In ancient times and the Middle Ages, people were often faced with the task of raising water to a height. It was implemented different ways that any homeowner left at land plot on long time without electricity. In the case of a deep water intake and an urgent need for water, the use of ancient methods will bring certain benefits in expanding horizons, improving health and obtaining additional engineering and construction skills.
If you are deciding how to raise water to a height, you cannot do without a pump. Only for lifting you will have to use not electric, but manual homemade devices, for the work of which the application of muscle strength or the energy of the current water flow is required.
Archimedes screw
Invention screw device to supply water to a height for the purpose of filling irrigation canals was made by Archimedes in about 250 BC.
Fig. 1 Principle of operation of the Archimedes screw pumpThe device consists of hollow cylinder, inside which the screw rotates, during operation it descends into the water intake source at an angle. When the propeller blades rotate, they capture water and the propeller lifts it up the pipe, at the top point, the pipe ends and water is poured into a container or irrigation canal.
Ancient times Working wheel slaves or animals rotated, nowadays there may be problems with this and you will have to additionally build a wind wheel to drive the propeller into rotation or strengthen the muscles yourself.
Fig. 2 A variation of the Archimedes wheel - a pump from a tube The device is analogous to modern screw pumps, can have various modifications: the screw rotates together with the cylinder or has the form of a hollow tube wound on a rod.
The Montgolfier hydro-ram method
The mechanic Montgolfier in 1797 invented a device called a hydraulic ram. It uses the kinetic energy of water flowing from top to bottom.
Rice. 3 The principle of operation of the hydraulic shock water pump The principle of operation of the device is based on the fact that with a sharp shutdown of the water flow in a rigid pipe, water is forced through a check valve under pressure into the hydraulic tank located at the top. In its lower part there is a fitting on which the outlet hose for water is put on, which goes to the consumer. The non-return valve does not allow water to flow back out - thus there is a constant cyclical filling of the tank and a continuous rise and flow of water.
The shut-off valve of the device works automatically, so the presence of a person and the organization of his work, except for the installation of equipment, is not required.
Rice. 4 Appearance industrial water hammer pump It should be noted that such devices do not need to be made independently, they are produced industrially in small volumes.
Airlift
The founder of the method is the German mining engineer Karl Loscher, who invented the method in 1797.
Rice. 5 The principle of operation of the air lift pump and its varieties Airlift (airlift) is a type of jet pump, air is used to raise water. The device is a hollow vertical pipe immersed in water, to the bottom of which a hose is connected. When air under pressure is supplied through the hose into the pipe, its bubbles are mixed with water, and the resulting foam, due to its light specific gravity, rises up.
Air can be supplied using a conventional nipple that prevents it from escaping back.
Rice. 6 Automatic feeding water lift using a compressor Such a device for supplying water in the absence of a pump is quite simple to make with your own hands and automate the process if there is a compressor supplying air.
Lifting water with a piston pump
Rice. 7 The principle of operation of a homemade piston pump You can make a device for supplying water to a height using the suction method using a piston. The device is a pipe with a system of check valves, inside the cylindrical surface of which a piston moves. With the return movement, water is sucked into the cylinder body, with the translational movement of the piston check valves close and water is pushed out.
Rice. 8 Piston pump in the organization of manual water supply. Long tube piston pump for lifting water with great depths holding and pumping water is an activity for trained bodybuilders, it is more convenient to adapt it for lifting water from a narrow well, fixing it to an external column with a handle.
For the rapid rise of water from shallow depths from narrow crevices, you can use the simplest industrial device. To do this, take a hand pump for water and put a long plastic tube on its inlet valve. Homemade pump is lowered into the water with the long end of the tube and it swings by repeatedly pressing the pump button.
Rice. nine Hand pump for lifting waterMethods for raising water without an electric pump are ineffective and require serious costs and efforts to manufacture an efficient and convenient device, incomparable not only with the cost of the cheapest electric pump, but also with expensive models. Their use is justified when living in areas with complete absence electricity, which can be attributed to extreme methods of survival.
