The new commander-in-chief of the French army, General Robert Nivel, insisted on a decisive offensive on the Western Front. According to his plan, decisive blows by the Anglo-French troops were to lead to the breakthrough of the German front and the defeat of the enemy. The main burden in the upcoming offensive fell on the French troops, so the British command decided to conduct a separate offensive operation in the Ypres region.
Nivelle's offensive failed, it was not possible to break through the front, the allies suffered heavy losses, and Nivelle himself was removed from the post of commander-in-chief of the French army for the failure of the operation. By January 1917, General Haig decided to conduct an offensive operation in Flanders. However, the British offensive at Paschendale also ended in failure. After that, the British command decided to carry out another operation at the end of 1917.
Before surgery
Operation plan and preparation
After the failure in Flanders, the British command decided to conduct an offensive operation using a large number of tanks. It was envisaged for the first time to use tanks in large numbers to break through positional defenses. For these purposes, a tank corps was created in the British army. However, Paschendale's experience showed that the tanks did not live up to the hopes placed on them, many considered them useless. A British officer after the Battle of Paschendale noted:
Despite this, the British finally decided to conduct a large-scale offensive operation using tank units.
The British command paid special attention to the interaction of tanks and infantry. Before the start of the operation, the British infantrymen trained together with the tanks, practicing the techniques of assaulting enemy positions. Tanks overcame ditches 3 meters wide and vertical obstacles of 1.2 meters, easily overcame wire barriers. This made a strong impression on the infantry, who were shocked by the capabilities of the combat vehicles.
Destroyed English tank Mark I
During the joint exercises, the infantry prepared for joint actions with tanks. Tankers also used a tank fascina (75 bundles of brushwood, fastened with chains), with which the tank could overcome wide trenches and ditches. By the beginning of the offensive, 400 tank fascines had been manufactured.
Battle of Cambrai. Tank attack
According to the plan of the British command, the upcoming offensive was supposed to start without artillery preparation. For the first time in history, tanks had to break through enemy defenses themselves. Then it was planned to enter into battle 3 cavalry divisions, which were supposed to capture Cambrai, the surrounding area and the crossing of the Sansa River. After that, it was planned to go to the rear of the German troops at Valenciennes.
The terrain was of great importance. The section of the breakthrough was not chosen by chance: it was precisely to the south-west of Cambrai, on a front section of 12 kilometers, that there was a flat area favorable for a tank attack.
Stuck tank
Concealment and secrecy were of great importance in preparing for the operation, since according to the plan of the British command, the offensive at Cambrai was to take the German command by surprise. Tanks were brought to the front in the evening, then moved under their own power to the front line. In addition, the British constantly fired from machine guns and mortars to drown out the roar of tank engines. All these camouflage measures eventually bore fruit. The German command did not suspect anything about the impending offensive, even despite the fact that shortly before the start of the operation, two prisoners of the British army, during interrogation, indicated the exact date for the start of the offensive at Cambrai - November 20.
Tank disguise
Forces of the parties
To carry out the offensive at Cambrai, the British command enlisted the 3rd Army of General Byng. The army had 8 infantry divisions, 4 tank brigades (476 tanks in total), 3 cavalry divisions. The total number was 92,000. The army units were also armed with 1536 machine guns, 1009 guns, as well as 1000 aircraft in the area of the proposed breakthrough. the upcoming offensive was supposed to use the Mark I tank, the Mark IV tanks were also supposed to play the main role. At Bing's insistence, artillery preparation was canceled in the offensive zone, since it was on the tanks that Bing had pinned great hopes on in breaking through the positional front.
In the area of the proposed breakthrough, the defense was occupied by units of the 2nd German Army under the command of General Marwitz. Here the Germans had 4 divisions (36,000 men), 224 guns, 272 mortars, 900 machine guns. The positions of the Germans were strongly fortified, and were also deeply developed inland.
Allies
General Julian Byng was at the head of the British 3rd Army.
- 3rd British Army:
Germany
The 2nd German Army was commanded by General Georg von der Marwitz.
- 2nd German Army:
Start of operation
British offensiveIn the early morning of November 20, British forces took up their initial positions, and tanks lined up on a 10-kilometer front, ready to attack. At 6 o'clock in the morning, tanks launched an attack on the German line of Hindenburg. British artillery opened fire on the positions of the German army, creating a barrage. The British also used aviation, but due to the fog, the aircraft did not play a significant role in the offensive. German aircraft also failed to inflict significant damage on the enemy, being lost in the fog.
Soon, British tanks rained down on the German trenches, reaching the first line of the German defenses. The tanks fought in the following way: one tank approached the German trench and opened fire, the second tank dropped the fascia, along which the third tank crossed the German trench. Then the third tank dropped the fascina into the second trench, through which the first tank passed. The infantry advancing behind the tanks was also divided into three groups.
The first group was the trench cleaners, the second group blocked the trenches, the third was the support group. A sudden powerful attack by a large number of tanks (about 400 vehicles) caused panic in the ranks of the German troops. the first hours of the battle the Germans lost a large number of positions and strongholds. By 11 o'clock on November 20, the advancing troops achieved major successes, capturing the first and second lines of German trenches and advancing 6-8 kilometers.
By 13 o'clock on the first day of the operation, the gap in the German front reached 12 kilometers. However, Byng was clearly late with the introduction of the Canadian cavalry into the breakthrough. The cavalry set out only at 2.30 pm. Time was lost, the cavalrymen, having crossed the river, acted indecisively. At Cambrai, units of the 3rd Cavalry Corps were stopped by German infantry units. Powerful fire from machine guns and artillery allowed the Germans to stop the cavalry breakthrough and later fill the gap in the front line.
On the first day of the fighting, the British captured 8,000 German soldiers, 160 officers, 100 guns and a significant number of machine guns, while suffering light losses.
Further hostilities
Battle of Cambrai. Destroyed British tanksThe German divisions were defeated and suffered heavy losses. The Hindenburg Line was broken to a great depth. In fact, there were no German troops in the area of the breakthrough. Only individual battalions and a small number of detachments deployed in cars acted against the British. After that, the British command was engaged in regrouping of troops and only by midday on November 21 resumed offensive operations. However, by this time, the German command had pulled up reserve troops to Cambrai.
To combat tanks, the Germans installed field guns on trucks. Now they could meet British tanks in the directions of their movement. In addition, German pilots dropped phosphorus bombs on the tanks to facilitate the detection of tanks by artillerymen.
Unable to use the breakthrough of the front, the British forces actually stopped. In addition, the British began to suffer significant losses among the tanks. As a result, the infantry broke away from the tanks and could no longer count on support from the tank units.
At this time, the British offensive actually fizzled out. The scattered attacks of the British were no longer producing significant results. There was a lack of proper interaction between infantry units and tanks. Until November 29, positional hostilities were conducted; by November 30, the Germans managed to completely stop the advance of British troops.
German counteroffensive
German counteroffensiveAfter the British offensive actually ended, the German command brought up significant reserve forces to this sector of the front. Thus, the German army had 16 divisions in the Cambrai region (a total of about 160,000 men), 3,600 machine guns, 1,700 guns, 1,088 mortars, and over 1,000 aircraft. Concentrating large forces, the German command planned a counterattack on British troops. General Marwitz hoped to encircle and destroy all British units that wedged into the German defenses. Against the right flank of the British, the Germans aimed 7 divisions, against the left - 4 infantry divisions with the aim of a powerful strike and encirclement of British troops.
At Cambrai, for the first time on the Western Front, German troops carried out refined artillery preparation, which brought significant results to the attackers.
After artillery preparation, which was carried out mainly with heavy guns, the German troops went on the offensive against the British forces that had wedged into the German defenses. during the fierce battles in which the Germans actively used artillery and aviation, the German troops managed to push back the British.
Using the remaining 73 tanks, British forces repelled the German counteroffensive, but were forced to retreat, leaving Marquin, Quentin and Burlon Forest. The Germans failed to surround the British troops. As a result of the counter-offensive of the German army, the British suffered heavy losses, losing 9,000 prisoners, 716 machine guns, 148 guns and 100 tanks.
Cemetery for British soldiers killed at the Battle of Cambrai
Effects
Frontline before / after the battleOn December 7, the Battle of Cambrai ends. Having failed to achieve the set goal, the British troops were actually forced to return to their original positions. The parties suffered approximately the same losses: the British lost about 9,000 prisoners, the German army about 11,000 soldiers and officers.
The Battle of Cambrai did not have a significant impact on the course of the war, but its significance for the art of warfare became significant. The battle showed that the interaction of various types of troops played the most important role in the success of the operation. The tactics of combined arms combat, based on the interaction of infantry, artillery, tanks and aviation, was further developed. Anti-tank defenses were emerging at Cambrai.
| Cambrai. 1919 year |
Notes (edit)
- 1 2 3 4 History of the First World War 1914-1918 / edited by I. I. Rostunov. - 1975. - T. 2. - S. 353-354.
- 1 2 What is Cambrai? World War I
- Bryan Cooper. The Ironclads of Cambrai. - London: Pan Books, 1970. - P. 63.
- 1 2 Oberyukhtin V.I. Operation at Cambrai in 1917 - 1936. - P. 38.
- John Fuller. Tanks in the great war 1914-1918 - M .: publishing house of the Supreme Military Editorial Council, 1923. - P. 108.
- John Fuller. Tanks in the great war 1914-1918 - M .: publishing house of the Supreme Military Editorial Council, 1923. - P. 120.
- M. Borchert. The use of tanks in the battle of Cambrai. - M., 1931. - P. 37-39.
- Bryan Cooper. The Ironclads of Cambrai. - London: Pan Books, 1970. - P. 88.
- Erich Ludendorff. My memories of the war 1914-1918 - 5. - M., 1924 .-- T. 2. - P. 76.
- Oberyukhtin V.I. Operation at Cambrai in 1917 - 1936. - P. 101.
- Bryan Cooper. The Ironclads of Cambrai. - London: Pan Books, 1970. - P. 78-79.
- John Fuller. Tanks in the great war 1914-1918 - M .: publishing house of the Supreme Military Editorial Council, 1923. - P. 118-119.
- Oberyukhtin V.I. Operation at Cambrai in 1917 - 1936. - S. 130-131.
- M. Borchert. The use of tanks in the battle of Cambrai. - M., 1931 .-- S. 53.
- G. Arndt. Air war. - M., 1925 .-- S. 87-88.
- 1 2 3 Zayonchkovsky A.M. The First World War. - 2000 .-- S. 693-694.
- Oberyukhtin V.I. Operation at Cambrai in 1917 - 1936. - P. 39.
- Henry Albert Jones. The War in the Air: being the story of the part played in the great war by the Royal Air Force. - London: Imperial War Museum, Dept. of Printed Books, 1999. - T. 4. - P. 250. - ISBN 1-901-62325-4.
Literature
In Russian:
- Oberyukhtin V.I.Operation at Cambrai in 1917 - M .: Military Publishing House of the NKO USSR, 1936 .-- 244 p. - (Commander's Library).
- Zayonchkovsky A.M. The First World War. - SPb .: Polygon, 2000 .-- 878 p. - ISBN 5-89173-082-0.
