Surface pumps They are characterized by small size, easy maintenance, relatively low cost and economical power consumption. Installing a surface pump on your own is much easier than installing a deep one. However, success is guaranteed only if the manufacturer's instructions and the recommendations of experts are strictly followed.
On sale there are two types of surface electric pumps: vortex and centrifugal.
- Whirlpools provide an uninterrupted supply of water with increasing pressure, they are used for watering gardens and quickly pumping out the contents of wells and barrels. Vortex-type devices are sensitive to debris - they should not be used in polluted water bodies.
- Centrifugal pumps are highly efficient and suitable for permanent plumbing. Self-priming models are not afraid of air congestion and the formation of air bubbles in the system.
Electrical appliances for pumping water can also be divided into stationary and portable. Stationary models are installed in water supply systems, while mobile ones are used for watering and draining flooded cellars and basements.
Connecting a surface pump to a well or well
Important! Installation of a surface pump is possible only in wells and wells with a depth of no more than 8-9 meters. Deeper shafts require a submersible tool.
The easiest way is to connect mobile equipment to a country well, which is used exclusively for irrigation. It is more difficult to connect a stationary pumping station to the system autonomous water supply. This will be discussed further.
In addition to the electric pump, to connect it to plumbing system at home you must have:
- inlet and outlet pipes or rigid hoses with a cross section of 32 or 25 mm, the length of the pipe is calculated so that the lower end is immersed in water by at least 30 cm, while the total length should not exceed the size indicated in the passport for the device;
- connecting fittings;
- storage tank with a volume of 30-60 liters;
- flexible hoses for connecting the tank to the pump;
- five-pin adapter for the second output;
- pressure switch;
- manometer.
In order to reduce the number of starts, a self-priming surface pump is recommended to be connected to the storage tank and the system. automatic control inclusion. The storage tank also acts as a hydraulic accumulator that regulates the pressure in the pressure system and protects it from water hammer.
Many manufacturers produce ready-made pumping stations, which include everything necessary equipment. If a separate device was purchased, the missing components will have to be purchased separately.
Surface pumps are always mounted on land - in no case should water enter the device case. Ideally, the electric pump should be mounted as close as possible to the well or well. The room should be dry, relatively warm (with a positive temperature) and well ventilated. Installation possible pumping station in the basement, but in this case you have to put up with constant noise.
To place the device near the well, small buildings are built or the equipment is placed in underground caissons - concrete, plastic or metal insulated structures with ventilation, equipped around casing pipe wells. Caissons are built below the freezing level of the soil. In this case, water pipes to the house are laid in a trench, also dug in non-freezing layers of soil.
Instructions for connecting to autonomous water supply
This step by step description how to properly install a surface pump in an autonomous water supply system, relevant for all types pumping equipment. Failure to do so may result in damage and accidents.
- Before connecting the surface pump to the water supply system, it is fixed on a fixed base with bolts. To neutralize vibrations, it is recommended to use as a gasket rubber mat or special nozzles on the legs.
- A hose is connected to the outlet, to the other side of which a check valve and a coarse filter are attached, sealing the connections with a special tape or flax.
- Outgoing pipes leading to the water supply are connected to the second outlet, located in the upper part of the housing.
- The non-return valve is immersed in water, providing a slight slope in the pipe or hose line from the valve to the pump.
- At the next stage, the system is filled with water through the outlet holes or filler plug. It is important to bleed all the air out of the system!
- Next, connect the pressure part with wiring around the house. At this stage, the filler hole is closed and the pressure in the accumulator (tank) is checked. If the pressure does not correspond to that specified in the instructions, it should be increased (topped up with a pump) or lowered (lowered).
- Having clearly completed all the steps, the electrical equipment is plugged into the outlet and started. The switched on pump must start working and fill the system and the accumulator with water.
- Turning off the engine indicates that the pressure in the system has reached a maximum (from 1.5 to 3 atmospheres).
- Now you can open the tap and make sure that the installation is working.
- If, when the valve is open, the pressure does not correspond to the parameters prescribed in the instructions, it is necessary to adjust the operation of the relay.