On your own plot of land, first of all, you need to take care of providing it with water for irrigation, drinking and other needs. For this, it is enough that a well has been built, and from it it will always be possible to extract the required amount of the necessary moisture at any time of the year. But to raise a liquid, as you know, you need a pump that runs on electricity. But what if the site is far from civilization, and there is no electricity on it? In this case, you can do without a pump using other methods. These methods will now be discussed.
Types of wells
Drill wells can be of two types: sand and artesian. The first type has another name - filter well. It is drilled to the nearest aquifer in sandy soil. The depth can be up to 30 meters, and the width casing maybe about 13 cm. The peculiarity of the structure of such a source is that a mesh filter is made on the walls of the pipe. To extract water from it, a deep or surface unit is required. She can serve for about 15 years. But the service life primarily depends on the depth of the aquifer and how intensively it is used.
The second type is an artesian well. Water is extracted in it from great depths, it can reach 200 meters. It has increased productivity and high quality water. She serves much longer than the first type - more than 50 years. Accordingly, more than powerful apparatus to raise moisture to the surface. To drill such a hole, a permit is required. local authorities self-government.
Is it possible to extract water from these wells without using an electric pump? Yes, it is quite possible, and from both types of mines. But it is important to take into account several nuances. Much depends on handheld devices that will be applied in this case. They usually do not provide sufficient pressure at depths greater than 30 meters. Therefore, such a system is relevant mainly for a sand well. But first, let's figure out how it is possible to raise liquid from such a structure without a pump, and what is needed for this.
Extraction of water by air pressure
This unusual way perfect for extracting water from a mine without a pump. That is, any hand held peristaltic pump that works without electricity can be used. It is quite simple to make such a system. First you need to completely seal the top of the well. 2 holes are made in it: a hose from the pump is inserted into one, and a pipe for supplying water into the second. When working with such a device, pressure is created in the mine, which pushes the liquid out.
If the air pressure entering the mine is powerful, then it is quite possible to do without an electric pump. But at the same time, it should be taken into account that such pressure will push the water not only up, but also down into the aquifer. The consequences of this will be described below. This method can be used in conjunction with standard approaches. It is especially relevant if the pressure in the pit is not strong enough, even for an electric pump.
Hydro-ram water extraction
This is another one non-standard way water production without a pump: in this case, a hydraulic ram is used - a device designed for mechanical lifting of liquid from any well, even an artesian one.
Such a device works on the energy obtained from the flow of water. By raising the water to a great height and lowering it down, the liquid is pushed up. Such a structure consists of the following components:
bump valve;
return valve;
feed pipe;
outlet pipe;
air cap.
By opening and closing the valves in a certain sequence, the fluid is circulated. It accelerates along the supply pipe and a water hammer is created, displacing the liquid outward into the outlet pipe. Such a device is difficult to make on your own, but it is easy to get it. And this will be the most correct solution for areas where there is no electricity.
Important points
When producing water by increasing the pressure inside the mine, it is necessary to take into account several important factors... First, it takes into account geological structure the area where the well is located.
Also important are the debit of the mine for the extraction of liquid from the ground and the productivity of the aquifer.
And, of course, the depth of the aquifer is taken into account.
If all this is not taken into account, then because of overpressure the well may fail. Simply put, the liquid from the aquifer will stop flowing into the mine. This is due to the fact that the air formed inside will push almost all the water down, pushing it into the ground. Therefore, the air supply must be optimal. It should only be enough to push the water out and not create excessive pressure.
Stable watering is the key to obtaining bountiful harvest with garden beds... If on rainy days the weather takes care of the plants, then in the hot months it is already up to the gardeners to solve it, using buckets and watering cans for this. Application helps to facilitate work pumping equipment.
The market offers various pumps for watering the garden and it is difficult to find a suitable model, isn't it? We will help you navigate the range of equipment, tell you about the features of different modifications and give step by step algorithm selection based on the analysis of the characteristics of the units.
In addition, we will designate trademarks and brands whose products are in demand and trust among summer residents.
Choice and purchase suitable model garden pump for irrigation largely depends on what kind of water is supposed to be pumped and where it is planned to take it.
