After receiving land for a cottage or dacha, the owners have a problem: what trees to plant on the site? This issue is the second most important after the capital buildings. An unsuccessful garden bed or flower bed can be redone next year, and tree crops develop for a long time, you may notice your mistake when the apple tree has already reached a large size and is bearing fruit. Do not rush to the nursery, first of all, open the plan of the territory and mark the landing sites on it. When you are sure that everything is done correctly, you can purchase planting material.
What breeds to choose
Of course, any summer resident wants to have on the site all kinds of plants that exist in the world. You have to limit yourself.
The list of desired crops will be significantly reduced by the following conditions:
- climate;
- plot size;
- relief features;
- the soil;
- the ability to provide complex care.
The success of breeders allows you to grow exotic plants in middle lane but their possibilities are not unlimited. Palm trees in the open air in the Arctic will not grow, no matter how hard you try. First of all, pay attention to the species that have always grown in your area. If you want exotic novelties, contact your local nursery, experts will give you advice on which varieties can survive in your conditions. At the same time, keep in mind that rare breeds require careful care. Do you have enough time and energy to properly grow a capricious tree?
Features of the soil and relief also make their own adjustments. Not every tree can survive in a swamp, on a stone cliff covered with thin layer rocky ground, or on steep northern slopes. Ground waters are distinguished by great insidiousness. The seedling will take root perfectly, will grow for several years, but will die as soon as the roots grow to a wet layer. You can arrange good drainage, dig huge pits in rocky ground and fill them with fertile soil - the tree will still feel bad. Think about whether these efforts are worth a bucket of fruit, maybe it would be right to plant other species, and buy a bucket of peaches on the market.
How many trees will fit on the plot
Any site is not unlimited and can accommodate a certain number of trees and tall shrubs. If you plant fruit crops too close together to save space, they will grow oppressed, often get sick and produce a poor harvest. Remember that trees should be planted at a distance of at least 5 m from one another, and between tall shrubs there should be at least 3 m.
On the small areas it would be correct to give preference to the columnar form. The crown of these trees has the appearance of a neat column, takes up little space and facilitates care. Trees on dwarf rootstocks are very convenient. When harvesting from low plantations, you do not have to pretend to be a stuntman, trying to reach an apple hanging at a height of ten meters.
When calculating the number of trees of the same species, it should be taken into account that some species, such as cherries and sweet cherries, grow only in groups. If you do not really like these berries, do not plant one on the site. Cherry tree, it is better to completely abandon such plants. Some breeds such as Walnut, do not tolerate the neighborhood of other species and will oppress the apple trees and peaches planted around it.
When planting tall crops near the border of the site, you enter into legislative relations with your neighbors. A beautiful young linden in a few years will grow to 30 m, develop a lush crown and shade half of someone else's territory. If you want to have tall trees, plant them on the south side of the recreation and picnic area, where they will create a pleasant coolness in the summer heat.
Dwarf trees or shrubs up to 2 m high are suitable for hedges. When planting tall species, choose those that tolerate a haircut well, and you can always shorten them in accordance with the norms.
A good fence will come from the following shrubs:
- lilac;
- dwarf spruce.
The side facing the busy highway can also be fenced off with tall trees. lush crown protect the site from noise, dust and exhaust gases. In this place, it is not recommended to plant fruit crops or plants whose leaves and flowers you are going to use for medicinal purposes.
Even in the smallest area they are sure to grow fruit trees. When laying a garden, an inexperienced summer resident may choose the wrong breed. As a result, the main area will be occupied by crops whose fruits you do not particularly need, and there will be little room for the most important fruits. Before buying seedlings, think, do you need 20 cherries? In a few years, they will give such a harvest that it will be enough for a whole microdistrict. If you want to grow berries for commercial purposes, then do it, but one family does not need so many fruits.
You have already defined . Now make a list of the breeds you want to plant. In the first line, mark the most reliable and necessary, for example. The next item will go to crops of lesser importance, and the list of plantings that can be dispensed with is closed. Also last, take trees that are poorly adapted to natural and climatic conditions your site. Purchases start from the top line and move down. In this way, you will correctly set up a garden that is guaranteed to provide you with the most necessary fruits.
If there is not enough space in the garden and you want to grow different types of apples or plums, use grafting. On one tree you will have branches with fruits different varieties.
When space allows, you can experiment, try to grow exotic fruit trees. If you choose the right varieties and skillfully take care of the plantings, peaches will grow in the northern regions, and bananas and mangoes in the south. Only if you plant a plot with some rare crops, you risk being completely without a crop.