Installation features for other water supply systems
Even after reading the recommendations on how to properly install a surface self-priming pump in a well or well, it may be difficult to connect equipment to other sources. These tips will come in handy for those who are going to automate the supply of water from a column or storage barrel.
It is not too late to think about how to connect a surface pump to a column, even after installing a manual pump. It is recommended not to dismantle manual control, and supplement it with automation.
For both devices to work, you need to cut under the column check valve, install a tee with a check valve and connect the electric pump through a rigid pipe. It is better to replace the check valve on the column or install another one on the tee to prevent air from being sucked from the side of the column. Between hand pump and a ball valve is inserted with a branch pipe.
The principle of operation of the combined column is simple: first, the column is raised higher with a hand pump ball valve, then it is blocked and the electric pump is started. It is important that there is always water in the “glass” of the column; if necessary, it must be added.
Irrigation barrels help out in summer cottages and suburban areas, and the use of a pump greatly simplifies the hard work of a gardener. The electric pump not only automatically supplies water, but also creates the necessary pressure. It is not difficult to find inexpensive simplified equipment for barrels and advanced automatic garden models working with micro-drip irrigation systems.
Before connecting the surface pump to the barrel, it is necessary to attach hoses for water intake and irrigation to the device. Rubber hoses are not suitable for this purpose - they will simply shrink from the pressure of the water and will not be able to perform their task. The device is installed on the ground, as close as possible to the tank. Only hoses are lowered into the water - the body of the device must remain out of reach of splashes. After completion, the pump is stored in a dry place.
Especially for summer residents, they came up with compact barrel models - they are installed on the edge of a container of water. These convenient devices are equipped with filters and pressure regulators. There are almost always hoses in the kit.
Detailed video instruction for installing a surface pump
Understanding the operation of irrigation devices is not difficult, but to self-assembly a surface pump for water supply at home can only be started after carefully studying the manufacturer's instructions. If it contains a lot of incomprehensible information, it’s not worth the risk, it’s better to entrust this complex process to professionals.
Surface pumps for wells allow pumping water from a small depth, which is important for owners country houses and suburban areas.
We will talk about the features and main characteristics of these devices, and demonstrate how a surface pump is installed in a well.
Surface pump
Purpose and Device
Surface pumps work on the principle of water suction by creating a vacuum at the end of the suction hose, lowered by the other end into the water. So, there is a difference in pressure at different ends of the hose, and with full vacuum at the suction, it will be the value of atmospheric pressure, in other words, about 760 mm of mercury.
If we replace the mercury column with a water column, then the height for the column will be 10.3 meters, which means that with a full vacuum on the suction side, the water can rise no more than 10.3 meters.
Taking into account the losses due to friction of water against the walls of the pipe and incomplete vacuum in the system, the large height of the water rise in order for the pump to be no more than 9 meters, and suddenly take into account the horizontal part of the suction pipe, it turns out that the real working height will be 7 - 8 meters.
Note! When calculating the parameters, take into account the distance from the well of the surface pump. The following formula would be appropriate here: Y = 4(8-X), where Y is the length of the horizontal part of the pipe, X is the suction height. In other words, four meters of the horizontal part is equivalent to one meter of elevation.
Note! From the above calculation, it is possible to conclude that the surface pump is recommended for lifting water to a height of up to 8 meters. This allows the use of this device for water intake from open reservoirs, surface wells and sand wells.
By design, external pumps are divided into three main types:
- Vortex. The most compact and inexpensive devices capable of creating high pressure in the system, but they have a low efficiency - no more than 45%. They are mainly used for pumping and watering water from flooded premises, but low efficiency and low reliability do not allow this type of equipment to be recommended as a permanent unit for an autonomous water supply system;
- Centrifugal. More expensive and high-quality devices that create, although less than vortex ones, but fully sufficient pressure to ensure the operation of the water supply system. They have a high efficiency factor - up to 92% - with sufficient reliability for continuous use, which allows the use this species equipment in the operation of pumping stations for water supply;
- Ejector. They have two water circulation circuits: in the first circuit, the liquid is supplied to the ejector nozzle, where, due to the Bernoulli result, a pressure difference is created and from environment- the second circuit - water is sucked in. This solution allows you to lower the ejector to a depth and solve the issue of suction lift limitation, but this moment for these purposes, more efficient submersible units are used, the price / quality ratio of which is higher.
