The left side of the abdomen hurts in women. Pain in the left side of the lower abdomen: all possible causes and treatment

Pain, which is localized in the left side from below, can be a sign of pathologies of both internal organs, of which there are many in this area, and diseases of the musculoskeletal and circulatory-lymphatic systems. In order to determine why the left side of the lower abdomen hurts, the specialist who conducts the initial examination of the patient must take into account the patient's additional complaints about certain symptoms. Most often, the symptoms accompanying pain are gastrointestinal disorders, fever, nausea, fatigue, etc. If there are no other signs besides pain, its nature plays an important role in the diagnosis.

Left-sided pains, which are localized in the lower abdomen, vary in character, which helps to suspect the patient of a particular pathology.

• Dull aching pain on the left

Such a pain syndrome is most often found in unilateral "female" pathologies. If a woman additionally feels a general malaise, weakness, fatigue, as well as an increase in body temperature, then, as a rule, we are talking about diseases of the reproductive system of an inflammatory nature.

• Drawing pain on the left

As a rule, such a symptom is inherent in purulent diseases of the pelvic organs. Pain occurs due to sprains in the groin, strangulated hernias. Often, a pain syndrome of a pulling nature accompanies oncological pathologies, and with the development of the disease, the pain increases significantly.

• Stitching pain on the left

Stitching pain may indicate pathology of the kidneys, the presence of erosions on the mucous membrane of the urethra or ureter. Also, stabbing pain is a signal of an imminent rupture of an ovarian cyst, or may be the result of flatulence.

• Sharp pain on the left

A condition in which the patient experiences a sharp pain in the lower abdomen on the left side is caused by spastic contractions, the passage of a stone, rupture of ligaments concentrated in the inguinal zone, rupture of an ovarian or ovarian cyst, expansion of the pelvis of the kidney or bladder, inflammatory processes in the internal organs.

Possible diseases

Diseases of the spleen

Volvulus of the spleen

If the pathology progresses slowly, the clinical picture is blurred, poorly expressed. The disease manifests itself:

• pain in the left side, the intensity of which varies from weak to unbearable;
• increased gas formation;
• slight deterioration in the general condition of the patient.

If the disease develops rapidly, the clinic is pronounced and is represented by the following symptoms:

• sudden sharp pains;
• vomit;
• fainting;
• irritation of the peritoneum;
• intestinal paresis.

It is quite difficult to diagnose a volvulus of the spleen, which develops rapidly, since the symptomatology of the pathology is very similar to the manifestations of intestinal volvulus, torsion of the legs of the ovarian cyst, pregnancy, inflammation of the appendix, renal colic. With a slow course of the disease, preoperative diagnosis is more accessible.

Treatment of pathology consists in complete resection of the spleen.

Abscess of the spleen

A condition characterized by the accumulation of pus in an organ. Often, abscesses are provoked by trauma to the organ, in which the capsule did not rupture, sepsis, chronic lymphoproliferative pathologies, and AIDS.

Symptoms:

• sharp pain in the left side of the abdomen;
• pain in the lumbar region;
• flatulence;
• an increase in temperature to critical levels (40-42 degrees);
• indifference, lethargy, fatigue.

Pain in the abscess of the spleen is characterized by increasing intensity, patients describe the pain syndrome as bursting. Almost always, the pain cannot be stopped with painkillers.

Diagnostics spleen abscess consists in taking an anamnesis, ultrasound examination of the liver and tomography of the peritoneal organs.

Treatment pathology includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics or surgery.

Treatment of an abscess of the spleen by folk methods is unacceptable!

Chronic lympho-, myeloid leukemia

lymphocytic leukemia- a malignant disease of the lymphatic tissues, manifesting itself as follows:

• migraine;
• weakness;
• temperature increase;
• abdominal pain;
• gastrointestinal disorder;
• sudden loss of body weight;
• appetite disorder;
• dyspnea;
• an increase in the size of the spleen, liver;
• high sweating;
• inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• soreness of the upper and lower extremities, in the spinal column;
• hemorrhoidal rash;
• disorders of the central nervous system;
• thrombocytopenia;
• mental and emotional disorders.

myeloid leukemia- oncological pathology of the blood, the symptoms of which are:

• pain and feeling of heaviness in the left side of the abdomen;
• weakness;
• fatigue;
• weight loss;
• excessive sweating;
• spleen infarction;
• a long erection unusual for the patient (for men), delivering a lot of pain.

Diagnosis of both lympho- and myeloid leukemia is carried out in a complex manner and, as a rule, includes:

• examination by a specialist, collection of anamnesis;
• detailed blood test;
• bone marrow analysis;
• biopsy;
• immunophenotyping;
• cytogenetics research.

Treatment of pathologies is reduced to chemotherapy, bioimmunotherapy, radiation therapy, surgical removal of the spleen.

Acute enlargement of the spleen

Pathology arising as a result of an inflammatory process or in violation of the outflow of blood, which manifests itself:

• aching left-sided pain in the lower abdomen;
• rise in temperature;
• dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract;
• feeling of constant fullness in the stomach;
• pain radiating to the shoulder and forearm.

Diagnostics condition consists in a medical examination, history taking, palpation, x-ray examination of the peritoneum, CT, MRI.

Treatment acute expansion of the spleen is aimed at eliminating the cause that caused this condition. Radiation therapy is also used for treatment. Rarely, the spleen is removed.

Spleen infarction

A condition that occurs due to thrombosis or embolism of the vessels of an organ. Often there is a death of some parts of the spleen. Pathology has the following symptoms:

• sharp sudden pain in the left side of the abdomen;
• rapid rise in body temperature;
• nausea and accompanying vomiting;
• intestinal atony.

It is possible to confirm the infarction of the spleen using computed tomography with the introduction of contrast into the vessels, MRI. Ultrasound and radioisotope scanning are also used.

The basis of treatment includes the elimination of the cause of the development of pathology, the use of painkillers and adherence to bed rest. In some cases, thrombolytic drugs and anticoagulants are prescribed. If an abscess develops, surgery is indicated.

Colon diseases

Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which is characterized by the formation of nodules (granulomas) in the organs.

Symptoms diseases are divided into intestinal And extraintestinal.

Intestinal manifestations:

• diarrhea;
• abdominal pain of varying intensity - from dull and prolonged to acute and short-term (mainly on the left);
• inflammation in the anus.

Extraintestinal manifestations:

• increase in body temperature;
• weight loss of the patient;
• apathy, weakness, feeling of constant fatigue;
• anemia;
• cholelithiasis.

Diagnosis of pathology is based on:

• collection of anamnesis, including family history;
• medical examination, palpation;
• clinical blood tests;
• biochemical blood tests;
• examination of urine and feces for the possible presence of blood;

To confirm the diagnosis is also used:

• Ultrasound of internal organs;
• esophagogastroduodenoscopy;
• colonoscopy using special coloring pigments;
• video capsule endoscopy;
• chromoendoscopy;
• electrogastroenterography.

Treatment pathology is aimed at eliminating inflammation in the intestines, for which intestinal anti-inflammatory drugs, salicylic acid derivatives, are used. Often use hormones, immunosuppressants, antibiotics. In severe cases, a resection of the diseased part of the intestine is performed. An important component of effective treatment is the observance of a special diet, the intake of vitamin preparations.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis

Immune inflammation of the colon mucosa, which is characterized by:

• aching and cutting pains in the abdomen, especially on the left;
• diarrhea;
• flatulence;
• appetite disorder;
• imbalance of water and electrolytes in the body;
• fever.

Diagnosis of pathology includes:

• examination of the patient;
• collection of anamnesis;
• physical examination;
• palpation of the rectum, sigmoidoscopy, examination of the anal area;
• abdominal x-ray;
• biopsy of the intestinal mucosa;
• Ultrasound of the peritoneum, pelvis, retroperitoneum;
• laboratory tests of blood, urine,

Treatment includes:

• appointment of a special diet;
• the use of drugs, which include 5-acetylsalicylic acid;
• the use of hormones;
• short-term use of corticosteroids;
• prescription of immunosuppressants.

Atony

A condition in which there is a violation when trying to empty the intestines. Atony has the following symptoms:

• an increase in the time interval between acts of defecation;
• difficulty in stool;
• constipation;
• flatulence;
• sharp, sometimes aching pain in the abdomen;
• weakness;
• temperature increase;
• appetite disorders;
• increase in blood pressure;
• discomfort, feeling of heaviness in the abdomen.

Diagnostics provides for the determination of the causes that caused the development of pathology. It also requires a detailed survey of the patient by a specialist, a clinical examination of feces, stool culture, colonoscopy.

Treatment atony consists of prescribing a certain diet to the patient, performing physiotherapy, prescribing antispasmodic drugs.

Pathology in which small protrusions, 1-2 cm in size, are formed in the intestinal wall, due to a decrease in its elasticity.

Symptoms:

• intermittent pains that are paroxysmal, dull or aching in nature, localized, most often, in the left abdomen;
• pain radiating to the anus, lumbosacral spine, inguinal region, buttocks;
• persistent constipation;
• constipation alternating with diarrhea;
• copious secretion of mucus;
• flatulence;
• foul-smelling flatus;
• false urge to defecate;
• frequent bowel movements;
• pain on palpation along the colon.

