Having familiarized yourself with the theoretical part of what a pergola is, types, shapes and styles, you can proceed directly to the practical part - how to make a pergola with your own hands for a summer residence.
Depending on the type of pergola and the complexity of the design, the work can take from one to several days, and is carried out in several successive stages, from the idea to planting and decoration.
How to make a wooden pergola with your own hands - step-by-step instruction
Stage 1 - design
The design of the pergola itself is not complicated, because their diversity does not affect the stylistic decisions, the pergola device includes support posts, decorative sections and a roof. When developing a wooden pergola project, you need to take into account:
- the roof and walls are thought out in such a way as to provide maximum shade in the midday heat. Here it is important to take into account the location of the pergola, the presence of a number of trees and buildings;
- sufficiency of lighting. The pergola creates a pleasant shade, and does not hide part of the site from the sun. Therefore, the design of the pergola should provide sufficient light to ensure the vital activity of plants and a pleasant stay in the pergola;
Advice. It is better to have a pergola with an entrance group from north to south. This reduces the intensity daylight due to the width of the slats, and provide evening and morning lighting due to the gaps between the slats.
- lot size and purpose. Pergola for roses, grapes or for relaxation - different in design and functionality;
Note. The size of a pergola is determined by the size of its roof. When they say “the size of the pergola is 2,000 by 2,000,” they mean exactly the dimensions of the roof slope.
- manufacturability pergola. At the design stage, it is decided whether it will have lighting, a fountain, a barbecue, a kitchen, etc. Pergolas for summer cottages are usually made light and small, for country houses– larger and more functional;
- take into account the design of other buildings on the site. The stylistic unity of all components emphasizes the thoughtfulness of landscape design and the sense of style of the owners of the house.
Stage 2 - the cost of purchasing a pergola
At this stage, we will consider how the price is formed and what makes up the cost of the pergola.
The easiest and fastest solution would be to purchase a finished structure. Moreover, you can buy a pergola both as a whole and section by section, and you can also order the manufacture of a pergola according to a drawing.
The price of a pergola is determined by many factors, their importance is given in descending order:
- making a pergola according to a drawing is the most expensive option. The cost depends on the material of manufacture, timing, complexity of the drawing, etc.;
- acquisition of a finished structure with subsequent installation. The kit is good because it contains all the necessary components. So, the leader of sales is a pergola metal team for plants;
- buying a drawing and making a pergola with your own hands;
- drawing development and phased production. In this case, work is carried out depending on the frequency of receipt of funds. This option is the most budgetary.
Stage 3 - making a wooden pergola with your own hands
Pergola drawing
Having chosen a place and decided on the purpose of the pergola, a drawing is being prepared. The correct scheme will make it possible to accurately determine the amount of material required, think over the connection points, take into account nearby buildings and trees, and visualize the project as a whole.
According to professionals, the only static parameter of pergolas is their height, for example:
- garden pergola for climbing plants(optimum height up to 1,500 mm)
- pergola for relaxation - up to 2,500 mm.
The rest (width, length) - at the discretion of the owner. It is important to provide here: the width, the length of the pergola, the dimensions of the supports, the distance between the support pillars, between horizontal bars, determine the size of the roof and the amount of its overlap (hanging).
Note. It is advisable to make the design of the arch proportional, and also take the width of the pergola equal to or greater than its height - this will give the structure stability.
The scheme of the pergola, with the dimensions printed on it, serves as a starting point for starting work.
Consider how to make a pergola with your own hands using the example of a country pergola for relaxation.
What to make a pergola for grapes and climbing flowers?
Depending on the material used, there are:
- wooden;
- forged;
- metal;
- plastic;
- stone or brick;
- combined.
Building material for wood pergola
The material for the pergola must be chosen based on the style of the site. Regardless of the material, the design should look light and elegant.
To build a wooden pergola 3000x4200, 2500 mm high. you need to prepare:
- timber 100 * 100 * 3 300 mm - 4 pcs.;
- longitudinal beams 50 * 150 * 4 500 mm - 4 pcs.;
- cross beams 40 * 100 * 3,000 mm - 7 pcs.;
- rail 40 * 40 * 4000 mm - 10 pcs.;
- rail 20 * 40 mm for lathing (trellis);
- crushed stone, sand, cement, water - for foundation mortar (screw piles or metal supports can be used);
- fire retardants (protect from fire), antiseptics (protect from decay and pests), waste oil, resin or roofing material (for processing the lower part of the supports), varnish or paint;
- screws, nails, screws, metal corners 40*40.
Tool: solution container, shovel, level, plumb line, trowel, chisel, hammer, hacksaw, jigsaw, planer, tape measure, rope and pegs, garden drill, drill.
Note. All lumber needs to be processed prior to manufacturing.
Foundation for a pergola
Preparation of the base for the construction of a pergola includes leveling the surface, marking the place in accordance with the drawing, digging a trench for shallow strip foundation. In practice, the construction of pergolas is not always accompanied by pouring the foundation. When choosing how to fix the pergola on the ground (in the ground), you need to know that there are 4 ways to make a reliable foundation:
1 way - pergola without foundation
This method is suitable for those who make a pergola for flowers. The lightweight construction of a wooden garden pergola is designed to support climbing plants that are light in weight. To install it, it is enough to prepare two supporting pillars and securely strengthen them.
2 way - pergola with strip foundation
To install a strip foundation on the site, you need to make markings, dig a trench for pouring concrete. The depth of the trench depends on the type of soil, but rarely exceeds 400 mm. A gravel-sand cushion must be laid at the bottom of the trench and carefully rammed. Next, a formwork is constructed, into which concrete is then poured. Until the concrete has completely dried, work should be stopped.
3 way - pergola with a columnar or pile foundation
The easiest, fastest and most rational way to make a pergola base. The use of a columnar or pile foundation allows you to install a pergola in any place, regardless of the terrain, does not require lengthy preparatory work, does not violate the integrity of lawns, and has a long service life.
This method is ideal for those who are engaged in decorating the garden at the time of its flowering and are deciding how to install the pergola in the ground without harming the plants. Pointed anchors make it possible to install pergola supports anywhere. However, their disadvantage is their low bearing capacity. For example, a metal pergola for grapes will require additional reinforcement.