As you can see, centrifugal pump designs were the most practical, so we will dwell on them in more detail.
The centrifugal unit is arranged quite easily:
- Two disks are rigidly fixed on the gearbox drive shaft, in the center of one of which there is a hole;
- The hole communicates with the interdisk space, where inclined plates are soldered, creating channels from the center of the space to its edges, which are connected to the collector tank (diffuser) that communicates with the supply hose;
- A suction hose is connected to the hole in the center of the disc;
- If you fill the suction hose and the inter-disc space with liquid and set the gearbox drive in motion, then the blades inclined in the opposite direction to rotation will begin to push water from the center to the edges of the space between the disks due to centrifugal force;
- As a result, a rarefaction will be created near the center of the wheel and the suction hole, and not far from the edges and the diffuser connected to the discharge hose - the area high blood pressure;
- Under these conditions, the system will tend to equilibrium, and water will be pushed out by pressure from storage capacity at the edge of the wheel into the discharge hose, along with this, a vacuum will appear in the center of the wheel, and liquid from the suction hose will rush in that direction under the action of atmospheric pressure.
As a result, a constant circulation is created and water is pumped from one point to another, which was what was required to be achieved. But to work in the autonomous water supply system of the house from the well, the surface unit is not used independently, but the so-called pumping station is assembled, which is discussed in more detail in the next paragraph.
Pumping station
For normal work surface pump as part of the water supply system of a residential building, it is connected to a storage tank and an automatic switching control system. This is necessary to reduce the number of unit starts per unit of time.
The fact is that when the power is turned on, peak values \u200b\u200bof the magnitude of the current strength appear on the motor winding, which are called starting currents. These currents cause a destructive effect on the device, therefore, from the standpoint of the working life of the electric motor, it is much better for it to work with the smallest number of start-up cycles.
Otherwise, Full time job the pump is not needed and economically unprofitable, since it consumes a large amount of energy and devastates the well. Of course, it is necessary to create a certain supply of pressure and water in the system, which will cover the constant switching on and off of plumbing fixtures and taps, and only when this pressure drops below certain values, the pump will turn on and restore the supply.
Accordingly, upon reaching a certain peak value of pressure in storage tank the pump will automatically turn off.
So we approached the device of the pumping station, and its main parts are:
Note! With a sufficient volume of the storage receiver, the system will rarely turn on the pump, which will significantly extend its operation life, and extend the life of the motor starters and terminal blocks. In addition, peak pressure values \u200b\u200band characteristic water hammers will not appear in the water supply system, which will secure pipe connections and valves.
Connecting a pumping station to a well
If you are going to connect a surface pump to the well with your own hands, our step-by-step instructions will help you:
- The pumping station (or separately the pump) is installed on a solid fixed base and the legs are fixed with bolts or anchors. Under the installation, it is advised to lay a rubber mat to reduce the vibration activity of the device;
- The outlet (supply) of the pump is connected to the inch outlet of the five-outlet fitting with a hose or directly;
- The accumulator tank is also connected to the inch outlet of the fitting by means of a soft hose or directly;
- The remaining inch hole of the fitting is connected to the pipe of the internal water supply of the house;
- To the hole? inches, a pressure gauge is screwed on the fitting;
- The pressure switch is connected to the remaining unoccupied last hole of the fitting;
- The suction port of the pump is connected to the intake pipe;
- The end of the intake pipe is supplied with a filter and a non-return valve for rough water purification and lowered into the well (the distance to the bottom is at least a meter);
- The pump power cord is connected to the normally open terminals of the pressure switch, and the relay itself is connected to a 220 V power outlet;
- The working space of the pump is filled with water through a special hole in the housing and the start of the device is created;
- The taps in the house are closed and waiting for the tank to be filled. At the time when the tank was filled and the pump turned off, the cut-off pressure is measured on the pressure gauge;
- After that, the taps are unlocked and the water is drained until the pump turns on again. The switch-on pressure is detected;
- Finally, the obtained pressure values \u200b\u200bare compared with the passport data of the receiver and, if necessary, adjust the pressure switch.