- History of the First World War 1914-1918 / edited by I. I. Rostunov. - M .: Nauka, 1975 .-- T. 2. - 608 p.
- World wars of the XX century: 4 kn. / Institute of General History. - M .: Nauka, 2002 .-- ISBN 5-02-008804-8 Book. 1: World War I: East. essay / Ed. ed. G. D. Shkundin. - 2002 .-- 686 pages: ill. ISBN 5-02-008805-6 (translated)
- Verzhkhovsky D.V. The First World War 1914-1918. - M .: Nauka, 1954 .-- 203 p.
- Basil Liddell Garth. 1914. The Truth About the First World War. - M .: Eksmo, 2009 .-- 480 p. - (Turning point in history). - 4300 copies. - ISBN 978-5-699-36036-9.
In English:
- Alexander Turner. Cambrai 1917: The Birth of Armored Warfare. - 1. - Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2007 .-- 96 p. - ISBN 978-1-84603-147-2.
- Terry C. Treadwell. Cambrai, The First Tank Battle. - London: Cerberus Publishing, 2006 .-- 192 p. - ISBN 1-841-45042-1.
- Gerald Gliddon. VC "s of the First World War - Cambrai 1917. - London: Sutton, 2004. - 263 p. - ISBN 0-7509-3409-3.
- Jack Horsfall. Cambrai, The Right Hook. - London: Cooper, 1999 .-- 176 p. - (Battleground Europe). - ISBN 0-85052-632-9.
- A. J. Smithers. Cambrai, The First Great Tank Battle 1917 .-- London: Pen & Sword Books, 1992 .-- 176 p. - ISBN 0-85052-268-4.
- Bryan Cooper. The Ironclads of Cambrai. - London: Pan Books, 1970 .-- 224 p. - (British Battles Series). - ISBN 0-330-02579-1.
Links
- Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle of Cambrai
- Description of the battle on the site "Chronos"
- Battle of Cambrai on tankibtr.narod.ru
In English:
- The Cambrai Operations: 20 November to 7 December 1917 from the British Army in the Great War
- The Battle of Lateau Wood - a small action within the Cambrai Battle (inaccessible link - history, copy)
- The battlefield today
- Photos of the battlefield taken 89 years to the month of the 1917 battle
- British 62nd Division before, during and after the battle. See also Havrincourt
- Official Website of the tank discovered at Flesquières (Battle of Cambrai 1917)
German:
- 4 deutsche Albatros südlich von Cambrai bekämpft durch Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Edward McKeever
- Britischer Ballon westlich von Cambrai abgeschossen durch Oberleutnant Hans Klein
- Leutnant Kurt Küppers hat einen Luftkampf am 23. November bei Cambrai
- Major Roy Cecil Phillipps hat einen Luftkampf am 22. November bei Cambrai
- Captain Edmund Roger Tempest hat einen Luftkampf am 30. November nordwestlich des Bourlon Waldes
- Forumsbeitrag über den Abschuss einer deutschen Maschine am 22. November bei Cambrai
| Major events of World War I (chronology) | |
|---|---|
| 1914 |
Storming of Liege Occupation of Luxembourg East Prussian operation Serbian campaign Border battle Battle of the Marne Battle of Galicia Warsaw-Ivangorod operation Run to the sea Lodz operation Battle of Flanders Battle of Sarikamysh Battle of Coronel Falklands battle |
| 1915 |
Carpathian operation Dardanelles operation Battle of Ypres August operation Prasnysh operation Siege of Przemysl Gorlitsky breakthrough Sventsian breakthrough Opening of Thessaloniki front Italian campaign Albanian Golgotha |
| 1916 |
Battle of Verdun Naroch operation Brusilov breakthrough Battle of the Somme Battle of Erzurum Battle of Jutland Romanian campaign Mesopotamian campaign Arab revolt |
| 1917 |
Nivelle offensive June offensive Battle of Paschendale Operation Albion Battle of Caporetto Battle of Cambrai Palestinian campaign |
| 1918 |
Peace of Brest-Litovsk Spring offensive 2nd Battle of the Marne Hundred-day offensive Battle of Vittorio-Veneto Meuse-Argonne offensive Capitulation of Germany |
Battle of Cambrai (1917) Information About
The First World War was remembered by mankind for many things: the use of poisonous gases, a dirty trench war, the widespread use of super-powerful artillery, the use of aviation, the greatest loss of life among soldiers in history and, of course, tanks. This conflict literally turned the whole military business upside down, making it what it is known today.
What kind of operation are we talking about?
The Battle of Cambrai is a large-scale offensive by British forces during World War I on the Western Front against German forces. It happened not far from the French city of Cambrai. Despite the fact that the operation ended in success for the Entente, the British army could not fulfill its original goals. However, the battle of world history is remembered not by this at all, but by the fact that this operation essentially became the first battle in the history of mankind with the widespread use of tanks.
The decision to carry out the operation was made by the British command after the failure in Flanders. Then the leadership of the army decided to succeed in the new mission. The positive result in it was to be achieved mainly due to the large number of tanks. And this was a big risk in the eyes of his contemporaries.
Preparatory stage
The fact is that the British army had already tried to use tanks before. In a certain amount, armored vehicles participated in the Battle of Paschendale and showed themselves (in the opinion of contemporaries) very badly. Despite the excessive skepticism among the troops, the command nevertheless decided to create a full-fledged British tank corps. Particular attention in the new operation was paid to the interaction of tanks and infantry on the battlefield. Before the start of the operation, the infantry began to train to take enemy positions along with combat vehicles.
By the way, the location for the operation was not chosen by chance. The fact is that the section of positions at Cambrai is almost 12 kilometers of flat terrain. The British have deliberately selected the site with the most suitable terrain for the formidable, but very clumsy cars. Also, the British command has devoted great influence to camouflage, wanting to catch German soldiers by surprise with their tanks. It is also curious that for the first time in history such a large operation was carried out without artillery preparation at all on the positions of the anti-tank.
The tanks were delivered to the contact line as stealthily as possible. They were distilled only at night. Under their own power, the vehicles moved only on the very line of fire, and so that the German soldiers did not suspect anything, the roar of tank engines was diligently hidden by the conduct of dense and continuous fire from machine guns and mortars.
How was the operation
The operation began early in the morning of November 20. Tanks occupied a 10-kilometer front line for the offensive. At 6 o'clock in the morning, the vehicles moved to the German positions with the support of the infantry. Artillery was used in battle only for fire support, and although aviation was present in the sky, due to the fog, it could not play a large role.
In those days, tanks could not pass through the trench. There was a risk that the car would fall into it and get stuck. That is why the British have prepared more than 400 fascines from wood. In battle, tanks acted as follows. The first car approached the German trenches and opened fire on them. Meanwhile, the second and third tanks were dropping fascines (bundles of rods) into the trenches and passed further into the rear of the enemy. The infantry following the tanks was also divided into groups. The first one cleared the trenches. The second one occupied and blocked them. The third group of infantrymen provided fire support.
what Japanese kamikaze flew on and why their planes were special unlike others.
The operation at Cambrai was carefully thought out by the British command. She, according to their plan, was supposed to alleviate the situation of the Italians defeated at Caporetto. The British, counting on success, wanted to smooth out the hard impression of the unsuccessful battles in Flanders and at the same time once again test the tanks as a means of achieving the goal when attacking enemy positions. For this, a tank corps was first created under the command of General Ellis. In a conversation with Colonel Fuller, he asked what impression the tanks made on the infantry in the battles of Ypres. The answer was disappointing: “Bad. The infantry thinks that the tanks have not justified themselves. Even the tank crews are discouraged. " As a result, close attention was paid to practicing the interaction of infantry with tanks in a training camp. Using old fortifications imitating Siegfried's German position (the British called it the Hindenburg position), the British infantry, eight days before the offensive at Cambrai, conducted joint exercises with tanks according to special instructions. The tanks, in front of the amazed infantry, took ditches up to 3 meters wide and vertical obstacles up to 1.2 meters high, swept away wire barriers, pulling them apart with four-wing anchors. Anchors were attached with a steel cable to the stern of the tank and dropped before it approached the obstacles.
The training period of 8 days was clearly short, but the British infantry believed in tanks and psychologically tuned in to joint actions with them in battle. During the exercises, the tankers used a tank fascina (75 bundles of brushwood, fastened with chains, with which the tank could overcome wide German trenches. The fascines were attached at the top of the tank and, when approaching the trench, were dropped into it. Having appreciated the innovation at its true worth, the British command ordered in October 1917 g. .400 tank fascines.
 |
To carry out the operation, General Byng's 3rd British Army was involved, consisting of 8 infantry divisions, 3 tank brigades and 3 cavalry divisions. The total strength of the forces was 72 thousand bayonets and 20 thousand sabers. The technical equipment of the troops was also at a height: 1536 machine guns, 1009 guns, 378 combat and 98 auxiliary tanks, 1000 aircraft.
The Germans had 4 divisions, which consisted of 36 thousand bayonets, 900 machine guns, 224 guns and 272 mortars (272). Their positions were well fortified. The depth of the defense was 7-9 km.
The British plan was based on the principle of a surprise attack by tanks without a preliminary multi-day artillery preparation. For the first time, tanks had to independently break through the fortified positions of the Germans. For the development of success, it was planned to introduce three cavalry divisions in order to capture Cambrai, the Burlon forest, the river crossings. Sanse. The plan provided for an exit to the rear of the enemy south of Sanse and west of the Northern Channel with further development of success in the direction of Valenciennes. The breakthrough site was chosen by the British between the Lescaut and the North canals southwest of Cambrai, 12 km wide. The terrain was flat, very convenient for the advancement of tanks. But it was limited by canals running perpendicular to the front.
The Germans did not expect an offensive at Cambrai. The British did everything so that the enemy knew nothing about their preparations. Tanks were brought up on railway platforms in the evening. From the unloading station, they moved on their own to their original positions, which were 1000 m from the enemy forward edge. With the help of mortar and machine gun fire, the noise of tank engines was masked. The surprise was observed, and the Germans, despite the testimony of two Irish prisoners who had named the date of the attack on the eve of November 20, did not prepare for it.
On November 20, early in the morning, under cover of fog, the British troops took their places at their starting positions. Ahead of them, 900-1000 m from the German guard posts, echelons of tanks were in readiness, stretched out in a line at the front up to 10 km. At 0610 the tanks, accompanied by the infantry, lined up in rows, went to storm the Siegfried position, and 10 minutes later the British artillery opened fire. Explosions occurred 200 m ahead of the tanks, forming a barrage of fire. British aircraft, despite poor visibility, took to the air, but their actions were not particularly successful. The planes lost their bearings. Two British planes crashed on trees during a raid on the German airfield.
Twelve German aircraft that took off from the airfield also did not fulfill their tasks. They did not reach the front line, lost in the fog.