Advice. When arranging the foundation for a pergola, you need to remember the rule that the deeper the base of the foundation is, the greater its bearing capacity will be.
4 way - pergola on anchors
The choice in favor of this method is often made by those who install the pergola on an existing base.
At the same time, the installed metal anchors are able to withstand the weight of the pergola, taking into account the load created by the weight of the plants and the wind load.
Installation of pergola supports
The frame for the pergola consists of vertical supports, horizontal beams and crossbeams. The reliability and maintainability of the entire structure directly depends on the installation of supports.
How to install vertical pergola posts
To install vertical supports, a garden drill prepares a recess in the soil. Sufficient depth depends on the height of the pergola and is equal to 1/3 of it. That is, at a height of 2,500, you need to deepen the timber by 800 mm.
During installation, the following rules must be observed:
- process the timber in any way that excludes the possibility of damage to the wood (most often it is used machine oil, resin, roofing material or special impregnations);
- make special grooves in the upper part of the support. They are necessary in order to install the roof;
- arrange a sand cushion at the bottom of the recess. The stronger the base of the support, the less likely it is to sag and the entire structure to squint;
- install the support and check its verticality using a level;
- concrete the support and continue work only after the concrete has gained strength;
- supports should be installed at the same distance from each other (but the pitch of the pillars is not more than 1,500 mm). So the design of the pergola will look more harmonious.
Note. If a gate is supposed to be in a pergola, it is necessary to provide for the installation of additional supports, as well as mark the place for installing hinges (canopies). According to users, it is advisable to give preference to hinges that open in both directions.
Installation of horizontal beams
Horizontal beams serve to support the crossbeams. The beams are attached to the supports using steel angles 40x40 mm.
Note. Some craftsmen, even in this case, advise strengthening the junction with brackets, brackets, or self-tapping screws.
Installation of crossbeams (roofs)
The crossbeams that form the roof of the pergola are mounted on horizontal beams. Outwardly, they are a set of wide lamellas, which are arranged vertically at the same distance. They look like blinds. The crossbars are fixed with nails “on an oblique”. Thus, their fastening resistance to wind loading increases.
Straight crossbars are easier to manufacture, pergolas and arches made of wood look more spectacular in the landscape design of the site.
Note. The roof can be covered with a tarpaulin to protect the pergola seating area from rain.
Installation of trellis panels
Tapestry panels are sections that form the walls of the pergola (if any). As a rule, they are wooden sections stuffed with thin slats. Less commonly used are panels with stretched wire or rope.
Tapestry panels are attached to the support posts with self-tapping screws.
Note. Tapestries are installed at a distance of at least 150 mm. from the ground surface, this will prevent the bottom of the panel from rotting from moisture.
Stage 4 - decoration of the pergola
The final stage of construction is the floristry of the pergola.
As decorative elements are used:
- paint or varnish;
- lighting;
- fabric canvases that give additional shade or privacy;
- decorative figures;
- fireplace, barbecue;
- climbing plants and flowers;
- fountain and more.
It should be noted that wooden pergolas need constant care, which consists in the timely tinting of frame elements.
Stage 5 - plants for pergola
Despite the fact that the classic wooden pergola for roses or grapes was conceived specifically to support climbing plants, it has long expanded its functions and today has become a full-fledged element of landscape design and a place for summer holidays.
Nevertheless, floristry is its integral attribute. The design of the pergola without fail includes the planting of ampelous plants. These are plant species that have creeping or creeping stems.
Climbing plants and flowers for pergolas in the country:
- pelargonium (geranium). Sun resistant, can go without watering for a long time;
- hanging begonia. Feels good in shaded corners;
- lobelia. Likes wet places;
- ampelous petunia. Likes sunny damp places;
- bacopa. Blooms throughout the season;
- climbing roses. Favorite flowers of almost every woman. Roses, quite unpretentious in care, bloom during the season.
In addition, you can decorate the pergola with flowers in pots or palm trees, which can be brought indoors during the cold season.
As you can see, each of the plants has its own preferences, which means that when choosing them, the location of the pergola and the possibility of organizing irrigation are taken into account.
Note. By installing hooks on pergola sections, you can avoid tying climbing plants, it will be enough to guide young shoots and fix them with hooks.
What climbing plants to choose for a pergola?
- to decorate the pergola, you should use local plants that have proven themselves well in the local climate;
- It is better to use plants that bloom for a long time. Or combine in such a way that they bloom in turn. Then the pergola will be transformed depending on the season;
- at different plants should have the same development time. This will create hedge and prevent the option when some plants drown out others;
- no more than 4 types of plants should be used. The more varieties, the more difficult it is to care for them. Again - the motley pergola does not have an entirely aesthetic appearance;
- if the plants need to be transplanted for the winter, care should be taken to remove them from the trellis or shelter them for the winter. In general, it is better not to use such plants;
- for creating monolithic wall grapes (girlish or five-leafed) are great on pergola. It grows fast, great for planting in shaded or sunny place. Peculiarity girlish grapes in the fact that in autumn it changes color: bright greens are replaced by crimson autumn colors.
- the closer the transverse beams of the roof are located, the more shade the pergola will give, but the less light will fall on the plants;
- when installing a pergola along the walls, care must be taken that the plants do not weave along the wall (especially along the southern one), otherwise they are provided with overheating;
- the construction of a pergola in the same style with other buildings on the site will create a harmonious ensemble;
- the size of the pergola must be correlated with other buildings. Otherwise, it will shift the focus on itself and stand out against the background of the house or simply get lost;
- you should create a pergola with a margin of safety, because as the plants grow, they will begin to exert additional load on the frame. Do not forget that the pergola, braided with plants, has a large windage compared to an open gazebo;
- regular care is the key to a long service life of the pergola. A wooden or metal pergola is repainted from time to time. This will improve the appearance and protect the structure of metal and wood from destruction;
- The choice of color has a significant impact on the appearance of the pergola. Variegated - will become a bright spot against the background of the greenery of the garden, white - will create the illusion of airiness, and brown - will merge with the surrounding greenery and give the feeling of being in the forest;
- must be remembered that in winter time when the green cover is not so monolithic, all the flaws of the pergola will come out, so you need to think through the connection options during the construction process so that they are reliable and accurate.
