1.2 The principle of operation of the traction motor TL-2K 11
1.3 Major malfunctions and their causes 11
Chapter II. Diagnostic methods 15
2.1 Overview and descriptions of diagnostic methods 15
2.2 Methods for cleaning the traction motor 17
Chapter III. Traction motor diagnostics 23
3.2. Analysis of the results and decision-making on the organization of repairs 29
3.3. Safety 31
Conclusion 36
List of used literature 37
Introduction
The traction electric motor "TL-2K" is installed on electric locomotives of the VL series, designed for individual drive of the wheelset. The torque is transmitted to the axle by means of a swivel clutch. DC motors with series excitation, 6-pole with auxiliary poles. The motors are independently ventilated. Traction motors convert electrical energy coming from the contact network into mechanical work, spent on overcoming all forces of resistance to the movement of the train and the force of its inertia during accelerated movement.
The model of a DC traction motor of an electric rolling stock as an object of diagnostics includes an electrical insulating structure, a collector-brush apparatus and a mechanical part. Therefore, traction motor failures are of a different nature and can occur due to:
- breakdown of insulation and turn-to-turn short-circuits of the armature windings;
- breakdown of insulation and turn-to-turn short-circuits of the windings of the main and additional poles;
- breakdown of the insulation of the compensation winding;
- damage to the terminals of the pole coils;
- damage to the output cables, melting of solder from the collector cock;
- destruction of anchor tires;
- damage to the armature bearings;
- damage to fingers, brackets and brush holders;
- all-round fire on the collector.
It should be noted that the same approaches can be used to determine the malfunctions of traction motors of electric locomotives and electric trains.
A significant number of publications in periodicals are devoted to the determination of faults in electrical machines, there are scientific monographs and patents.
In recent years, a methodology for diagnosing incipient defects in rotor units has been actively introduced, incl. and bearings. The use of a diagnostics system focused on detecting incipient defects and predicting the optimal timing of technical maintenance allows to ensure the maximum possible economic effect by reducing labor costs, consumption of spare parts and rolling stock downtime.
Chapter I. Purpose and operation of the tl-2k traction motor
1.1 Purpose of the tl-2k traction motor
The VL10 electric locomotive has eight traction motors of the TL2K type. The TL2K DC traction motor is designed to convert electrical energy received from the contact network into mechanical energy. The torque from the armature shaft of the electric motor is transmitted to the wheelset through a double-sided single-stage cylindrical helical gear. With this transmission, the motor bearings do not receive additional loads in the axial direction. The suspension of the electric motor is support-axial. On the one hand, the electric motor is supported by motor-axial bearings on the axle of the wheelset of the electric locomotive, and on the other, on the bogie frame through the articulated suspension and rubber washers. The ventilation system is independent, with the supply of ventilation air from above to the collector chamber and discharge from above from the opposite side along the engine axis. Electric machines have the property of reversibility, which means that the same machine can operate as a motor and as a generator. Due to this, traction motors are used not only for traction, but also for electric braking of trains. With such braking, the traction motors are transferred to the generator mode, and the electric energy generated by them due to the kinetic or potential energy of the train is quenched in resistors installed on the electric locomotives (rheostat braking) or sent to the contact network (regenerative braking).
All subway cars DC traction motors have basically the same design. The engine consists of a frame, four main and four additional poles, an armature, end shields, a brush apparatus, and a fan.
This is quite a lot of work; it contains 75 pages of text, 15 figures; 4 drawings are attached in the Compass program. Usually, not the entire engine is set, but some of its nodes. If you were asked so, you can shorten this work, or use our works d_3.2 - d_3.5
1 Brief characteristic of the TL-2K1 traction engine
1.1 Purpose of the TL-2K1 traction motor
The TL-2K1 DC traction electric motor (Fig. 1) is designed to convert electrical energy received from the contact network into mechanical energy. The torque of the electric motor armature shaft is transmitted to the wheelset through a double-sided single-stage cylindrical helical gear. With this transmission, the bearings of the electric motor do not receive additional loads in the axial direction.
Figure 1 - General view of the traction motor TL-2K1
Suspension of the electric motor is axial support. On the one hand, it is supported by motor-axial bearings on the axle of the wheelset of the electric locomotive, and on the other, on the bogie frame through the articulated suspension and rubber washers. The traction motor has a high power utilization factor (0.74) at the highest speed of the electric locomotive. Excitation of the electric motor in traction mode is sequential, and in recuperative mode it is independent.
The ventilation system is independent, axial, with the supply of ventilation air from above to the collector chamber and upward discharge from the opposite side along the axis of the electric motor.