Plants cannot develop normally without a sufficient amount of life-giving moisture. But for watering green spaces, only well-settled warm water is suitable.
Rainwater is the most affordable option life-giving moisture, which has a neutral acid-base balance and contains a minimum of chemical impurities hazardous to plants
The zealous owners collect rainwater into barrels and large containers placed on the site under the gutters. If necessary, it remains only to get it by scooping it up with a bucket or pumping it out of the barrel with a pump for irrigation.
Quite often, if it is present on the site, then water for irrigation is taken from them. But " cold shower»Is capable of causing irreparable damage to the delicate roots of plants: they can start to rot.
For this reason, the water pumped out of the hydraulic structure is first poured into containers, allowing it to warm up under the sun's rays, and only then is it used for irrigation.
The third, and perhaps the most good option a source from which it is convenient to take water for irrigation - a nearby natural reservoir or constructed on their own artificial pond.
Using water from a home pond for watering plants, you solve two problems at once: give life-giving moisture to green "pets" and perform preventive cleaning of the water structure
In all of the above sources of water, the degree of water pollution is very different. Therefore, for each of them, separate types of pumping equipment have been developed.
Types of pumps for pumping water
For irrigation garden crops two types of pumps are used. Depending on the method of water intake and the location of the unit body relative to the source, they are surface and submersible.
Option # 1 - barrel for pumping out tanks
Such devices are designed specifically for pumping water from small tanks, the depth of which does not exceed 1.2 m.
Among the pumping equipment on the market, such units are considered the easiest to use and maintain.
The main advantage of pumps for irrigation from a barrel is compactness and mobility. The weight of the unit is on average 3-4 kg.
Taking it by the handle, it is convenient to carry it around the site and alternately install it on the containers placed under the drainage basins. In addition, drum pumps are renowned for their low noise level.
To pump out the irrigation liquid, barrel pump with the help of a bracket, they are simply fixed on the edge of the container and connected to the electrical network
The use of barrel units is also convenient because the water used for irrigation can be pre-diluted with fertilizers for feeding cultivated plants.
Most models are equipped with a pressure regulator. With its help, it is convenient to set the pressure necessary for work. The tank pumps have built-in filters to retain coarse particles.
But as noted by the owners who have already tried household models of this type, built-in filters do not always cope with the task at hand. As a result, even expensive systems quickly clog up and fail.
The easiest way to solve this problem is by arranging an additional homemade filter in the form of a cut from gauze or net tulle folded in 2-3 layers.
The pump is simply placed on a canvas suspended in a hammock so that the mesh between the suction device and the water does not allow debris to seep through.
You can prevent rust and sludge from entering the system by placing the pump inside the tank so that it does not reach the bottom of the tank by 5 cm.
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Option # 2 - surface for shallow water
They are placed in the immediate vicinity of the source, and water is taken by immersing a suction hose into the structure.
Outdoor devices are capable of pumping water from a depth of 8 m and delivering a stream to a level of about 30-50 m. Thanks to this pressure, several rows of beds can be irrigated from one point at once.
To start the pump for irrigation from the reservoir, you just need to install the device body on flat surface, connect the suction hose and the outlet pipe to it, and then connect to the power supply
The outlet for most surface-mounted models is metal pipe... A rubber hose is not suitable for this purpose, because at the time of pumping a liquid, rarefied air is created inside it.
As a result: the elastic walls begin to contract, preventing the water flow from moving normally towards the exit.
The only drawback of pumps for irrigation from shallow water bodies is vibration and noise generation during operation.
You can get rid of the loud "growl" by placing the unit in an outbuilding, or by placing the unit body on a rubberized mat or stand.
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Option # 3 - submersible for polluted ponds
Submersible pumps are rarely used for garden purposes. The working part of this type of device is immersed directly into the source, deepening below the water level. The pumped-out liquid under pressure is discharged to the surface through rubber pipes.
Submersible units, unlike outdoor models, are able to travel long distances to garden beds practically without losing pressure, which is especially valuable when the source is located remotely
Depending on the model type submersible pumps capable of pumping water from a depth of up to 80 m. This parameter is relevant when used as a source of water intake for irrigation of a drilled well.