Conclusion
A DIY garden pergola is a fashionable, beautiful and spectacular element of landscape design of the site, as well as a way to create an extraordinary and stylish vacation spot for the whole family.
Small garden forms of architecture allow you to diversify the landscape design of the site. Sometimes they are used to support climbing plants.
A pergola is often called a gazebo. It consists of barques and climbing plants that protect the terrace from scorching sun.
Country garden pergola for climbing plants consists of uprights or poles, which typically support the cross beams and a strong, open trellis on top of it.
This article tells about how to make a country garden pergola out of wood with your own hands. You can also see examples of pergolas in the photo, illustrating the richness of the forms of these architectural structures:
The word pergola itself comes from the Latin pergula, referring to the design of a gutter. In England, this term was borrowed from the Italian language, because it was in Italy that this building was first mentioned - in 1645 by John Evelyn, an inhabitant of the Trinita dei Monti church in Rome.
The obviously artificial nature of the gazebo gives us a reference to the 18-19th century, where they gave great importance natural gardening. But beautiful pavilions made of bricks and stone pillars with powerful cross beams were a feature of gardeners in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Then the pergola became an indispensable part of home buildings - it was specially built to support climbing vines, and subsequently it became a great place to relax during the daytime.
It can serve both as an arbor, but also as an extension to a house, as a protection for an outdoor terrace and to link several pavilions together.
Some of them are used to expand the territory of the garden, while others are used to enclose some of the objects (for example, a pool or any part of the terrace).
Outwardly, the pergola, of course, is very similar to an ordinary gazebo - in the summer it can be a great place to receive guests, even numerous companies. It will reliably protect from the direct rays of the sun, but at the same time it is not at all going to leave you without it.
In such a gazebo you feel like you are on the shores of sunny Italy, where a light breeze blows on you and the sun warms. It is customary to decorate a pergola with climbing plants. Even more - they have long been part of it and now all designers use them in this building.
Country garden pergolas for climbing plants have more permanent architectural features, in contrast to the green tunnels of the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance.
Wooden pergola is the best option for landscape design
Modern pergolas are made from wood, vinyl, fiberglass, aluminum and PVC - it is more affordable, and therefore more popular in the modern world. The construction of this small architectural form from wood is best option to decorate landscape design in a regular and modern style.
Wooden gazebos are made from those types of wood that are resistant to various weather conditions, such as thuja folded, cedar or sequoia. You can also paint your gazebo or stain it, and use wood that has been treated with special outdoor preservatives.
As an alternative, landscape designers offer us the same vinyl, fiberglass and aluminum - these materials do not require annual paint or stain. As arbors, they can be stronger and last much longer than their wooden counterpart.
But in spite of everything, time shows that wooden pergolas do not give their leadership to anyone and still remain at the peak of popularity.
Garden and country pergola - is there a difference?
Is there any difference between these structures erected in the garden next to the house for permanent residence and at the dacha? Let's try to understand this issue.
A garden pergola is undoubtedly a decoration of any garden next to a residential cottage. It also consists of arches, which are connected by transverse beams made of metal or wood.
They are used as an intermediate, passing element, for example, between a house and a gazebo. If you already have a gazebo built, this does not mean that it makes no sense to build a pergola out of wood. These outwardly similar buildings quite different in function and structure.
Not very noble Romans at one time spent a lot of time in such buildings, and the ancient Egyptians later began to use them for the development and growth of grapes - by the way, we advise you to think about this option, because as a result you will get not just a place to relax, but also a real work of art.
Then they appeared already in Europe, when the fashion came to copy the architectural objects of the Ancient World on their site. Ancient pergolas are almost no different from those that were created in those ancient times, and you can see for yourself if you look at the photo below.
You can make a country pergola with your own hands as a canopy for a place with a barbecue, where you used to sit with friends and with your family on summer evenings.
If you make it a dense roof, with no holes for the sun to enter, then you will get a place well protected from the rain - you can sit and enjoy communication, despite all the games of nature.
In addition, it can organize a place to relax with adjacent sofas and sun loungers, summer kitchen along with a dining table and straw chairs, as well as a place to play for your kids.
As you can see, the country garden pergola is quite versatile, and with a small change interior design can change his role on your garden plot.
If you decide that your garden gazebo should serve as a place for relaxation and privacy for some members of your family, then place a comfortable hammock, sofa or chair there with bright pillows and other little things that will cheer you up when you suddenly feel sad and lonely.
How to make a pergola for climbing plants with your own hands?
Pergola for climbing plants and flowers is considered more a decorative element than part of the buildings on your site. But nothing prevents combining both of these functions.
Buildings that are used only as an element of decor are small in size - literally two or three arches, but the effect of them is incredible. Your garden is as if copied from various historical paintings with a garden.
When creating a pergola with your own hands, you should carefully choose the material and design plan, because it will have to withstand not only climbing plants and the sun's rays during the summer.
She will also have to endure heavy snowfalls during the winter, gusts of wind and rain during the autumn. Also decide for yourself for what purpose you want to create this building- as a transitional element, as a support for grapes or climbing plants, or you need a secluded place where you can hide from everyone and calmly read your favorite book or drink tea, for example. Based on this, before making a pergola with their own hands, they choose a place for future construction.
If you own a classic wooden house from a bar, then the pergola model should also be classic, and not openwork, for example. It is very important to be able to maintain the unity of space, especially if you have a fairly spacious area.
We suggest you build the most popular wooden pergola on your site. Spruce, pine, and oak are great choices to keep your structure light.
To begin with, all elements of the future structure must be properly dried - so that they last longer, choose bars no smaller than 70 by 70.
And if you plan to build a pergola with a height of more than four meters, then the dimensions should be no less than 90 by 90. wooden beams of this size will withstand any load and will not deform over time. Then two wooden trunks are dug into the ground, and the required number of arches or transverse bars is attached between them.
If you have chosen metal, then your task will be simplified - the rods easily enter the ground themselves. And then they are also connected by transverse strips. After creating the entire structure, it is coated with a special paint to increase the service life and avoid early metal corrosion.
Of course, pergolas made of metal, concrete and brick are much more reliable, but they do not look so beautiful. This can be easily fixed - firstly, if you paint them, and secondly, if you add decorative elements.