Note! All joints of the fitting with pipes should be provided with couplings with union nuts, and between the tank and the fitting, as well as between water pipe and the fitting is directed to embed ball valves.
Conclusion
Surface pumps are widely used in autonomous water supply systems for supplying water from wells and not deep wells. Through our management, you will be able to independently connect and set up a water delivery system from a well or other source. It is possible to study the issue in more depth through the video in this article.
The basic principle of operation of surface pumps for water supply is that such units do not fall into the water. Only the water intake suction hose comes into contact with water. Such units are used for the following purposes: ensuring the operation of autonomous water supply systems in summer cottages and country houses; garden watering.
Among all types of pumping products, surface water pumps stand out for their simplicity in design and operation. Due to its small dimensions, it can be easily moved and installed in the right place, for example, surface pumps for giving 220 volts will be very convenient.
1 General characteristics
Surface water pumps are used for irrigation, filling tanks with water, water supply of country houses.
If you have a question of choice: a submersible or surface pump, remember that the main selection criterion should be the depth of the water. The maximum depth from which the surface suction pump 220 V is capable of sucking liquid is 8 meters. Therefore, it is not suitable for deep wells. But it can be perfectly used for transporting water from reservoirs (ponds, rivers, lakes) and shallow wells. It is also suitable for pumping water from basements.
If such a unit was used to pump contaminated liquid, it should be flushed immediately after completion of work. It is important to remember that such a pump is not designed to work with chemically aggressive liquids and liquids with an admixture of solid particles. To prevent solid impurities from entering the device, a water filter must be installed at the inlet. In order to clean or replace the filter, it is not necessary to open the casing of the unit.
As for the materials from which the body of such devices is made, they can be as follows: cast iron, stainless steel, plastic.
Pumps with a cast-iron casing have high reliability and are silent in operation. Characterized by low cost. But with prolonged downtime, the first portions of water can be given out with rust.
Devices from of stainless steel very reliable. They keep the water clean, but at the same time they work more noisily than cast iron ones and are more expensive.
The plastic case of the pump allows to pump liquid with a temperature not higher than 50C. They do not rust, operate silently, are light in weight, low price. However, they are more susceptible to mechanical damage.
1.1 Types of surface models
According to the principle of suction, such units are divided into two types:
- Normally suction.
- Self-priming.
For the operation of the first, it is necessary to fill the 220 V electric pump and the pipeline with water. Can be used hand pump. At the entrance to such a unit, a check valve is installed that does not allow water to go back into the well (river). Sometimes this valve prevents the pump housing from filling with water. In this case, you need to unscrew the plug, the surface of which is located in the upper part of the device.
When operating a self-priming device, only the pump housing must be filled with water. The pipeline does not need to be filled. This type of apparatus has an ejector system in which a zone is formed reduced pressure. Thanks to this, we have a greater suction effect.
According to the method of action, the following types of surface pumps are distinguished:
- Vortex.
- Centrifugal.
Vortex pumps are characterized by small dimensions, which does not require much space for their installation. The principle of operation is simple: the engine transmits rotation to the shaft, which, in turn, causes the wheel with blades to rotate. The rotational energy of the motor is transferred to the pumped liquid, and due to the compression of the water in the pump, its outlet pressure increases. At a similar speed of the impeller, the first vortex pump creates a pressure 3-7 times higher than the centrifugal one.
The vortex-type units are self-priming, which facilitates operation, since it is not necessary to fill the supply pipe with water before starting work.
Among the shortcomings - low efficiency - no more than 45%. In addition, such units are not suitable for pumping water from big amount impurities: this will lead to rapid wear of the wheels and blades. Centrifugal pumps are similar in principle to vortex pumps, only the circulation of the liquid occurs due to centrifugal force, and not due to the movement of the blades.