In any garden, it is desirable to have several varieties of the following crops:
- apple trees;
- mountain ash;
decorative landings
In the country, you can plant not only fruit trees, but also decorative rocks. Birch at the gate, mountain ash under the window, cypress alley will give the site individuality, create good mood. If the area allows, you can arrange a small forest with a barbecue, a fire for picnics. Strawberries will grow in an open clearing, in the shade -. If you want to plant mushrooms, keep in mind that each species loves its own tree. Butterflies and mushrooms grow well under Christmas trees, aspen and boletus - in deciduous forests.
When planting trees on the site, one should not forget about the safety of the owners and guests. Should not be grown poisonous plants. Breeds with fragile wood should be located away from houses and paths: when strong wind a large branch can break off and fall on a person or knock out a window. When planting trees near buildings, it must be taken into account that plants with strong roots destroy the foundation over time.
If you believe in horoscopes and folk omens, you can decorate the site in accordance with the magical recommendations. Sometimes these tips contradict each other. There is only one way out: trust your intuition. Hold a seedling in your hands, imagine it as a mature tree on your site and think about how you feel about it. It is believed that willow and willow have no place in the garden, they symbolize suffering and death. But if in your dreams a pond surrounded by these thickets is associated with happiness, romantic feelings, peace - create such a corner, nothing bad plant they won't bring you.
To decorate the landscape, you can dig up trees or shrubs growing in the nearest forest, or purchase specially bred ornamental species. From ordinary spruce, breeders have created many varieties with a wide variety of needle colors.
To create a design, you can use:
- acacia;
- larch;
- cypress;
- palm tree
- bird cherry;
- mountain ash;
How to plant trees
The best time to plant ornamental and stone fruit trees is early spring. It is desirable that the seedlings have not yet begun to produce leaves. Seed crops - apple, pear - should be planted in the fall. The age of the seedling is 1-2 years. Young trees tolerate transplanting more easily, take root quickly. It is advisable not to order trees from remote regions, but to purchase from a local nursery, then you will be sure that this species can live in your climate.
You brought seedlings, now you need to mark the holes. Try to place plantings so that the tallest trees are on the north side of the garden, and the dwarf ones are on the south, then everyone will have enough sun.
Each breed has its own subtleties of landing, but there are general rules.
- The size of the hole should be such that the roots fit freely there.
- At the bottom you need to pour sand or gravel for drainage.
- When backfilling, first of all, the top fertile layer of soil is thrown onto the roots.
- The grafting site should be a few centimeters above ground level.
- The planted tree must be tied to a firmly fixed peg so that the wind does not sway it.
After planting, be attentive to the young tree. Shade it before rooting and keep the soil moist. It will be correct to add hydrogel to the soil when planting, it regulates soil moisture both in drought and during prolonged rains. Be sure to mulch trunk circle, then loosening and weeding is not required, and you will not disturb the finely located roots.
Conclusion
On the suburban area first of all, you need to plant trees that grow well and bear fruit in your conditions. If there is not enough room for ornamental crops, you can make an apple or cherry alley, surround a recreation area with fruit crops. exotic cultures it is better to plant if there is free space and time for complex care.
When landing, you need to take into account. Some varieties do not set fruit at all if there is no tree of a similar type nearby. Cherries and sweet cherries alone will give a meager harvest. If you are afraid that you yourself will not be able to cope with this work, contact the specialists. A qualified team will properly green the site, you just have to take care of the plants and harvest.
At all stages of creating an orchard, care must be taken to ensure that trees and shrubs not only actively bear fruit, but also do not grow wild over the site. Such a proven method as a trellis (sometimes called cordon or flat) will come to the rescue when creating an ornamental orchard. Decorating a garden with trees is a task no less important than laying out flower beds and mixborders; for its implementation, you need to have excellent taste and, of course, sufficient knowledge.
There is hardly a person who would not be delighted with the exquisite design of the orchard: exuberant spring flowering of apple trees, brutal wrinkled trunks of old specimens and magnificent crown graphics attract attention and give aesthetic pleasure.
Apple trees are long-lived trees, they are often kept as a good memory of the fathers and grandfathers who laid the garden. How to place trees in the garden so that old plantings do not interfere with young ones? Do not remove old-timers, if they are healthy, arrange a lawn under them. If put under such trees on the lawn garden furniture, then you get a cozy living room on fresh air, where you can meet guests, organize an evening tea party, just sit in the family circle. And what amazing shadows cast by old trees on the lawn on a hot summer day!