Don't forget about supports for plants - they can be made from lattices of various shapes, wire or mesh, which are attached to the gazebo racks. This will surely appeal to those housewives who do not know where to put their climbing plants.
The top of the pergola can be covered with the same material as the side part - then the plants will hold on to it stronger. Also, during the construction of the roof, plastic, slate, glass and translucent structures are often used.
The shape of the pergola depends only on your imagination - you can try the most different forms and colors, there are absolutely no restrictions. When the leaves of the plants grow, you will get another place in your garden with shade.
Under the word “pergola”, strange to our ears, there are various arches for a variety of climbing plants. Initially, they were built in southern countries as a support for grapes. And the word itself has Italian roots ( pergola - canopy, extension), where vines supported hammered bars. The simplicity of the design contributes to their independent production, and in this article we will talk about what it is and how a do-it-yourself pergola will decorate your yard, cottage or garden.
What are
In ancient times, pergolas were not only in the vineyards. Similar structures, only on a large scale, were made in courtyards to protect from the scorching sun. Under them the hottest midday hours were spent. They were more likely canopies, one part of which rested on the wall. Their design has remained the same, the materials have changed: now the pergola can be not only wooden, but also metal, concrete and even plastic.
Canopy-pergola near the house of grapes - dense shade even at noon
In addition to being a useful structure - supporting the vines and providing shade - it is also beautiful. This was appreciated by the architects. Gradually, pergolas migrated to the gardens of the nobility. Only there they had a more refined form, expensive materials were used up to marble columns, beams were made in fanciful forms. Curled over them not only and not so much grapes as ornamental plants, roses, bindweeds and creepers.
They also make it in the form of a gallery that covers from the sun all the way from one building to another. These arcades serve as a support for perennial vines, climbing species roses. Where they do not survive due to the harsh climate, annual bindweeds can be used, they are no less decorative, the flowering period can be chosen so that flowering continues throughout the warm season.
In the modern sense, it is rather a canopy or an open summer arbor, which instead of a roof has a network of beams along which plants climb.
And this is also. This is more like a summer gazebo for a pleasant pastime. So with the help of a pergola you can decorate the entrance to the house - this is a canopy that looks good even without plants, and when they grow it will be even more comfortable
A modified pergola is also an arch on which flowers or grapes rest. If we say “arch”, then most often we mean a metal product, moreover, with a rounded top.
An arch for grapes is also a pergola, only with a modified shape of the upper part. An arch for a climbing rose is the same pergola. But the mass of the rose is less than vine and wooden structures are still made under it 
Hang flowerpots on top ampelous plants- and the arch becomes even more elegant Powerful columns twined around lianas - a reserved garden
Main knots
Despite the fact that the design is simple, it is necessary to correctly assess the load that plants can create. For our country, it is not necessary to drop the pressure of snow from the scales. Especially after the plants braid the structure. Therefore, all connections, fastenings, are made reliable, it is better to play it safe and put corners than to disassemble the blockage from plants and a collapsed arch. Concerning supporting columns and arch beams must be strong and reliable.
If you plan to build from wood, support posts for a medium-sized pergola use at least 200 * 200 mm. Beams - from a board of at least 40 mm thickness. Be sure to make stops and jibs: they will add rigidity. If you build support pillars from brick or stone, they are placed around a pipe - round or square - your choice, but it should be.
Dimensions
A little about the size of pergolas. They must be proportional to the site. If it is small, then the distance between the racks can be one and a half meters. It’s not worth doing less: taking into account the foliage, only one person will pass through such a passage. For larger areas, a larger width is required - too narrow will seem scanty.
The standard height of a garden pergola is 2.2-2.4 meters. Then the whole structure is harmonious, and foliage and flowers will not press.
How to connect the parts at the top
When you build an arch Special attention should be given to connection nodes. How to make them, see the photo.
For those who are not too strong in carpentry, it can be difficult to cut recesses for installing beams. There are simple and reliable way do without this work: connect the racks and main beams with a decorative buttress. This is not only a decoration, but also a way to make the connection more reliable.
A beam is laid on top of the support pole (rack) and nailed through with nails or long self-tapping screws. However, with lateral forces, they can turn out. To eliminate this, after the auxiliary beams are laid and fixed, a decorative buttress is nailed. It holds three elements together. An even greater rigidity of the structure is given by a spacer placed obliquely, which is often called a jib.
In the simplest case, a pergola consists of four posts connected by main and auxiliary beams.
Beam edge trim
You can slightly diversify the appearance due to the different design of the ends of the auxiliary and main beams. Several ways to drink down are shown in the photo below. To make them all the same, make a template from a small piece. Then you apply it to the workpiece, circle it with a finely sharpened pencil as close to the template as possible. Cut along this line.
Cheaper design
The timber for the columns must be of a large section, and this is not cheap. The main beams should also be no smaller, which further increases the cost of the structure. But you can save money if you nail two thick boards on both sides to the uprights at the top. How it looks from above, see the following figure.
You can connect them with nails-screws, or you can bolts. This is even more reliable: bolted connections can be tightened if necessary. How such a structure looks like "live" look at the photo.
Step by step assembly instructions
First of all, you need to decide how you will fix the support pillars. If your pillars are made of larch, there are no questions, you can simply bury them in the ground. With other wood, everything is more complicated: direct contact with the ground is highly undesirable. You can, of course, treat the ends of the poles buried in the ground with antibacterial impregnation such as SENEG or Senezh Ultra, put them into working off for a couple of hours.
The second option is to make a concrete pile with a built-in stud (or several studs, depending on the size and weight of the structure). Attach the rack to the stud with a gap of 5-8 mm.
Another way is if the site is concreted or a coating is laid on it. Then take metal thrust bearings. Most often they are found in the form of an inverted letter "P", attach it to the surface of the site. Fix the post with bolts through these plates. This type of fixture is suitable for the garden, where the error will be closed by plants. If construction is taking place in an open area, other thrust bearings are used.
After the method of installing the pillars is chosen, all the wood that will be used in construction is covered protective composition- antibacterial and insect repellent. The compositions must be intended for outdoor use (not for domestic use but only for outdoor). After processing, you can start building:
Everything, the wooden pergola is assembled by hand. You can see the assembly sequence in the next video.