They are used for pumping liquids with a low content of impurities. Works well even when formed in the water supply system air locks and bubbles. Centrifugal pumps use built-in or external ejectors, which both evacuate air from the fluid supply system before starting work, and are also used to increase pressure.
Centrifugal pumps are somewhat more expensive than vortex pumps due to the presence a large number steps.
1.2 Selecting a surface installation
Before you start choosing a pump, you need to decide for what purpose you need it. For watering flower beds or a garden, a unit with a lower capacity than for autonomous water supply systems is suitable. To water the plants, a capacity of 1 will be sufficient cubic meter at one o'clock. To ensure the household needs of a family of 3-4 people, the productivity of the device should be about 3 cubic meters / hour.
You also need to take into account such a characteristic as the depth of suction. On average, it is 8 meters. The farther the 220 V pump is from the water source, the smaller its actual suction depth will be. For calculations, use the formula 1:4 - 1 meter vertically equals 4 meters horizontally. For example, when the unit is removed from the water source by 8 meters, its actual suction depth will decrease by 2 meters, and as a result will be no longer 8, but 6 meters.
The next indicator you need to know is pressure. The unit of measurement is a meter of water column. Typically, pumps that serve the needs of country houses have a head of 30-80 m (or 3-8 atmospheres, since 1 atmosphere equals 10 m of water column).
The required pressure depends on the distance between the pump and the farthest point where water will be supplied. It is believed that 100 m horizontally equals 10 m vertically.
The difference in levels between the point where the pump is located and the top point of the water source also affects. If there is a hydraulic accumulator available that maintains pressure in the system, then this will be the difference in levels between the pump and the accumulator.
In addition, the maximum pressure set by the control pressure switch must be reached. Often it is 2.8-3.5 atm.
An example of head calculation: the difference in height between the accumulator and the pump near the well (the well is in a lowland) is 5 m. The distance to the well is 50 m. Max. pressure in the water supply system - 3 atm. Calculation: 5+5+30+10=50 m of water column.
Another criterion for selecting a pump is the mains voltage. If in your country house it is low, better choose more powerful pump,
than required by the above parameters. Otherwise, at a time when the voltage is low, the performance of the device may be lower than you need.
1.3 Where and how to install?
Factors to consider when selecting a location for this unit include: Temperature external environment should not be below 0 degrees; air humidity must correspond to that specified in technical specifications; suction depth does not exceed 8 m.
If you use the device only in the warm season, then connecting a surface pump is possible next to the well, under a canopy. The pipeline for water supply can also be placed directly on the ground. IN winter time this installation will have to be dismantled and moved to a warm, dry place.
To simplify the task, you can install this unit in a room that is heated in winter (you can install it in a house, but you should take into account the noise level) or in a deep pit, where heat will be maintained from the natural temperature of the soil.
1.4 Caisson equipment (pit)
If you decide to place the pump in a pit near the well, please note that its depth should be half a meter below the ground freezing level. Often it is 1.5-2 m. The caisson should be large enough for the unhindered installation of equipment in it.
In the pit, arrange a concrete bottom and waterproofed walls. The walls can also be laid out of brick, but then with outside it is necessary to protect the brick from the ground with two layers of rubiroid. Around the caisson is being built clay castle- a towering waterproofing structure that does not allow melt or rain water to flood the pit.
From above, the caisson must be covered with a waterproof lid, which will ensure the flow of water. For good insulation, the cover should have at least 5 cm of Styrofoam. In addition to installing the pump, a drain is made in the pit for filling the pump with a funnel in case the water supply from the reserve in the house fails.
When installing such a unit in a caisson, it is recommended to ensure a uniform slope of the suction pipeline towards the water source. This prevents the formation of air pockets in the pipeline. The emergency filling point must be higher than the highest point of the suction pipe.
1.5 Device connection
Before you start using the pump, you must do the following:
- hermetically connect the suction line with a strainer and a check valve to the pump;
- lower the end of the pipe into the water;
- fill the line and the body of the unit with water (this can be done using a manual pump);
- check for water leaks and air pockets;
- connect the 220 V pump to the water supply or irrigation system through the supply pipe.