1.2 Technical data of the TL-2K1 electric motor
Technical data of the TL-2K1 electric motor are as follows:
- Voltage at the terminals of the electric motor, V ......................................... 1500
- Hour mode
Current, A ............................................... .................................................. ...... 480
Power, kWt............................................... ........................................... 670
Rotation frequency, rpm ............................................ ............................ 790
K. p. D ............................................. .................................................. ...... 0.931 - Continuous mode
Current, A ............................................... .................................................. ..... 410
Power, kWt............................................... .......................................... 575
Rotation frequency, rpm ............................................ ............................. 830
K. p. D ............................................. .................................................. ........ 0.93 - Insulation class for heat resistance:
armature windings ................................................ ..............................................V
pole system ................................................ ...................................... F - The highest speed with medium worn tires,
rpm ............................................... .................................................. .... 1690 - Gear ratio ................................................ ......................... 88/23
- Resistance of windings at a temperature of 20 ° C, Ohm:
main poles ................................................ ..................................... 0,025
additional poles and compensation coils ............................ 0.0356 armature ............. .................................................. ....................................... 0,0317 - The amount of ventilating air, m3 / min, not less .............................. 95
- Weight without gear, kg ............................................. .............................. 5000
1.3 Design of traction motor TL-2K1
The traction motor TL-2K1 consists of a skeleton 3 (Fig. 2), an anchor 6, a brush apparatus 2 and end shields 1, 4. The skeleton is a cylindrical cast of steel grade 25L-P and simultaneously serves as a magnetic circuit. Attached to it are six main and six additional poles, a rotary traverse with six brush holders and shields with roller bearings in which the motor armature rotates.
The end shields are installed in the following sequence: the assembled frame with pole and compensation coils is placed with the side opposite to the collector facing up. An inductive heater is used to heat the neck to a temperature of 100-150 ° C, insert and fix the shield with eight M24 bolts made of 45 steel.Then the frame is turned 180 °, the anchor is lowered, the traverse is installed and, similarly to the above, another shield is inserted and fastened with eight M24 bolts. From the outer surface, the frame has two lugs for attaching axleboxes of motor-axle bearings, a lug and a removable bracket for hanging the electric motor, safety lugs for transportation. On the side of the collector, there are three hatches designed to inspect the brush set and the collector. The hatches are hermetically closed with covers 7, 11, 15 (see Fig. 2).
Figure 2 - Longitudinal (a) and transverse (b) sections of the traction motor TL-2K1
The cover 7 of the upper manifold hatch is fixed on the frame with a special spring lock, the cover 15 of the lower hatch with one M20 bolt and a special bolt with a coil spring, and the cover 11 of the second lower hatch - with four M12 bolts. For supplying air from the side opposite to the collector, through a special casing 5, mounted on the end shield and frame. Outlets from the electric motor are made with a PPSRM-1-4000 cable with a cross-sectional area of 120 mm2. The cables are protected by tarpaulin covers with combined impregnation. The cables have labels made of PVC tubes with the designation I, YaYa, K and KK. Output cables I and YaYa (Fig. 3) are connected to the armature windings, additional poles and with compensation, and the output cables K and KK are connected to the windings of the main poles
A fragment of work with the design in PDF format can be viewed
The set includes a drawing of the TL-2K1 traction engine of the VL-10 electric locomotive in A1 format in the "Compass" program (CDW format), as well as separate drawings of the MOS, traverse, brush holder.
Design. The traction electric motor TL-2K1 consists of a frame, an anchor , brush apparatus and end shields.
Skeleton It is a cylindrical cast of steel grade 25L-P and simultaneously serves as a magnetic circuit. Attached to it are six main and six additional poles, a rotary traverse with six brush holders and shields with roller bearings in which the motor armature rotates.
The end shields are installed in the following sequence: the assembled frame with pole and compensation coils is placed with the side opposite to the collector facing up. An inductive heater is used to heat the neck to a temperature of 100-150 ° C, insert and fix the shield with eight M24 bolts made of 45 steel.Then the frame is turned 180 °, the anchor is lowered, the traverse is installed and, similarly to the above, another shield is inserted and fastened with eight M24 bolts. From the outer surface, the frame has two lugs for attaching axleboxes of motor-axle bearings, a lug and a removable bracket for hanging the electric motor, safety lugs for transportation.
On the side of the collector, there are three hatches designed to inspect the brush set and the collector. The hatches are hermetically closed with lids.
The cover of the upper manifold hatch is fixed on the frame with a special spring lock, the cover of the lower hatch - with one M20 bolt and a special bolt with a coil spring, and the cover of the second lower hatch - with four M12 bolts.
There is a ventilation hatch for air supply. Ventilation air exits from the side opposite to the collector through a special casing 5, mounted on the endshield and frame. Outlets from the electric motor are made with a cable of the PPSRM-1-4000 brand with a cross-sectional area of 120 mm 2. The cables are protected by tarpaulin covers with combined impregnation. The cables have PVC tubing labels with the designation I, TO and QC. Lead Cables I AM and I connected to the armature windings, additional poles and compensation, and the output cables K and KK are connected to the windings of the main poles.