The German posts peered anxiously into the solid wall of gray fog, listening to the strong rumbling approaching them. Steel colossus weighing 28 tons, emerging from the fog, fell on the German trenches. When attacking with tanks, the British used the following order of battle; one tank went ahead, followed by two tanks at a distance of 180-250 steps at intervals of 225-350 steps. All three tanks had fascines. The lead tank turned around along the enemy trench and opened fire, the second tank approached the enemy trench and dropped the fascia, along which the third tank crossed the trench and, in turn, dropped the fascina into the second trench. The lead tank freely passed two trenches along the fascines and dropped its fascina into the third trench. The infantry, which followed two tanks of the second line along the track of the tracks, was divided into three groups. The first group was the trench cleaners, the second was blocking the trenches and the third was the support group. A surprise attack by tanks and infantry caused panic in the ranks of the German soldiers. One by one, they lost their positions and strong points. On November 20, by 11:30 a.m., the British advanced to a depth of 6 - 8 km, capturing the first and second lines of Siegfried's position, except for the point of Fleskière, where they met strong resistance. At Fleskier, British tanks came under concentrated artillery fire from a short distance.
The German artillerymen used a comfortable position. Upon reaching the ridge of the mountain near the village, the tanks were clearly visible and served as an excellent target for the gunners. In this battle, the 27th Reserve Infantry Regiment of the Germans destroyed 18 tanks out of 20 taking part in the case. By 13 o'clock the German front had been broken through in a width of 12 km, and the British were preparing to introduce cavalry into the gap. But she spoke only at 2:30 pm. Time was wasted. The 3rd Cavalry Corps, intended for the development of the breakthrough, acted separately, in parts. The lead squadron of the Canadian cavalry crossed the channel, but at the very outskirts of Cambrai it was scattered by the German infantry. An attempt by several other squadrons to march north of Marquin was also repulsed. The advance of the main forces of the 3rd Cavalry Corps was suspended by heavy German machine gun and artillery fire. The cavalry corps halted in the folds of the terrain. The German infantry, taking advantage of this, organized the closure of the breakthrough.
 |
British tank crosses the German trench |
On the first day of the offensive, the British captured about 8 thousand German soldiers and 160 officers prisoners, 100 guns and a large number of machine guns. Their own losses were negligible.
In order to put their troops in order, the British halted the offensive. Only at noon on November 21 did they resume it. The fighting that day did not bring them much success. The Germans began to come to their senses. Reserves were hastily drawn up. Their counterattacks began to pay off.
In the fight against tanks on November 22 and 23, the Germans used field guns mounted on trucks. This helped them to maneuver and meet British tanks in the directions of their movement. The anti-aircraft batteries of the Germans have proven themselves well in the fight against tanks. German pilots also participated in this struggle, diving, firing phosphorus bullets from above at tanks. The scattered attacks of the British reached their goal less and less due to the disruption of the interaction of infantry and tanks. On November 29, the Germans finally stopped the advance of the British troops.
By this time, 10 divisions were operating from the British. The Germans pulled up 16 divisions, which had 160 thousand bayonets, 3600 machine guns, 1700 guns, 1088 mortars, over 1000 aircraft. Having aimed against the right wing of the British 7 infantry divisions and against the left wing of the 4th division, they, after a short artillery preparation using the method of precise shooting, inflicted a counterattack, hoping to encircle the enemy. The barrage of fire covered the attack of the German infantry, aviation suppressed the resistance of the British infantry. As a result of the German counterattack, the British lost 9 thousand prisoners, 716 machine guns, 148 guns, 100 tanks.
The British, using 73 remaining combat-ready tanks, repulsed the German counterstrike and retreated on December 5, leaving Marquin, Quentin and Burlon forest. The Germans were unable to encircle the British, as was foreseen by the counterstrike plan.
The operation at Cambrai did not have any noticeable effect on the course of the war. It also did not receive operational development. But her influence on the art of warfare is significant. The battle at Cambrai is associated with the emergence of new methods and forms of warfare, caused by the massive use of tanks. The tactics of combined arms combat, based on the interaction of infantry, artillery, tanks and aviation, was further developed. Anti-tank defenses are emerging at Cambrai.
summaries of other presentations"The First World War" Story "- Jutland Sea Battle. Cause. Battle of the Somme. Concepts. The goals of the belligerent powers. Results and consequences of the war. The world's first combat vehicle. Treaty of Versailles. Battle of Verdun. Peace of Brest. World War I. Compiegne Armistice. Triple Alliance. Main characteristics. Austria-Hungary. Test for verification. Truce between Soviet Russia and Germany. The beginning of the First World War.
"Causes and Consequences of the First World War" - First World War. Brusilov breakthrough. Greatest Crimes. Both sides suffered heavy losses. Causes of the First World War. Dukhonin Nikolay Nikolaevich. Battle of Verdun. Battle of the Marne. Compiegne Armistice. Battle of the Somme. The consequences of the war. The balance of forces. Military-political alliances on the eve of the war. Battle of Jutland. Denikin Anton Ivanovich. Hoffman. August. Battle of Cambrai. Capitulation of Germany.
"Brusilov Breakthrough" - It was during the First World War that tanks were first used. Who is Brusilov? By November 1916, the fighting in the directions entrusted to Brusilov was over. The positional nature of the war. The Brusilov breakthrough put Austria-Hungary on the brink of a military and political catastrophe. All who were in the camp ran headlong in different directions. But the explosion never sounded. He studied at the Corps of Pages. Brusilov breakthrough.
"First World War 1914-1918" - September 1914 - Battle of the Marne. The result of 1916: the superiority of the forces of ANTANTA. Historical inevitability. Accident. World War I 1914-1918 World catastrophe. Schlieffen Plan: Blitzkrieg France Russia. FIRST WORLD WAR 1914-1918 October 1914 - entry into the war of Turkey. Stabilization. Murder in Sarajevo of the heir to the Austrian throne Franz Ferdinand. Opening of hostilities in the Black Sea and in the Transcaucasus.
"Warlords of the First World War" - Colonel General Paul von Hindenburg. Outstanding Russian military leader, General Staff of the General Staff of Infantry. Outstanding military leaders of the XX century. Hero of the Russo-Japanese and First World Wars. Paul von Hindenburg. Ferdinand Foch is a French military leader. Paul von Hindenburg is a German Colonel General. Russian military leader and military teacher. German military leader and politician. Anton Ivanovich Denikin.
"War 1914-1918" - Time. Results of the First World War. Militarism. Austria-Hungary. Treaty of Versailles. 1914 - 1918 United Kingdom. Mandatory system. World War I. Imperialism. Mobilization terms. France. Entente. Monopoly. Blitzkrieg. The League of nations. Verdun. War. Triple Alliance. Washington Conference. Germany. Sarajevo. Occasion. Russia.
dCHPKOBS VYFCHB RTY lBNVTE
uYuBUFMYChSchE DEOEYULY H fHTLHOE RTPNYUBMYUSH VSCHUFTP, oELPFPTPE CHTENS NShch of the ECE UFPSMY chYMMET W-P-fETFTE, zde RPMHYUYMY OPCHPE RPRPMOEOYE, J OPSVTS 15 1917 CP PFRTBCHYMYUSH H mELMA NEUFP RTEVSCHCHBOYS FPZDBYOEZP TEETCHOPZP VBFBMSHPOB HLBBOOPK RPYGYY OPL. MELMA'PLBBBMUS DPCHPMSHOP VPMSHYPK, PLTHTSEOOPK PETBNY DETECHOEK CH RTPCHYOGY bTFHB. h PVYTOSCHI ABTPUMSI FTPUFOILB CHPDYMYUSH HFLY Y MSCHUKHIY, CHPDPENSH LYYEMY TSHVPK. oEUNPFTS ABOUT FP SFP TSHVBMLB VSCHMB UFTPZP ABBTEEEOB, RP OPYUBN ABOUT CHPDE UMSCHYBMYUSH ABZBDPYUOSCHE YCHHLY. pDOBTSDSCH NEUFOBS LPNEODBFKHTB CHTHYUIMB NOE OEULPMSHLP LOYTSEL UPMDBF NPEK TPFSCH, RPKNBOOSHI ABOUT NEUFE RTEUFKHRMEOIS: POY ZMKHYIMBOFSHCHNB TKHYUTN. with OYUEZP OE ULBBM RP FPNKH RPCHPDH, FBL LBL IPTPYE OBUFTEEOYE LPNBODSCH VSCHMP NOE DPTPTSE, YUEN PITBOB ZhTBOGKH'ULPK PIPFSCH YMFO PWEDSCH OBUBU. at FPK RPTSCH LBTSDSCHK CHEYET X NPYI DCHETEK METSBMB PZTPNOBS EHLB, RTYOEUEOOBS OEYCHEUFOPK TKHLPK. about UMEDHAEYK DEOSH DMS PVPYI UCHPYI TPFOSHCHI PZHYGETPCH S HUFTPIM PVED, ZMBCHOPE EZP VMADP OBSCHBMPUSH "eHLB a" la MPOZTYO ".
19 OPSVTS CHNEUFE U NPYNY CHCHPDOSCHNY WITH PUNPFT RPYGYA, LPFPTHA NSCh DPMTSOSCH VSCHMY YBOSFSH CH RPUMEDHAEYE DOY. POB OBIPDYMBUSH X CHILD CHY-BO-bTFHB. OP B PLPRSCH NShch RPRBMY OE FBL ULPTP, LBL DHNBMY: LBTSDHA OPYUSH OCU RPDOYNBMY RP VPECHPK FTECHPZE J DETTSBMY B VPECHPK ZPFPCHOPUFY RPPYUETEDOP AF ON RPYGYY chPFBO BTFYMMETYKULPK PFUEYUOPK FTBOYEE, FP B DETECHOE dATY. PRSCHFOSCHE CHPSLY RPOINBMY, UFP DPMZP FBL RTPDPMTSBFSHUS OE NPTSEF.
dEKUFChYFEMShOP 29 OPSVTS PF OBYEZP VBFBMSHPOOPZP LPNBODYTB, LBRYFBOB vTYLUEOB, NShch HOBMY, YUFP DPMTSOSCH RTYOSFSH HYUBUFYE B YYTPLP BDHNBOOPK LPOFTBFBLE DHZPPVTBOPZP CHSCHUFHRB, LPFPTSCHK CHDBCHYMP B Oba ZHTPOF FBOLPCHPE UTBTSEOYE RTY lBNVTE. IPFS NSCH Y TBDPCHBMYUSH, UFP UNEOOIMY OBLPOEG TPMSH OBLPCHBMSHOY OB TPMSH NPMPFB, OP CHUE TCE YBDBCHBMYUSH CHPRTPUPPN: CHSCHDEETTSYF MY LPSCHNKHBODEB. s RPMPTSIMUS ABOUT VPECHPK DHI UCHPEK TPFSH ABOUT ITS TSEMEHOSCHK LPUFSL - PRSCHPDOSCHI LPNBODYTPCH Y RTECHPUIPDOSCHI HOFET-PZHYGETPCH.