Before planning orchard, based on the needs of the family, determine what area this or that crop should occupy in the garden, the presence of several varieties of different ripening periods will extend the period of fruit consumption. When planting actinidia and sea buckthorn, keep in mind that in order to ensure fruiting for 4-5 female plants one male is required.
At the southern walls, where plants receive additional heat, plant the most heat-loving plants - grapes, cherries, apricots. In terms of an orchard, planting patterns should match the final size of the plants in a few years, typical mistake many gardeners - thickened plantings.
Design of trees in the garden at all stages of creation
AT landscape design orchard occupies special place: manicured fruit trees and berry bushes very attractive, especially during flowering and fruit ripening.
And with the help of forms such as cordons and palmettes, especially in wall culture, you can make a garden masterpiece out of them. In addition, these crown shapes allow more economical use of the area. Molded plants feel great, grow well, do not get sick, bear fruit abundantly, their life expectancy not only does not decrease, but also increases. Knowledge is needed in this matter, talent will not interfere, but the most important thing is method, scrupulousness and patience, you cannot start to form a plant, and then forget about it or change your mind. When planning an orchard, if you do not feel in yourself an inclination for such painstaking work, you should not even start, but success will certainly await the stubborn.
The trellis method is successfully used for stone fruit trees of the type and pear grafted onto a dwarf or semi-dwarf rootstock (the height of an adult plant is from 1.5 to 3.5 m), saving space (the thickness of the trellis is small, only 30-50 cm) and turning house walls and fences into works of garden art.
The trellis method is successfully used for stone fruit trees such as apple and pear, grafted onto a dwarf or semi-dwarf rootstock (the height of an adult plant is from 1.5 to 3.5 m), saving space (the thickness of the trellis is small, only 30-50 cm) and turning the walls of the house and fences into works of garden art.
The tapestry on the side wall of the house consists of a developed central conductor and several horizontal tiers of the main skeletal branches. The distance between the tiers is 50 cm. Annual seedlings are allowed to grow for a year, in the next season they are shortened to a height of 60-70 cm from the soil surface, leaving only two of the side shoots, thus laying the first tier of the main skeletal branches, later on the central conductor appear new shoots, from which branches of the second, third and so on tiers are formed. It is not necessary to achieve a strict opposite placement of branches along a row in a tier on a central conductor, placing the bases of the branches 10-15 cm one above the other is even more desirable for the development of the plant. When the main branches, in tiers, reach a length of 70-80 cm, they are bent in opposite directions and attached to the wire. It is necessary to monitor the subordination of the branches in the crown, achieving a decreasing growth force in the tiers in the direction from the lower to the upper branches. side shoots on skeletal branches not uko
grow, steeply growing upward shoots are removed. The formation of the crown stops after reaching the desired height, most often it is 2.5-3m.
When planning the design of trees in the garden, in order to form a two-arm cordon, it is necessary to create a support consisting of short vertical posts and one or more horizontal rows of wire, depending on the number of cordon tiers. The first row of wire is pulled at a height of 50 cm from the soil surface. The method is suitable for apple, pear and plum trees. An annual seedling is cut at a height of 20-30 cm from the ground, two branches are left from the branches that have appeared, which are tied to a tightly stretched horizontal wire. In the spring they are shortened, in the summer all side branches are cut over 6-8 leaves. Horizontal cordons can have several tiers. When designing an orchard, to form a second tier, in addition to two shoulders, one more vertical shoot is left, from which two shoulders are also formed at a level of 40-50 cm from the previous one.
Usually a cordon or palmette support is a row wooden poles with a wire stretched horizontally every 50-60 cm, sometimes used as a support metal fence with horizontal bars laid on brackets.
A trellis made of apple or pear trees turns a banal fence into a unique work of garden art, and the harvest on it ripens excellent. The place for planting such "structures" must be chosen responsibly, the trellises must be well lit (especially fruit ones) and located parallel to the direction of the prevailing winds in the area.
The main difficulty in caring for tapestries is to maintain the created artificial forms. To do this, 3-4 times per season is carried out summer pruning- pinching, stimulating the formation of flower buds. It must also be remembered that such plants need timely fertilization and good care generally.
A beautiful orchard must contain well-formed berry crops. Red in standard form. Red currant is very decorative in the form of a wall on a trellis.
How to plan a beautiful orchard
The fruit garden area is best placed on north side plot, planting trees in a checkerboard pattern with distances between tall apple trees of 5 m, between undersized - 4 m, between cherries and plums - 3 m.