Figure 2. Schemes of connection of the coils of poles from the collector side ( a) and opposite ( b) traction motor
The cores of the main poles are made of coiled electrical steel grade 2212 with a thickness of 0.5 mm, riveted and fixed to the frame with four M24 bolts each. There is one 0.5 mm thick steel spacer between the main pole core and the core. Main pole coil , having 19 turns, wound on an edge made of soft tape copper L MM with dimensions of 1.95X65 mm, curved along the radius to ensure adherence to the inner surface of the skeleton. Hull insulation consists of seven layers of glass-mica tape LSEP-934-TPl 0.13X30 mm (GOST 13184 - 78 *) with polyethylene-reftalag film on varnish grade PE-934 and two layers of technical Mylar tape 0.22 mm thick (TU 17 GSSR 88-79). One layer of lavsan tape, coated with KO-919 varnish (GOST 16508 - 70), is wound in the middle of the shell insulation layers, and the second - as the eighth layer of shell insulation. The tapes are wound with a half-width overlap.
Inter-turn insulation is made of asbestos paper in two layers, each 0.2 mm thick, impregnated with KO-919 varnish (GOST 16508 - 70). The coil and case insulation of the pole coils is baked in devices according to the developed technological process. To improve the performance of the electric motor, a compensation winding is applied , located in the grooves stamped in the lugs of the main poles, and connected in series with the armature winding. The compensation winding consists of six coils, wound from a soft rectangular copper wire PMM measuring 3.28X22 mm, has 10 turns. Each groove has two turns. Hull insulation consists of six layers of glass-mica tape LSEK-5-SPl with a thickness of 0.11 mm (GOST 13184 - 78 *) and one layer of technical lavsan tape 0.22 mm thick (TU 17 GSSR 8-78), laid with an overlap in half the width of the tape. Coiled insulation has one layer of glass mica tape of the same grade, it is laid with an overlap of half the width of the tape. The compensation winding in the grooves is fixed with wedges made of textolite grade B. The insulation of the compensation coils is baked in fixtures. The cores of the additional poles are made of rolled plate or forged and fixed to the core with three M20 bolts. To reduce the saturation of the additional poles, diamagnetic spacers with a thickness of 7 mm are provided between the core and the cores of the additional poles. The coils of additional poles are wound on a rib made of soft copper wire PMM with dimensions of 6X20 mm and each have 10 turns. The body and cover insulation of these coils is similar to that of the main pole coils. Inter-turn insulation consists of 0.5 mm thick asbestos gaskets impregnated with KO-919 varnish.
Figure 3. The skeleton of the TL-2K1 traction motor:
1- Additional pole; 2- compensation winding coil; 3 - body; 4- safety tide; 5- main pole
Brush apparatus The traction motor consists of a split-type traverse with a rotary mechanism, six brackets and six brush holders .
The traverse is steel, the casting of the channel section has a toothed rim on the outer rim, which meshes with the gear wheel of the rotary mechanism. In the frame, the traverse of the brush apparatus is fixed and locked by a retainer bolt installed on the outer wall of the upper manifold hatch, and pressed to the end shield by two bolts of the locking device: one is at the bottom of the frame, the other is from the suspension side. The electrical connection of the traverse brackets to each other is made with PPSRM-150 cables. The brackets of the brush holder are detachable (of two halves), fixed with M20 bolts on two insulating pins installed on the traverse. Steel pins of the fingers are pressed with AG-4V press mass, porcelain insulators are mounted on them.
Figure 4. Brush set of traction electric motor TL-2K1
1 - traverse; 2- gear; 3 - brackets; 4 - brush holders
Figure 5. Locking the traverse of the TL-2K1 traction motor. 1 - locking device; 2 - gear; 3 - retainer bolt
Brush holder has two cylindrical tension springs. The springs are fixed at one end on an axis inserted into the hole of the brush holder body, at the other end on the axis of the pressure pin by means of a screw , which regulate the tension of the spring. The kinematics of the pressure mechanism is chosen so that practically constant pressure on the brush is ensured in the working range. In addition, at the greatest permissible brush wear, pressing the finger on the brush automatically stops. This prevents damage to the working surface of the collector by flexible wires of the worked brushes. Two split brushes of the EG-61A brand with dimensions of 2 (8X50X56) mm with rubber shock absorbers are inserted into the windows of the brush holder. The brush holders are attached to the bracket with a stud and a nut. For more reliable fastening and adjustment of the position of the brush holder relative to the working surface in height when the collector is worn, combs are provided on the brush holder body and bracket.
Figure 6. Brush holder for traction motor TL-2K1:
1-coil spring; 2- hole of the brush holder body; 3- brush; 4-push finger; 5- screws
Anchor the electric motor consists of a collector, a winding embedded in the grooves of the core, assembled in a package of coiled electrical steel grade 2212 with a thickness of 0.5 mm, a steel sleeve , rear and front thrust washers, shaft . The core has one row of axial holes for the passage of ventilation air. The front thrust washer 3 simultaneously serves as a manifold housing. All armature parts are assembled on a common bushing 4 box-shaped, pressed onto the armature shaft, which makes it possible to replace it.