2 Characteristics of models
Let's take a look at some of the most common surface pump models.
2.1 Surface unit PN 370
Whirlwind PN 370 is used for watering garden plots. The design has a flat base, designed specifically for ease of installation of the unit.
Specifications:
- productivity: 45 l/m;
- power: 370 W;
- suction depth: 9m;
- lifting height: 30m;
- max liquid temperature: 50 °С;
- body material: cast iron;
- dimensions: 260 × 165x185 mm.
2.2 PN 650
Whirlwind PN 650 is used to operate the irrigation system and to drain pools. Has a flat base. Permissible rate of solid particles in the pumped medium - 150g/sq.m.
Specifications:
- productivity: 55 l/m;
- power: 650 W;
- suction depth: 9m;
- lifting height: 45m;
- max liquid temperature: 35 °С;
- body material: cast iron;
- dimensions: 350x270x245mm.
2.3 Leo EKSm 60-1
This vortex self-priming pump is designed to transport water from wells and other bodies of water, to operate the irrigation system, supply water to the upper floors multi-storey buildings, as well as increasing the pressure in the automatic water supply system. Very sensitive to small particles. Their entry into the unit leads to rapid wear of parts. Therefore, it is necessary to use special filters.
Specifications:
- productivity: 35 l/m;
- power: 370 W;
- suction depth: 9m;
- lifting height: 40m;
- body material: cast iron.
2.4 Overview of Aquario models (video)
During the installation of equipment for wells, submersible structures are often used. However, surface aggregates are often used. The structures described are not immersed in water, so their hull is not exposed to negative impact environment. Surface devices are divided into vortex and centrifugal. The first type of device is used to lift water with increasing pressure, and the second is designed to lift fluid from shallow wells. It is worth remembering that if an artesian well is created on the site, it is worth purchasing more expensive and powerful equipment, since only powerful units are capable of lifting water from a depth of more than 20 meters.
Advantages and disadvantages of surface mechanisms
In the case when a shallow well was drilled at the site, it is precisely surface devices. Such mechanisms have many advantages when compared with deep electric pumps:
The disadvantages of the described electric pumps include the ability to work only at a shallow depth. Also, the disadvantage is that for normal operation device, it is necessary to install special filtering equipment. If this is not done, the mechanism may fail.
Before turning on the surface pump, you should make sure that it does not start pumping air during operation. Also, disadvantages include high level noise during pump operation. It is worth remembering that it is possible to install surface self-priming pumps only in insulated structures.
How to choose
Before choosing an electric pump for a well on a site, you need to learn about the criteria on the basis of which it is worth purchasing such products. First of all, you need to know how much water will be pumped daily. For water supply country house a more powerful pump will be required than the design for the water supply of the greenhouse.
During the selection, the following data must be taken into account:
- If 4 people live in the house for which the mechanism is purchased, you should choose a device that pumps 3 cubic meters of water per hour. This amount is enough for the whole family. If it is necessary to pump water also to supply water to the greenhouse and garden, the flow rate is doubled.
- When installing a surface mechanism to provide water to a town house, you need to purchase devices with a capacity of more than 5 cubic meters.
The well for the surface pump, which is created on the site, must have a depth of less than 20 meters. If the depth is greater, you need to look at more powerful types of devices. Typically, centrifugal pumps are purchased for wells deeper than 25 meters.
How is the installation
The installation of the electric pump is quite simple. In order to start using the device, you only need to choose a place for installation, and then connect the pipes. To perform such work, it is not necessary to hire specialists, but to install the pump, you must have minimum experience work with plumbing equipment.
The pump is installed as follows:
- At the first stage, the location for the installed equipment is selected. It is best to prepare a separate structure for installation. Place it next to the well. It is worth remembering that it is necessary to insulate the created structure.
- After that, the creation concrete foundation for the mechanism. Metal fasteners for the described equipment are installed in the base. Metal studs allow you to neutralize the load that constantly affects the structure during operation. If the equipment is not protected, it may become unusable due to vibration due to short term. At the same stage, the installation of a surface electric pump takes place.