Look at the photo of the garden decoration with trees and shrubs: for the cultivation of fruit and berry crops, it is necessary to allocate the most sunny places, as they will tolerate light shading, but this will reduce the yield and its quality. Lowered areas are of little use for the garden: cold air flows here, and 1-2 missing degrees during the flowering period can destroy the entire crop. Closed depressions of the relief - "saucers" - are especially dangerous. Both excess moisture and air can stagnate in them.
Is it possible to plant something under a fruit tree? Hold the near-trunk circle of a one-year-old or two-year-old seedling with a radius of about a meter under black fallow, not forgetting to weed out the weeds, until he is five years old, let him calmly grow up and mature. It refers to fruit plants and decorative. If we are talking about an adult tree, plants with a root system a few centimeters in size cannot damage it?!
Perennials are also planted under the trees, real English mixborders are arranged under them, in particular old apple trees, this does not depress.
Landing without site preparation: right on the lawn, in virgin lands, in heavily trampled earth, etc.
Effects. Young plants suffer, die or live, but hardly bear fruit.
How right. At least 1 square meter must extend around each landing point. m loose and fertile soil. Fruit and berry crops should not be planted in virgin lands at all: it is better to postpone planting for a year, and dig up the site (next season you can grow annual flowers, zucchini or other vegetables on it). At least 1 square meter must be removed from the lawn. m of turf, dig a lawn tape around the perimeter, add 1 bucket of humus to the ground, dig it up, and then make a landing hole.
Mistake 2
Plants planted too close together.
Effects. The grown trees and shrubs quickly begin to interfere with each other.
Distances between fruit plants
*If different cultures are in the same row, then the distance between them is calculated using approximate formulas:
Distance = (plant interval 1 + plant interval 2) : 2
Distance = (expected maximum height mature plant 1 + expected maximum height of mature plant 2) : 3.
Mistake 3
No landing pit: instead, the plant is offered a hole the size of a root system or container.
Effects. Very poor growth, poor harvest.
How right. Planting hole (average size 40 x 40 x 40 cm for berries and 60 x 60 x 60 cm for fruit crops) is mandatory in all areas where there is no close occurrence of groundwater.
Error 4
Unsuitable substrate for planting: the plant is placed directly on compost pit or completely fill the hole with humus, earth from the forest and other foreign substances.
Effects. The plant is sick, falls deep into or leans to the ground.
How right. For all crops except blueberries, lingonberries and cranberries, the planting hole under the roots should be filled with local soil with additives to improve its properties, and root system covered with earth without any additives.
Classic landing technology
When excavating the earth from a pit for planting, a mound is kept next to it from a dark fertile layer, and light soil from the lower horizons is discarded (in the aisle or to another place). When planting large (in the future) plants - apple trees, pears, cherries - a reliable stake 2 m high is driven into the bottom of the pit. Part of the dark soil is mixed at the bottom of the pit with humus, complex mineral fertilizer is added according to the instructions, ash, and other additives to improve the soil ( sand for heavy soil, some clay for sandy, low-lying peat, etc.). Sprinkle a mound of the resulting mixture with clean earth, set the seedling at the recommended depth and cover it with dark soil. During the planting process, they trample the earth with their feet if the seedling was with open roots, or knead it with their hands if the plant is potted. Be sure to water it abundantly, after absorbing moisture, sprinkle the trunk circle with dry soil. Currants, gooseberries, honeysuckle are cut at a height of 5-7 cm from the ground, fruit seedlings tied to a peg "eight".
How to dig seedlings
You will need a place that does not get wet in the area where the snow will not melt first. There they dig a hole (for one or two seedlings) or a groove (if there are more) for two spade bayonets. The excavated soil is poured with a roller on one side. Seedlings without packaging are wrapped in plastic mesh or cover with spruce branches (to protect against mice) and put in a recess with a stem on a roller. Plants in pots are placed on a substrate of sawdust, fallen leaves or other loose material and surround the container from all sides with it (otherwise it will be difficult to get it in the spring). Then they throw it with compacted soil taken nearby - you should get a mound as high as the first mound.
Mistake 5
"Temporary" landing: if it is impossible to find a suitable place or to comply with all the rules and terms of planting, if there are doubts about the quality of the seedlings, the owners often plant plants "for a while" in completely inappropriate places or several pieces in one hole. Seedlings in containers are sometimes transferred to a larger pot, which is left to stand on the site.
Effects. As a rule, the owner, who has attached the seedlings, relaxes and is in no hurry to solve the problem that prevented him from planting them immediately and properly. As a result, trees or bushes suffer in a “temporary apartment” for years, until they die or wait for a very traumatic and difficult move to a normal place. A seedling in a pot left standing on the ground runs the risk of freezing in winter.