Features of pergolas attached to the house
The pergolas adjoining the house are open summer terraces. One part of the beams rests on the holders installed on the wall of the house, the second part - on the beams lying on the supporting pillars. There are several ways to attach them to the wall. You can see the first one in the photo below: a support beam is nailed to the wall, landing nests are cut out in nm. Additionally, the strength of the connection is provided by the corners, which are fixed on both sides.
Beams rest on one side of the pillars, the other - on the wall of the building
The second way - special stops are mounted on the wall: steel plates of the appropriate shape.
The basic construction steps are similar, but have some nuances:
- Mark the installation positions of the poles and install them. The pillars are installed at a certain distance from the house, equal to the width (depth) of the pergola terrace. The second part of the markup is made on the wall of the house - the second ends of the auxiliary beams are installed there. Either a support bar or plates are fixed there.
- Attach two boards or a support beam from above to the exposed pillars.
- Lay auxiliary beams on them, which are attached to the support on the wall with one side.
Everything. What you should get as a result is shown in the picture below.
You can see the sequence of actions during the construction of a pergola adjacent to the wall in the following video
By the same type, but with a roof, verandas are built. How - read.
Construction of a metal pergola
The peculiarity of using metal as building material is that it is more reliable and requires less maintenance. The metal is primed and then painted. With a quality coating with good paint, this will last for several years.
More trouble with wood. In our climate, we have to renew the coating every year. Therefore, it is better not to use varnishes: they crack, turn white, and come off in parts. To update the coating, you need to clean everything off, then cover it again. Therefore, it is better not to use even the best varnishes for outdoor garden or outbuildings. For processing outdoor wood all year round there are oils in which color is added. They do not give shine, but perfectly protect the surface from climatic influences. The worst thing that can happen is that it will fade a little. For re-treatment, the surface must be cleaned of dirt and dried. Can be dyed. Touch dry is usually a couple of hours. Convenient, beautiful, reliable.
The difference between the metal is still in the way of assembly. This is either welding or bolt assembly. Everyone chooses a way for himself. Due to the fact that the corrosion resistance of painted metal is quite high, it can simply be concreted. Therefore, there are fewer difficulties with installing pillars. It is more difficult only to work with him because of the mass. But everywhere has its drawbacks.
And the variety of metal pergolas is, perhaps, even greater than wooden ones: it can be forged, bent forms can be made. Metal is combined with stone, brick, wood. An awning is pulled over a metal frame, wicker mats are laid, fixed roller blinds. See the photo gallery for examples (it expands to full screen if you need it).
Under this carpet, the pergola itself is not visible. It is built like a gazebo: a frame made of pipes is welded, everything else is plants. By the same principle, you can make a gazebo for grapes Another arch for roses is a garden pergola, which we see most often This is the pergola that we call “an arch for flowers or grapes Light pergola above the entrance - an awning is stretched over a metal frame Racks and main beams made of metal, auxiliary beams made of wood
Increasingly, unusual architectural structures began to appear in summer cottages, resembling an openwork shelter made of climbing plants. A charming example of human creativity - do-it-yourself pergola, wins more and more hearts of nature lovers. It impresses with its originality, diversity and beauty. This design allows you to create bright floral patterns and a peaceful atmosphere on the garden plot. In addition, a do-it-yourself pergola allows you to create a chic design for a place to relax.
The name of this building comes from the Italian word meaning shed or outbuilding. Indeed, such structures can be adjacent to the living quarters, installed on the roof or stand alone in the garden. If you look at it from the inside, you understand that this is not just a gazebo and not props for climbing plants. The design consists of a set of repeating elements that are connected by bars. Every detail of it is completely covered with greenery or fragrant flowers. Many would like to have such beauty on their personal plot but do not know how to make a pergola with their own hands. Photo, detailed description, the basic principles for the manufacture of such a structure will help novice craftsmen get down to business.
Types and purpose of pergolas
It is worth noting that the ancient Romans made such structures solely for growing and convenient harvesting. They had no idea how their idea would affect creative people who turned ordinary props into an exotic place in the garden. Traditionally, do-it-yourself pergolas are created from several arches, which are connected by a patterned ceiling. In an instant, such constructions turn a garden path into a fabulous "land" full of secrets and bright hopes.
Due to the variety of shapes and designs of openwork compositions, pergola can perform the following functions:
- design of a recreation area;
- decoration of the garden space;
- reliable shelter from the sun;
- arrangement of a summer dining room;
- a place for solitude after a hard day;
- swing cover;
- suitable area;
- benches;
- dance floor and stage.
From this it is clearly seen that the pergola in the country is an original place for the whole family to relax.
Despite the elegance and beauty of such a structure, it is necessary to carefully select the shape of the structure so that it harmoniously fits into the garden landscape.
Modern designers offer various forms of such structures:
- arch;
- elongated triangle;
- sphere;
- rectangle;
- wide visor;
- corridors of several pergolas.
Let's consider just a few of them.
Awning
Often, such pergolas are attached to a living space and serve as a carport or a playground for small children. An awning gazebo is equipped to demonstrate various flowering plants. You can also comfortably dine with your family in the evening singing birds.
patterned screen
This version of the pergola is installed along neighbor fences to hide from ill-wishers and envious people. With a screen, the site is successfully divided into zones where small children frolic.
wide visor
In areas with a warm climate, such pergolas are often found. They are covered with dense vine branches that protect the house from the scorching summer sun.
arch tunnel
Along garden paths they install a complex of several metal structures, the decor of which is a pergola. It is an original shelter and green decoration of the garden.
For a tunnel gazebo, you can use various forms of arches and create stylish landscape designs.
It is also important to note the variety of textures of such structures. A pergola with an openwork lattice can be installed even on small area garden. She looks romantic and attractive. A stone structure is suitable for spacious courtyards built in a castle style. A wooden pergola successfully fits into the landscape of country houses and attracts fans of rustic comfort. In addition, pergolas are made of metal, plastic and fittings. They can be with a rounded roof, with kinks, as well as a fan-shaped shape.
When choosing a coating material for a structure, consideration should be given to climatic conditions area, especially in winter.