h OPYUSH U 30 OPSVTS ABOUT 1 DELBVTS NSCH WEY ABOUT ZTKHEPCHSCHE BCHFPNPVYMY. RETCHSCHE RPFETY CH NPEK TPFE RTPYSPYMY Y'-B PDOPZP UPMDBFB, XTPOYCHYEZP TKHYUOHA ZTBBFKH, ABZBDPYUOSCHN PVTBPN TCHPTCHBCHYKHYCHEUMUS YBZEPYPN TCHPTCHBCHYKHYCHYTSYUMUS YBP dTKHZPK RPRSCHFBMUS TBSCHZTBFSH UKHNBUYEUFCHYE, YUFPVSH KhMY'OHFSH PF UTBCEOIS. rPUME DPMZPK CHMSCHOLY UYMSHOSCHK HDBT CH TEVTB, RTPYCHEDEOOSCHK PDOIN HOFET-PZHYGETPN, UPCHB EZP PVTBJHNYM, Y NSCH OBLPOEG FTPOKHMYUSH. eIBMY, OBVYCHYYUSH LBL UEMSHDY CH VPYULE, RPYUFY DP UBNPZP vBTBMMS, J FBN, UYDS CH LBOBCHE, DPMZP TsDBMY RTYLBJPCh. oEUNPFTS ABOUT IPMPD, S HMEZUS RTSNP ABOUT MHZH Y RTPURBM DP TBUCHEFB. u OELPFPTSCHN TBPYUBTPCHBOYEN NSCH HOBMY, UFP 225-K RPML, CH YUSHEN RPDYUOYOOY NSCH OBIPDYMYUSH, PFLBBBMUS PF OBYK RPNPEY RTY YFKHTNE. b RPLB UFP NSC DPMTSOSCH VSCHMY VBMEUSH CH DCHPTGPCHPN RBTLE vBTBMMS, RTEVSCHBS CH VPECHPK ZPFPCHOPUFY.
h 9 YUBUPCH OBYB BTFIMMETYS OBOEUMB STPUFOSCHE PZOOCHCHE HDBTSCH, LPFPTSCHE NETSDKH 11. 45 Y 11. 50 UZHUFIMYUSH DP HTBZBOOPZP PZOS. vKhTMPOULYK MEU, VMBZPDBTS UYMSHOSCHN CHLTERMEOISN OE BICHBYUEOOSCHK, B FPMSHLP VMPLYTPCHBOOSCHK U MPVPCHPK RPYUGYY, YUYUEH RPD ZEMBOLP-ZEMBOPN h 11.50 NSCH KhCHYDEMY CH VYOPLMY, LBL CH RHUFPN, Y'TSHFPN CHPTPOLBNY RPME CHCHTPUMY MYOYY PVPTPOSCH, CH FP CHTENS LBL CH FSCHMKH RPDOSMYUSH VBFKHTEY Y DCHUCHY. oENEGLYK MEFUIL RPDTSES BOSMYKULIK RTYCHSHOPK BTPUFFBF, J OBVMADBFEMY CHCHRTSCHZOHMY YY OEZP U RBTBYAFBNY. MEFUYL EEE RPLTHTSIM OENOPZP CHPLTHZ RBTSEYI CH CHP'DKHIE, PVUFTEMYCHBS YI FTBUYTKHAEYNY RHMSNY, J FFP VSCHMP YOBLBUPN FPZP, UEFBUPCHUM CHPP CHP.
oBUMBDYChYYUSh TEMYEEN CHPDHYOPZP UPU B LPFPTSCHN NShch OBVMADBMY have CHSCHUPFSCH DCHPTGPCHPZP RBTLB, NShch PRPTPTSOYMY GEMSCHK LPFEMPL MBRY, HMEZMYUSH, OEUNPFTS ON IPMPD, RTSNP ON ENMA, YUFPV RPURBFSH RPUME PVEDB, J H FTY YUBUB RPMHYUYMY RTYLB RTPDCHYOHFSHUS A RPMLPCHPK RPYGYY, URTSFBOOPK B YMAE CHSCHUPIYEZP LBOBMB. nSCh RTPDEMBMY LFPF RHFSH RPChCHPDOP, PUSHRBENSCHE UMBVSCHN TBUESOSOSCHN PZOEN. pFFHDB UEDSHNKHA Y CHPUSHNKHA TPFSH PFRTBCHYMY L LPNBODYTKH RP VPEPCHPK RPDZPFPCHLE, YUFPVSH UNEOYFSH DCHE TPFSH 225-ZP. rSFSCHUPF NEFTPCH, LPFPTSCHE RTYYMPUSH RTEPDPMECHBFSH RP DOKH LBOBMB, UPRTPCHPTSDBMYUSH RMPFOSCHN YBZTBDYFEMSHOSCHN PZOEN. ve' RPFETSH, UTSBCHYYUSH CH EDYOSCHK FEUOSCHK LPNPL, NSC DPVETSBMY DP GEMY. UPONYEB FTHRPCh ZPCHPTYMY P FPN, UFP OE PDOB TPFB TBURMBFYMBUSH YDEUSH UCHPEA LTPCHSHA. PFTSDSCH RPDLTERMEOIS TSBMYUSH L UBNSCHN OBUSCHRSN Y ЪBOYNBMYUSH FEN, UFP U MYIPTBDPYUOPK RPUREYOPUFSHA RTPVYCHBMY CH PVCHBMYCHYEKUS LBSCHNSCHLEOPK LMT rPULPMSHLKH CHUE NEUFB VSCHMY ЪBOSFSH J UBNB NEUFOPUFSH, LBL PTYEOFIGHT, RTIFSYCHBMB L UEVE PZPOSH, WITH PFCH TPFKH OB RPME URTBCHB Y RTEDBUFFDBCHYPH PULPMPL, ABDTEVETSBCH, ChPFLOHMUS CH NPK YFSHL. CHNEUFE U FEVVE, LPFPTSCHK UP UCHPEK CHPUSHNPK RPUMEDPCHBM OBYENKH RTYNETKH, WITH REGULAR RPDIPDSEHA CHPTPOLKH, Y NSCH FHF TSE RETEFSOHMY EE RMBE-RBMBFLPK. YBCZMY UCHEYULKH, RPKHTSYOBMY, TBULKHTYMY FTHVLY Y, DTPTSB PF IPMPDB, OENOPZP RPVPMFBMY. FEVVE, DBTSE RPUTEDY UFPK DYLPUFY RTPDPMTSBCHYK PUFBCHBFSHUS DEODY, TBUULBBM NOE DMYOOHA YUFPTYA PV PDOPK DECHKHYLE, LPFPTBKH RPMBYE EP.
h 11 YUBUPCH S RPMKHYUYM RTYLB RTPDCHYOHFSHUS ABOUT VSCCHYHA RETEDOAA MYOYA Y DPMPTSYFSH P UEVE CHPKULPCHPNKH LPNBODYTH, LPFPTPNKH RPDYUYOSHBSMBU. with WHAT CHUEN UPVTBFSHUS Y RPCHEM MADEK CHRETED. rBDBMY EEE FPMSHLP PFDEMSHOSCHE, NPESOSCHE UOBTSDSCH, PDYO YY OYI, LBL UBFBOYOULPE RTICHEFUFCHYE, AMEROKHMUS RETED OBNY, OBRPMOYCH MPTSNOSCHNBMB FEN. lPNBODB ЪBNPMYUBMB, UMPCHOP MEDSOPK LHMBL ICHBFIM YI RP YBFSCHMLKH, Y OETPCHOSCHN YBZPN RPUREYMB ЪB NOPK, RETEMEBS ZHETE LPCHMAYUPYUP RTP. oE PRYUBFSH FP OERTYSFOPE YUKHCHUFCHP, LPFPTPE YBLTBDSCHCHBEFUS CH DKHYH RTY RETEUEYUEOY OEOBLPNPK RPYUGEY CH OPYUOPE YUHCHUFCHP, RKHUFSH OBSHE DBTSE. ъTEOYE Y UMKHI UPMDBFB RPDDBAFUS UBNPNKH UVTBOOPNKH PVNBOKH; NETSDKH ZTPHOSCHNY UVEOBNY PLPRB PO YUKHCHUFCHKHEF UEVS PDIOPLP, LBL TEVEOPL, ABVMKHDYCHYYKUS CH FENOPK RKHUFSHOE. CHUE LBTSEFUS YUKHTSYN Y IPMPPDOSCHN, LBL CH ЬBLPMDPCHBOOPN NITE.
OBLPOEG NSCH OBYMY NEUFP, ZDE RETEDOSS MYOYS KHLPK RPMPUK CHRBDBMB CH LBOBM, Y, RTPFYULYCHBSUSH ULCHPYSH RETERPMOEOOSCHE PLPRSCH, OBRTBCHYMYFNMKHOSH RVBPHPH. with CHPYEM Y KHCHYDEM ZTHRRKH PZHYGETPCH Y UCHSHOSHI CH FBLPK DHIPFE, UFP CPUDKHI NPTSOP VSCHMP TEBFSH MPNFSNY. noe UPPVEIMI, UFP BFBLB CH ffpn neufe rpyufe oyuezp oe dbmb j ufp about umedhaeee hftp rtdrpmbzbEFus rtpdchjeoje dbmshye. GBTEYE YDEUSH OBUFTFEOYE OE RTEDCHEBMP OYUEZP IPTPYEZP. dCHB VBFBMSHPOOSHI LPNBODYTB ABFESMY RETERBMLH UP UCHPYNY BDYAAFBOFBNY. chTENS PF CHTENEY PZHYGETSCH UREGRPDTBDEMEOYK VTPUBMY U CHSCHUPFSU UCHPYI OBT, OBVIFSCH LBL LPTYOLY U LKHTBNY, FP YMY YOPE BNEYUBOYE RTYCHOOSHUPE. yb-bb UYZBTOPZP DSCHNB OEYUEN VSCHMP DSCHYBFSH. DEOEYLY RSCHFBMYUSH CH FPK DBCHLE OBTEBFSH IMEVB DMS UCHPYI ZPURPD. CHVETSBCHYK TBOESCHK, UPPVEYCH P CHTBTSEULPK ZTBOBFOPK BFBLE, RPDOSM CHTENEOOKHA FTECHPZH.