To detect the disease, clinical blood and stool tests are used, as well as a visual examination using irrigo- and colonoscopy.

Uncomplicated diverticulosis is treated at home, mainly with the help of a diet, the main task of which is to normalize the stool. Regular bowel movements prevent new diverticula from forming and existing ones from becoming inflamed. If bleeding or purulent inflammation occurs, then surgical intervention is no longer enough.

Diseases of the small intestine

Malabsorption

Chronic disorder of the process of digestion, transport and absorption of nutrients, which has the following symptoms:

• diarrhea;
• steatorrhea;
• pain in the left side of the abdomen, often dull, aching;
• hypovitaminosis;
• weight loss of the patient;
• asthenovegetative syndrome;
• anemia.

Diagnosis of the disease is based on laboratory instrumental methods, which include:

• general blood analysis;
• coprogram;
• radiography;
• MSCT;

Usually, this disease is a complication of other congenital diseases, for example, Schwachman-Diamond syndrome, cystic fibrosis, Hartnup's disease, or acquired, such as various enteritis, pancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, so the basis of therapy is the treatment of the underlying disease, and a special diet is prescribed to alleviate the patient's condition. including protein mixtures.

celiac disease

Chronic pathology associated with congenital rejection of gluten, which is found in cereals.

Symptoms of celiac disease:

• malabsorption;
• frequent bowel movements, while the feces have a gray tint;
• increase in the volume of feces;
• the presence of fat, mucus in the feces;
• flatulence;
• intolerance to dairy products;
• acute pain in the abdomen, especially in its left side, aggravated after eating;
• decreased appetite.

On the part of other organs and systems, symptoms such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, muscle hypotension, pain in the bones, growth retardation, a feeling of constant thirst, pallor of the skin, weight loss, destruction of tooth enamel are noted.

Diagnostics:

• collection of anamnesis, including family history;
• palpation of the abdomen;
• measuring the circumference of the abdomen;
• clinical studies of blood, feces, urine;
• biochemical blood test;
• coprogram;
• analysis of feces for the presence of blood;
• fibrogastroduodenoscopy;
• biopsy of a fragment of the intestine;
• densitometry;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;

Treatment celiac disease involves a lifelong diet as well as treatment for comorbidities.

Diseases of the urinary system

Inflammation of the left ureter

Symptoms:

• renal colic, which is characterized by sharp, cramping pain in the lumbar region and in the side from inflammation, often radiating to the genitals and outer thighs;
• fever, blood pressure;
• feeling of nausea, vomiting;
• frequent urge to empty the bladder;
• pain when urinating;
• difficulty passing urine;
• deterioration in general well-being;
• loss of appetite;
• headache.

Diagnosis consists in using a number of studies:

• biochemical blood test;
• urography;
• cystoscopy;
• ureteroscopy;
• catheterization;
• Ultrasound of the adrenal glands and kidneys.

Treatment depends on the cause of the inflammatory process. Most often used:

• antispasmodics;
• special diet;
• antibiotics;
• anti-inflammatory drugs;
• physiotherapy treatment;
• surgical intervention.

Inflammation of the urethra

It usually occurs due to infection - either gonococcus, chlamydia, trichomonas, mycoplasma, etc., then they talk about specific urethritis, or it is caused by streptococci, staphylococci, E. coli, etc., then the disease is nonspecific. Rarely, inflammation occurs as a result of toxic, allergic, radiation and other effects.

Symptoms:

• soreness and burning sensation in the urethra;
• itching, cutting pain when urinating;
• soreness in the side, lower back, sacral region;
• discharge of pus from the urethra.

Diagnose inflammation of the urethra is helped by clinical blood and urine tests, ultrasound of the pelvic organs. The disease is treated with antibiotic therapy.

Hydroureteronephrosis

Pathology characterized by dilatation of the ureter, pelvis, and calyces, leading to renal dysfunction and parenchymal atrophy.

The main manifestation of the disease is aching pain in the abdomen in the flanks.

Diagnose pathology is possible by excretory urography, and if the patient has chronic kidney failure, then retrograde urography is used.

Treatment surgical and consists in removing the obstruction, removing the ureter and / or kidney.

Women's diseases

Allen-Masters Syndrome

A disease that develops against the background of rupture of the uterine ligaments. Symptoms of pathology are:

• cramping pain in the abdomen, groin and lower back shortly before menstrual bleeding and during menstruation;
• nausea, vomiting;
• pain aching, throbbing, radiating to the legs, rectum;
• dyspareunia;
• fast fatiguability;
• increased pain during long walks.

Diagnostic study carried out with the help of a general examination, palpation, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, laparoscopy.

The only way to treat pathology is laparoscopic surgery.

Ectopic pregnancy

In addition to the general signs of pregnancy, with its ectopic development, the following symptoms are noted:

• pain in the lower abdomen, mainly from the implantation of the embryo;
• discharge of blood from the vagina.

Among the critical signs of pregnancy outside the uterine cavity are:

• sharp pain in the abdomen;
• intense growing pain in the lower abdomen;
• growing weakness;
• pale skin;
• dizziness, fainting;
• profuse bleeding from the genitals.

Diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy consists in palpation and ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Treatment is carried out only through emergency surgery.

Salpingitis

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes of infectious origin. Symptoms include:

• severe pain in the lower abdomen (respectively, from below the inflamed tube);
• febrile condition;
• chills;
• general intoxication.

Diagnose salpingitis it is possible with the help of a bimanual examination, examination of smears for bacterioscopy and bacteriology, echography.

Treatment includes taking antibacterial drugs, physiotherapy, laparoscopy.

Salpingoophoritis (left-sided)

Inflammation of the left appendage, which develops due to its infection. Clinical manifestations:

• sharp or dull aching pains in the lower abdomen, which increase before menstrual bleeding;
• soreness during intercourse, mainly in the area on the left;
• menstrual irregularities;
• general weakness;
• slight increase in body temperature.

Diagnostics consists in examining a woman, palpation, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, blood and urine tests. Sometimes a laparoscopy is needed.

Treatment includes taking anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, absorbable drugs.

Ovarian cyst

A benign formation that has the following features:

• soreness in the lower abdomen on the side in which the cyst formed;
• soreness with intimacy;
• menstrual irregularities.

Diagnosis of an ovarian cyst includes a laboratory study of urine, blood and smear, as well as ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Treatment disease is reduced to the use of hormonal therapy, the use of immunostimulants and physiotherapy. Sometimes the cyst is removed laparoscopically.

Ovarian apoplexy

In the case of late detection of a cyst, as well as other acute and chronic inflammatory processes that cause dystrophic and sclerotic changes in tissues, a rupture of the uterine appendage may occur.

The main signs of apoplexy are:

• severe pain in the lower abdomen;
• nausea and vomiting;
• increase in body temperature.

Diagnostics is based on ultrasound, and treatment includes surgery.

Male diseases

Prostatitis

Inflammation and swelling of the prostate gland, which has the following symptoms:

• pain in the lower abdomen, in the perineum, scrotum;
• urination disorder;
• sexual disorders (violation of potency, decreased libido);
• change in the quality of sperm quantity;
• orgasmic disorder.

To diagnose prostatitis in men help:

• urological examination;
• collection of anamnesis;
• examination of the prostate gland by digital rectal examination;
• prostate secretion analysis;
• analysis for STIs;
• culture of prostate secretion and urine;
• survey urography;
• Ultrasound and TRUS.

Treatment prostatitis includes drug therapy, physiotherapy.

funiculitis

Inflammation of the spermatic cord, manifesting itself:

• pain in the scrotum;
• acute pain in the groin and lower abdomen;
• pain radiating to the lower back.

Diagnostics disease consists of a general examination of the patient, careful palpation, history taking and ultrasound.

Treatment funiculitis is the use of potent anti-inflammatory drugs, strict bed rest, antibiotic therapy.

Vesiculitis

Inflammation of the seminal vesicles, the clinical picture of which is represented by the following symptoms:

• aching pain in the perineum, lower abdomen, inguinal zone, which increases with bowel movements, ejaculation, and also when the bladder is full;
• general weakness;
• increase in body temperature;
• excretion of pus.

Diagnostics:

• general examination of the patient;
• rectal examination;
• Ultrasound of the small pelvis;
• bakposev secret;
• laboratory examination of urine and blood.

Treatment It is carried out with the help of antibiotics. Symptomatic therapy is also carried out, for which antipyretic and analgesic drugs are used. To speed up recovery, prostate massage and physiotherapy are recommended.

prostate cancer

cancer characterized by:

• frequent urination;
• pain in the lower abdomen, in the perineum;
• presence of blood in semen and/or urine.

With metastases, it is noted:

• soreness in the bones;
• bone fractures;
• soreness in the chest;
• prolonged urinary retention;
• sharp weight loss;
• weakness;
• pallor of the skin.

Diagnostics consists in a digital rectal examination, a blood test for prostate-specific antigen, ultrasound of the prostate, CT, radiography, biopsy.

Treatment based on surgical removal of the gland, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, brachytherapy.

Joint diseases

Coxarthrosis

Gradual destruction of the hip joint caused by circulatory and metabolic disorders, overload of the hip joint, hormonal changes and prolonged stress.

The main symptoms are:

• pain in the thigh, groin, in the lower spine;
• pain radiating to the side of the abdomen;
• pain on movement;
• crunch in the joint when moving;
• motor limitation in the affected area;
• muscular atrophy of the thigh.

Diagnostics carried out by laboratory tests of blood, urine, synovial fluid, as well as with the help of ultrasound, MRI, CT.

Treatment can be medical, physiotherapeutic, surgical.

Aseptic necrosis

It occurs as a result of poor blood supply to the upper part of the femur, which can be caused by trauma (fracture, dislocation), other diseases (diabetes, sickle cell anemia, gout, Gaucher disease) or long-term use of steroid drugs.

Symptoms:

• pain in the hip region, radiating to the groin, buttocks, front of the thigh, lower spine;
• the appearance of lameness;
• limitation of joint mobility.

Diagnostics carried out using laboratory methods of research, radiography, ultrasound, MRI and CT.

Treatment can be both medical and physiotherapeutic, and operational.

Pathology, which is one of the varieties of aseptic necrosis, mainly occurs in childhood and adolescence, and in boys 3 times more often than in girls.

Symptoms:

• pain in the joints;
• pain in the lower side (depending on which joint is affected);
• muscle hypotrophy of the buttocks.

Diagnostic measures include a hardware check using CT, MRI, radiography, ultrasound of the joint, as well as a laboratory study of blood and urine.

Treatment presents is a set of measures consisting of physiotherapy exercises, physiotherapy, massage, drug therapy in the form of osteo- and chondroprotectors, the use of orthopedic devices, as well as surgical intervention in stage 2-3 of the disease.

Diseases of the circulatory and lymphatic systems

Varicose veins of the small pelvis

This disease occurs mainly in women, the cause can be gynecological diseases, hard physical labor, complications after pregnancy and childbirth, as well as disorders in the structure of the connective tissue.

Symptoms:

• aching pain in the lower abdomen, radiating to the lower back and groin;
• copious discharge from the vagina;
• pronounced PMS;
• dysmenorrhea;
• pain in the perineum.

You can determine the presence of pathology using:

• examination by a specialist;
• palpation of the inner walls of the small pelvis;
• Ultrasound of the vein system;
• dopplerography;
• laparoscopy;
• selective ovaricography.

Treatment includes drug therapy and therapeutic exercises.

Left-sided inguinal lymphadenitis

This disease occurs when pathogenic microorganisms, such as streptococci, staphylococci, diplococci, Escherichia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa penetrate into the inguinal lymph nodes, resulting in inflammation, which manifests itself:

• an increase in the size of the lymph nodes located in the groin area;
• compaction of the lymph nodes, if you act on them with pressure;
• redness, swelling of the skin at the site of inflammation;
• pain in the lower abdomen, in the groin, arising from physical activity;
• deterioration in general health.

The basis of diagnosis pathology lies inspection and palpation of the inflamed nodes, clinical blood tests, biopsy of the lymph nodes.

Treatment depends on the cause of the inflammation. As a rule, therapy includes the use of medications, physiotherapy.

Despite the fact that in the article we presented a huge list of reasons why left-sided pain in the lower abdomen may appear, it is far from complete, so it is important to understand one simple truth: Pain is a signal from the body that something is wrong. And if a pain syndrome appears, localized at the bottom of the left side, it is urgent to seek help from a specialist who will conduct a detailed examination and prescribe the necessary treatment, because the detection of any pathology at an early stage significantly increases the chances of recovery.

Pain in the lower abdomen is described in the medical literature as pelvic pain. They are characteristic of acute and / or chronic diseases of internal organs, blood vessels, lymph nodes of the small pelvis, and bones of the pelvic girdle.

This is an extensive group of discomfort in the abdominal wall and / or abdominal cavity with localization of pain on:

front side of the body (below the navel line);

back of the body (below the line of the waist).

Pain in the lower abdomen is relevant for almost all categories of patients with gynecological, urological, gastroenterological diseases, as well as surgical pathologies of the pelvic organs.

Pain in the lower abdomen on the left side most often leads patients to the following hospital departments:

gynecology - 60-70%;

urology 65-90%

gastroenterology - 50-60%;

orthopedics - 7-15%.

During life, pain in the lower abdomen on the left periodically appears in every sixth person on the planet. Medicine associates pelvic pain with hundreds of various diseases of internal organs and systems. We have selected the most obvious and common causes of this problem.

The following organs are located on the left side of the abdominal cavity:

The spleen is an unpaired organ related to the immune system. In the parenchyma, the formation of blood cells, their accumulation and utilization takes place. The spleen acts as a reserve storage (depot) of blood due to the portal blood flow system. The total removal of the spleen does not lead to the death of a person, since in this case other organs (lymph nodes, liver) take over its functions.

Small intestine. Loops of the jejunum are partially located on the left side. This is the second section of the small intestine. The main diseases accompanied by pain are intussusceptions, blockages and inflammatory processes.

Colon. The cause of pain is inflammation, impaired secretory functions.

• Left side of the transverse colon;

  Descending branch of the colon.

Organs of the human genitourinary system:

• The left side of the unpaired organs - the uterus, the birth canal (in women);

  The left side of the paired internal organs (female and male, as well as the kidneys).

Skeleton bones of the pelvic girdle, left hip joint, vessels, cartilage, nerves, lymph nodes of the pelvic girdle. Similar information ().

Pain is a complex pathophysiological process. With the same disease, it can manifest itself both on the left and on the right side of the body. The pain is able to migrate to parts of the body remote from the pathological focus. Cases of pain without an obvious source of pathology are known.

The reasons for the formation of a focus of pain are:

Local disturbance of blood circulation;

Violation of cellular metabolism in the pathological focus;

Inflammatory and / or dystrophic processes;

Functional and morphological changes in internal organs.

Pain syndrome is characterized by several stages of development:

First stage. The appearance of unpleasant sensations at the site of localization of the pathological focus.

Second phase. The appearance of reflected pain, the formation of a secondary focus of pathology and the loss of an obvious connection with the primary focus.

Third stage. The spread of trophic disorders, the deepening of pathological processes, the expansion of foci of the pain impulse.

Causes of pain in the left side of the lower abdomen

Pain in the left side of the lower abdomen, combined with symptoms of a disease of an organ located on the same side, is the primary stage of the disease. Irradiating and reflected pains are formed in chronic forms of diseases with the involvement of large areas of the body in the pathogenesis.

Pain in diseases of the spleen

In the early stages of the disease, the localization of pain is most likely in the left side.

Chronic lymphocytic and myeloid leukemia. Oncological disease, accompanied by damage to the hematopoietic organs - the spleen, liver, regional lymph nodes. There are three clinical phases of the disease: chronic, progressive, blast crisis.

Symptoms of the chronic phase. Pain may be absent. They appear as they grow. The earliest sign is increased fatigue, sweating, loss of appetite. In some cases, the disease is accompanied by weight loss. With an increase in the size of the spleen, pain occurs after eating. Many patients note that they are too quickly satiated. At an early stage, diagnosis is carried out using ultrasound and laboratory blood tests.

Symptoms of the progressive phase. They are detected by a physical method - deep external palpation, causing increased pain in the lower abdomen on the left. It increases as the spleen and inguinal lymph nodes enlarge.

Symptoms of the blast crisis phase (explosive cell growth). During this period, aching pains in the joints and bones of the pelvic girdle or at a remote distance from the localization of the lesion are characteristic. The body temperature rises and falls. A decrease in blood clotting, a rapid increase in the volume of the spleen are revealed. Diagnosis of the disease is carried out with the help of instrumental, laboratory studies.

Spleen infarction. The reason is the blockage of arterioles, small arteries of the parenchyma of the organ and the development of a focus of necrosis around the vessel thrombus. Spleen infarction is easily confused with diseases that are its causes: infections, pathologies of blood vessels.

Spleen infarction is manifested by a sharp pain in the left hypochondrium. As the pathogenesis develops, the pain may descend to the lower abdomen. It intensifies with deep inspiration and movement. Body temperature rises to 38.0-39.0 0 C. The disease is dangerous with massive blood loss. The diagnosis is made on the basis of instrumental studies. Treatment - surgery, physiotherapy, drug correction.

Volvulus of the spleen. Partial or complete twisting of the splenic artery, veins and nerve bundles around its axis. The reason is the individual characteristics of a person who, from birth, has long mesenteric ligaments that hold the organ in the abdominal cavity, or injuries to the spleen.

Accompanied by symptoms of an acute abdomen. There is a sharp pain in the left side, then it begins to fall lower and give to the groin area on the left. The pain is associated with vomiting, constipation and bloating. There is a sharp deterioration in well-being. With incomplete twisting, the patient complains only of periodic pain in the left side, aggravated by physical exertion.

In relation to a patient with symptoms of an acute abdomen, the question of an immediate surgical operation is being decided. Indolent pain with partial twisting is a reason for immediate clinical examination. After clarifying the diagnosis, the issue of treatment is decided, including the conduct of a planned surgical operation.

Acute enlargement of the spleen. The two main causes of enlargement of the spleen are a violation of the outflow of blood through the portal vein and inflammation.

Inflammation of the spleen. It is rarely an independent disease, more often the pathology develops as a secondary process involving the spleen in the pathogenesis, for example, the liver. Accompanied by symptoms of the underlying disease. The organ is enlarged much less, the pain is combined with,. The most common causes of inflammation of the spleen are diseases of neighboring organs, including the liver: Gaucher's disease - a violation of fatty liver metabolism; Bunty's syndrome - accompanied by or degeneration of the liver tissue; Hodgkin's disease - lymphogranulomatosis.

Abscess of the spleen. This is the result of the development of limited purulent inflammation in the capsule or parenchyma of the spleen. The pathogenesis of small abscesses usually ends with complete recovery. With the formation of large or multiple, especially those opened into the abdominal cavity, peritonitis may develop. Its signs are severe diffuse pain radiating to the left side and lower abdomen, high temperature, a sharp deterioration in well-being, a regression of consciousness.

Spleen cyst. It is a cavity made by a capsule of connective tissue. Inside it is filled with watery, slimy contents. The cyst forms as a result of the completion of the abscess. It can also be the result of rupture of the spleen in traumatic injuries. Small cysts are painless, and large ones cause slight pain when pressed with a fist in the region of the left hypochondrium. Patients also note paroxysmal dull pain of low intensity during physical exertion.

Other pathologies, including congenital disorders and atrophy of the spleen, occur without a pronounced pain syndrome.

Pain in diseases of the small intestine

The small intestine is subdivided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Pain in the left side of the lower abdomen with a high degree of probability can be caused by a lesion of the jejunum, part of the loops of which is located on the corresponding side of the human body.

Malabsorption. A disease of a congenital or acquired nature. The pathogenesis is based on the inability of the mucous membranes of the small intestine to absorb one or more foods in the intestine, such as milk or fruits. The disease is characterized by frequent (three or more times a day) defecation, loose stools of fatty consistency. The pain is localized in the left side, and when bursting with gases of the jejunum, it is accompanied by cramping attacks. Additional symptoms are rumbling in the intestines, increased gas formation, an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth. The arching pain subsides after emptying the intestines, and the cramping pain decreases after taking antispasmodic medications (no-shpa, it is also drotaverine). The final diagnosis is made on the basis of laboratory and instrumental research methods.

celiac disease It usually develops in newborns switching from breast milk to complementary foods from cereals. Cases of celiac disease in adults have been reported. At the heart of the disease is gluten intolerance. Gluten is a vegetable protein found in the gluten of cereals. The symptomatology of the disease is in many ways reminiscent of malabsorption, the same pulling pains in the abdomen appear. Due to indigestion, exhaustion quickly develops. At the age of six months to one year, the appearance of a sick child with ineffective treatment takes on a rachitic appearance: the abdomen is enlarged, there is a lag in growth and development, the mucous membranes are brightly colored.

The large intestine includes the caecum, colon, sigmoid, and rectum.

The colon, in turn, is divided into:

ascending - located on the right;

descending - located on the left;

transverse - located horizontally in the epigastric region, partially to the left.

Pain on the left side of the lower abdomen is usually associated with damage to the descending or transverse colon:

Irritable Bowel Syndrome. disease of unknown etiology. Some researchers prioritize the stress factor. Men and women of all ages are ill, but two-thirds of patients are middle-aged women. They observe an exacerbation during the period of monthly cycles and with hormonal surges. Irritable bowel syndrome is manifested by chronic pain in the abdomen, sometimes on the left side, as well as flatulence, constipation or diarrhea. A distinctive feature of the disease is the absence of visible morphological changes in the intestinal walls. The disease periodically subsides and aggravates again, for example, after eating certain types of food and after. The main method of treatment is a special diet and drug correction.

Hirschsprung disease. hereditary pathology. Boys are predominantly ill. The disease is a consequence of the congenital absence of areas of innervation in separate, limited areas of the large intestine. The main symptoms are constipation, bloating, increased gas formation. The development of pain in the left side of the abdomen is a consequence of acute expansion of the large intestine. The main method of treatment is surgical intervention, namely, the removal of parts of the intestine that do not have nerve endings.

Crohn's disease . Nodular inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. We will consider isolated inflammation of the descending colon, since it is precisely this inflammation that is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen on the left. The cause of the disease has not been fully established. The disease is manifested by common symptoms - fatigue, loss of appetite, lethargy; as well as specific signs - pain in the left side, vomiting. If other parts of the intestine are involved in the process, the symptoms will be more difficult. Crohn's disease is very difficult to diagnose and often masquerades as other pathologies. When involved in the pathogenesis of the intestines on the right side, the symptoms are very similar to inflammation of the appendix with the same vivid pain manifestations.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis. Polyetiological chronic inflammation of the large intestine. Accompanied by morphological changes in the intestinal walls. There is no exact information about the causes of the disease, but it is believed that it is based on hereditary factors combined with disorders. There are medical hypotheses about the influence of allergies and bacteria. Clinically, NUC is manifested precisely by pain in the left side of the lower abdomen. The nature of the pain is paroxysmal colic of varying intensity. Other symptoms are joint pain, diarrhea mixed with blood and pus, fever, as a result of the introduction of microbes into the mucous membrane. The final diagnosis is made on the basis of an examination of the intestinal mucosa using instrumental methods.

Diverticulosis of the large intestine. A disease accompanied by the development of diverticula - pathological sacs that form when the intestinal walls protrude. The elderly are more often affected. Diverticula interfere with normal peristalsis, they accumulate stool, causing congestion, fermentation, gas formation and intestinal expansion. In conclusion, dense fecal stones (calculi) form in the diverticula. When the descending colon is affected, pain occurs in the left side, may be in the lower abdomen, as well as constipation and black stools due to intestinal bleeding. Diagnosis of the localization of diverticula is made using instrumental methods for examining the intestine, and diverticulosis is treated only surgically.

Colon polyposis. A multifactorial disease, accompanied by the appearance on the mucous membranes of the colon of benign formations - polyps. The formation of these polyps is associated with a violation of the absorption of water from the contents of the intestine and the difficulty of passing the contents. As a result, diarrhea is combined with constipation, in severe cases a dangerous state of dehydration develops. Pain in the left side occurs when the descending part of the colon is affected.

Atony of the large intestine. It develops with a decrease in the resistance of the patient's body against the background of the underlying disease, for example, with prolonged immobility during illness. Atony is most often diagnosed in the elderly. The main clinical symptom is a violation of peristalsis, constipation, bloating, noise and rumbling, as a result of fermentation processes. Bloating causes dull, arching pain. With the accumulation of gases in the descending colon, aching pain appears in the left side of the lower abdomen.

Malignant formations. Colon cancer is a generalized name for several diseases of oncological etiology. One of the reasons for the development of malignant tumors is malignancy or the transformation of benign cells into cancerous ones.

The pain syndrome develops first on the side where the tumor originated. An increase in the intensity of sensations is characteristic, and with tumor necrosis, the pain intensifies and grows around the focus.

Some of the diseases were mentioned in connection with the lesion of the right (see here). This text is supplemented with information.

Hydroureteronephrosis. This is an expansion of the renal pelvis. It develops due to impaired outflow of urine from the kidney. Causes - urolithiasis, narrowing or diverticula of the ureter. Since the kidney is a paired organ, a unilateral lesion proceeds subclinically for a long time. Acute expansion is accompanied by sharp ones that can descend into the lower abdomen.

Allen-Masters Syndrome. It develops in connection with rupture of the ligaments of the uterus during difficult childbirth and abortion, or with rapid childbirth. It appears soon after these pathologies. The most common symptom is cramping pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes on the left or in the anus, especially when straining. Burning pain inside the abdominal cavity radiates to the left iliac region. Additional symptoms are fatigue, pain during sex and menstruation. Diagnosis is based on physical examinations: the doctor detects abnormal mobility of the cervix, torn ligaments do not hold the organ in a stable position. The uterus is painful when pressing on the abdominal wall. Ligament rupture causes venous congestion in the pelvic area.

External genital endometriosis. Pain develops with pathological proliferation of myometrial cells with external endometriosis:

• Ovaries. The clinic resembles an ectopic pregnancy with pain in the lower abdomen of varying intensity. The defeat of the left ovary is accompanied by aching pains on the corresponding side, the pains intensify during the period and during intercourse. Associated pain is associated with the development of adhesions;

  Peritoneum. Perhaps an asymptomatic course, characterized by a disorder of the menstrual cycle, development, pain during intercourse and pain in the lower abdomen, often on the left;

  Fallopian tubes. It is manifested by pain during palpation of the cervix and during menstruation. The development of infertility is observed, sometimes an ectopic pregnancy occurs with the localization of the embryo in the fallopian tubes;

  The cervix. Characterized by persistent pain in the pelvic area, possibly on the left. Often the pain descends into the rectal area and increases with defecation and sex;

  Vagina and labia. Bloody nodules are visually detected on the vaginal mucosa and labia, combined with discharge and pain on palpation. Sex is impossible due to severe pain, and in a calm state, there is pain in the lower abdomen;

  Rectal-uterine cavity. With rectal palpation, endometriotic nodules in the form of a rosary are felt on the walls of the rectum near the uterine cavity. Patients complain of pulling pain in the perineum and lower abdomen on the left with a predominant lesion of the left side of the rectum.

Pain in diseases of the hip joint, cartilage, blood vessels, nerves, lymph nodes (). Diseases of the right side of these anatomical formations are identical to the left-sided lesion.

Pain caused by injury or trauma, in terms of pathophysiological significance for the body, differs significantly from internal pelvic pain. Pain caused by injuries should usually be treated immediately with pain medication.

Pain caused by pathologies of the internal organs, on the contrary, must be stopped with great care. If internal pain occurs, anesthesia is allowed by applying a cold compress to the focus.

Dull aching pain in left side

This type of pain is a common complaint of patients with unilateral gynecological pathologies. With dull pains in the left side of the lower abdomen, women usually experience cycle disorders, during sex, inflammation of the genital organs and non-inflammatory () diseases. Inflammatory pathologies, accompanied by dull pain, are usually combined with fever, weakness and increased fatigue. In addition to gynecological diseases, dull pain accompanies varicose veins of the legs, acute enlargement of the bladder, hemorrhoids. Dull, aching pain is felt with inflammation of the lymph nodes on the left side of the body.

Drawing pain in left side

Such pain is typical for purulent pathologies of the pelvic organs on the left side, usually it is characterized by a debilitating course and low intensity. Drawing pain on the left is felt with inflammation of the scrotum, external male genital organs, as well as with strangulated hernias, accompanied by sprains in the groin. The pain gradually increases in oncological diseases due to irritation of the nerve ganglia by a growing tumor. In severe pathologies, the presence and intensity of other symptoms should be taken into account: (, vomiting, swollen lymph nodes)

Sharp pain in left side

Cramps are accompanied by pathologies associated with spasms of the pelvic organs when the intestines are bursting with gases or by a direct effect on painful nerve endings. Sharp pain is sometimes evidence of acute expansion of the bladder and renal pelvis, inflammation or rupture of ligaments, rupture of the ovary, passage of uralitis through the urinary tract. Alternatively, in the above cases, there may be dull pain.

Stitching pain in left side

Colic usually occurs with diseases of the kidneys and intestines. Stitching, throbbing pain is possible with ulceration of the mucous membrane of the ureters and urethra. A kind of stabbing - shooting pain, which indicates inflammation of the lower back, joints, cartilage. Stitching pain occurs when the intestine expands due to increased gas formation. After defecation and urination, such pain subsides. Stitching pain is a formidable symptom that should not be neglected. It may be a harbinger of a break.

With rare exceptions, pain is never the main symptom, while it accompanies all serious pathologies of the internal organs. Modern diagnostic methods (CT with contrast, types of spiral MRI, ultrasound, laparoscopy) significantly expand the possibilities of detecting signs of diseases that cause pain. Only 1.5% of cases of pain in the pelvic organs are not accompanied by pronounced morphological changes in the internal organs. Pain is often combined with symptoms of the underlying disease: fever, vomiting, and others.

Temperature

A sharp increase in it is evidence of serious malfunctions in the body, including:

infectious nature - infectious diseases with damage to the pelvic organs are usually combined with fever;

inflammatory pathologies of the internal organs of the small pelvis in men and women with the threat of developing peritonitis;

traumatic injuries with the threat of rupture of the walls of internal organs.

Nausea, vomiting

The combination of pain on the right, less often on the left, or unclear localization with fever and vomiting is characteristic of appendicitis. In medical textbooks they write that vomiting with appendicitis is usually single, but in practice it happens differently. Repeated vomiting and pain in the lower abdomen on the left, more often of a girdle character, also develop with pancreatitis and cholecystitis.

Particular alertness should be caused by persistent, indomitable nausea and vomiting, combined with pain.

What to do if there is pain in the left side?

In diseases of the spleen, the patient often requires surgery. This is especially true in the case when pain in the organ is caused by a cyst or a growing tumor.

To facilitate the well-being of a person, it is possible to use the following drugs:

Spasmalgon, Ibuprofen, Drotaverine. They are prescribed for pain relief.

Lineks, Espumizan, Mezim-forte. Drugs can reduce bloating.

Heparin, Fraxiparine. These absorbable and anticoagulants are indicated for use in organ infarction.

Panadol, Aspirin, Ibuklin, Paracetamol. They are prescribed to reduce body temperature.

What to do with pain in the small intestine?

If a person suffers from celiac disease or malabsorption, then he needs to stop eating highly fermented foods. Their small intestines are simply unable to digest.

When a patient is diagnosed with a peptic ulcer, medications such as:

Pariet, Esomeprazole, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Pirenzepine. These are antisecretory drugs that reduce the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

De-nol, Vikalin, Vikair - preparations containing bismuth.

Clarithromycin, Tinidazole, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin - antibacterial drugs.

Gastal, Maalox, Almagel, Nimesil - preparations for the relief of heartburn.

Loperamide, Atsilact, Lactobacterin, Normobact - means to eliminate diarrhea.

Tisaden, Bisacodyl, Senalex, Glycelax - anti-constipation agents.

Smecta, Bobotik, Sab Simplex, Meteospasmil - drugs to reduce bloating due to gases.

What to do with pain in the large intestine?

If a person suffers from pain in the large intestine, he may be prescribed drugs such as:

Mesalazine.

Sulfasalazine.

Prednisolone.

Enzymatic agents: Festal, Creon, Pancreoflat, Encipalmed.

Painkillers: Spazmalgon, Baralgin, Kolotal, Nirvaxal, Maksigan.

Preparations for lowering body temperature: Paracetamol, Citramon, Ibuklin, Nurofen.

Drugs to stop vomiting: Trazyn, Senorm, Bonin, Zofran.

Means to stop diarrhea: Ftalazol, Bifiform, Hilak forte, Enterol.

Drugs to cope with constipation: Lactitol, Glycerol, Dufalac, Romfalac.

Preparations for bloating: Linex, Mezim-forte, Enterosgel.

What to do with diseases of the genitourinary system?

Diseases of the genitourinary system require a professional approach to treatment, self-administration of drugs is unacceptable. Sometimes patients need surgery, for example, with advanced endometriosis, or with torn ligaments.

Medicines such as:

Antibiotics: Azitral, Biseptol, Normobactin, Moximac, Ospamox.

Drugs to relieve the inflammatory reaction: Nurofen, Ketonal, Meloxicam, Melbek, Voltaren.

Pain relievers: Spazgan, Nurofen, Movasin, Indomethacin.

Drugs to reduce body temperature: Pentalgin, Paracetamol, Diklak, Metindol, Naproxen.

Lymphadenitis as the cause of pain in the left side

With lymphadenitis, accompanied by inflammation of the lymph nodes, prescribe drugs such as:

Amoxiclav.

Cetirizine.

Clindamycin.

Acyclovir.

Fluconazole.

Nimesulide, etc.

Also, patients are prescribed physiotherapeutic procedures: UHF, laser therapy, galvanization.

Gastritis as the cause of pain

Gastritis is treated by a gastroenterologist.

The doctor prescribes the patient drugs such as:

• Activated carbon

  Doxycycline.

  Cimetidine.

  Hydrotalcite.

  gastracid.

  Famotidine.

  Diosmectite.

Pancreatitis as the cause of pain in the left side

Developing pancreatitis requires a doctor's consultation. If the doctor considers that the disease has a severe course, then he hospitalizes the patient. Although sometimes treatment at home is possible.

For this purpose, drugs such as:

Enzymes: Pancreatin, Festal, Mezim, Creon, Kontrykal.

Antispasmodics: Papaverine, No-shpa, Baralgin.

Diuretics: Diacarb, Lasix, Furosemide.

Neuralgia as a cause of pain

A neurologist treats neuralgia.

The doctor may prescribe drugs such as:

Ibuprofen, Panadol, analgin, Nimesulide, Diclofenac. They help relieve pain. Sometimes medicines are taken orally, and sometimes used for topical application. In the form of an ointment, Diclofenac, Voltaren, Nimid are produced.

Vitamins of group B. Deficiency of these vitamins often causes the development of neuralgia.

To relieve muscle spasm and eliminate inflammation, the use of drugs such as Tempalgin, Baclofen, Clonazepam, Sirdalud is indicated.

You can increase the therapeutic effect with the help of physiotherapy. Therefore, patients with neuralgia may be prescribed sollux, electrophoresis or UHF.

Education: Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry (1996). In 2003 he received a diploma from the educational and scientific medical center for the administration of the President of the Russian Federation.

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Abdominal pain is a serious sign of pathologies of the internal organs of the abdominal cavity. Each pathology with an acute or chronic course has its own individual picture, that is, a certain localization, intensity of the pain syndrome, clinical and laboratory parameters.
Diseases of the infectious-inflammatory, viral or oncological type of the descending intestines, urinary tract and reproductive system are characterized by pain both on the left side and on the right. We examined some pathologies in detail in the article, in the same publication we will focus on diseases in which pain appears in the lower abdomen on the left.

An important component in the diagnosis of diseases of the abdominal cavity is the nature of pain localized on the left. Anatomically (or topographically) in this area of ​​the human body are the following organs: sigmoid and rectum with rectal sphincter, bladder with left ureter, in women left ovary with fallopian tube and fascial and muscle tissue. Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system, complicated by microbial infection, often lead to peritonitis. If the lower part of the abdomen, that is, the organs of the small pelvis, is affected, pelvioperitonitis develops with the accumulation of pus in the excavations of the small pelvis, which is manifested by pain around the entire perimeter of the abdomen, that is, an acute abdomen syndrome is formed.

All about pain

Each pathology of the abdominal cavity has its own “pain picture”, that is, it can be of different intensity (strong, medium and weak) and duration (temporary and permanent).

Pain is divided into types, namely:

• Dumb and aching character

These pains are characteristic of gynecological diseases (inflammation of the ovaries or uterus). If the left ovary is involved in the inflammatory process, then pain appears on the left. It can occur during menstruation, sexual contact, during physical exertion or at rest. In addition to gynecology, the aching nature of pain can be observed with inflammation of the hemorrhoidal veins, varicose veins of the small pelvis, chronic cystitis and malignant tumors, as well as with pathologies of the sigmoid and rectum.

• Radiating (pulling) pain

Inflammatory-purulent diseases that involve the urogenital organs and part of the gastrointestinal tract (rectum and sigmoid colon) in the process have a pulling and debilitating course with little intensity. Irradiation is directed to the left leg and to the lumbar spine, due to increased pressure in the groin and stretching of the inguinal ligaments.

• Acute (sharp) pain

Colic or spasms cause sharp pains. They are characteristic of colitis, cystitis, urolithiasis, infectious and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (dysentery, salmonellosis, gastroenteritis, sigmoiditis, Crohn's disease), as well as adnexitis and ectopic pregnancy. Sharply hurts the intestines in the lower abdomen with oncological neoplasms in the second, third and fourth stages of the disease.

• Stab type

Stitching pain occurs during the passage of a kidney stone through the left (or right) ureter towards the bladder. With the passage of oxalate or urate stones through the lumen of the ureter at the mouth of the bladder, the pain acquires a colic-like shape, radiates to the inguinal region, as well as to the abdomen and lower back. Such pains appear in diseases affecting the rectum and rectal sphincter, as well as the sigmoid part of the colon, that is, the lower gastrointestinal tract.

The listed types of pain are serious harbingers of an acute abdomen and direct indications for surgical intervention. If you are worried about pain on the left (of any intensity) with localization in the lower abdomen, call an ambulance immediately!

General symptoms of pathologies of the internal organs of the abdominal cavity

In addition to the pain syndrome, abdominal pathologies on the left side are accompanied by a number of common symptoms, such as: general malaise, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, impaired diuresis and fever. There may also be pain of varying intensity in the left iliac region when coughing and walking. All these symptoms are also characteristic of sigmoiditis, Crohn's disease, nephrolithiasis and helminthic invasion, which we will discuss in more detail below.

Sigmoiditis

Inflammation is not a separate disease, but a type of gastrointestinal pathology, like proctitis, colitis or enterocolitis. The disease proceeds acutely or chronically.

Factors causing pathology of the sigmoid colon are divided into two groups: internal and external.

The internal ones are intestinal infections (usually dysentery and salmonellosis), dysbacteriosis (may be caused by antibacterial or chemotherapy), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and mesenteric atherosclerosis. In this case, infections cause an acute form of sigmoiditis, and other diseases - chronic.

external factors, contributing to the acute development of pathology are pesticides and radioactive substances.

The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

• Pain of acute and cutting type with localization in the left iliac region with irradiation to the lower back and thigh.
• Diarrhea or constipation.
• False tenesmus.
• General malaise.
• Decreased appetite.
• Mental disorders (nervousness, sleep disturbance).

Why does the lower abdomen hurt with sigmoiditis? The intestine has a high degree of sensitivity due to the developed system of innervation. When damaged or inflamed, the intestine reacts quickly with severe pain with increased or decreased peristalsis.

The pain barrier also depends on the type of damage to the anatomical structure of the intestine, which is divided into:

• catarrhal(mucous) type: the intestinal mucosa becomes inflamed, it is hyperemic and edematous, there is a large amount of mucus in the intestinal lumen;
• erosive type: deeper layers (mucous and muscular) of the large intestine are involved in the pathological process, the affected part is covered with erosions;
• purulent hemorrhagic(ulcerative) sigmoiditis: pathogenic flora joins erosions or ulcers, forming bleeding and purulent foci;
• perisigmoid type: the infectious and inflammatory process spreads to nearby intra-abdominal organs and tissues (mesenteric), a serous infiltrate appears around the sigmoid colon, the consequence of which are inter-intestinal or entero-mesenteric adhesions.

The diagnosis is made based on complaints, clinical picture, palpation of the abdomen, instrumental studies of the distal part of the large intestine, sigma and rectum, as well as on the basis of laboratory tests. On palpation of the abdomen on the left side, the patient reacts painfully, pushing away the doctor's hand. Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract shows swelling and hyperemia of the intestinal mucosa (catarrhal form). With an erosive and purulent form, endoscopy is performed only for medical reasons, in the exclusion of oncological processes. In these cases, it is sufficient, which confirms the diagnosis on the basis of mucosal hyperemia and the presence of a large amount of mucus streaked with blood and pus. In the analysis of feces (bacteriological culture), the causative agent of intestinal infection is detected.

Sigmoiditis undergoes outpatient or inpatient conservative treatment.

Firstly, patients are prescribed a diet (table No. 4) that does not contain food products that cause fermentation and decay. Fried, fatty and spicy are excluded. In the first two days, fasting and drinking plenty of fluids (non-carbonated water and herbal teas) is recommended to prevent dehydration after prolonged diarrhea. In some cases, drip administration of solutions (infusion therapy) is prescribed. Secondly, broad-spectrum antibiotics (levomecithin) are used to eliminate pathogenic flora, and probiotics are recommended to combat dysbacteriosis. Third, antispasmodics are prescribed to relieve colic.

Within 2 weeks, the pathology is completely eliminated, if all medical recommendations are followed. In this case, the recurrence of the disease will not be observed for a long time. An untreated disease will lead to the development of a chronic form of sigmoiditis with the ensuing complications.

If you suffer from such a pathology for a long time and are unsuccessfully treated at home with folk remedies, then at best this will lead to the development of a chronic form of the disease, and at worst to irreversible processes such as intestinal perforation or peritonitis.

Crohn's disease

Pathology is a lesion of the gastrointestinal tract in the form of inflammatory processes with a violation of the structure of the intestine, adhesive formations inside the peritoneum and fistulas. The disease is chronic and lasts for six months or more, depending on the reaction of the body and general immunity. Inflammation of the intestine leads to stenosis of the intestinal tube, to the accumulation of serous fluid around the affected area, as well as to the formation of fistulas connecting the intestinal tube to the abdominal organs.

Symptoms of Crohn's disease are divided into:

• intestinal, characterized by sharp stabbing pains, diarrhea rich in mucus and blood impurities, inflammation of the rectum and sphincter,
• extraintestinal, manifested by general weakness, weight loss, constant subfebrile temperature, damage to the joints, liver, kidneys and blood. Also, with this form of the disease, pathological changes in the skin and eyeballs are observed, a specific yellowness appears. The mucous membranes ulcerate and bleed.

The causes causing the occurrence of pathology are:

• pesticide poisoning,
• chronic intestinal infections,
• viral bowel disease
• peptic ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract,
• reduced immunity,
• injury,
• postoperative complications,
• heredity,
• improper nutrition.

The disease can affect both one segment of the gastrointestinal tract (only the duodenum or ileocecal zone), and several segments of the intestine, stomach and esophagus, up to the oral cavity.

According to the course of the disease, the pathology is divided into:

• primary, with acute and gradual onset;
• continuously chronic, lasting up to six months;
• recurrent form.

According to the clinical development, Crohn's disease is in the form of:

• Acute ileitis (inflammation of the sigmoid colon).
• Eunoileitis (inflammation of the sigma, skinny tube with obturation).
• Chronic jejunoileitis (inflammation of the jejunum and a violation of its absorption capacity).
• Granulomatous colitis and proctitis (development of intra-intestinal granulomas).

This leads to the fact that the pain syndrome does not cover certain parts of the abdomen, but different: sometimes the lower abdomen hurts on the left or right, sometimes the whole abdomen, sometimes the pain can be girdle in nature - it all depends on the affected area, on the form of the disease and its onset, that is, on the gradual, acute or lightning-fast development of the disease. When coughing, the pain in the abdomen increases and becomes unbearable, plus, if the lower parts of the large intestine are affected, the sphincter weakens and involuntary excretion of feces and urine may occur.

Diagnostics based on the history, general examination of the patient, laboratory results and instrumental data. On palpation, an inflamed or granular left iliac zone is palpated. The pain is dull or acute (depending on the form and phase of the disease), which can radiate towards the abdomen and lower back.

Laboratory tests are evidence of pathology, namely:

• Complete blood count: reduced number of platelets and red blood cells, the presence of a large number of leukocytes.
• Analysis of stool masses: in the stool there is a large amount of undigested food elements and a large amount of fat, the level of calprotectin is 2-3 times higher than normal.
• Biochemical analysis of blood: anemia, elevated levels of ALT and AST, which indicates liver damage.

Instrumental examinations include:

• abdominal ultrasound,
• Endoscopy
• sigmoidoscopy,
• radiography,
• computed tomography,

Schematically, the treatment of Crohn's disease can be divided into the following options: medical and surgical.

Medical option treatment consists of the use of sulfasalazine, immune system leukotriene receptor antagonists, hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants (drugs that inhibit the immune components of Crohn's disease).

If conservative therapy fails, surgery is indicated. with extirpation of the gastrointestinal tract. The main point in the treatment regimen is a diet with a balanced diet and vitamin therapy (the use of a multivitamin complex A, E, K, D, B12 and PP).

Urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis

This disease, which can be unilateral and bilateral, is included in the group of kidney diseases, characterized by a violation of the pH of the urine towards oxidation or alkalization. Disturbed metabolism, plus an infectious and inflammatory process of a chronic nature, lead to the formation of calculous conglomerates. They develop in the lumen of the pelvis and cups. The size of the stones is varied: from sand to 5 centimeters or more.

When a disease occurs, the patient often has pain on the left or right side, not only of the back, but also in the lower abdomen.

The main factors contributing to the formation of stones are:

• The presence in food of a large amount of calcium, magnesium and oxalic acid. These substances come from lactic acid products, meat, fatty fish, vegetables and fruits rich in acids.
• Poisoning with heavy metals or pesticides, which can lead to inflammation of the kidney parenchyma with subsequent development of stones.
• Violation of the anatomical structure of the urinary system, leading to inflammation and stasis of urine.
• The presence of some chronic (gout, Crohn's disease, pyelonephritis, etc.) or somatic diseases with a sedentary lifestyle that provoke stasis of urine, resulting in conglomerates formed within a few months.

Symptoms at the first stage of the disease, it is poor, but as lithiasis develops, patients increasingly feel pain in the lumbar region. Once they make some movements (jumping or running), as well as perform physical activity with weight lifting, and then the “sleeping stone” will make itself felt through renal colic. If the process is located in the left kidney, then the pain will be localized to the left lower abdomen. Pain is sharp and not long lasting. She gives to the left inguinal region, to the lower back and left leg. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and fever. When the urate or oxalate formation moves, the integrity of the ureteral mucosa is damaged, and blood appears in the urine.

At the first symptoms, it is necessary to call an ambulance, and not to engage in folk methods of treatment, because. this is fraught with serious consequences.

Diagnosis of nephrolithiasis includes:

• Collection of anamnesis.
• Palpation and percussion.
• Blood test (general and biochemical).
• Urine analysis (general, according to Nichiporenko and Zemnitsky).
• Ultrasound, MRI and computed tomography of the kidneys and abdominal organs.
• X-ray in three projections.
• Radioisotope study of the kidneys.

Therapeutic measures

Urolithic spasms are removed by two methods: conservatively and surgically.

If the stone is small, then antispasmodics and analgesics are used, which will remove it from the urinary system. Next, antibiotics and litholysis drugs are prescribed, as well as special dietary nutrition.

In the case of a large conglomerate a surgical intervention is performed with its removal or with extirpation of the kidney (with a complete obturating renal lumen with a stone of up to 5 cm or more). After the operation, medical treatment, physiotherapy and spa treatment (Zheleznovodsk, Essentuki and Pyatigorsk) are carried out.

Helminthiasis

• poor sanitary and hygienic conditions,
• reduced immunity,
• direct contact with infected pets,
• entry of helminths into the digestive system through contaminated food or water.

Symptoms

• Pain in the abdomen of varying intensity, often with localization in the left side of the abdomen (pain intensifies at night and after eating).
• Specific grinding of teeth during sleep.
• Nausea.
• Itching in the anus.
• Decreased appetite.
• Diarrhea.
• Cough.
• Damage to the liver and kidneys.
• Exacerbation of cholecystitis and pancreatitis.
• Myocarditis.
• Eruptions on the skin.
• Temperature increase.
• Irritability.
• Sleep disturbance.
• Headache.
• Meningoencephalitis.

If pain occurs in the left iliac region, it is not recommended to drown them out with analgesics, since the use of these drugs erases the symptoms of the clinical picture, and if pain is caused by acute diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, this can lead to peritonitis and death.

Only in the case of a known diagnosis, some help should be taken, for example, for renal colic, it is recommended to take antispasmodics and analgesics, and for sigmoiditis, broad-spectrum antibiotics are added. In other cases, it is better to wait for an ambulance doctor, taking a comfortable position in which pain is minimal, and in no case drink, eat, or apply heat.

The occurrence of pain in the left iliac region is not a simple phenomenon, but alarming, because pain in this area appears with a variety of diseases which may not have been previously reported. For example, helminthiasis is not immediately manifested by pain in the lower abdomen, but in the stage of toxic manifestation. But even if the disease manifests itself in the early stages of development, such as urolithiasis or sigmoiditis, without attaching any importance to this, it can become chronic. Of the above pathologies, there is not a single simple one that will go away on its own. Own inattention can lead to perforated ulcers or peritonitis. These complications are life threatening. Do not self-medicate, consult a doctor in time!

Everyone at least once felt an incomprehensible pain in the abdomen. Sometimes, to get rid of the ailment, it is enough to take something pain-relieving and lie down under a warm blanket. It is much worse when the pain becomes acute or takes the form of attacks.

Pain in the lower abdomen in women on the left or right, having an incomprehensible character, is the most common problem with which they turn to a gynecologist. In fact, such pain can speak of both organic and functional disorders of the life support system. Quite often there is a need to consult doctors of other profiles.

Unusual pain in the abdomen can occur with spasms of the muscles of the internal organs or at the onset of inflammatory processes in them. The cause of their occurrence can be both an acute surgical problem and some infectious diseases. Sometimes pain can be caused by a pinched nerve.

In many cases, abdominal pain may signal the need for immediate hospitalization and radial treatment.

Causes of pain in the lower abdomen

Organic causes of pain of such localization are:

The development of diseases of the genital organs;

Acute chronic diseases of the kidneys, urinary and gallbladder;

Irritation of tissues from the intrauterine device;

attack of appendicitis;

Ectopic pregnancy;

The likelihood of a miscarriage;

Early detachment of the placenta;

The consequences of an abortion.

Functional causes of abdominal pain are:

Violations in the menstrual cycle;

Uterine hemorrhage due to malfunction of the ovaries;

Sensitivity during ovulation;

Stagnation during menstruation.

There are many dangerous situations that accompany pain in the lower abdomen. Symptoms of a different nature that accompany this problem can help determine its cause. Pain is characterized by its intensity and duration. It can be perceived as sharp, dull and aching, have the character of contractions or be constant.

Pain in various parts of the abdomen is the most common symptom with completely different ailments. The effectiveness of the chosen treatment depends on how quickly and reliably the diagnosis is made.

Inflammation of the appendages and uterus

Inflammatory processes in the genitals in women often begin with fever and acute pain in the lower abdomen.

Adnexitis (inflammation of the appendages) causes pain in the lower abdomen in women on the left or right, depending on where the inflamed ovary is located.

When endometritis occurs, the pain is mainly localized in the lower abdomen in the middle. As a rule, the disease begins acutely, with a noticeable increase in temperature, signs of intoxication and pain.

Dull pain in the lower abdomen is indicative of the chronic course of these ailments. At the same time, women feel heaviness in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe appendages, with palpation, a seal is felt, and soreness of the uterus is manifested.

To cure inflammation of the female genital organs, a course of antibiotics, vitamins and suppositories with an anti-inflammatory effect (in case of adnexitis) is prescribed.

endometriosis

Genital endometriosis can affect the uterus, adnexa, and the area behind the cervix. Endometriosis is the spread of endometrial cells outside the uterus. Pain occurs before the start of the regulation and noticeably intensifies during their course.

With a disease of the uterus, pain is localized in the central part of the lower abdomen, appendages - in the left or right side. Pain may be aggravated by adhesions in the organs. Often there are disorders of the menstrual cycle, the volume and composition of the discharge changes. The disease often leads to infertility.

The traditional treatment for endometriosis is to prescribe a course of hormonal drugs, very rarely there is a need for surgery.

Ovarian apoplexy

Ovarian hemorrhage can occur in the middle of the monthly cycle, and it is directly related to ovulation. The rupture of the main follicle occurs with the destruction of the blood vessels of the ovary, causing an outpouring of blood in its tissues and the abdominal cavity.

Bleeding can be triggered by hard sexual intercourse or excessive physical exertion. Internal hemorrhage causes pain in the lower abdomen in women on the left or right, depending on which ovary is affected. In this case, you can notice the pallor of the skin, a sharp decrease in pressure, often there is a loss of consciousness. In such cases, urgent surgery is necessary.

uterine fibroids

Quite often, abdominal pain appears when uterine fibroids occur, which is a benign tumor. With a significant size, the fibroid begins to compress neighboring organs, which causes periodic pain in the lower abdomen, which are aching, squeezing or dull in nature.

With the release of the myomatous node, pain in the abdomen takes the form of contractions and is accompanied by significant hemorrhage. In both cases, urgent surgery is required.

Torsion of the base of an ovarian cyst

With sudden movements and heavy physical work, twisting of the base of the ovarian cyst is possible. When the angle of twist reaches ninety degrees, a violation of the outflow of venous fluid occurs in it, edema forms. The pains are aching in nature.

When twisting 360 degrees, severe pains begin in the lower abdomen, from the side of the location of the cyst, in the form of contractions, intoxication of the body rapidly develops (nausea, vomiting, temperature rises). In such cases, there is a need for urgent surgery to remove the cyst.

appendicitis, intestinal inflammation

Pain in the lower abdomen in women on the left can warn of the presence of inflammation of the lower sections of the large intestine. Symptoms of the onset of appendicitis are: subfebrile fever, pain, first occurring in the epigastric region, then passing into the right iliac region, intoxication of the body and significant weakness.

Appetite often worsens, stomach upset, vomiting occur. If urgent surgical care is not provided in a timely manner, the development of peritonitis and even death is predicted.

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder usually begins when there are stones of various consistency in it. The malaise can often occur in an acute form, with fever, nausea and vomiting, pain in the right ribs and in the lower abdomen.

cystitis, pyelonephritis

Many have a bowel disorder that also causes pain, cramping, loose stools, bloating, and increased gas. In such cases, a diet is prescribed that limits the use of spicy, spicy and fried foods, raw vegetables and fruits, milk and black bread.

If the diet does not bring results, you will have to take medications.

In certain cases, pain in the left abdomen can manifest itself as a result of a pinched diaphragmatic hernia, which is quite common in older people due to muscle weakness. In simple cases, its reduction and wearing a bandage helps, sometimes surgical intervention is necessary.

Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract and bladder;

Laparoscopy.

Sometimes there is a need to consult other specialists: surgeons, neurologists, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists and psychotherapists.

To eliminate the causes of pain, it is necessary to treat the disease that caused them. It can be as simple as diet and lifestyle changes, taking prescribed medications or hormones.

With the rapid and urgent development of the disease, surgical treatment may be required.

It must be remembered that if abdominal pain occurs, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible to exclude life-threatening consequences.

Pain in the left side of the lower abdomen often causes malaise, a violation of general well-being. Its nature may be different and is determined directly by the cause. Often, pain is observed in women with gynecological diseases.

Lower abdomen hurts on the left - causes

To figure out why the lower abdomen hurts on the left, doctors are forced to conduct more than one instrumental examination. Among the main causes of pain syndrome, the following groups of pathologies can be distinguished:

• gynecological;
• urological;
• gastroenteric;
• surgical pathologies of the pelvic organs.

This localization of painful sensations may indicate inflammatory processes in the organs located on the left side of the body. This:

• spleen;
• small intestine;
• colon;
• colon;
• organs of the genitourinary system (ureter);
• left ovary, part of the uterus.

Drawing pain in the left side of the lower abdomen

Aching pain in the left side of the lower abdomen is characteristic of purulent pathologies of the pelvic organs. Such pain is characterized by a debilitating long course, but of low intensity. Drawing pain in the left side of the abdomen can occur with inflammation of the female and male genital organs, as well as with infringement of hernias. Increasing pain in the left side can be triggered by tumor growth. When diagnosing to determine the cause of pain, the presence of other symptoms is taken into account:

• fever;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea;

Stitching pain in the left side of the lower abdomen

Stitching and cutting pain in the left side of the lower abdomen is a sign of damage to the kidneys and intestines. A variety of stabbing pain can be shooting, which indicates an inflammatory process in the lower back, joints, and spine. Stitching pains in the lower abdomen can also be observed with increased gas formation in the intestines. As a result, after going to the toilet, such pain goes away on its own. However, this type of pain should not be neglected, as they often indicate an acute pathology (cyst rupture, appendicitis).

Throbbing pain in the left side of the lower abdomen

Severe pain in the left side of the lower abdomen is often provoked by intestinal disease. In women, a similar situation may indicate gynecological diseases:

• - multiple ovarian cysts;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• - inflammation of the uterine appendages.

In men, the cause of throbbing pain in the lower abdomen on the left can be colitis - inflammation of the large intestine. In such cases, in addition to pain, the patient complains of other symptoms:

• diarrhea
• flatulence;
• false urge to defecate.

The cause of pain in the left side of the lower abdomen may be associated with intestinal obstruction. This pathology is characterized by constipation, bloating. With a pronounced violation, the patient has an asymmetry of the abdomen due to the accumulation of gases in the intestines. During the visit to the doctor, there are frequent complaints of periodic nausea and pain in the lower abdomen, which intensifies over time.

Sharp pain in the left side of the lower abdomen

Acute sharp pain in the left side of the lower abdomen is often a sign of inflammation of the appendix - appendicitis. In this case, the pain is localized mainly in the left region, but it can radiate to the limbs. There is a clinic of acute abdomen: tension of the anterior abdominal wall, the abdomen becomes stone to the touch, not palpable. Against the background of severe pain, a depressed state may develop, accompanied by confusion. Surgical care in this pathology is the basis of treatment.

Among other possible causes of pain in the left side of the lower abdomen, it is necessary to highlight:

• bladder disease;
• inflammation or rupture of ligaments;
• urolithiasis.

Dull pain in the left side of the lower abdomen

When women have pain in the lower abdomen on the left, doctors try to exclude gynecological pathologies. Women of reproductive age are more likely to experience such a disease. Often, patients complain that after menstruation, their lower abdomen hurts on the left. In addition, painful sensations appear during intercourse. Long-term examination is required to diagnose the disease. Among the frequent pathologies with similar symptoms, it is necessary to highlight:

• endometriosis;
• ovarian cyst;
• adnexitis;
• cystitis.

In addition to gynecological diseases, dull pain in the left side of the lower abdomen may accompany other pathologies:

• phlebeurysm;
• expansion of the bladder;
• haemorrhoids;
• lymphadenitis.

Periodic pain in the left side of the lower abdomen

Periodic pain in the lower abdomen is often associated with physiological changes. Often women complain that they have pain in the lower abdomen on the left during menstruation. This situation may indicate various gynecological diseases, including:

• endometriosis;
• salpingitis;
• endometritis.

In most cases, women have pain in the lower abdomen on the left before menstruation for a short time: discomfort and pain disappear on their own. This fact complicates the process of diagnosis - the absence of symptoms makes the patient think that she is absolutely healthy. In some cases, the next appearance of pain can be observed with greater force, which indicates the progression of the pathology.

Pain in the lower abdomen on the left during pregnancy

Faced with a similar situation, expectant mothers try to find out on their own why the lower abdomen hurts on the left during pregnancy, but this is not always possible. Doctors are strictly forbidden to self-medicate and seek advice at the first symptoms, deterioration of health. Among the terrible complications of pregnancy with similar symptoms, an ectopic pregnancy is put forward in the first place.

Pain in the left side of the lower abdomen in this case may be due to the implantation of the fetal egg in the left fallopian tube. For unknown reasons, the fertilized egg begins the process of implantation before reaching the uterine cavity. Further development of such a pregnancy can lead to rupture of the fallopian tube, so the only treatment is termination of pregnancy.

After childbirth, the lower abdomen hurts on the left

When the lower abdomen hurts on the left of a woman who has recently become a mother, doctors can consider this situation as a variant of the norm. In the first days after childbirth, there is an active contraction of the uterus and pelvic muscles, which may be accompanied by painful sensations. This process is promoted by increased production of the hormone oxytocin. Gradually, the uterus returns to its previous state, acquires normal size and shape.

The second factor causing pain in the left side of the lower abdomen after childbirth is lactation. Stimulation of the mother's nipples during breastfeeding enhances the synthesis of oxytocin, which was discussed above. The uterus contracts even more actively, causing mild soreness of an intermittent nature. Normally, pain should disappear a month after childbirth. Otherwise, a consultation with a gynecologist is necessary.

After sex, the lower abdomen hurts on the left

Pain in the abdomen after intercourse is a sign of pathology. When pain occurs (the left side of the lower abdomen in a woman), doctors first exclude a cyst of the left ovary. This benign formation may not bother a woman for a long time: functional cysts can disappear on their own after 2-3 menstrual cycles. However, to determine the type of formation, its size, you must contact a gynecologist. To minimize pain during sex, you must adhere to the position of the woman on top.

Pain in the lower abdomen on the left when pressed

Soreness, aggravated by palpation, pressing on the area of ​​pain, indicates an acute inflammatory process. However, a thorough examination is required to determine the exact cause. If, when pressed, the lower abdomen hurts on the left, doctors exclude the following pathologies:

• acute appendicitis;
• acute gastritis;
• stomach ulcer;
• Crohn's disease;
• cholecystitis;
• poisoning;
• pathology of the pelvic organs (adnexitis, salpingoophoritis, endometritis).

Pain in left lower abdomen when moving

Pain in the abdomen often provoke diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, intestines, stomach. Increased pain when walking is caused by the involvement of the muscles of the small pelvis and abdominals. This area of ​​the body has a good blood supply and innervation, so pain can occur even with minor lesions of the internal organs. Often the difficulty of diagnosis may be due to the lack of a clear clinical picture. If the lower abdomen hurts when walking on the left, it is necessary to exclude:

• food poisoning;
• diseases of the heart and circulatory system;
• abdominal wall injury;
• diseases of the spine and nervous system;
• pathology of the urinary system, kidney disease.