Such units are ways to "process" weakly and heavily contaminated water, which contains different kinds impurities with a diameter of 5-10 mm.
The grinder located just above the suction device during pumping will crush leaves, silt and other debris into the smallest particles that have got into the device along with water.
Thanks to this, irrigation water will be additionally enriched organic fertilizers, which will only have a positive effect on the yield of cultivated crops.
A significant drawback of drainage units used as pumps for irrigation from a pond is the weak pressure in the system. So you can water the garden with their help only by gravity.
If you plan to use a nozzle or a divider, then the water may not flow at all. You can get out of this situation by performing the work in stages.
First, with the help of a drain, fluid is pumped into the storage tank. And then, after it has settled and the heavy suspensions have settled, the garden is watered using a surface and submersible garden pump.
Option # 4 - automatic for drip irrigation
Automatic pumps equipped with timers are especially popular. They greatly facilitate the task of owners who do not have the opportunity to waste precious time and excess moisture for many hours of watering.
Pumps for drip irrigation equipped with pressure switches and accumulators. Control in such systems can be either manual or automatic.
The owner's task is to set the minimum pressure level at which water will flow out of the outlet in a thin stream
Although such equipment is not cheap, the costs pay off over time, allowing more rational use of hundreds of cubic meters of moisture supplied during the season. And the owner frees up a lot of time that would have previously been spent on watering.
Aggregate selection criteria
When choosing pumping equipment, you need to determine for yourself the following factors:
- Distance from the source of the water intake to the garden beds.
- Height difference from the place of installation of pumping equipment to extreme point vegetable garden.
- Plot size, set aside for crops that need frequent watering.
- Irrigation type(root, drip, sprinkling).
- Frequency of use pumping equipment.
For drip irrigation, it is enough to install low-power equipment. When planning to irrigate crops using sprinkler irrigation, it is worth giving preference to systems that can easily withstand high pressure.
When purchasing a model, you should pay attention to what volume of the tank it is designed for and how much water it can pump in one hour.
The most reliable are units with two-stage mechanisms. Such powerful units are chosen by the owners of large plots, in which a large area is allocated for garden beds, a flower garden and a garden in need of watering.
No. 1 - calculating the performance of the device
To calculate the required performance of the purchased pumping equipment, average indicators are usually taken.
Depending on the climatic conditions and the condition of the soil in accordance with the current SNiP for watering beds with an area of 1 sq. m requires from 3 to 6 liters per day.
Therefore, for a garden with an area of 200 sq. m the daily rate will be: 200x6 = 1200 liters.
To meet the needs in this case, you will have to purchase a unit with a capacity of 1.5-2 cubic liters per hour.
The maximum capacity of the drum units is 4000 l / h. Choosing among low-power devices designed to pump liquid from storage tanks, it is worth taking a closer look at the models with a capacity of 2000 l / h.
The price for such devices starts at 2.5 thousand rubles.
When arranging drip irrigation, the most reliable type pump - centrifugal. After all, only he is capable of pumping large portions of water under high pressure throughout the whole day.
When choosing among drainage models, keep in mind that such units have a capacity of 83 to 250 l / min with a water supply of 5 m to 12 m.
When using water for irrigation, the diameter of impurities of which is 15-55 mm, it is worth choosing units with a capacity of 37 to 450 l / min. They are able to provide delivery to a height of 5-22 m.
The pump head means the mechanical operation of the unit, as a result of which the pressure of the liquid rises and it is pumped over. In this case, part of the drive energy during pumping is converted into kinetic energy of the liquid.
The head created by the device and the flow rate of the pumped liquid directly depend on each other, in graphical form this dependence is displayed as a pump characteristic
The higher the value of the generated head, the more distance can be maintained between the pump and the water intake. When calculating power, keep in mind that the vertical to horizontal length ratio is 1: 4.
At the same time, if it comes about watering, then too strong a pressure is more of a hassle than a benefit. After all, the exiled pressure can not only damage the dividers, tearing them off the hose, but also harm the green spaces.