OBLPOEG WITH UNPZ ABRYUBFSH RTYLB P YFKHTNE, LBUBAEYKUS NEOS. noe UP UCHPEK TPFK RTEDUFFPSMP CH 6 YUBUPCH KFTB BFBLPCHBFSh dTBIEOCHEZ, B PFFHDB RTPTCHBFSHUS LBL NPTSOP ZMHVTSE ABOUT MYOYA YIZZHTYDB. pWB VBFBMShPOB RPYGYPOOOPZP RPMLB DPMTSOSCH VSCHMY CH 7 YUBUPCH BFBLPCHBFSH ZhMBOZ URTBCHB. ьФБ ТБЪОЙГБ PE CHTENEY FPFYUBU ChPЪVKHDYMB PE NOE RPDP'TEOEYE, UFP PFDBAEYK RTYLBYSCH OE PYUEOSH-FP CHETIM CH DPVTPFOPUFSH TSBTLPZPYM Y PRTESHDEPL with VSCHM RTPFYCH TBDCHPEOOPK BFBLY Y DPVYMUS FPZP, UFP Y NSCHCHUFKHRYMY FPMSHLP CH 7 YUBUPCH. OBUFHRYCHYE HPTP RPLBBMP, LBLYN CHBTSOSCHN VSCHMP LFP YUNEOOOYE.
chSCHBOOKHA YU UCHPEZP UPEDYOEOYS TPFH YUHTSPE LPNBODPCHBOYE OE VBMHEF. rPULPMSHLKH TBURPMPTSEOYE dTBIEOCHEZB S BOBM FPMSHLP RTYVMYJFEMSHOP, FP RTY RTPEBOY RPRTPUYM LBTFKH, OP EE, LBL CHSCHSUYCHMPUSH, OEBM. with RPLPTIMUS UHDSHVE Y CHCHYEM.
dPChPMShOP DPMZP CY FSTSEMP UOBTSTSEOOSCHNY MADSHNY VMHTSDBM RP RPYGYY, RPLB PDYO UPMDBF ON OEVPMSHYPN, PFCHEFCHMSAEENUS CHRETED PLPRE, RETELTSCHFPN YURBOULYNY CHUBDOYLBNY, OE PVOBTHTSYM FBVMYYULH have RPMHUFETYEKUS OBDRYUSHA "dTBIEOChEZ". uFKhRYCH FKHDB, S HTSE YUETE'OEULPMSHLP YBZPCH HUMSCHYBM OETBVPTYUYCHHA YOPUFTBOOKH TEYUSH. with OILBL OE PTSYDBM PVOBTKHTSYFSH RTPFYCHOYLB FBL VMYYLP - RPYUFY OB UCHPEK TSE MYOYI, RTY PFUHFUFCHY LBLYI VSCh FP OY VSCHMPT NET RTEDPUFFPN
x UBNPZP dTBIEOCHEZB OBIPDYMBUSH PZTPNOBS SNB, RP-CHYDYNPNKH RTPFYCHPFBOLPCHBS MPCHKHYLB; CH OEK S UPVTBM CHUA TPFKH, UFPVSH PVYASUOIFSH VPECHPE BDBOYE Y TBURTEDEMYFSH CHCHPDSCH ABOUT YFKHTN. NPA TEYUSH OEULPMSHLP TB 'RTETSCHBMY MEZLIE UOBTSDSCH. PDYO TBB OETBPTCHBCHYKUS UOBTSD CHMEFEM DBCE CH ЪBDOAA UVEOLKH. with UFPSM OBCHETIKH X UBNPZP LTBS Y RTY LBTSDPN RPRBDBOY CHYDEM, LBL OYLP Y TIFNYUOP RPDP NOPK ULMPOSMYUSH PUCHEEEOOCHE MHOSCHN UCHEFSCHEPN LBBMSH.
PRBUSH YBMSHOPZP UOBTSDB, WITH PFRTBCHYM RETCHSCHK Y CHFPTPK CHCHPDSCH PVTBFOP ABOUT RPYGYA, B U FTEFSHINE KHUFTPIMUS CH SNE. yUBUFY RPDTBDEMEOIS, ЪB DEOSH DP FPZP TBBVYFPZP ABOUT dTBIEOCHEZ, OBRKHZBMY NPYI MADEK, Y POI TBUULBSCHCHBMY, UFP CH RSFIDEUSFY BOZBYMENATBI FTEKUL h PFCHF ABOUT LFP NSCH U LPNBODYTBNY CHCHPDPCH RTYYMY L UPZMBYEOYA, UFP RTY RETCHPN TCE PFRPTE URTBCHB Y UMECHB VTPUBENUS ABOUT RETBODYTBNY CHJCHPDPCH TJYYMY L UPZMBYEOYA.
VEULPOEUOP DPMZJE YUBUSCH PCIDBOYS WITH RTPCHEM CH OPTE, FEUOP RTYTSBCHYUSH L MEKFEOBOFH iPRZHH. h V YUBUPCH RPDOSMUS Y U FEN PUPVSCHN OBUFTFEOYEN, LPFPTPE RTEDYEUFCHHEF CHUSLPNKH YFKHTNKH, PFDBM RPUMEDOYE TBURPTSCEOIS. chPOYLBEF PEHEEOYE LBLPK-OP UFTBOOPK CHSMPUFY B TSEMHDLE, fng TBZPCHBTYCHBEYSH have LPNBODYTBNY PFTSDPCH, YHFYYSH, VEZBEYSH FHDB-UADB, LBL ON RBTBDE RETED ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEYN, LPTPYUE, YEEYSH Chueh CHTENS LBLYI-OP BOSFYK, YUFPVSCH HVETSBFSH PF UCHETMSEEK FEVS NSCHUMY. LFP-FP RTEDMPTSIM NOE LTKHTSLKH LPZHE, TBVBCHMEOOOPZP LTERLINE URYTFPN, UMPCHOP RP CHMYEVUUFCHH CHMYCHYEZP CH NEOS TSYЪOSH Y HCHTEOOOPUFSH.
TPCHOP CH 7 NSC CHCHUFKHRYMY DMYOOPK YETEOZPK CH PRTEMEOOPK RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOPUFY. dTBIEOCHEZ PLBBMUS OEBOSFSCHN; TSD RKHUFSHI VBTBVBOPCH ЪB VBTTYLBDPK KHLBSHCHBM ABOUT FP, UFP RKHMENEF KVTBMY. ьFP CHPURMBNEOOIMP OBY VPECHPK DHI. NSC CHUFKHRYMY CH OEVPMSHYPE HEYMSHE, RPUME YUEZP S PZTBDYM PFCHEFCHMSAEYKUS CHTBCHP IPTPYP HLTERMEOSCHK PLPR OBDETSOSCHN RTYLTSCHFYEN. heEMSHE CHUE VPMEE TBUYTSMPUSH, RPLB NSCH, HTSE ABOUT TBUCHEF, OE CHSCHYMY ABOUT YYTPLPE RPME. rPCETOKHCH OBOBD, NSCH CHUFKHRYMY CH RTBCHSCHK PLPR, ITBOYCHYK UMEDSH OEHDBYUOPK BFBLY. YENMS VSCHMB RPLTSCHFB KHVIFSCHNY BOZMYUBOBNY CHPEOOOPK HFCHBTSHA. ьФП ВЩМБ MYOYS YZZHTYDB. chDTKHZ LPNBODYT HDBTOSCHI PFTSDHCH, MEKFEOBOF iPRREOTBF, CHCHCHBFYM X UPMDBFB THTSSHE Y CHSCHUFTEMIM. PO OBFPMLOKHMUS ABOUT BOZMYKULPZP YUBUPCHPZP, LPFPTSCHK RPUME OEULPMShLYI ZTBBF PVTBFIMUS CH VESUFCHP. dCHYOHMYUSH DBMSHYE, J FHF TSE UOPCHB CHUFTEFYMY UPRTPFYCHMEOYE. THYUOSCHE ZTBOBFSH MEFEMY U PWAYI UFPTPO Y MPRBMYUSH U NOPZPLTBFOSCHN FTEULPN. h VPK CHUFHRIMB FEIOILB HDBTOSCHI YUBUFEK. NYOSCH RETEDBCHBMY DTHZ DTHZH RP GERPULE; UOBKRETSCH HUFTBYCHBMYUSH B RPRETEYUYOBNY, Vets RPD RTYGEM CHTBTSEULYE NYOPNEFSCH, CHCHPDOSCHE LPNBODYTSCH OBVMADBMY RPCHETI HLTSCHFYS, YUFPVSCH OE RTPRHUFYFSH LPOFTBFBLH, B NYOPNEFYUYLY HUFBOBCHMYCHBMY UCHPY PTHDYS B NEUFBI, PFLTSCHCHBAEYI RPME PVUFTEMB.
rPUME LTBFLPK VYIFCHSCH RP FKH UVPTPOKH TBDBMYUSH CHCHPMOPCHBOOSCHE ZPMPUB, J RTETSDE YUEN NSC IPTPYEOSHLP RPOSMY, UFP UMKHYUYMPUSH, L OBN CHCHYMY BOUTCHE RETSCHE. pDIO ЪB DTHZYN, RPD RTYGEMPN OBYYI CHYOFPCHPL J RYUFPMEFPCH, POI PZYVBMY RPRETEUYOH Y EEMLBMY LBVMHLBNY. LFP VSCHMY URMPYSH NPMPDSCHE, LTERLIE RBTOY CH OPCHEIPOSLJI KHOYZHPTNBI. with RTPRHULBM YI U OBUFFPSFEMSHOSCHN "Hands down!" {35} Y RPTHYUYM PDOPNKH Y PFTSDHCH HCHEUFY YI. oELPFPTSCHE DPCHETYUYCHP HMSCHVBMYUSH, RPLBSCHBS FEN UBNSCHN, UFP OE RTEDRPMBZBAF CH OBU OYUEZP VEUYUEMPCHEYUOPZP. dTHZYE TSE UFBTBMYUSH OBU ABDPVTYFSH, RTPFSZYCHBS RBULY UYZBTEF Y RMIFLY YPLPMBDB. u CHP'TPUYEK TBDPUFSHA DYLBTS S CHYDEM, UFP NSCh RPMHYUYMY VPZBFSHK HMPCH: RTPGEUUY OE VSCHMP LPOGB. nSCH HTSE OBUYUIFBMY UFP RSFSHDEUSF YUEMPCHEL, B OPCHSCHE CHUE YMY YYMY U RPDOSFSCHNY THLBNY. with POOFBOPCHYM PODOPZP PZHYGETB Y URTPUYM EZP PV PUFBMSHOPN KHUFTKUFCHE Y PUOBEEOY RPYGYY. ON PFCHEUBM PYUEOSH CHETSMYCHP, HUHZHVYCH RTPYCHDEOOOP ABOUT NEOS VMBZPRTYSFOPE CHREUBFMEOYE EEE Y FEN, UFP UFPSM RETEDP NOPK OBCHSCHFSTSLKH. ABOUT RTPCH NEOS L LPNBODYTKH TPFSH - TBOEOPNKH LBRIFBOKH, OBIPDYCHYENKHUS CH VMYTSOEK YFPMSHOE. with HCHYDEM RTYUMPOYCHYEZPUS L PVYCHLE NPMPDPDPZP YUEMPCHELB RTYVMYJFEMSHOP 26-FY MEF U FPOLYNY YUETFBNY MYGB, U RTPUFTEMEOOPK ZPMEOSHA. lPZDB S RTEDUFBCHYMUS, BY RTYUFBCHYM THLH U CHYUSEEK ABOUT OEK GPMPFPK GERPYULPK L ZhKhTBTSLE, OBCHBM UCHPE YNS Y PFDBM NOE RYUFFPMEF. RETCHSCHE TSE UMPCHB, LPFPTSCHE PO RTPYOOEU, RPLBBMY, UFP RETEDP NOPK NKHTSUYOB. “We were surrounded about”. {36} ex OE FETREMPUSH PVYASUOIFSH UCHPENKH RTPFYCHOYLKH, PFUEZP EZP TPFB FBL VSCHUFTP UDBMBUSH. nSCh RPZPCHPTYMY RP-JTBOGKHULI P TBOBOSHI CHEEBI. ON TBUULBBM, UFP CH UPUEDEN KHVETSIEE OBIPDIFUS GEMBS ZTHRRB OENEGLIYI RMEOOSHI, ЪB LPFPTSCHNY HIBTSYCHBAF EZP MADI. lPZDB S URTPUYM, CH LBLPK UVEREY MYOYS YZZHTYDB HDETTSYCHBEFUS U FSCHMH, ON HLMPOIMUS PF PFCCHFB. rPUME FPZP LBL WITH RPPVEBM PFRKHUFYFSH Y EZP, Y DTHZYI TBEOSCHI, NSCh RPRTPEBMYUSH, RPCBCH DTHZ DTHZH TXLY.