How right. Temporary planting until next autumn is permissible only for small one-year-old seedlings, and only on a good bed at intervals of at least 30-40 cm from each other. In other cases, it is better not to plant the plants, but to dig in until spring.
Every host country house wants to have an orchard on his land: apple, cherry, from different varieties and types of crops. In spring, trees and bushes bloom delightfully, smell fragrant, fruits and berries grown with one's own hand are always tastier than those purchased in the market or in a store. In addition, the products are environmentally friendly. A blooming orchard is perceived as a symbol of well-being and abundance.
Where to locate an orchard
Growing a garden is not easy. Main mistake beginner gardeners in that they are in a hurry to master the site without having studied the culture of planting. Seedlings planted without taking into account the characteristics and compatibility eventually begin to become infected with diseases and oppress each other. Proper placement of fruit trees in the garden, taking into account sunny and shady areas, soil types, depth of groundwater, is the key to a future successful garden.
Nature itself helps to determine the suitability and unsuitability of land for gardening. Maple, mountain ash, wild pear grow on richer soils, alder, willow, sedge grow in wetlands. Dense clay and stony soil is not suitable for laying a garden. Perfect option- chernozem, but more often plants are planted on medium acid soils. The main thing is to do it away from conifers and birches, on the territory freed from fallen leaves.
In areas with high groundwater, plants also cannot develop well, since the roots will constantly be in the water, rot from lack of oxygen and nutrients. The optimum water level for fruit trees should be no closer than 15 m from the surface. But for shrubs (gooseberries, currants and raspberries), water can be 1 m and not harm the plants.
There are no trifles in the organization of gardening. Listen to the opinions and advice of experienced gardeners and gardeners. Decide on your preferences in advance. No need to follow the dream and buy twice as many seedlings as you can then grow. Below are options for planting horticultural crops in small household plots.
The best compatibility of fruit trees and shrubs
The best compatibility of fruit trees in the garden is achieved if they are located in homogeneous groups (apple trees with apple trees, pears with pears). But only the owners of large plantations or production cooperatives have such opportunities. Therefore, it will be necessary to study in detail the compatibility of plants and the rules for planting them in small areas.
Compatibility is affected by light, nutrition, soil, top dressing, allelopathy ( negative impact). In the table, the cells indicating an undesirable neighborhood of plants are highlighted in red, and favorable in green. Empty cells indicate the neutral nature of the neighborhood.
Apple tree- the most unpretentious fruit tree. It gets along with many garden and horticultural crops, has a powerful root system. While the apple tree is young, raspberry bushes have a beneficial effect on its development (loosen the soil). Apple trees develop faster and bear fruit abundantly if a couple of deciduous or coniferous trees. Ash-leaved maple releases phytoncides and protects the apple tree from pests.
many kinds pears fruitless, so they need to be planted in pairs. They do not tolerate apple trees, plums, currants, gooseberries growing nearby, but they favor mountain ash, oak and poplar. The juniper is considered the most harmful neighbor.
Cherry does not tolerate currants, raspberries, gooseberries and easily gets along with cherries and plums. Superficial cherry roots can fill the entire area.
Different varieties plums(Russian, Chinese, Amur) cannot be planted together, but they get along well with cherries and maples. And the black elderberry saves the plum from aphids.
Grape perfectly combined with Chinese lemongrass, pear, gets along well with raspberries and cherries, cherries and apple trees. Does not tolerate the neighborhood of quince and hazel.
Cherriesgrows well in the same garden with cherries and plums, but is not happy with the neighborhood of apple and pear. It has powerful roots and takes away nutrients from weaker plants.
Honeysuckle and black currant good neighbors, but they don’t get along with red currants. But gooseberries are friends with her.
Sea buckthorn it is compatible with many shrubs and trees, but it must be planted carefully, otherwise it will clog any plant with its long roots. To limit the spread of roots around the sea buckthorn, slate or iron shields are dug in. Sea buckthorn is a useful medicinal plant.
Currant different varieties are not planted side by side. Red berries need more intense lighting. Plant blackcurrants next to honeysuckle, away from cherries, apples, and raspberries.
Gooseberry goes well with red currants. He needs a lot of sun. The main external enemy of the shrub is the gooseberry moth. Gooseberries grow well next to plums and pears.
Raspberry will take out many neighbors in the garden. It is photophilous, with an aggressive root system. Raspberries are usually planted in two rows and growth is stopped in neighboring beds. Gooseberry and currant bushes next to raspberries will wither away.
In the garden between the trees it is useful to sow anise, tarragon, basil, parsley, coriander, lemon balm, thyme. Their odorous substances, repelling pests, restrain the spread of many diseases.
