquid solutions. Some of them are universal, that is, they protect the material not only from moldy fungi, but also from beetles. Examples of such formulations are two popular remedies.
PINOTEX IMPRA is used for processing wooden surfaces that are not subject to further decoration. Usually these are beams, roof slings, lathing details, that is, hidden parts of buildings. Impregnation has green color. On the wood covered with it, the appearance of mold, blue, fungus and rot is excluded.
The antiseptic Pinotex Impra goes on sale in large containers. Means price: 3 l - 1100 rubles, 10 l - 3350 rubles
Senezh Ecobio is used both as an independent coating and as a primer for varnish or paint. 2-3 layers of the product protect the wood from decay for 30 years.
If the wooden surface was originally treated with varnish, paint, drying oil or other water-repellent agents, it is useless to use SENEGE ECOBIO
Flame retardants - reliable fire protection
To protect wood from fire, there are fire-resistant solutions - flame retardants. For residential buildings, they are mandatory. Under the influence of a flame, the substance with which the wood is impregnated turns into a thin film that can prevent the flame for some time. Coatings are of different types:
- solutions;
- plasters;
- paints;
- coatings.
Flame retardant sample - NEOMID 530, impregnation for outdoor and indoor use. Guaranteed service life - 7 years. Reliably protects from fire wooden walls, ceilings, door and window blocks, partitions. The composition of the flame retardant does not change the structure of the wood. Lacquers, paints, primers can be applied over the fire retardant solution.
It should be borne in mind that when applying the flame retardant NEOMID 530, a slight tinting of the material occurs, depending on the type of wood, therefore, it is recommended to test it before starting work.
Pyrilax is a biopyrene that protects wood from fire and localizes fires. The prefix bio- means that the agent is at the same time a barrier to the appearance of mold and insects. The solution provides effective protection inside and outside the building, it is safe to handle buildings for poultry and livestock.
Pyrilax for external use is not washed out by precipitation for 13-15 years. Indoors, it provides protection for 25 years
Insects - no chance!
Tiny beetles can turn to dust wooden furniture, walls and floors of the house. Grinder beetles, barbels and weevils, together with their larvae, slowly but surely destroy the untreated construction material. Only protection of wood from harmful insects will save the situation.
It is much easier and cheaper to take preventive measures than to replace damaged logs and beams. Insecticidal solutions will expel already settled pests from shelters and block the way for newcomers. Can apply folk remedies- a solution of tar in turpentine, chlorophos, paraffin or a mixture of kerosene and carbolic acid. But compositions for professional processing are more effective.
Boron Aqua Lacquer impregnates the surface of the wood, protecting it from any negative manifestations from the outside, including beetles. They cover window and door blocks, skirting boards, stairs, railings, fences, wooden walls of houses. Transparent impregnation does not distort the texture of wood, only changes its color to the desired one. The varnish can be diluted with water, but its percentage should not exceed 10%.
The number of layers of applied Aqua-lacquer depends on the location wooden elements: indoors two are enough, outside - at least three
Tonotex antiseptic serves both to protect wooden surfaces and to decorate. Its composition emphasizes the texture of wood without changing its properties. The range of various shades allows you to give ordinary wood the color of one of the valuable wood species.
Tonotex refers to the universal compositions that are used for wood processing on the territory suburban area: it will protect against both atmospheric troubles and biological threats
Comprehensive protection of residential buildings
If we compare country house, built in the middle of the last century, and modern country cottage, you can see a big difference. It concerns the appearance of wood. The old houses had practically no additional protection, so after a few years the logs became porous, gray, covered with cracks and small holes. Now, thanks to the complex processing of all wooden parts and structures, the appearance of houses does not change over time.
Construction supermarkets offer a wide range of protective compounds for wood: both affordable domestic and more expensive foreign-made
Various impregnations, solutions, azures, varnishes and paints contain substances that protect wood from insects, rapid wear and decay. Using protective compounds when building a house, you can make it really impregnable, reliable and safe.