Do-it-yourself pergola - the way to achieve the goal
In our difficult time, when prices are constantly rising, enterprising craftsmen equip their summer cottages on their own. And, of course, they try to make them real paradises. Why not start from the original vacation spot. Those who have heard the word "pergola" and know what it is, will surely begin to create just such a design. It can be made from the following materials:
- tree;
- plastic;
- metal;
- aluminum;
- fiberglass;
- vinyl;
- bamboo;
- combined options.
When the choice is made, the first step is to determine the appropriate size of the pergola so that it is proportional to the backyard area. If it is small, then the maximum distance between the main racks should not exceed 1.5 m. The main thing is that it is convenient to enter it, given the greenery that grows luxuriantly on the structure. The standard height of the pergola structure is approximately 2.5 m.
When constructing an arch, special attention should be paid to the strength of the connecting nodes and the stability of the bearing supports. Even inexperienced masters understand the significance of these factors. After all, the structure is continuously exposed to the elements of nature: wind, rain, snow and the scorching sun. The do-it-yourself pergola step-by-step instructions shown on the thematic video will help beginners build this original arch. Having carefully reviewed the basic principles of construction, you can safely get down to business and fulfill your dream.
The secrets of creating a pergola from wood
You can build such a unique country garden decoration yourself from lumber or the following types of trees:
- larch;
- acacia;
- Pine;
Regardless of the species, the wood must be well dried and treated with a special antiseptic.
The next step in creating a pergola with your own hands is drawings that will help you do everything. necessary calculations. 
They are the main reference point for the implementation of all work.
- supporting pillars;
- beams;
- crossbars;
- crates;
- struts;
- adjustable anchors;
- sand;
- gravel;
- cement;
- tubular formwork.
It is also important to collect the necessary set of tools:
- hammer;
- chisel;
- wood saw;
- self-tapping screws;
- metal staples;
- clamps;
- roof mounts;
- sail;
- cable;
- glue;
- stain;
- different kinds bolts;
- screws;
- metal bases.
To build a wooden pergola with your own hands, first choose appropriate place on the site and make markings. For this use:
- special pegs;
- building level;
- roulette;
- tight laces.
Then proceed to the installation of support racks (ideal for wooden beam size 100:100 mm). To do this, dig holes 1 m deep at the corners of the intended structure. Gravel is poured into the bottom, inserted load-bearing supports and concrete the structure. 
To the top of the pillars, with the help of self-tapping screws, attach bearing beams. 
And then crates are installed on the cruciform connection. 
At the final stage, the bearing supports are decorated.
The provided drawings of a classic gazebo are considered universal. Therefore, they can be modified depending on personal preferences.
Experienced craftsmen complement classic wood pergolas with a trellis for climbing flowers.
A simplified way to build a leisure area in a summer cottage
Quite often, on the territory of country houses, many erect a chic fence for recreation - a metal pergola. A photo and an understanding of how to make it will help you gain courage and get down to business. Actually simple version Consider the order of work in the construction of this product.
First of all, they draw up a diagram or drawing of the future structure, as well as the amount of material that will be needed for the gazebo.
For the manufacture of metal pergolas with their own hands, a profile pipe with a section of 25 by 50 mm is used.
When the calculations are done, choose original plot garden and make markings. The next step is the manufacture of the frame. To do this, using a grinder, cut the edges of the pipes at an angle of 45 ° C. After that, they are connected to each other in the form of a square with a welding device. 
Then add a few slats for the rigidity of the structure. The design and dimensions of the pergola must correspond to the original drawing of the product. From this depends on its strength and durability. 
For the base, two metal profiles are used, connected at an angle of 90 °. Corners are welded to the top and bottom of the structure, which is cut at 45 ° small size. The rigidity of the structure is reinforced with metal jumpers which are welded at the same angle (45°).
When installing a metal pergola, it is mandatory to strengthen the bearing supports. The process is carried out using concreting in the same way as for a wooden pergola. The evenness of the pillars is regulated by a plumb line and a building level.
Before installing metal parts in the ground, they must be treated with an anti-corrosion solution.
When the supports are installed, proceed to the installation of the roof. Welded structures are lifted and laid on supports and alternately connected. A jumper is added to each corner to ensure the reliability of the pergola. Finished building paint in any color you like.
Decorative stands for climbing plants
Some craftsmen make small pergolas from reinforcement on their plots. Their advantage is that such a design can be made of any shape and even a collapsible type. To do this, washers are welded at the main attachment points and fixed with wrench bolts. In addition, such pergolas can be decorated with forged decorative details. Often they are used as a support for.
For several centuries, gardeners have come up with all kinds of designs of arbors, canopies and openwork arches to decorate them with lush greenery and flowers. And today, even novice craftsmen can easily make a pergola for climbing plants with their own hands and install them in the garden.
This structure is a structure that is used to protect the area from the scorching sun. It is used to create different types garden landscape, green fences and even shelters for cars.
To create a pergola, you need to connect several repeating arches with cross bars. In addition, the structure can be independent and adjacent to the building. It all depends on the desire and preferences of the master. It can even be made from such improvised materials:
- wooden bars;
- metal fittings;
- plastic;
- plant shoots.
Let's take a closer look at some of the species.
There is no waste in the garden
The original pergola is made from branches using simple materials and tools (axe and rope). To do this, one of the edges of the shoots is sharpened, after which they are tied with a strong rope and set up in the form of a tent. A climbing plant will be able to freely climb the structure, creating shade on a hot day.
Openwork designs for green design
From metal fittings or wooden slats, a wonderful annular column is obtained. First, the main elements are exposed in a circle. Then they are connected with a strong rope. The result is an original support for climbing garden plants.
Arched pergola for the garden
For the construction of the structure, the following materials are used:
- metal fittings;
- wooden bars;
- plastic pipes.
An arched pergola is installed as an amazing support for climbing plants to enhance the beauty of the garden landscape. It serves as an excellent entrance or entrance to the courtyard and a wonderful area for relaxation.
Pergolas with battens
Such structures are made of wooden slats, which are treated with an antibacterial agent and a layer of varnish is applied before assembly. Ready product attached to the building with screws and dowels.