What trees and shrubs can not be planted together
The main reasons for the suppression of one plant by another are:
- crown shading;
- competition for nutrients;
- occurrence of the root system at the same depth;
- highlighting unpleasant or harmful substances;
- pathogens transmitted in close proximity.
Place incompatible plant species in one area should be in opposite corners of the garden. It is not recommended to plant garden area bird cherry, hawthorn and hazel. They act depressingly on neighboring plants.
Fruit and berry crops can be affected by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and infected by insects. Tip: carefully study the tables indicating the undesirable neighborhood of plants in the garden.
Orchard planting schemes
It is more practical to lay a garden from the south or southeast side, lining up rows of trees from north to south. So fruit crops will be illuminated by the sun most day. To reduce shading, the outer rows are filled with undersized crops, the inner rows with taller specimens.
Ornamental shrubs (viburnum, wild rose, mountain ash, hawthorn) are best located outside the garden plot along the perimeter, as they inhibit the growth of fruit crops.
Trees are planted three meters from the buildings, and young trees are never planted next to old ones, so that the root system of the latter does not oppress the young shoots. Fruit species with a seed rootstock take root well in elevated areas in a small group or separately standing tree. With shallow groundwater, it is advisable to plant crops on dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks (columnar apple trees).
With dense plantings, fruit crops begin to fight for lighting, nutrition and space. To correctly calculate the garden planting scheme, consider the following indicators: the diameter of the crown and root system of the future tree, the biological characteristics and the timing of its ripening.
When planting apple trees in a row, keep a distance between them of at least 3 m (for plums - 2 m, for pears and cherries - 2.5 m), with circular plantings - 5-7 m from each other. This is necessary for better cross-pollination, more fruit set and easier harvesting.
Scheme of regular placement of fruit trees:
It is best to purchase seedlings in a nursery, paying attention to the length of the roots (at least 25 cm), their branching and the absence of growths. The leaves should be carefully cut off, leaving the stem part, buds and main branches intact, and the roots should be wrapped with burlap, reducing moisture loss. Landing is carried out no later than three weeks before the onset of stable cold weather.
Fertilizers, ash, and humus are added to the planting pits with a diameter twice as large as the root system of the seedling. Then the seedlings are immersed in the holes, leaving the root neck at a level of 5 cm above the ground, and sprinkled on top sawdust with peat. Seedlings in a container are planted in a planting hole without deepening the seedling, without breaking the earthen clod.
When to plant fruit: in autumn or spring?
Most of the trees and shrubs are planted in the ground after the completion of the growing season - in the fall, until November. The exception is the period of leaf fall. Once the plants have shed their leaves, they are ready to be transplanted. For young seedlings, such an operation is very responsible. They must have time to take root before the topsoil freezes.
Autumn plantings do not require special care from the gardener, except for watering, but even that is often replaced by autumn rains. Injured seedlings themselves are easily restored, and in the spring they begin active growth. Summer residents have time to complete other tasks. garden work. Perfectly tolerate the autumn planting of apple trees, pears, cherries, cherry plums, mulberries, a significant part of varietal plums. As a rule, such trees produce larger fruits.
Some seedlings with lower frost resistance, brought from other climatic regions and not overwintered under similar conditions, are planted in spring. These include all stone fruits (peach, cherry, apricot), chestnut and walnut. Spring plantings are produced until the buds open and the moisture is gone. Landing pits are prepared in the fall or a couple of weeks before the landing procedure.
When will the orchard begin to bear fruit?
The timing of fruiting horticultural crops depends on the variety of seedlings, the type of rootstock, as well as the correct and timely landing trees and their care.
So, apple trees of the varieties Bely filling, Simirenko, grafted onto a dwarf rootstock (M 9), and Williams pears, Forest Beauty bear fruit already in the third or fourth year, and some even in the second. Sweet cherries and cherries of the Lyubskaya variety begin to bear fruit even in the nursery. But you can get a bucket only after 3-4 years. Berries of black and red currants, shadberry, gooseberries, viburnum, the first crops are harvested in the third year of life.
An orchard is not only delicious fruits, but also a whole arsenal of medicinal products. Roots, seeds, bark, leaves, shoots and flowers - all can be useful for treatment. An infusion of apple leaves lowers blood pressure, gooseberries cleanse blood vessels, and pear buds remove salts and toxins from the body. A decoction of cherry cuttings helps fight cystitis. Apricots and plums have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract and heart. Quince heals joints. Black currant is a storehouse of vitamins.