The armature has 75 coils 6 and 25 section equalizing joints . The soldering of the ends of the winding and equalizing connections with the cockerels of the collector plates is made with tin 02 (GOST 860 - 75) on a special installation with high frequency currents.
Each coil has 14 individual conductors arranged in two rows in height and seven conductors per row. They are made of copper wire PETVSD with dimensions of 0.9X7.1 / 1.32X758 mm. Each package of seven conductors is also insulated with a glass-mica tape LSEK-5-TPl 0.09 mm thick with an overlap in half the width of the tape. The body insulation of the slotted part of the coil consists of five layers of glass-mica tape LSEK-5-TPl with dimensions of 0.09X20 mm, one layer of fluoroplastic tape 0.03 mm thick and one layer of glass tape LES 0.1 mm thick, laid with an overlap of half the width of the tape. The collector of an electric motor with a working surface diameter of 660 mm is made up of copper plates, isolated from each other by reinforced collector mica plastic of the KIFEA brand (TU 21-25-17-9-84), the number of plates is 525. The collector body is insulated from the pressure cone and the collector bushing. insulation and an insulating cylinder made of combined materials. The outer layer is molding micanite of the FFG - O, Z grade (GOST 6122 - 75 *), the inner layer is GTP-2PL (TU 16 503.124-78) film-glass cloth with a thickness of 0.2 mm.
The total thickness of the shell insulation is 3.6 mm and that of the insulation cylinder is 2 mm.
The armature winding has the following data: the number of grooves 75, the pitch along the grooves 1 - 13, the number of collector plates 525, the pitch along the collector 1 - 2, the pitch of the equalizers along the collector 1 - 176. The armature bearings of the heavy series electric motor with cylindrical rollers of the 80-42428M type provide run of the anchor in the range of 6.3 - 8.1 mm. The outer rings of the bearings are pressed into the bearing shields, and the inner ones are pressed onto the armature shaft. The bearing chambers are sealed to prevent environmental influences and grease leakage. Axle-motor bearings consist of brass bushings, filled with B16 babbit on the inner surface (GOST 1320 - 74 *), and axle boxes with a constant lubrication level. The axle boxes have a lubrication window. To prevent the bushings from turning, a keyed connection is provided in the axle box.
Figure 7. Anchor of the TL-2K1 traction motor:
1- 
Collector plate; 2- equalizing connection; 3- front thrust washer; 4- steel sleeve; 5-core; 6- coil; 7- rear thrust washer; 8- anchor shaft
Figure 8. Connection diagram of the coils
anchors and levelers with
manifold plates
Figure 9. Traction motor bearing assembly
Axle motor bearings consist of bushings and axle boxes with a constant lubrication level controlled by an indicator . Each axle box is connected to the frame with a special lock and secured with four M36X2 bolts made of 45 steel. To facilitate screwing, the bolts have square nuts resting on special stops on the frame. The boring of the necks for axial motor bearings is carried out simultaneously with the boring of the necks for the bearing shields. Therefore, the axle boxes of the axle-motor bearings are not interchangeable. The axle box is cast from 25L-1 steel. Each bushing of axle-motor bearings consists of two halves, one of which, facing the axle box, has a window for lubricating. The liners have collars that fix their position in the axial direction. The inserts are protected from turning with dowels. In order to protect the motor-axle bearings from dust and moisture, the axle between the axle boxes is covered with a cover. The liners are cast in brass. Their inner surface is filled with babbitt and bored with a diameter of 205.45+ 0.09 mm. After boring, the liners are adjusted along the journals of the axle of the wheelset. To ensure the adjustment of the bushings in the axle-motor bearings, steel gaskets with a thickness of 0.35 mm are installed between the axle boxes and the frame, which are removed as the outer diameter of the bushings is worn. The device used for the lubrication of axle-motor bearings maintains a constant lubrication level in them. There are two communicating chambers in the axle box . The yarn is immersed in the lubricant chamber. A chamber filled with grease does not normally communicate with the atmosphere. As the lubricant is consumed, its level in the chamber decreases. When it falls below the tube opening 6, air enters through this tube into the upper part of the chamber, distilling grease from it through the hole d into the cell . As a result, the lubricant level in the chamber will rise and cover the lower end of the tube. 6. After that, the chamber will again be disconnected from the atmosphere, and the overflow of lubricant from it into the chamber will stop. Thus, as long as there is grease in the spare chamber, the level in the chamber will decrease. For reliable operation of this device, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of the chamber. . The axle box is filled with grease along the pipe through the hole d under pressure using a special hose with a tip.
Axial oil GOST 610-72 * is used as a lubricant: in summer - grade L; in winter - Z.
figure 10. Axial motor bearing with constant lubrication level.