Original structure for majestic climbing roses
What could be more beautiful than a "living veil" consisting of many bright colors. Red or yellow buds exude a unique aroma when entering the private territory. It is even better to enjoy their beauty while sitting in a pergola for a rose, the photo of which evokes pleasant feelings. But before you build it, you must consider the following principles:
- The design must be reliable, because climbing roses are very heavy due to huge amount buds. Therefore, the bearing supports are buried in the ground.
- The rose is a majestic flower and should fit harmoniously into the garden landscape.
- When choosing the size of the structure, the area of \u200b\u200bthe personal plot should be taken into account.
If it is not possible to build a pergola for roses, you can make trellises that are easy to place near any building.
It is interesting that such a pergola, strewn with many bright flowers, can perform various functions on the territory of a country house:
- original transition from one part of the garden to another;
- "live" connection between buildings;
- unique landscaping of the veranda;
- flowering alley garden design.
For the construction of such a pergola, wood, metal, and sometimes stone buildings are used. Forged structures mounted on a stone base look wonderful against the background of the garden. In such a pergola, you can spend hours thinking about the meaning of life, reading interesting novels and just enjoying the surrounding nature.
A unique place to watch the skies
The absence of a cozy cottage outside the city is not a reason to abandon your home paradise. It can be arranged on the roof of a residential building. In metropolitan areas, this type of recreation has been practiced for several decades. Therefore, brave guys equip a pergola on the roof of the house in which they live. 
A miniature gazebo made of metal rods against the background concrete slabs will seem like a real oasis of pleasure. Decorate it with ampelous flowers that exude a delicate aroma and create a light shadow. In the daytime, in such a "tent" you can watch the clouds, and at night you can contemplate the majestic stars.
The pergola is easy to install on a country site and provide a comfortable stay. To do this, you need to choose a design model, materials for manufacturing and master the technology of building a pergola.
Pergola and its purpose
A pergola is often installed in a garden or just in a suburban area. This structure is a kind of gazebo, consisting of upper floors and supporting pillars. The roof can be horizontal or slightly sloping, and the walls are often presented in the form of a grid or figured lattice.
Pergola made of wood - eco-friendly and beautiful option designs
The design of the pergola is quite simple, it is multifunctional. The construction of a pergola is often carried out for the following purposes:
- organization of a place for recreation;
- addition to landscape design;
- zoning of the site space;
- camouflage of technical or utility buildings;
- addition to the design of the house;
- support for climbing plants.
Functionality and simplicity of design make the pergola a versatile, practical and convenient solution for a suburban area. From a wide variety of building options, you can choose the best one depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe site, design style and other factors.
Advantages and disadvantages of the design
A simple version of a pergola consists of supporting pillars and a roof in the form of a lattice. Exists various variations, but the gazebo most often does not have walls and is a kind of canopy. The role of the walls can be performed by lattice supports along which plants climb. In this case, the pergola is more closed than the option with simple supporting pillars.
Pergola can perform various functions
The general structure of the structure is simple, and the appearance, design of the pergola is created using decorative elements, details beautiful shape. The material from which the structure is made has a significant impact on the appearance of the gazebo. For this, metal or wood is often used. The first option serves as the basis for creating graceful wrought iron pergolas. The advantages of metal structures are expressed in the following:
- reliability, durability;
- graceful form of the structure, decoration with forged twisted patterns;
- the possibility of staining in any color.
Metal gazebos also have disadvantages. One of these qualities is expressed in the complexity of self-construction of structures. It is impossible to build a forged pergola on your own, and a simpler version requires complex actions, for example, welding of metal elements.
Forged pergolas effectively perform the function of a gazebo
A simpler and more convenient pergola made of wood. Construction from such material does not require special knowledge and tools, and positive traits are expressed as follows:
- environmental friendliness and pleasant structure of the material;
- easy processing, simple installation;
- the possibility of creating original designs;
- resistance to climatic factors.
Wood is comfortable to use, but requires careful processing, which involves the use of antiseptic agents to prevent decay. In harsh climates with changeable weather, it is not recommended to install pergolas made of wood or they should be dismantled for the winter. This is due to the fact that the material is subject to cracks, deformation.
The choice of a certain material depends on financial possibilities, personal preferences, properties of materials. If you need a design that is practical and does not require special care, then metal is the best solution.
Photo gallery: options for pergolas from different materials
Massive pillars emphasize the graceful roof of the pergola 
Design with stone pillars looks spectacular and fits in a spacious area 
Cozy pergola - a good corner to relax 
Pergola serves as a great place to relax for a company or family 
A cozy gazebo decorates the garden 
Forged metal pergolas perfectly complement the landscape design 
A long pergola makes the site cozy
Preparing for construction
You can build a simple pergola on the site with your own hands, but this requires certain preparatory work. This allows you to make not only a beautiful and comfortable, but also a durable gazebo, taking into account all the features of the site.
A place for a gazebo can be laid out with stone or paving slabs
One of important points construction is to determine the location for the installation of the structure. First, you should choose the image of the pergola, which corresponds to personal preferences, landscape design and other site features. If the gazebo serves as a support for plants, then you need to provide enough space for them to grow. There are the following types of structures:
- the screen is a semi-closed structure that serves as a corner for privacy, a relaxing holiday;
- the tunnel looks like many arches forming a "green corridor". The option is appropriate for decorating the path leading to the house;
- an awning or canopy does not protect from the wind, as it is a roof on supporting pillars;
- the visor has two supporting pillars on one side, and on the other, it is attached to the wall of the house above the door, window.
pergola material
The construction of the gazebo-canopy can be carried out from two materials: metal and wood. For simple and light buildings, wood is often used, which is more convenient to work with than metal. Custom-made forged pergolas look more impressive than wooden structures. Thus, when choosing a material, you need to take into account the advantages, properties, features of using the structure with your own hands.
Wood is easy to process and create practical designs
To carry out the choice of material, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the technologies for building gazebos made of metal and wood. This will allow you to determine all the features of the use of materials. Of particular importance is the quality of the structures for the construction of the pergola. Wood should not have signs of decay, deformation and cracks. You can use any type of wood, but larch and oak are the most durable. For a metal structure, profile pipes are used different size. Wood and metal must be coated with antiseptic and anti-corrosion agents, respectively.