If the garden is grown on a large area, it can become an object for business. Apple trees, for example, with the use of modern intensive technologies, give a sufficient harvest for the next year. The apple orchard business brings a steady profit every year. And yet, the food issue is not the main goal of the gardener.
In winter, we look forward to a new holiday season to return to evening tea parties at sunset, pleasant conversations, childhood memories and complete freedom of thoughts and deeds, the silence and fragrance of the native garden and juicy apples on the table.
Every experienced gardener knows which trees can be planted side by side on the site, and which plants and shrubs need to be planted away from each other. It is very important for beginner gardeners and gardeners to know the compatibility of fruit trees and shrubs so as not to disturb the root system of plants and get good harvest.
Competent bookmark personal plot- a guarantee of an excellent harvest of berry and fruit crops. Every summer resident should know that when planting shrubs and trees, the compatibility of fruit trees is very important so that each plant has enough nutrients for growth and fruiting.
Regardless of the size of the site, first of all you need to prepare the soil, since then it will be more difficult to fix something.
Soil Requirements
What should be the land when laying a garden? The ideal option is fertile black soil. It is undesirable to plant trees and shrubs in sprayed soil; wetlands, as well as dense clay and rocky ones, will not work either.
It is highly undesirable to try to set up a garden in wetlands, hollows and closed pits. You can try, you just need to fertilize the soil well and make a fertile mixture.
Fruit plants will not please you with a harvest in areas with high watering, when groundwater passes almost on the surface. Plants will not be able to exist and develop in such difficult conditions, the roots will be constantly in the water and will gradually rot from a lack of nutrients and oxygen. If you are new to this business and do not yet know what kind of soil you got, as an experiment, you can plant a few fruit shrubs and watch the plant. If you see that the branches of the plant began to dry out with well-moistened soil, this indicates that the plant lacks nutrients, and the groundwater is too high. Of course, you can do otherwise and immediately invite specialists to assess the fertility of the soil and do everything in advance so that after planting there is no additional hassle with fertilizer and the introduction of a fertile mixture.
Is the groundwater level so important when planting seedlings? Of course, each plant has its own norms and rules, so if you want to plant a pear or an apple tree on the site, then it is very important to check the level of groundwater, it should not reach 2 m from the surface of the earth. Plum and cherry are more picky in this regard, since the optimal water level should be no closer than 15 m, but for such fruit bushes as raspberries, currants and gooseberries, it is possible that the groundwater level is almost on the surface, but not closer, than 1 m.
What you need to consider in order to properly place all fruit trees and shrubs on the site:
- The level of occurrence of groundwater.
- Shading.
- Plant compatibility.
- Compliance with crop rotation.
When the year turned out to be dry, this has an extremely negative effect on productivity, but when the soil always remains wet, this is also bad, the plants suffer from excess moisture. It is very important to determine the level of groundwater and take appropriate measures, if there is an excess of liquid, try to remove moisture. In the lowland, you can dig a ditch or plant those crops that need more moisture.
The basic rule when planting fruit trees is that all stone fruit crops should be planted higher, preferably on elevated terrain. This is the only way to expect a good harvest.
Compatibility of trees and shrubs in the garden
Even in the old textbooks for beginner gardeners there is very little information regarding the influence of plants on each other (fruit bushes and fruit trees). Experienced gardeners gain all the baggage of knowledge empirically, and then willingly share it with beginners. It turns out that it is not enough just to buy a plot of land and buy different seedlings, and then get down to work together with the whole family. No, it turns out that when planting some trees in the garden, it is important to consider their compatibility. Perhaps the neighborhood will inhibit plants growing nearby, or vice versa, promote active growth. For example, seemingly harmless apple trees cannot stand the close proximity of such stone fruits as plum and cherry. Therefore, if you want to plant these trees on your site, you must maintain a certain distance.
Tree and Shrub Compatibility Chart
It is very important to consider the compatibility of trees with other plants, since each fruit tree or shrub releases its own "secret", such secretions can negatively affect the development of neighboring plants. This applies not only to ground action, but also underground, because each plant has its own root system. Each crop develops differently and it may happen that one plant will remain in the shade and be deprived of nutrition and sunlight, while another will grow. It turns out that the so-called "powerful representatives" of fruit trees (these are some varieties of pears, apple trees and plums) will suppress the growth of fruit bushes and stone fruits. If you choose the right plants and plant them in a certain order, you can get not only a good harvest, but also protection from pests (the plants will independently protect each other from pests).