Specifications engine are as follows:
Voltage at the terminals of the electric motor, V ……………… 1500
Hour mode
Current, А …………………………………………………………… ... 480
Power, kW ……………………………………………………… 670
Rotation frequency, rpm ………………………………………… ..790
Efficiency ……………………………………………………………… 0.931
Continuous mode
Current, А ……………………………………………………………… 410
Power, kW …………………………………………………… ..575
Rotation frequency, rpm ………………………………………… ... 830
Efficiency ……………………………………………………………… .0,936
Insulation class for heat resistance ………………………………… F
The highest frequency of rotation at
unworn tires rpm ………………………………… ..1690
Gear ratio ………………………………………… .. …… 88/23
Resistance of windings at a temperature of 20C, Ohm:
main poles …………………………………………… ...… ..0.0254
additional poles of compensation coils ………… 0.033
anchors …………………………………………………………… ..0,036
the amount of ventilating m (cubic) air is not less ... ... ... ... .95
Weight without gear, kg …………………………………. ………. 5000
The traction motor has a high power utilization factor (0.74) at the highest speed of the electric locomotive. Excitation of the electric motor in traction mode - sequential; in recuperative - independent.
Figure 11. Electromechanical characteristics of the traction motor
TL-2K1 at U = 1500V.
The ventilation system is independent, axial, with the supply of ventilation air from above to the collector chamber and upward discharge from the opposite side along the axis of the electric motor.
Figure 12. Aerodynamic characteristics of the TL-2K1 electric motor:
Нп - full pressure; Нst - static head
The design of the traction electric motor TL-2K1
The design of the TL-2K1 traction motor is shown in Figure 1.1.
https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image002_19.jpg "align =" left "width =" 394 "height =" 262 ">
7 - cover; 8 - axle box; 9 - additional pole coil; 10 - additional pole core; 11 - cover; 12 - coil of the main pole; 13 - core of the main pole; 14 - compensation winding; 15 - cover; 16 - removable bracket; 17 - safety tide; 18 - ventilation hatch.
Figure 1.2 - Transverse (b) section of the traction motor TL-2K1
Basic technical data of the TL-2K1 electric motor
The main technical data of the TL-2K1 traction motor are as follows:
Voltage at the motor terminals Uд = 1500 V;
Current at hourly mode Ich = 480 A;
Continuous current Idl = 410 A;
Power at hourly mode Rh = 670 kW;
Power in continuous operation Рдл = 575 kW;
Excitation - serial (traction mode); independent (regenerative braking mode);
Cooling - independent;
Rotation frequency (hourly mode) nh = 790 rpm;
Rotation frequency (continuous mode) ndl = 830 rpm;
Efficiency (hourly mode) hh = 0.931;
Efficiency (continuous mode) hdl = 0.93;
Insulation class: armature winding - B, excitation winding - F;
Gear ratio 88/23;
The mass of the engine without gears is m = 5000 kg.
Skeleton
The skeleton of the TL-2K1 traction motor is shown in Figure 1.3.
1 - additional pole; 2 - compensation winding coil; 3 - body; 4 - safety stop; 5 - main pole.
Figure 1.3 - The skeleton of the traction motor TL-2K1
The skeleton is a cylindrical casting made of steel 25L-II, and simultaneously serves as a magnetic circuit. There are six main and six additional poles attached to it. Also attached to it is a swing beam, bearing shields with roller bearings, in which the engine armature rotates. From the outer surface, the frame has two lugs for attaching axleboxes of motor-axle bearings, a lug and a removable bracket for mounting the engine, safety lugs and lugs with holes for transportation.
On the side of the collector there are three hatches designed to inspect the brush and collector. The cover of the upper collector hatch 7 is fixed on the frame with a special spring lock, the cover of the lower 15 - with one M20 bolt and a special bolt with a coil spring, and the cover of the second lower hatch 11 - with four M12 bolts.
There is a ventilation hatch for air supply. The outlet of the ventilation air is carried out from the side opposite to the collector, through a special casing 5, fixed on the end shield and the frame.
Outlets from the engine are made with a PMU-4000 cable with a cross section of 120 mm2. The cables are protected by tarpaulin covers with combined impregnation. The cables have labels made of PVC tubes with the designations I, YaYa, K and KK. The output cables I and YY are connected to the windings: armature, additional poles and with compensation, and the output cables K and KK are connected to the windings of the main poles.
The cores of the main poles 13 (see Fig. 1.1, b) are assembled from sheet electrical steel with a thickness of 0.5 mm, riveted and fixed to the frame with four M24 bolts each. The coil of the main pole 12, having 19 turns, is wound on an edge made of soft tape MGM copper with dimensions of 1.95X65 mm. Turn-to-turn insulation is made of asbestos paper in two layers 0.2 mm thick and impregnated with K-58 varnish.