nPY MADI, UFPSCHYE RETED YFPMSHOEK, DPMPTSYMY, UFP NSCh BICHBFYMY PLPMP DCHKHIUPF RMEOOSHI. dMS TPFSCH CHPUENSHDEUSF ZPMPCH OE FBL HC RMPIP! s TBUFBCHYM RPUFSCH, Y NSCH PUNPFTEMYUSH CH BCHPECHBOOPN PLPRE, OBVIFPN PTHTSYEN Y TBOBOSCHNY RTEDNEFBNY, CHPPTHTSEOIS. On RPUFPCHSCHI RHOLFBI METSBMY RHMENEFSCH, NYOPNEFSCH, THYUOSCHE ZTBOBFSCH J RHMY, ZHMSTSLY, NEIPCHSCHE TSYMEFLY, RTPTEYOEOOSCHE RMBEY, RMBE-RBMBFLY, NSUOSCHE LPOUETCHSCH, RPCHYDMP, South Coast, LPZHE, LBLBP J FBVBL, VHFSCHMLY have LPOSHSLPN, YOUFTHNEOFSCH, RYUFPMEFSCH, TBLEFOYGSCH, VEMSHE, RETUBFLY - LPTPYUE ZPCHPTS, CHUE, UFP NPTSOP UEVE FPMSHLP RTEDUFBCHYFSH. s, LBL OBUFPSEIK LPNBODYT MBODULOEIFPCH, KHUFTPYM OEVPMSHYK RETETSCH, YUFPVSH DBFSH UCHPYN MADSN RPZTBVYFSH, RETEDPIOHFSH Y RPTSCHEFSHUS. with FPCE OE UNPZ HDETTSBFSHUS PF YULHYEOYS Y RPRTPUYM UCHPEZP DEOEYLB RTYUPVTBFSH NOE CHOME PDOPK YFPMSHOY UFP-OYVHDSH L ABCHVLTBLH FYVHDSH L ABCHVLTBLH FYP {37} RPLB S UVTPUYM PFYUEF LPNBODYTKH VPECHCHI YUBUFEK. lPRYA S RTEDKHUNPFTYFEMSHOP RPUMBM OBYENKH VBFBMSHPOOOPNH LPNBODYTKH.
yuETE RPMYUBUB B RTYRPDOSFPN OBUFTPEOYY OE UFBOH PFTYGBFSH, YUFP FPNH URPUPVUFCHPCHBM J BOZMYKULYK LPOSHSL, NShch UOPCHB DCHYOHMYUSH B RHFSH J, LTBDHYUYUSH RTPVYTBSUSH PF PDOPK RPRETEYUYOSCH A DTHZPK, RETEUELMY MYOYA YZZhTYDB.
h PDOPN Y VMPLZBKHAPCH, CHUFTFEOOSHI CH PLPR, NSCh TBDPVSCHMY PZPOSH Y RPDOSMYUSH ABOUT VMYTSBKYYK RPUFPCHPK RHOLF, YUFPVSCH PUNPFTEFSHUS. rPLB NSCh PVNEOYCHBMYUSH RHMSNY U PVIFBFEMSNY YFPK NEUFOPUFY, YUEK-FP OECHYDYNSCHK LHMBL RPCHBMYM PODOPZP UPMDBFB ABOUT ENMA. rHMS RTPUCHETMYMB READ EZP LBULY Y POOFBCHIMB ABOUT YUETER DMYOOHA VPTPDH. NPZ RPDOINBMUS Y PRHULBMUS CH TBOE RTY LBTSDPN HDBTE LTPCHY, OP, OEUNPFTS OB FFP, RPUFTBDBCHYK REFINERY EEE IDFY VEH RPDDETTSLY. with CHEM ENKH UVTPUYFSH TBOEG, U LPFPTSCHN ON OILBL OE IPFEM TBUFFBCHBFSHUS, J ЪBLMYOBM EZP YDFY NEDMEOOP Y PUPPTPTSOP.
with RTYCHBM DPVTPCHPMSHGECH BFBLPK UMPNYFSH UPRTPFYCHMEOYE ABOUT UCHPVPDOPN RTPUFTBOUFCHE. MADI OEHCHTEOOOP RETEZMSDSCHBMYUSH; Y FPMSHLP PDYO VEURPNPESHCHK RPMSL, LPFPTPZP S CHUEZDB UYUIFBM UMBVPHNOSCHN, CHSCHME YY PLPRB Y ZTHHOP UFKHRIM ABOUT VMPLZBKH. l UPTSBMEOYA, S ABVSHM YNS LFPZP RTPUFPZP UPMDBFB, RTERPDBCHYEZP NOE HTPL, UFP HOBFSH YEMPCHELB NPTSOP, FPMSHLP HCHYDECH EZP CH VEDE. fHF Y ZHEOTYI opCRETF CHULPYUYM UP UCHPYN PFTSDPN ABOUT KhLTSCHFYE, RPLB NSCH RTPDCHYZBMYUSH RP PLPRH. bOZMYUBOE DBMY OEULPMSHLP VBMRPCH Y PFUFHRIMY, POOFBCHYCH VMPLZBKH ABOUT RTPYCHPM UHDSHVSCH. pDIO YJ MADEK ZHEOTYIB CH UBNSCHK TBZBT BFBLY KRBM ABNETFCHP MYGPN CHOYCH CH OEULPMSHLIYI YBZBI PF GEMEY. ON RPMKHYUIM FPF CHSCHUFTEM CH UETDGE, RPUME LPFPTPZP KHVIFSCHK METSIF, CHSCHFSOKHCHYYUSH OBRPDPVYE URSEZP.
rTY DBMSHOEKYEN RTPDCHYTSEOY NSCh OBFPMLOKHMYUSH ABOUT PCEUFPYUEOOOP UPRTPFYCHMEOE OECHYDYNSHI ZTBBFPNEFYUYLPCH Y ЪB CHTENS DPMZCHPZEP UPVPME fBN NSCh ЪБВБТЙЛБДЙТПЧБМЙУШ. ABOUT HYUBUFLE PLPRB, ЪB LPFPTSCHK YEM VPK, J NSCH Y BOZMYUBOE PFBCHYMY HKNKH FTHRPCH. hChCH, UTUDY OYI VSCHM Y KHOFET-PZHYGET NECHYKHU, ABRPNOYICHYYKUS NOE RP OPYUOPNKH UTBTSEOYA RTY teoshechime LBL PFYUBSOOP ITBVTSCHK VPEG. ON METSBM OYYULPN CH MHTSE LTPCHY. lPZDB S EZP RETECHETOKHM, FP RP ZMHVPLPK DSCHTE ABOUT MVH KHCHYDEM, UFP CHUSLBS RPNPESH YDEUSH VEURPMEHOB. with FPMShLP UFP U OYN TBZPCHBTYCHBM; CHDTKHZ PO BNPMYUBM, OE PFCHEFYCH ABOUT NPK ChPRTPU. lPZDB YUETE'OEULPMSHLP UELKHOD WITH YBYEM ЪB RPRETEYUH, ЪB LPFPTPK PO YUYUE, FP OBYEM EZP HTSE NETFCHSCHN. h LFPN VSCHMB LBLBS-FP TsHFLBS FBKOB.
rPUME FPZP LBL RTPFYCHOIL OENOPZP PFUFHRIM, OBYUBMBUSH HRPTOBS RETEUFTEMLB, PE CHTENS LPFPTPK RKHMENEF MSHAYUB, TBURPMPTSEOOSCHK CH RSFEYSHYDEUS TXUOPK RKHMENEF U OBYEK UVPTPOSCH RTYOSM CHSCHPCH. at RPMNYOHFSCH, PRTSCHULYCHBENSCHE RHMSNY, ZTPIPFBMY DTHZ RTPFYCH DTHZB PVB UNETFPOPUOSCHI PTKHDYS. chDTKHZ OBY OBCHPDYUYL, EZHTEKFPT nPFHMMP, HRBM, UTBTSEOOSCHK RHMEK CH ZPMPCHH. i IPFS NPZ URPMBM RP EZP MYGKH DP UBNSHI LPMEO, ON OE RPFETSM UP'OBOYS DBCE LPZDB NSC PFOEUMY EZP CH UPUEDOAA YFPMSHOA. nPFHMMP, RPTSYMPK YUEMPCHEL, RTYOBDMETSBM A DRYER MADSN, LPFPTSCHE OYLPZDB R ™ £ OE RPYMY B CHPMPOFETSCH, OP LPZDB IN UFPSM B RHMENEFPN, C, DE PFTSCHCHBSUSH PF EZP MYGB, CHYDEM, YUFP, OEUNPFTS ON PZOEOOSCHK UOPR, PRTSCHULYCHBAEYK EZP UP CHUEI UFPTPO BY TH ABOUT DAKN OE OBLMPOSM ZPMPCHH. aboutB CHRTPU P UBNPYUKHCHUFCHY ON PFCHYUBM NOE EEE UCHSHOSCHNY ZhTBBNY. х NEOS VSCHMP CHREUBFMEOYE, UFP UNETFEMSHOBS TBOB OE RTYUYOSMB ENKH UVTBDBOYK; NPTSEF VSHFSH, PO P OEK Y OE RPDP'TEECHBM.
rPUFEOOOP PZPOSH OBYUBM UFYIBFSH, RPFPNKH UFP Y BOZMYUBOE RTYOSMYUSH ЪB UFTPYFEMSHUFFCHP VBTTYLBDSCH. h 12 YUBUPCH RPSCHYMYUSH LBRIFBO ZhPO vTYLUEO, MEKFEOBOF FEVVE Y MEKFEOBOF ZhPKZF; POI RPDTBCHYMY NEOS U HUREIPN TPFSH. NSC ЪBVTBMYUSH CH VMPLZBKH, RPBCHFTBLBMY BOZMYKULYNY ЪBRBBNY Y PVUKHDYMY RPMPTSEOYE. lTYUB YUP CHUEI UYM, WITH WHAT RETEZPCHPTSCH RTYNETOP U DCHBDGBFSHA RSFSHA BOZMYUBOBNY, YUSHY ZPMPCHSCH FPTYUBMY YY PLPRB CH UFB NEFTBI RETED OBNY; RP-CHYDYNPNKH, POI IPFEMY UDBFSHUS. OP LBL FPMSHLP S ЪBVTBMUS ABOUT HLTSCHFYE, FP VSCHM FHF TSE PVUFTEMSO PFLKHDB-FP UBDY.
chDTKHZ X VBTTYLBDSCH OBYUBMPUSH LBLPE-FP DCHYTSEOYE. rPMEFEMY TKHYUOSCHE ZTBBFSH, ЪBFTEEBMY TKHTSSHS, ЪBFBTBIFEMY RKHMENEFSCH. “IDHF! iDHF! " nSCH KHLTSHMYUSH YB NEYLBNY U REULPN Y OBYUBMY UFTEMSFSH. pDIO YJ NPYI MADEK, EZHTEKFPT LYNREOIBKHU, CH VPECHPN HZBTE CHULPYUIM ABOUT VBTTYLBDH Y DPMZP UVTEMSM CHOHFTSH PLPRB, RPLB EZP OE UNEMEY DCHULPYUYM with ЪBRPNOY LFPZP ZETPS NPNEOFB Y YNEM HDPCHPMSHUFFCHIE RPЪDTBCHYFSH EZP YUETEЪ DCHE OEDEMY U TseMEOsHCHN LTEUFPN I UVEROY.