- Then the equipment is installed, with the help of which the control over the unit is carried out. Many automatic systems are already configured and ready to install. With knowledge, you can assemble the pump control unit in parts. If you are not familiar with the device of such mechanisms, you should not assemble them yourself. The structure of such a unit includes sensors, as well as control relays that control the water level and other parameters. When the water supply is interrupted, the relays help stop the pump.
- The next step is to connect the pump nozzle to the plumbing system. During connection, a non-return valve must be installed on the pipeline. This device prevents water from overflowing and draining after the pump is turned off.
- Then comes the installation expansion tank. Before starting the connection, it is worth checking the pressure in the chamber. This indicator must correspond to that declared by the manufacturer. If the pressure does not match, it must first be adjusted.
- On last step the cables for the installed surface electric pump are connected. It is important to make a dedicated line for the supply of electricity.
After connecting the surface pump to the well, it is necessary to check its performance before turning it on for continuous pumping of water.
The surface water pump got its name from the installation method. hallmark and the advantage of this type of pump is that it is located on the surface, only the intake hose is lowered into the water.
A big plus of the pump is the ease of installation and maintenance, at the same time, the pump’s disadvantages include a small (up to 10 meters) suction depth.
In other words, the pump can lift water from the tank at a depth of no more than 10 meters. This type of pump is often used in pump station equipment.
This limitation defines the scope. The pump is ideal for giving, and will also show itself well in supplying the cottage with water from a well or well.
Due to their characteristics, pumps are widely used for pumping water from tanks, for example, for filling or draining water from a pool, pumping water from a flooded basement, etc.
The surface centrifugal pump for the well is especially popular with most homeowners. Indeed, unlike a submersible well pump, a surface pump is easier to install and much more convenient to maintain. With the help of such a pump, it is possible not only to pump water, but also to create optimum pressure in the water supply system.
Surface pumps for wells are designed for relatively shallow depths, about 8-9 meters, which can be increased by installing an ejector.
The ejector in the pump is a special building block that is necessary for more efficient fluid supply. The principle of operation of the ejector in the pump is based on the creation of a rarefaction (vacuum) zone inside the housing, where water rises.
Surface water pumps for wells are not designed to pump liquid even with minimal contamination. In addition, it should be borne in mind that the electric motor of most units is not protected against water and must be operated under load. So if the pump does not have a self-priming effect, there should always be water in it.
To start the pump, a hose is connected to it. A check valve is mounted on the other end of the hose and the entire structure is lowered into the well. Special attention should be given tightness check valve, in case of depressurization, the pump will stop working.
Surface self-priming pump for a well
The self-priming surface pump pumps water while on the surface. For the operation of such a pump at the time of start-up, it does not have to be filled with water. Water rises due to the fact that in the central part of the body, due to the movement of wheels with blades, a low pressure area is created. Trying to fill this area, the water rises up creating a suction effect.
While on the surface, the pump is connected to a source of special fittings - a pipe immersed in water below the dynamic liquid level of a well or well. On the discharge pipe of a self-priming pump, you can install a special unit - an ejector.
The ejector increases the degree of vacuum at the end of the suction pipe, thanks to which it is possible to raise water from a significantly greater depth- about 15 meters.
The self-priming surface pump with an installed ejector is quite noisy, so it is advisable to place such a unit away from living quarters. At present, it has become possible to use equipment with a remote ejector; such pumps operate almost silently, but with a significantly reduced performance.
The surface pump for dirty water is another of its most common applications. These pumps are mostly used for:
drainage of basements in residential buildings;
drainage of basements and cellars in the private sector;
pumping out dirty water from drainage, storage and sewer wells;
drainage of fountains, pools, artificial reservoirs or ponds;
drainage of pits construction sites;
application at industrial facilities for pumping wastewater.
The surface circulation pump for dirty water is used for pumping out drains from rooms, tanks, capacities and reservoirs with dirty water with a particle size of not more than 15 millimeters. In addition, specialized models of surface pumps for dirty water are capable of pumping a medium with the presence of chemically non-aggressive substances, in relation to the materials from which the pump parts are made.