To improve the performance of the motor, a compensation winding 14 is used, located in the grooves stamped in the lugs of the main poles, and connected in series with the armature winding. The compensating winding consists of six coils wound from a soft rectangular copper wire MGM with a section of 3.28X22 mm and has 10 turns.
The cores of the additional poles 10 are made of rolled plate or forged and are fixed on the frame with three bolts.
To reduce the saturation of the additional pole, brass spacers with a thickness of 7 mm are provided between the core and the core of the additional poles. Coils of additional poles 9 are wound on an edge made of soft copper wire MGM with a cross section of 6X20 mm and each have 10 turns.
The electrical connection diagram of the pole coils of the TL-2K1 traction motor is shown in Figure 1.4.
DIV_ADBLOCK14 ">
https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image007_8.jpg "align =" left hspace = 12 "width =" 244 "height =" 207 "> The brush holder of the TL-2K1 traction motor is shown in Figure 1.6.
1 - helical spring; 2 - brush holder body; 3 - brush holder bracket; 4 - brush holder.
Figure 1.6 - Brush holder of the traction motor TL-2K1
The brush holder has two cylindrical tension springs. The springs are fixed at one end on an axis inserted into the hole of the brush holder body, with the other on the axis of the pressure pin by means of an adjusting screw, which regulates the spring tension. The kinematics of the pressure mechanism is chosen so that in the working range it provides an almost constant pressure on the brush. Two split brushes of the EG-61 brand with a size of 2 (8X50) X60 mm with rubber shock absorbers are inserted into the windows of the brush holder.
Fastening of the brush holders to the bracket is carried out with a stud and a nut. For more reliable fastening and for adjusting the position of the brush holder relative to the working surface in height when the collector is worn, a comb is provided on the brush holder body.
Anchor
The armature of the TL-2K1 traction motor is shown in Figure 1.7.
1 - collector plate; 2 - equalizing connection; 3 - collector body; 4 - anchor sleeve; 5 - anchor core; 6 - armature coil; 7 - thrust washer; 8 - shaft.
Figure 1.7 - Anchor of the traction motor TL-2K1
The anchor consists of a collector; winding embedded in the slots of the armature core, assembled into a package of electrical steel sheets; steel box bushing; front thrust washer; rear thrust washer.
The anchor consists of 75 coils 6 and 25 section equalizers 2, the ends of which are soldered into the collector cock. Each coil has 14 separate rods located in two rows in height, and seven conductors in a row, they are made of tape copper with a size of 0.9X8.0 mm of the MGM brand and are insulated with one layer with an overlap of half the width of the LPCH-BB mica tape 0.075 thick mm.
Sectional equalizers are made of three wires with a cross-section of 0.90X2.83 mm of PETVSD brand. The insulation of each wire consists of one layer of glass-mica tape LS1K-1Yutg 0.11X20 mm, one layer of electrically insulating fluoroplastic tape 0.03 mm thick and one layer of glass tape 0.11 mm thick. In the groove part, the armature winding is fastened with textolite wedges, and in the frontal part - with a glass band.
The traction motor manifold with a working surface diameter of 660 mm consists of 525 copper plates, isolated from each other by micanite gaskets.
The armature winding has the following data: the number of grooves - 75, the step along the slots - 1 - 13, the number of collector plates - 525, the step along the collector - 1–2, the step of the equalizers along the collector - 1 - 176.
The armature bearings of the heavy series engine with cylindrical rollers of the 8N42428M type provide an armature take-off in the range of 6.3-8.1 mm. The outer rings of the bearings are pressed into the bearing shields, and the inner rings are pressed onto the armature shaft.
The bearing chambers are sealed to prevent environmental influences and grease leakage. The end shields are pressed into the frame and each attached to it with eight M24 bolts with spring washers. Axle motor bearings consist of brass bushings, filled with B16 babbit on the inner surface, and axle boxes with a constant lubrication level. The axle boxes have a lubrication window. To prevent the bushings from turning, a keyed connection is provided in the axle box.
Subject: "Electric Machines"Topic: "TED NB-418K and TL-2K1"
Profession: "Electric locomotive driver"
Yaroslavl subdivision of the Northern UCPK
1 | Teachers of JSC "Russian Railways" Korkina I.V. | 2017 Target
Explore
appointment
and
device
skeleton,
end shields, main and
additional poles, anchors and
brush apparatus TED TL-2K1 and
NB-418K.
2 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Lesson plan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Purpose and device of TED TL-2K and NB-418K.
The skeleton.
Bearing shields.
The main poles.
Additional poles.
Anchor.
Collector.
Brush device.
3 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017
Traction electric motor TL-2K1 is installed on
electric locomotives VL10, VL11, traction motor NB-418K6
installed on VL80S electric locomotives.
Serve for the conversion of electrical energy
traction generator into mechanical, transmitted to
wheelset. Are a six-pole machine
direct current with series excitation and
forced ventilation.
Consists of a frame, two bearing shields, six
main poles, six additional poles, anchors and
brush apparatus.