Construction tools
Mounting a pergola made of wood or metal requires a certain set of tools. To work with wood, you will need tools such as an ax, a hammer and a saw. Nails are used to fasten the elements, and self-tapping screws and a screwdriver will provide a secure fixation. You can check the evenness of the structure with a building level, a tape measure is also necessary for work.
To make a wooden pergola, simple carpentry tools are needed.
Making a forged pergola with your own hands is very difficult or even impossible in the absence of certain skills and equipment. Therefore, a metal structure is often a complex of welded together profile pipes. To work, you will need a welding machine, as well as a building level and a tape measure, chalk or a marker for marks.
Drawings of structures made of wood and metal
It is quite simple to make a pergola-canopy from wood, which is installed in the place designated for the gazebo. The plot can be laid out in advance paving slabs which will make the area more comfortable. The drawing of the pergola-canopy is simple, but it is important to take into account all the features of fastening the elements.
On the drawing, the dimensions of all the main parts are marked.
Drawing of metal structures simple type easy to do by yourself. At the same time, the mounting option for all elements, the angle of their fixation, and the dimensions of the parts are taken into account.
A metal gazebo of simple design does not require an extremely precise drawing
In the absence of skills in drawing up drawings, you can take a ready-made scheme as a basis, supplementing or excluding any structural elements. The dimensions of the gazebo are selected individually depending on the area of the site, the purpose and type of pergola.
Wooden pergola construction
For construction wooden structure need carpentry tool, antiseptic for wood protection, drawing and quality material. During the construction of supporting pillars, a bar with a section of 150x150 mm is used, and boards of 50x150 mm are suitable for transverse beams. The crossbars are made of boards 50x100 mm. The elements are fastened with self-tapping screws 150 mm and 75 mm long.
For the screen, you can use boards with the same parameters as for the canopy
The creation of a wooden or metal pergola involves concreting the supporting pillars. To do this, you will need a garden drill, a container for mixing cement mortar. The complex of works is as follows:
- At the site of the future construction, the outline of the structure is marked using a rope and pegs. At the same time, the exact location of the corners is noted, setting pegs in place of the pillars.
The distance between the posts is selected individually, for example, about 1.5 m
- In place of future pillars, pits are dug about 70 cm deep, and the diameter of the recesses should be 10 cm larger than the diameter of the pillars. Gravel is poured at the bottom with a layer of 5-10 cm, and then formwork is placed from asbestos pipes or rolled roofing material. The building level checks the evenness of the formwork, and then the forms are poured with concrete, installing adjustable anchors for the subsequent installation of pillars.
All posts must be on the same level.
- The concrete dries for several days, but for now, a pergola is made from a bar. For supports, parts with a section of 100x100 or 150x150 mm are used. They are sawn off according to the required height of the structure. After the concrete has dried, the racks are mounted on the anchor with special screws, which are called "grouse".
The area under the gazebo should be laid out with paving slabs
- Roof support beams are made of boards 50x150 mm. Their length should be 60 cm more than the width of the pergola, since the beams protrude about 30 cm on each side. The ends of the elements can be shaped with a jigsaw.
Beams can be shaped at the ends
- Beams are fixed with screws or bolts and using building level check the alignment of the installation.
Beams are fixed with bolts
- Cross beams are made of boards 50x150 mm. The number of such elements is determined depending on the fact that the distance between them should be 30 cm. Grooves about 3–4 cm deep are cut out on the lower part of the crossbars.
The grooves must be accurate, because the ease of installation of the beams depends on this.
- The crossbars are fixed with self-tapping screws 150 mm long. Thus, these elements are placed throughout the roof of the pergola.
Identical crossbars are attached throughout the roof of the gazebo
- In the next row, the crossbars are mounted in increments of 60 cm. Grooves are made in the elements, and during installation they are additionally fixed with self-tapping screws. The final stage of work involves painting, designing the structure.
The crossbars for the last row are made in the same way as for the first
Video: building a covered wooden pergola
Step-by-step construction of a metal pergola
Manufacturing metal structure involves the use of profile pipes with a cross section of 25x50 mm. The height and width of the future design are selected individually. For example, the top trim may consist of pipes 3 mm long, which need 4 pieces. The base supports are made of pipes 3 m long, and 2 pieces are needed at each corner. The roof canopy is made of several elements. The first square has parameters of 2.12 m, the second - 1.5 m, and the third - 1.06 m. The jumpers between the main frame and the largest square have a length of 1.06 m.
For convenience, in the diagram, each element is indicated by a certain color.
During the construction of a metal pergola, it is necessary to strengthen the supports, concreting. This process is carried out according to the same technology as for a wooden pergola. And also all metal parts that go deep into the ground must be treated with an anti-corrosion compound. Next steps are as follows:
- According to the scheme, a pergola canopy is assembled from 4 squares, which must fit into each other. All elements are fastened by welding, the pipes are cut with a grinder at 45 ° and welded.
First make squares of pipes, and then assemble the canopy completely
- A short corner is welded to the two support pipes from below, and then the supports are concreted at their locations. Before concreting, sand is poured into the bottom of the recesses with a layer of 5 cm. The evenness of the supports is checked with a plumb line, all pillars must be located at the same level.
Two pipes are placed in the corners
- Next, mount the roof structure. To do this, the welded squares must be lifted and laid on poles, alternately welding each side. At the corners, lintels are additionally fixed by welding, which enhance the reliability of the structure. After that, you can paint, decorate the pergola with climbing plants.
Lintels increase the strength of the pergola
Video: 45° pipe cutting method
Finishing and operation of the pergola
After assembly, the gazebo can be painted with products that are suitable for outdoor work and the selected type of material. It is best to use paints that have anti-corrosion or antiseptic components in their composition. This allows you to protect the structure from rust, destruction.
It is best to paint a wooden pergola in natural shades of wood using wood stain.
Damaged wooden elements structures must be replaced with new ones in a timely manner. metal structures more reliable, but poorly welded seams can crack and such consequences must be eliminated. If the pergola is used as a support for plants, then the bushes should be placed at a small distance from the walls, taking into account the rules for growing climbing greens.
You can make a metal or wooden pergola with your own hands quickly and without professional skills. The key to the durability of the structure is the development of work technology and the quality of materials.