The surface pump can be stationary or mobile. In the first option, the pump is mounted for permanent or frequent use. For example, for pumping storm drains or for watering a garden
In the second case, the mobile movement of the pump is assumed. Such models are designed portable or equipped with special wheels for transportation and are used in rare or emergency cases, for example, draining the pool or pumping water from the cellar.
The household surface pump for dirty water is divided into fecal and drainage.
Surface drainage pumps are used in the case of pumping water from pits or basements - where the liquid is not too heavily polluted.
Surface fecal pumps are applied when it is necessary to pump out strongly polluted liquid. Such equipment is equipped with special cutting devices for grinding large contaminants.
Types of construction of surface pumps
Any constructively consists of three blocks:
Pump motor
Hydraulic block, the place where fluid is forced into the pipe
Pump control, the block in which the pump controls are located.
Surface pumps have a simple design and consist of a shaft on which is fixed Working wheel with blades and an electric motor that turns the shaft. This whole system is located inside the body, fixed on the frame. A strainer is attached to the suction pipeline, located in the tank from which the pump pumps water, to retain sand and other suspensions.
All pumps are divided into 2 types: vortex and centrifugal.
Surface vortex pump
This species has less power and is able to work only at shallow depths. Often it is used in the event that the water pressure is insufficient. The surface vortex pump is able to increase the pressure several times. The advantages of the equipment include, first of all, the simplicity of the design (and hence the ease of care and maintenance) and the relatively low cost (unlike other types of similar equipment).
The disadvantages of a vortex pump include a low efficiency, about 45%, as well as sensitivity to solid inclusions in the pumped water (for example, sand), which quickly leads to breakage of the impeller blade. Due to this vortex pumps not suitable for pumping water from wells and tanks with a silty and sandy bottom.
Centrifugal pumps
This type of surface pumps will come in handy, by the way, if you need more powerful and efficient equipment. Such a pump has a much higher coefficient useful action and is suitable for supplying water from a pond or a shallow well (approximately 10 m). To increase the suction depth, an ejector (external or built-in) is additionally used.
Advantages centrifugal pumps – small size and weight, the ability to work in the presence of air pockets in the pipeline, the ability to self-priming. In the vast majority of cases, they are used to provide water to a private house or cottage and / or draw water from shallow wells.
The surface multistage pump is another modification of the centrifugal unit. It is equipped with several impellers and is able to show great importance pressure at the required flow.
How to choose a surface pump
Surface pumps are selected based on two characteristics:
Consumption pump determines the amount of water you need. For a family of three, the average use of a shower (bath) is about 10 liters per minute, a faucet in the kitchen - 7 liters per minute, a toilet 5 liters per minute, the maximum flow will be 22 liters per minute. For a family of four, with the same needs, an average of 30 liters per minute is required, i.e. 1.8 m 3 /hour.
Head. To calculate the required head, add up the height of the house in meters and the backwater of 5 meters, then multiply by a margin of 15%. Let's say the height of the house is 10 meters, then you need a pump with a pressure of (10 + 5) * 1.15 at least 16 meters.
Having decided on the choice of a particular model, it is necessary to provide for the place of its work. If it is a garden surface pump for irrigation, which is installed for only a couple of hours, then a flat area near the source is suitable for its installation.
If you have chosen a surface pump for supplying water from a well, then you will also need to take into account the temperature at the installation site - such equipment must be placed indoors.
Where to buy a surface pump
Manufacturers of modern pumps.
There are quite a few manufacturers on the modern pump market today. The most popular, reliable and high-quality pumps are Wilo, Grundfos, DAB, Whirlwind and Gileks Jumbo.
In our catalog, we have prepared the best surface pumps that you can easily select according to such parameters as pressure, flow, price, power, trademark and etc.
Video: spare parts and repair of a surface pump.
Sooner or later, any technology wears out. Each manufacturer in technical documentation to his product indicates the service life, as well as a list possible faults and troubleshooting methods.
In conditions open market it will not be difficult for any owner to carry out repairs and find the necessary spare parts for a surface pump.