4 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Purpose and structure of TED TL-2K and NB418K
Technical specifications
Basic data
Units
TL-2K1
measurements
Voltage
Power:
˗ hour
˗ long
Current:
˗ hour
˗ long
Efficiency
Weight
5 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017
V
kWh
NB-418K6
1500
950
670
575
790
740
480
410
93,1
5000
880
820
94,5
4350
A
%
Kg Skeleton
The skeleton serves as a magnetic circuit and a housing for fastening
the rest of the components. Has windows for entry and exit
cooling air, three manifold inspection hatches and
brush apparatus, necks for the installation of bearing
shields, tide and removable bracket for mounting on the frame
carts,
safety
tides,
tides
for
transportation and tides for attaching MOS caps. On
the outer side of the frame is a terminal box.
6 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Skeleton
7 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Skeleton
8 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Skeleton
9 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Skeleton
10 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Skeleton
11 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Bearing shields
End shields are used for the installation of anchor
bearings. Are disks of complex shape with
a central bore for the outer bearing race.
Single row roller bearings. Grease is consistent.
To prevent leakage of grease, the shields are equipped with
labyrinths and covers with gaskets.
12 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Bearing shields
13 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Bearing shields
14 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Major poles
The main poles serve to create magnetic flux
excitement. Consist of cores and coils. Core
made of insulated electrical steel sheets
1312 0.5 mm thick. Thicker ones are installed at the ends
sidewalls and riveted. Inside the core at
assembly at TL-2K1 two, at NB-418K6 steel
dowel bar with threaded bolt holes,
fixing the pole to the frame. On the armature side, the core has
broadening, which is called a pole piece and
serves for better distribution of magnetic flux and
coil mounting.
15 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Major poles
The TL-2K1 has 10 slots in the pole piece,
NB-418K6 6 grooves in which the coils are fastened with wedges
compensation winding made of busbar copper.
The field coil is made of soft
tape LMM 1.95x65 mm copper and is fixed on the core with
using a spring frame.
The body insulation of the windings of the main poles is made of
glass mica tape in eight layers.
16 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Major poles
1 compensation winding,
2- core,
3-rivets,
4-steel bar for attachment to
skeleton,
5-spring frame,
6- gasket made of electrolyte,
7- coils of the main poles (windings
excitation),
17 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Compensation winding
The compensation winding is connected in series
field windings and fit in the following way.
Half the winding on one pole and the other half on
the neighboring pole. As a result, one side of the pole
the tip is magnetized, and the other is demagnetized.
In other words, the magnetic field of the main poles,
destroyed by the reaction of the anchor will be restored, and the increased
the magnetic field will decrease.
The compensation winding consists of six coils of
soft rectangular copper wire PMM and has 10
turns.
18 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Additional poles
Additional poles are used to compensate for magnetic
flow anchors in geometric neutral and create
commuting EMF. Consist of cores and coils.
The coil for TL-2K1 is attached to the core using a steel
lining with screws, and for NB-418K6 using epoxy
compound. The core for TL-2K1 is solid steel, for NB418K6 it is recruited from sheets of electrical steel.
The pole piece is made of non-magnetic squares
(brass or duralumin). Between core and core
a non-magnetic gasket is installed.
The body insulation of the pole windings is made of
glass mica tape, coils together with cores
impregnated in epoxy compound EMT-1 or EMT-2 and
are one-piece monoblocks.
19 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Additional poles
.Additional pole:
1 - rivet; 2 - pole piece; 3 - core; 4 - flange; 5, 6 -
coil; 7 - textolite pad; 8 - spring frame; 9 - non-magnetic
pad.
20 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Additional poles
21 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 DC machine skeleton
22 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Internal TED connection
The windings of the main poles are interconnected
sequentially inside the machine, outputs K - KK are displayed
outward and secured in the terminal box.
Additional coils poles are interconnected
serially and also serially connected with
compensation winding, and through brushes with armature winding
inside the machine, the ends of the I-YA winding are brought out in the box
conclusions.
23 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 DC machine skeleton
24 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 DC machine skeleton
Series connection of the specified windings
allows you to compensate for the causes of switching
which depend on the magnitude of the armature current. With an increase in current
anchors increase the risk of overshoot over the collector or
all-round fire.
This design allows you to connect to them
devices
carrying out
reversal
TED,
electrical braking; and field weakening resistors.
All traction electric motors are performed with forced ventilation, which
increases their power.
25 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Anchor
The armature serves to create EMF and electromagnetic
moment. Consists of shaft, core, thrust washers,
winding and collector. The core is assembled from sheets
electrical steel, pressed onto the shaft on
key, in a compressed state is held by pressing
washers, has channels for the passage of cooling air and
grooves for laying the winding. The winding is fastened in the grooves
wedges,
a
frontal
parts of
wire
or
glass bands.