EDCHB NSCH CHETOKHMYUSH PF YOFETNEDY L ABCHFTBLKH, LBL UOPCHB RPDOSMUS DYLIK YKHN. rTPY'PYMB PDOB Y'FEI UVTBOOSHI UMHYUBKOPUFEK, VMBZPDBTS LPFPTSCHN UIFKHBGYS VPS CHDTKHZ OERTULBHENP NEOSEFUS. lTYL YUIPDYM PF YURPMOSAEZP PVS'BOOOPUFY PZHYGETB MCHPZP UPUEDOEZP RPMLB; FFFF YUEMPCHEL RSCHFBMUS OBMBDIFSH U OBNY UCHSH Y OBIPDIMUS CH CHEUSHNB ЪBDYTYUFPN OBUFTFEOY. PO VSCHM UMEZLB RSHSO, UFP, LBBMPUSH, TBPTSZMP UCHPKUFCHEOOKHA EZP OBFKHTE PFCHBZH DP VEYEOUFCHB. “WHERE IS FPNNY? хЦП, REUSHY NPTDSCH! CRETED, LFP ЪB NOPK? " h STPUFY ON TBMPNBM OBYKH DYCHOHA VBTTYLBDKH Y TYOHMUS CHRETED, RTPLMBDSCHBS UEE RHFSH TKHYUOSCHNY ZTBBFBNY. RETED OYN ULPMSHYM RP PLPRH EZP PTDYOBTEG Y DPVYCHBM CHYOFPCHPYUOSCHNY CHSCHUFTEMBNY FAIRY, LPNKH HDBMPUSH HVETSBFSH PF CHTSCHCHYUBFLY.
NHTSEUFCHP Y MYUOPE VEUUFTBYE CHUEZDB CHPDKHYECHMSAF. nd OBU BICHBFYMB ЬFB HDBMSH, Y NSCH, RPDICHBFYCH THYUOSCHE ZTBOBFSH, TECHOPUFOP RTYUPEDYOYOYMYUSH L ЬFPNKH STPUFOPNKH YFKHTNKH. CHULPTE S HTSE VSCHM CHOPME LFPZP PZHYGETB, DB Y DTHZYE PZHYGETSH, UPRTPCHPTSDBENSHE MADSHNY NPEK TPFSH, OE ЪBUFBCHYMY UEVS DPMZP HRTBYYCHBFSH. UBN VBFBMSHPOSCHK LPNBODYT, LBRIFBO ZHPO vTYLUEO, U CHYOFPCHLPK CH TXLE, OBIPDIMUS CH RETCHCHI TSDBI Y RPCHETI OBYYI ZPMPCH HMPTSIM OE PDOPULP CHTBTBTSEP.
BOZMYYUBOE ITBVTP ЪBEYEBMYUSH. VPK YEM ЪB LBTSDKHA RPRETEUYOH. YUETOSCHE YBTSCH NYMMYNEFTPCHCHI TKHYUOSHI ZTBBF ULTEEYCHBMYUSH CH CHP'DKHIE U OBYNY TKHYUOSCHNY ZTBBFBNY. ъB LBTsDPK CHSFPK RPRETEUYOPK NSCH OBIPDYMY FTHRSCH YMY FEMB, EEE VYCHYYEUS CH UHDPTPTPZBI. hVYCHBMY DTHZ DTHZB, OE CHYDS MYG. x OBU FPCE VSCHMY RPFETY. tSDPN U PTDYOBTGEN HRBM LHUPL TSEMEB, PF LPFPTPZP HCE OEMSHS VSCHMP URBUFYUSH; UPMDBF THIOCHM OBENSH, J EZP LTPCHSH UVTHSNY RPFELMB UTBJKH Y OEULPMShLIYI MSW.
RETERTSCHZOKHCH YUETE'EZP FEMP, NSCh DCHYOHMYUSH DBMSHYE. zTPNPCHCHE TBULBFSH UPRTPCHPTSDBMY OBU. UTEDY NETFCHPK NEUFOPUFY UPFOY ZMB CHCHUMETSYCHBMY NYYEOSH, OBCHPDS ABOUT OE CHYOFPCHLY Y RHMENEFSCH. nSCH HTSE UYMSHOP HDBMYMYUSH PF UCHPYI MYOYK. UP CHUEI UFPTPO MEFEMY UOBTSDSCH, UCHYUFS CHPLTHZ OBYY LBUPL YMY U CEUFLINE FTEULPN CHUTSCHBSUSH X LTBS PLPRB. lBTSDSCHK TBJ LPZDB SKGEPVTBOSCHK TSEMEHOSCHK LPN RPSCHMSMUS OBD MYOYEK ZPTYJPOFB, ZMBU UICHBFSCHCHBM EZP U FEN RTP'TEOYEN, OB LPFPCHESHTPUEPUUM B FPF NYZ PTSYDBOYS OHTSOP VSCHMP BCHMBDEFSH RPYGYEK, PFLHDB IPTPYP R ™ £ PVPTECHBMPUSH Chueh OEVP, FBL LBL FPMSHLP ON EZP VMEDOPN ZHPOE YUETOPE TYZHMEOPE TSEMEP UNETFPOPUOSCHI YBTPCH CHSCHDEMSMPUSH DPUFBFPYUOP YUEFLP. fPZDB NPTSOP VSCHMP LYDBFSH UBNPNKH Y YDFY DBMSHYE. RBDBCHYE LBL NEYPL FEMP RTPFYCHOYLB EDCHB HDPUFBYCHBMPUSH CHZMSDB, HVIFSCHK CHSCHIPDIM YY YZTSCH, OBYUYOBMBUSH OPCHBS UICHBFLB. zTBOBFOBS RETEUFTEMLB OBRPNYOBEF ZHEIFPCHBOYE ABOUT TBRYTBI; OKHTSOP RTPDEMSCHBFSH RTSCHTSLY, LBL CH VBMEFE. ьFP UBNSCHK UNETFEMSHOSCHK YRPEDYOLPCH; PO ЪBLBOYUYCHBEFUS FPMSHLP FPZDB, LPZDB PDYO Y RTPFYCHOYLPCH CHUMEFBEF ABOUT CPUDKHI.
about NETFCHEGPCH, YUETE LPFPTSCHI CHUE CHTENS RTYIPDYMPUSH RETERTSCHZYCHBFSH, S REFINERY CH'FY NYOHFSH UNPFTEFSH VE UPDTPZBOYS. POI METSBMY, UCHPVPDOP TBULYOKHCHYYUSH, CH RPYE, UCHPKUFCHEOOPK FEN NZOPCHEYSN, LPZDB TBUUFBEYSHUS U TSY'OSHA. CHTENS FYI RTSCHTSLPCH S RTEREYTBMUS U NPYN PZHYGETPN - DEKUFFCHYFEMSHOP PFYUBSOSOSCHN NBMSCHN. ON RTFEODPCHBM ABOUT MYDETUFFCHP Y RPFTEVPCHBM PF NEOS, YuFPVShch S OE UBN VTPUBM, B RPDBCHBM ZTBOBFSH ENKH. CHEETENEYLH U LTBFLYNY, KHUFTBYBAEYNY CPZMBUBNY, LPFPTSCHNY TEZKHMYTKHAF UCHPY Y RTYCHMELBAF CHOINBOYE L DEKUFCHYSN RTPFYCHOKHOJLB TBPUSPU! with VSCHM YOUFTKHLFPTPN YFKHTNPCHCHI VBFBMSHPOPCH! "
pFCHEFCHMSAEYKUS CHRTBCHP PLPR NSCh PUCHPVPDYMY DMS UMEDKHAEYI JB OBNY MADEK 225-ZP RPMLB. rPRBCHYE CH FHRL BOZMYUBOE RPRSCHFBMYUSH HKFY YUETE'UCHPVPDOPE RTPUFTBOUFCHP Y VSCHMY RPDUFTEMEOSCH, LBL ABKGSCH OB PIPF.
ъBFEN OBUFKHRIM CHSCHUYK NPNEOF; PVEULTPCHMEOOSCHK RTPFYCHOIL, RTEUMEDKHENSCHK OBNY RP RSFBN, CHUSUEULI RTYOPTBCHMYCHBMUS HKFY YUETE PFLMPOSAEYKUS CHRTBCHP UPDAYSHOYFELPSHR. Hm CHULPYUYMY ON RPUFPCHSCHE RHOLFSCH J HCHYDEMY RETED UPVPK TEMYEE, CHSCHCHBCHYEE X OCU DYLYK CHPRMSH MYLPCHBOYS: PLPR, RP LPFPTPNH HIPDYMY BOZMYYUBOE, YZYVBMUS OBRPDPVYE LTSCHMB MYTSCH, CHPCHTBEBSUSH PVTBFOP A DBS, J UP UFPTPOSCH BOZMYYUBO VSCHM HDBMEO PF OCU OE VPMEE Yuen ON DEUSFSH NEFTPCH. chTBZH VShMP OBU OE PVPKFY! UP UCHPEZP RPUFPCHPZP CHIPCHCHCHYEOYS RTSNP RETED UPVPK NSCH CHYDEMY LBULY BOZMYUBO, URPFSCHLBAEYIUS PF UREYLY Y CHPMOEOIS. with VTPUIM ZTBOBFKH RPD OPZY CHRETEDY YDHEIN, FBL UFP POI CHOEBROP POOFBOPCHYMYUSH, ABLMYOYCH YDHEYI UMEDPN. oBYUBMPUSH OEPRYUHENPE RPVPYEE; ZTBOBFSCH MEFEMY RP CHP'DKHIKH, LBL UOETSLY, PLHFSCHCHBS CHUE NPMPYUOP-VEMSCHN FKHNBOPN. dCHB YUEMPCHELB VEURETEVPKOP RTPFSZYCHBMY NOE ZPFPCHCHE NYOSCH. utedy YBTSBFSHI CH FYULY BOZMYUBO CHSCHUCHETLYCHBMYUSH SASHL RMBNEOY, YCHSCHTS CHCHA LMPYUSH Y LBULY. chPRMY STPUFY Y UVTBIB NEYBMYUSH DTHZ U DTHZPN. oYUEZP OE CHYDS, LTPNE PZOS, NSCH U LMILBNY TYOHMYUSH ABOUT LTBK PLPRB. CHYOFPCHLY CHUEK NEUFOPUFY VSCHMY OBGEMESCH ABOUT OBU.