No. 3 - the presence of an automation system
Automation significantly increases the cost of pumping equipment. But it plays a significant role, preventing overheating of the "heart" of the unit - the motor.
A float switch protects the appliance motor when the water level reaches a predetermined minimum. This prevents the unit from running dry, thereby minimizing the risk of breakdowns.
By choosing an equipped unit, during operation, you will not need to control how empty the barrel is.
You only need to flush the float switch once a season with water to prevent the box body from sticking to the outlet.
No. 4 - location of the suction valve
The suction valve can be located above the engine compartment in the upper part of the device, or on the bottom of the housing.
The presence of a filter on the suction valve of the device will allow trapping debris that gets along with the water, thereby prolonging the life of the unit
More practical are models with a water intake located in the upper part of the case. Such constructive solution reduces the likelihood of siltation and penetration of bottom sediment and sand particles into the chamber.
When using for irrigation submersible units, the suction valves of which are located in the bottom of the housing, use the special supplies.
By placing the pump on a stand, you can partially protect working chamber from the ingress of fibrous inclusions, turbid sand suspension and coarse debris.
Pumps are usually supplied with adapters that allow the connection of flexible hoses and rigid pipes with a diameter of 1ʺ and 1 1/4 ʺ. In budget models, most likely watering hose and the spray nozzle will have to be purchased additionally.
Overview of pumping equipment manufacturers
High demand for pumping equipment for household use stimulates producers. Today, foreign and domestic manufacturers offer wide range of equipment in different price categories.
Imported world brands
Among foreign manufacturers that have proven themselves in the pumping equipment market, it is worth highlighting:
- "HAMMER". The German leader in the production of first-class pumping equipment. Wide the lineup, unique technical solutions and the highest reliability - all this is united by the products manufactured under this trademark.
- "PATRIOT". One of the oldest American trade marks... The quality of the products manufactured by this company has been tested for generations. The domestic buyer under this brand is better known for reliable and easy-to-use chainsaws. But the pumping equipment is in no way inferior to them.
- "Calpeda". Recognized champion in the world market. Italian company renowned for its good technical tradition. All equipment is manufactured using high-precision technology.
- "QUATTRO ELEMENTI". Another well-known Italian brand representing high quality equipment. The company, founded by like-minded engineers, focuses on the reliability and maintainability of its products.
Barrel models for watering the garden of these brands can be purchased at a price of 5.5 thousand rubles. More powerful surface and submersible units will cost 6 thousand and more. And the average power is within 9 thousand rubles.
Choosing products of well-known brands, even in the event of a breakdown, it will be much easier to find spare parts for them, and the masters accept them for repairs more willingly.
Among the companies that are still only building up their potential, but have already earned a positive reputation among a wide range of consumers, it is also worth highlighting “ Makita" and " Gardena».
Domestic brands
Popular brands of pumping equipment of a domestic manufacturer:
- "Vortex". Leading Russian manufacturer... The main advantage of the manufactured products is ease of use, quiet operation and minimal hydraulic losses during pumping.
- "Gilex". The Russian company produces reliable pumps that can be used both for pumping clean and slightly contaminated water for irrigation.
- "Gardener". Products manufactured under this brand successfully combine affordable price with decent quality. Compact centrifugal units handle contaminated water with ease.
The price for centrifugal submersible pumps of these brands starts at 4 thousand rubles. Drainage units of average power cost from 5 thousand and more.
Low-cost models of domestic production and are also widely popular. The price of products ranges from 1.5-2 thousand rubles.
But it is worth noting that they are very sensitive to voltage fluctuations in the mains. To work in our conditions, it is better to choose centrifugal models, for which such a sin is not noticed.
.If the device is designed to pump pure water, then you should not lower it into the rain tank. Fallen leaves and sand will quickly clog filters and disable the device. And the manufacturer will not be to blame for this, but only the careless owner.
Do you have experience in using pumping equipment for watering garden beds? Please share information with our readers, tell us which pump you are using. You can leave comments in the form below.