26 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Anchor
DC machine armature core without winding (a); assembly
anchors (b); steel anchor sheets (s):
1 - armature shaft; 2 - a place for installing the collector; 3, 5 - push
washers (winding-holders); 4 - anchor core; 6 - varnish film;
7 - steel sheet; 8-segment core
27 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Anchor
Armature winding device:
a, b - laying the anchor coils; c - insulation; 1 - anchor coils;
2 - collector; 3 - anchor core;
4.5 - top and bottom sides of the coil;
6,7,9 - cover, case and coil insulation;
8 - copper conductors
28 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Anchor
29 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Anchor
30 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Collector
Both in the generator and in the engine, the collector together with
brushes forms a sliding contact between the armature winding and
external electrical circuit.
The collector is assembled from wedge-shaped copper plates
section,
divided
mycanite
gaskets.
The protruding parts of the plates have grooves for fastening
armature winding conductors. On the shaft side, the plates have
dovetail shape with which the plates
clamped between the manifold sleeve and the pressure cone
through micanite cuffs.
31 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Collector
32 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Collector
33 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Brush apparatus
The brush apparatus is used to connect the armature winding with
external electrical circuit. Consists of a split traverse
pivot type, six brackets and six
brush holders. Steel channel cross-section
has a toothed rim on the outer rim, which is included in
engagement with the gear wheel of the rotary mechanism. Sectional
the brush holder bracket is bolted on two
insulating
fingers,
established
on
traverse.
The brush holder consists of a body with openings for split
brushes brand EG-61, on which the pressure
device.
34 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Brush device
Brush
device
consists
from
traverses,
brackets with insulating pins and brush holders.
Traverse TED - steel, cast, made in the form
cut ring. The traverse has teeth on the outer rim
swivel gears meshing with teeth
mechanism.
The bracket of the brush holder is detachable, consists of
body and lining, which are bolted to the
insulating pins installed on the traverse. From the side
the brush arm has a comb.
35 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Brush device
Insulation pins are studs
molded with plastic, attached to the traverse with crown
nuts.
The brush holders are attached to the bracket through
a stud nut with a spring washer. On surfaces
bracket and brush holder there is a comb which
allows you to select and fix a specific position
brush holder height relative to the working surface
collector and its wear.
The swivel mechanism consists of a pinion with a roller
fixed in the frame of the traction electric motor. The roller is square
turnkey shank.
36 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Brush device
37 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Brush device
38 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Brush device
39 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Anchor complete with a brush device and
end shield
40 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 TED NB-514
The NB-514 electric motor is designed to convert electrical
energy received from the contact network, into mechanical, transmitted from
engine shaft for a wheelset of an electric locomotive 2ES5K (3ES5K) or "Ermak"
power, kWt
835/780
Collector voltage, V
980/980
Armature current, A
905/843
Armature rotation frequency, rpm
905/925
The amount of ventilating air, m3 / min, not less
Efficiency,%
Insulation class for heat resistance of the main coils,
additional poles, compensation winding and armature winding
Engine weight (without gear), kg
41 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017
95
94,1/94,3
F
4280TED NB-514
The traction motor NB-514 is designed for the support-axial
suspension and is a six-pole
electric
car
pulsating
current
with
sequential excitation and independent system
ventilation.
The traction engine NB-514 is made on the basis of the engine
NB-418K
42 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Features of TED NB-514
Engine
NB-514 is more powerful than its predecessor, which
allows to develop an electric locomotive with a capacity of 10,000 kW per hour
mode.
It is more resistant to the emergence of circular lights on
collector, has protection against deformation of the coils of additional
poles by electrodynamic forces of short currents
closures and a number of other improvements.
The NB-514 engine is interchangeable with NB-418K according to the installation
dimensions and electromechanical characteristics.
It uses unified bearing units,
traverses, frame castings, collector, anchor sheets, shaft with
bushings, all threaded connections, gear reducer
transmission.
43 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Features of TED NB-514
The pole system has undergone significant changes
engine skeleton, engine mount bracket changed,
the cross-section of the conductors of the armature winding has been increased.
The frontal part of the anchor has been significantly changed in the NB-514 engine
from the side opposite to the collector. There are heads in it
are made open, which improves the cooling conditions,
increased the service life of the insulation.
To ensure the moisture resistance of the insulation and increase the term
armature and main pole service armature and coil winding
main poles are impregnated in EMT-1 epoxy compound.
The armature windings of the NB-514 engine are connected to the cockerels
collector arc welding in an inert gas environment.
44 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 TED NB-514
45 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 TED NB-514
46 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Homework
1. A.V. Grishchenko "Electric machines and converters
rolling stock ”, pp. 215-220.
2. A.A. Daylidko "Electric traction machines
rolling stock ", pp. 119-141, 143-146.
3. Working with notes.
4. Preparing for a survey based on the material covered.
47 | Russian Railways teachers | 2017 Thank you for the attention
Wish you success!
48
| teachers of Russian Railways | 2017