RPUTUDY LFPZP HZBTB UYMSHOOEKYK FPMUPL RPCHBMYM NEOS ABOUT ENMA. rTYDS CH UEVS, S UPTCHBM U ZPMPCHSCH LBULKH Y L UCHPENKH KHTSBUKH KHCHYDEM CHE NEFBMME DCHE VPSHYYE DSCHTSCH. zhbojeoaalet KHOFET-PZHYGET nPTNBOO, RPDULPUYCHYK LP NOE, HURPLPIM NEOS OBCHETEOYEN, UFP ABOUT ABFSHMLE X NEOS CHYDOEMBUSH FPMSHLP LPBSPPGBTPUBEYEN. rHMS, RHEEOOBS U VPMSHYPZP TBUFFPSOYS, RTPVYMB NPA LBULKH Y ABDEMB YUETER. OBRPMPCHYOKH PZMHYEOOOSCHK, OBULPTP RETECHSBOOSCHK, WITH RPLPCHSCHMSM OBOBD, HDBMSUSH PF GEOFTB UTBCEOIS. lBL FPMSHLP WITH RETEYYUETE UMEDKHAEKHA RPRETEYOH, UBDY LP NOE RPDVECBM UPMDBF Y UDBCHMEOSCHN ZPMPUPN RTPLTYYUBM, UFP OB FPN FPSHET CHEM NEFUF
ьФП YYCHEUFYE UPCHETEOOOP TBDBCHYMP NEOS. with PFLBSCHCHBMUS CHETYFSH, YUFP NPK DTHZ, OBDEMEOOSCHK FBLYNY LBYUEUFCHBNY, I LPFPTSCHN With DPMZYE ZPDSCH DEMYM TBDPUFY, ZPTEUFY J PRBUOPUFY CHPKOSCH, of the ECE OEULPMSHLP NYOHF OBBD RTYPVPDTSCHYYK NEOS YHFLBNY, HYEM TSYOY dv dv-B-OP LBLPZP TSBMLPZP LHUPYULB UCHYOGB. l UPTSBMEOYA, RTBCHDB VSCHMB UMYYLPN SCHOPK.
CHNEUFE U OYN ABOUT LFPN UNETFPOPUOPN LMPYLE PLPRB YUFELMY LTPCHSHA CHUE HOFET-PZHYGETSCH Y FTEFSH NPEK TPFSH. rPZYV J MEKFEOBOF iPRZH, HTSE OENPMPDPK YUEMPCHEL, HYUIFEMSH RP RTPZHEUUY, OENEGLYK YKHMSHNBKUFET CH MKHYUYEN UNSCHUME LFPZP UMPCHB. PVB NPYI ZHEOTYIB Y NOPTSEUFCHP DTHZYI VSCHMY MSWF. oEUNPFTS OB LFP, UEDSHNBS TPFB RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN MEKFEOBOFB iPRREOTBFB, RPUMEDOESP TPFOPZP LPNBODYTB, HDETTSYCHBMB UBCHPECHBOOCHA.
UTBCEOYS NYTPCHPK CHOKOSCH YNEMY Y UCHPY CHEMILYE NZOPCHEOIS. FP OBEF LBTSDSCHK, LFP CHYDEM FYI CHMBUFYFEMEK PLPRB have UHTPCHSCHNY, TEYYFEMSHOSCHNY MYGBNY, PFYUBSOOP ITBVTSCHI, RETEDCHYZBAEYIUS ZYVLYNY HRTHZYNY RTSCHTSLBNY J, Wu J PUFTSCHN LTPCHPTSBDOSCHN CHZMSDPN, ZETPECH, OE YUYUMSEYIUS B URYULBI. plprobs ChPKOB - UBNBS LTPCHBCHBS, DILBS, TSEUFPLBS YY CHUEEI CHUKO, OP YX OEE VSCHMY NKHTSY, DPTSYCHYE DP UCHPEZP YUBUB, - VECHUFOSCHE, OP PFCHBSCHBTSO. UTUDY CHPMOHAEYI NPNEOFFCH CHOKOSCH OY PDYO OE YNEEF FBLPK UYMSCH, LBL CHUFTEYUB LPNBODYTPCH DCHKHI KhDBTOSHI YUBUFEK NETSDKH KHLYNY ZMYOPVYFOBOSCHNY UYMSCH. ъDEUSH OE NPTSEF VSCHFSH OY PFUFHRMEOIS, OY RPEBDSH. lTPCHSH UMSCHYOB CH RTPOIFEMSHOPN LTYLE RTP'TEOIS, LPYNBTPN YUFPTZBAEEZPUS YY ZTKHDY.
aboutB PVTBFOPN RHFY S BDETTSBMUS CHIME LBRIFBOB ZHPO vTYLUEOB; PO U OEULPMSHLYNY MADSHNY STPUFOP UTBTSBMUS U ZTHRRPK ZPMPCH, FPTYUBCHYYI YY-ЪB LTBS UPUEDOEZP RBTBMMMSHOPZP PLPRB. with CHUFBM NETSDKH OYN Y DTHZYN UVTEMLPN, YUFPVSH UMEDIFSH ЪB CHATSCHBNY. h PRSHSOEEOY, LPFPTPE UPRTPCHPTSDBEF VPMECHPK YPL, S OE BDKHNSCHBMUS P FPN, SFP NPS RPCHSLB UCHETLBEF, LBL VEMSCHK FATVBO, Y CHYDOB CPL DBTMEZ.
CHOEBROP MPVPCHPK HDBT UOPCHB UVTPUYM NEOS OB DOP PLPRB, B ZMBB PUMERIMB UVTHSEBSUS RP OYN LTPCHSH. uFPSCHYK TSDPN UP NOPK UPMDBF, ABUFFOBCH, FPCE THIOCHM. rTSNPE RPRBDBOYE CH ZPMPCHH YUETE LBULKH Y CHYUPL. lBRIFBO YURKHZBMUS, UFP RPFETSM CH FPF DEOSH Y ChFPTPZP TPFOPZP LPNBODYTB, OP RTY VMYALPN TBUUNPFTEOY PVOBTKHTSIM FPMSHLP DCHEFE RPUCHUTIPULP; YI RTYYUYOPK VSCHM MYVP TBMEFECHYKUS UOBTSD, MYVP UFBMSHOSHE PULPMLY TBVUIFPK LBULY. ьFPF TBOEOSCHK, CH FEME LPFPTPZP ABUFTSM NEFBMM FPZP TSE UOBTSDB, SFP Y X NEOS, OBCHEUFIM NEOS RPUME CHOCOSCH; ON VSCM TBVPYUIN UYZBTEFOPK ZHBVTYLY Y RPUME TBOEOS UFBM VPMEOOEOOSCHN YUHDBLPCHBFSCHN.
PUMBVMEOSCHK OPCHPK RPFETEK LTPCHY, WITH RTYUPEDYOYOMUS L LBRIFBOH, CHPCHTBEBAENHUS ABOUT UCHPK LPNBODOSCHK RHOLF. vezpn RTEPDPMECH TSEUFPLP PVUFTEMYCHBENHA PLPMYGKH DETCHOY NECHT, NSH PVTEMY HVETSIEE CH MPCE LBOBMB, ZDE NEOS RETECHSBMY Y UDEMBMY HLCHPM UVPMVOFS.
rPUME PEDB S UEM CH ZTH'PCHPK BCHFPNPVYMSH Y RPEIBM CH MELMAB, J FBN, AB KHTSYOPN, RTEDUFBCHIM PFYUEF RPMLPCHOYLKH ZHPO PRREOH. h RPMKHDTENE, OP Y CH RTECHPUIPDOPN OBUFTFEOY CHYOB, S PFLMBOSMUS Y U YUKHCHUFCHPN BUMKHTSEOPPZP PFDSHIB RPUME FSTSEPPUFPUZP DOSHAB RPUME FSTCEPPUFPUZM DOSH
YUETEH DEOSH VBFBMSHPO PRIVATE L MELMA. 4 DELBVTS DYCHYYYPOSCHK LPNBODYT, ZEOETBM-NBKPT ZhPO vKHUUE, RTPYOOEU RETED DEKUFFCHHAEINY VBFBMSHPOBNY TEYUSH, CH LPFPTPPK RPDYUSCHNSHNSHZM UEPBUTPK
with RP RTBCHH REFINERY ZPTDYFSHUS UCHPYNY MADSHNY. LBLYE-FP CHPUENSHDEUSF YUEMPCHEL ABCHPECHBMY VPMSHYPK LHUPL PLPRB, DPVSCHMY HKNKH RHMENEFPCH, NYOPNEFPCH Y TBBOOPZP NBFETYBMBY YBCHPECHBUF. s U HDPCHPMSHUFFCHYEN PVYASCHYM P GEMPN TSDE RPCHSCHYEOYK Y OBZTBD. FBL, MEKFEOBOF iPRREOTBF, LPNBODYT HDBTOSCHI PFTSDPCH, ZHEOTYI oPKRETF, YFHTNPCHBCHYYK VMPLZBH, J PFCHBTSOSCHK BEYFOYL VBTTYLBD lYNREOIBHU RTYLTERYMY UEVE ON ZTHDSH BUMHTSEOOSCHK tsEMEOSchK lTEUF I UFEREOY.
oEUNPFTS ABOUT UCHP RSFPE, FERETSH HTSE DCHPKOPE, TBOEOYE, WITH OE UFBM UTBKH TBSCHULYCHBFSH MBBBTEF, B RTEYKHTPUYM MEYUEOYE L TPTSDEUFCHEOULPNKH PFR. GBTBRYOB ABOUT ABFSHMLE ULPTP ABFSOKHMBUSH, PULPMPL ABOUT MVH CHTPU CH FLBOSH, UPUFBCHYCH LPNRBOYA DCHN DTHZYN, EEE UP CHTENEO TEOSHECHYUHILEHYME UYDECHY CHTEO fPZDB TSE S VSCHM OEPTSIDBOOOP RPTBDPCHBO tshGBTULYN lTEUFPN DPNB zPZEOGPMMETOPCH, RPUMBOOSCHN NOE CHPUMED.
FPF PRTBCHMEOOSCHK PMPFPN NBMECHSCHK LTEUF, J RTPUFTEMEOOBS LBULB UETEVTSOSCHK VPLBM OBDRYUSHA Y "rPVEDYFEMA nEChTB" RPDBTEOOSCHK HOE FTENS TPFOSCHNY LPNBODYTBNY OBYEZP VBFBMSHPOB, C H ITBOA RBNSFSH P DCHPKOPK VYFCHE lBNVTE X, W LPFPTBS CHPKDEF YUFPTYA LBL RETCHBS RPRSCHFLB RTEPDPMEFSH UNETFPOPUOSCHE FSZPFSCH RPYGYPOOPK CHPKOSCH.