Pay attention to the compatibility table of fruit trees and shrubs in the garden:
The undesirable neighborhood of plants is highlighted in red, the favorable neighborhood is highlighted in green. We draw conclusions: for example, if you plant, for example, a walnut next to any fruit bushes and trees, it will suppress the growth of these plants. It is known that this tree is not friendly with any fruit trees. Despite this, the walnut repels insects. You can plant this tree on your site, only away from shrubs and fruit trees.
There are gardeners who dream of growing hazel on their plot, so as not to look for this tree in the forest, but to harvest on their plot. Here, too, you need to be careful, since hazel also acts depressingly on neighboring plants.
Check out the list of plants that do not get along with apple and pear:
- lilac;
- jasmine;
- fir;
- viburnum;
- horse chestnut.
What can be planted near a pear and an apple tree:
- sweet cherry;
- cherry;
- raspberries.
And, of course, an apple tree. This tree feels good next door to its fellows, even if the apple tree variety is different. When planting young apple seedlings, the following should be taken into account: do not try to plant a seedling in the place where the old apple tree grew. It is better to retreat at least a few meters from this place and plant a seedling, then the young apple tree will delight you with lush flowering.
Planting tree compatibility:
- Cherry gets along well with apple trees, grapes, and cherries. You can plant several cherry seedlings side by side. Plants will not interfere with each other. By the way, next to the cherries there should not be a blackcurrant bush.
- We choose a place for planting plums - away from the pear and next to the blackcurrant.
- Cherry should also be planted away from pears, apples, plums and cherry plums, as this tree with a powerful root system clogs other plants. In the neighborhood of cherries, it is undesirable to have such shrubs as raspberries, gooseberries and currants (red and white).
- If you want to plant blackberries or raspberries right under a peach or apricot to save space on your yard, these shrubs will delight you with a rich harvest.
- Raspberries and red currants do not get along with each other.
- Mulberry also does not tolerate neighborhood with other trees and shrubs, it can only be “friends” with its fellows, so next to the mulberry, you can plant another mulberry seedling, only of a different variety, so as not to be repeated.
- Sea buckthorn is a prickly plant that does not get along with other trees and shrubs. The neighborhood with a walnut is also undesirable.
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the option of planning a personal plot. Dimensions 24x40 m:
Along the perimeter of the site (borders on 3 sides), you can plant fruit bushes: rose hips, raspberries, currants, sea buckthorn or plant ornamental trees. In the upper right corner, select a place for growing horticultural crops, and to separate the border between the vegetable garden and the orchard, plant a row of apple trees. Next to the recreation area on the right side of the site, fruit trees will feel great: cherry and plum, and in the shade of these trees you can put a bench to rest in the midday heat. Strawberries, strawberries, roses and other flowers can be planted on the opposite side of the plot so that these plants do not interfere with others.
By the way, roses do not tolerate neighborhood with other plants, so try to allocate a separate place for the queen of the flower.
Fruit trees and shrubs do not really like the close proximity to birch, this tree should be planted away from buildings, orchard and garden crops. A powerful root system draws maximum nutrients from the ground and takes all the moisture. For the same reason, it is undesirable to plant coniferous trees and maples nearby. If there is enough space on your site, then you can take a chance and plant a few firs and birches. By the way, under the wide crown of maples, you can plant a fern or periwinkle.
Another feature of coniferous trees that needs to be taken into account is that spruces are able to acidify the soil, so ferns, callas or begonias can be planted next to conifers. These plants love acidic soils. And here stone fruit trees and pome fruits, on the contrary, do not tolerate acidic soils.
If you want each plant in your plant to receive maximum nutrients, you must take into account the rules for the compatibility of fruit trees in the garden, and also do not forget about the composition of the soil. If crops such as strawberries, apple trees, gooseberries and cherries feel good in moderately acidic soil, then other crops will need a different soil composition. To get closer to the ideal and “make” the soil moderately acidic, you can bring some soil from the coniferous forest or buy peat.
Neutral soils are ideal for growing horticultural crops and most garden plants as well as flowers. If you love roses, peonies, chrysanthemums and carnations, you can stock up on seeds. Slightly acidic soils are suitable for growing lilies, but slightly alkaline soils will be ideal for garden crops such as cabbage, carrots and onions.
It is necessary to free the site from fallen leaves in a timely manner, since the secretions of some plants negatively affect the development of neighboring crops. So, coniferous trees and chestnuts interfere with other trees with their secretions. The list can be supplemented: these are oak, elder, willow and poplar.
When choosing plants that can be planted on the site, it is necessary to take into account their compatibility with flowers and the adaptability of each plant to different types soils. So, roses and begonias will need stable watering, but irises, cornflowers and carnations can long time do without moisture.
Tree planting rules: