It is difficult to overestimate the importance of a submersible pump in the water supply system of a country house, especially if the well is the only source of water. A competent choice and high-quality installation of a device for supplying water allows for a long and uninterrupted use of an autonomous system.
An excellent assistant for residents of rural areas, summer residents and owners of country houses are often submersible pumps Aquarius from the Promelectro company. A wide model range allows you to choose a pump that meets specific operating conditions, and the increased efficiency and adequate price of equipment make Vodoley pumps in demand among buyers.
Submersible pumps Aquarius - balance of price and quality
Submersible pumps "Vodoley" have been manufactured by the Kharkov company "Promelektro" since 1996. The enterprise manufactures a whole series of household electric pumps with a lifting height of up to 200 meters and a capacity of up to 12m3 / hour. Technical and operational characteristics allow the use of downhole equipment for pumping water from sand and artesian wells.
The advantages of Aquarius pumps include:
The price of a deep water pump depends on its technical characteristics and ranges from 7,500 to 17,500 rubles.
Submersible pumps Aquarius comply with the international safety standard IEC 335-1 and in terms of quality are not inferior to similar submersible pumps of European brands GRUNDFOS, CALPEDA and PEDROLLO. Among the manufacturers of the CIS countries in terms of quality, pricing policy, design, demand and reliability, Aquarius pumps have no analogues.
The device and principle of operation of the submersible pump Aquarius
Consider the device of a submersible pump Aquarius. The electric pump consists of a multistage pumping part, an electric motor and an external condenser box.
The electric motor is filled with oil and consists of a rotor, stator and rotating ball bearings.
The pumping part is represented by a monolithic unit, in which there are blade branches, impellers and guide wheels, as well as a drive shaft. A threaded female cap locks all parts in place. The cover has holes for fastening the equipment with a cable.
The impeller diameter determines the pump performance - the volume of water that the pump can raise in a certain period of time
A threaded female cap locks all parts in place. The cover has two holes for fastening the equipment with a cable.
The capacitor box contains the power cord and capacitors that ensure the operation of the electric pump.
The Aquarius pumps use reliable German automation that protects equipment during critical operating modes. An external device for remote control is connected to the power cord.
The principle of operation of the submersible pump Aquarius of the centrifugal type is as follows. As a result of the rotation of the impeller, kinetic energy is generated, which is transferred to the blades and acts on the particles of matter, that is, water. The liquid in the area of the impeller rises to the upper part of the pump casing, and the new one, under pressure, enters its place. The passage of water is supported by constantly rotating wheels.
Borehole pumps Aquarius: models and their characteristics
The Promelectro company produces various series of submersible pumps Aquarius. All the most significant characteristics of the model can be found from the name of the pump itself. For example, pump BTsPE-0.5-32U 60/47:
- BTsPE - household centrifugal submersible pump;
- 0.5 - equipment productivity (0.5 l / s);
- 32 - nominal head at nominal volumetric flow, indicated in meters;
- 60 - the highest productivity (60 l / min or 3600 l / h);
- 47 - the height of water rise at maximum pressure.
All centrifugal submersible pumps for the Aquarius well are classified by performance into four groups:
- BTsPE-0.32;
- BTsPE-0.5;
- BTsPE-1,2;
- BTsPE-1.6.
Pumps series BTsPE-0.32 designed to work in marginal wells, wells with a diameter of 120 mm.
Pumps BTsPE-0.32 are suitable for household use if water consumption does not exceed 2 m3 / hour. It should be noted that the nominal water flow rate in normal mode is about 1.15 m3 / h
The assortment of the series includes nine models that differ in the nominal pressure, power consumption, dimensions and cost. Let us consider the technical characteristics of a submersible pump aquarius using the example of the BTsPE-0.32-63U model:
- productivity - 0.32 m3 / s;
- head at rated flow - 63 m;
- voltage - 220 V;
- network frequency - 50 Hz;
- maximum head - 90 m;
- rated power consumption - 1000 W;
- consumed current - 4.5 A;
- a 400 V capacitor has a capacitance of 32 mKF;
- device weight - about 17 kg;
- number of work steps - 11;
- the approximate price of a deep pump 63 U series BTsPE-0.32 - 10,500 rubles.
Each set of pumps of this brand includes a strong nylon cable for mounting the pump in the well and a long electric cable.
Submersible pumps series BTsPE-0.5 have an additional function - protection of the electric motor from overheating. The submersible unit can be used both in an automatic water supply system and in manual mode.
Pumps of the BTsPE-0.5 series can be used in borehole and wells with an incoming water volume of at least 25 m3 / hour and a diameter of 110 cm. In addition, such pumping equipment is suitable for pumping water from mine wells, reservoirs and open reservoirs
The series reads eight modifications of pumps: the lowest rated head - 16 meters, the highest - 100. Consider the characteristics of the pump of a deep Aquarius 16 from the BTsPE-0.5 series:
- productivity - 0.5 m3 / s;
- head at rated flow - 16 m;
- voltage - 220 V;
- network frequency - 50 Hz;
- consumed current - 1.8 A;
- maximum head - 27m;
- rated power consumption - 400 W;
- rotation speed - 2800 rpm;
- device weight - about 8 kg;
- a 400 V capacitor has a capacity of 14 mKF;
- number of work steps - 3;
- estimated cost - 7000 rubles.
Pumps of this series are able to provide uninterrupted water supply for irrigation of gardens, vegetable gardens and household needs.
Deep aggregates Aquarius BTsPE-1,2 can be used in wells and wells with an internal diameter of 120 mm. It is recommended to use the pump to supply water with a temperature not exceeding 35 ° C.
The water should not have a salinity of more than 1500 g / m3 and contain a large amount of sand. Pumping acidic, alkaline solutions and liquids is prohibited.
The series is represented by eight models (minimum delivery head - 12 meters, maximum - 80). Technical characteristics of different modifications are presented in the table.
The highest performance is possessed by pumps from the series BTsPE-1.6. The equipment is produced in three models with a total head at a nominal flow of 25, 32 and 40 meters.
Technical characteristics of BTsPE-1.6-40U: video
Installation and connection of the pump Aquarius
When installing BPTSE Aquarius, some general recommendations for the installation and operation of submersible pumps should be taken into account:
- The remote condensing box should be located under a shed or indoors.
- During operation, the pump must be completely submerged in water.
- The distance from the pump to the bottom of the well is at least 40 cm.
- The first turn on of the electric pump can be done no earlier than 5-10 minutes after the equipment is completely immersed in water.
Consider in stages the process of installing and connecting the Aquarius pump:
Gently lower the electric pump into the water, holding the cable and pipeline. Care must be taken to ensure that the power cord does not experience tension.
Before turning on the pump, make sure it is completely immersed in water.
Subsurface pump service
Submersible pumps Aquarius are designed for a long period of service, and the uninterrupted operation already depends on the user himself. Compliance with the operating rules and periodic inspection is a guarantee that the pump will work for many years.
The pump should be pulled out of the shaft and inspected every two years. It is necessary to lift the unit as carefully as possible so as not to break the pump flask against the walls of the well. The removed pump is checked for cracks and chips. The appearance of such defects can lead to the expansion of water during the freezing of the source.
The motor axis should rotate smoothly and easily. If the motor shaft turns with difficulty, then the bearings must be replaced. If necessary, add oil and oil seal. The motor winding should be inspected for signs of overheating.
Disassembly of the submersible pump Aquarius must be carried out carefully - the cable insulation becomes fragile over time and can be easily damaged
With reduced pressure, the impellers must be replaced - most likely they are worn out. It is better to entrust this work to specialists.
Possible pump breakdowns and the procedure for their elimination
Consider possible malfunctions, causes and procedures for their elimination.
The pump does not start.
Possible causes and remedies:
Decreased pump performance.
- pipeline rupture and fastening failure - raise the pump and check the integrity of the pipeline, eliminate defects;
- filter holes are clogged - raise the pump and clean the filters;
- a sharp drop in voltage - ensure the normal voltage - 220V.
The protective device is triggered after a short time.
Let us analyze in stages the repair of the aquarius deep pump if the unit is clogged:
- Remove the protective grid. If it is attached with a special clip, then you need to press down a little in the middle and pry the mesh with a screwdriver. On some models, the mesh is fastened with two ordinary screws, which are simple enough to unscrew.
- Remove the cable duct - a metal gutter that protects the cable from damage. This element is present in wide pump models.
- Separate the pumping part from the engine - unscrew the four bolts with a 10 wrench and remove the plastic couplings.
- Lay the disassembled structure neatly on a horizontal surface.
- Turn the shaft with a socket wrench while holding the upper part of the device.
- Flush the pump thoroughly and put it back together.
How to choose the right pump Aquarius
The correct choice of the pump is the key to its long-term operation. When choosing the optimal model, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the well and observe some conditions:
- the flow rate of the well must exceed the pump performance, since over time the flow rate of the source decreases due to silting;
- determine the required head of the electric pump based on the distance from the water intake point to the accumulator and the head loss in the horizontal section of the pipeline.
From the graph of the pressure characteristics, you can determine the suitable equipment model.
Drilling a well by itself does not mean a complete solution to the problem of water supply at home. Even if you are very lucky, and a good-quality artesian well has a certain water pressure that raises it to the surface, it will clearly not be enough for the functioning of an autonomous water supply system. In addition to the fact that the pressure of the water column must ensure the passage of liquid through all vertical and horizontal communication sections, it is necessary to create its mandatory reserve of at least 2.5 atmospheres so that all household appliances (water heaters, boilers, washing machines and dishwashers, etc. .) worked correctly. Be that as it may, you cannot do without a pump.
Before choosing a pump for a well, you need to get a certain idea of the variety of such equipment, its design and operational features, criteria for evaluating the models offered for sale. It will be a shame to purchase a pump that simply cannot cope with the responsibilities assigned to it. Probably, the situation will be no less unpleasant when it is acquired absolutely unnecessary"Fancy" model, the functionality of which remains simply unclaimed. And in fact, and in another case, it is money wasted. In short, you need to go to the store with a clear idea of which pump will be optimal in a particular situation.
To begin with, it is worth figuring out what borehole pumps are. First of all, they can be divided into two large groups - surface and submersible.
Surface pumps
The name itself speaks for itself - such an installation for pumping water is installed outside the well, on the surface of the earth, and is connected to the water horizon by pipes or flexible hoses.
It would seem that such a scheme has much more advantages - the mechanisms are always in sight, easy to control and periodic maintenance, there is no need to stretch long power cables to the place of water intake, worrying about the quality of wire insulation. Installations - under supervision or located in locked rooms, that is, the likelihood of their theft by intruders is significantly reduced.
However, the superficial scheme of the installation is fraught with many drawbacks. First of all, these are much more modest indicators for the created water pressure - they are simply incomparable with similar parameters. In addition, the noise factor cannot be ruled out - the installation of pumping equipment in the house will most likely require a separate room.
What types of pumps can be classified as surface pumps:
Hand pumps
The mention of the hand pump-columns familiar from childhood, probably, will bring a smile to many, but meanwhile they are still actively used and, for sure, they still have a future. By no means in all situations a constant flow of water is necessary - it may be sufficient to have a one-time supply of it (for example, points of collective use - in settlements, garden associations, garages, etc.). It is for such cases that hand pumps are used, which are extremely simple and reliable.
Manual dispenser - such pumps have not yet lost their relevance Their working scheme is simple - a piston, a cylinder and two valves, air and water, working in antiphase. The muscular force is transmitted through the lever to the suction mechanism, which allows you to collect the right amount of water.
No dependence on an energy source - often this is the only possible option for organizing irrigation in suburban garden plots where electricity has not yet been supplied. It is only necessary to drill a not particularly deep and laborious Abyssinian well. Install such a column - and the issue will be resolved. Often, this is also installed in a common system with an electric one, through a tee, with the ability to switch as needed - there will always be a backup source of water in case of problems with power supply.
The manual column can be mounted directly on the well (in the case of an Abyssinian well), or it can have a pipe that goes down into the water horizon.
Self-priming surface pumps
All other pumps discussed in this publication will be electrically driven. For the sake of fairness, it can be noted that pumping units with a power plant based on internal combustion engines, the so-called motor pumps, exist and are actively used, but they, most often, do not have pronounced domestic use.
So, family considerationsuperficialelectric pumps, which are designed to take water from a well, it is worth starting from the simplest self-priming systems.
The body of such pumps never comes into external contact with water and does not need special protection, which greatly simplifies their design. They are connected to the water source by sleeves or stationary pipes, and a prerequisite is the presence of a check valve - when "airing" they simply will not cope with the task.
They do not have a drive cooling system, and this is their vulnerability - if overlooked, there is a high probability of overheating. The design does not have any special complications, control mechanisms and control - only switching on and engine shutdown. Thus, to organize an automatic control system for the operation of the water supply system, additional equipment will inevitably be required.
Such pumps do not differ in high operational indicators. The average level of water pressure created by them does not usually exceed 8 ÷ 10 meters, which will clearly not be enough for organizing a home water supply network. At best, they can be applied to the simplest domestic water supply system - with the filling of a storage tank installed in the upper part of the building, from which water flows to the distribution points without pressure, by gravity.
In short, although it is inexpensive, it is far from the best option for providing a residential building with water. The scope of application of such pumps in a private household is, rather, the organization of a temporary irrigation system for a site from a well or natural reservoir.
Home pumping stations
This technique is already much more serious, since it is adapted specifically for the tasks of organizing autonomous water supply in a residential building. In addition to self-primingpump, the station must be equipped hydroaccumulator- a membrane tank of a certain capacity, which will constantly maintain the required pressure in the domestic water supply network.
Based on this, control devices and control mechanisms are included in the general design of such stations, which turn on the drive when the pressure drops in the system to replenish the water supply, and turn off the power when the required pressure level is reached.
The main problems still remain unresolved - high noise and insufficient productivity of the pumping part of the station, which does not allow water to be raised from significant depths - the use is limited to a fence from Abyssinian or sand wells up to 10 meters deep.
More modern models are also available, with fully electronic control and the ability to program some operating parameters. Such pumping stations can be enclosed in a polymer casing, which partly solves the problems of increased noise and vibration.
Pumping stations with an ejector (injector)
But what if you still need to install a surface pump, but the water intake depth is from 10 to 25 meters? There is a way out - in this case, self-priming pumping stations equipped with an ejector (external) or injection (built-in) mechanism will help.
In this case, an additional water circuit with a pipe of a smaller section is formed in the water intake system, through which liquid is pumped at high speed. The vacuum created by it in the ejector creates additional pressure in the main intake pipe.
This leads to an increase in the head - such installations can already operate at considerable depths. True, this leads to a general decrease in the performance of the pump itself, since part of the water is sent back for circulation along the ejector circuit. But the "golden mean", which suits both the water column and the productivity, can still often be chosen.
Another big disadvantage is that they are even noisier than conventional self-priming ones, that is, they will definitely require soundproofed premises.
If this option is also unacceptable, there is no choice but to choose a pump for a submersible well.
Video: the device and operation of the pumping station
Prices for popular models of surface pumps
Surface pumps
Submersible pumps
The main feature of such pumps is already stipulated in their name - they are always located in the water column (in a well or in a well) and are connected to the water intake by a system of pipes and hoses. They are powered by a long, well-insulated cable.
The scheme of their installation also predetermines their characteristic design features. They always have a reliable waterproof metal case, made of corrosion-resistant alloys, with effective waterproofing of detachable parts and assemblies. There must be a hooking device for attaching a safety cable, on which the pump is lowered to the water intake.
The overwhelming majority of pumps are equipped with built-in filters (screens) that prevent solid suspensions from entering the mechanism and pipes of an unacceptable size for this model. Many pumps, in addition, have a built-in check valve, which greatly simplifies its installation in a domestic water supply system. If not, then usually a special threaded connection is provided for installing the valve device.
Submersible pumps have many advantages. These include:
- Quiet operation - sound vibrations are damped by a layer of water.
- Such mechanisms are not afraid of thermal drops or freezing - the same temperature is almost always maintained in the aquifer of the well.
- At the same time, they are not afraid of overheating - the water pumped through them effectively cools the operating units.
- Such pumps have much higher productivity and the created head. Some models of submersible pumps (deep) are capable of lifting water to a height of 100 meters or more.
The disadvantages are as follows:
- Certain difficulties with the installation of such equipment, which often require the involvement of specialists.
- The need to lay a high-quality, safe power line, sometimes over fairly long distances.
- Difficulties with monitoring the operation of equipment, with carrying out preventive or repair work, each time requiring the pump to be removed from the well.
The overwhelming majority has a characteristic cylindrical shape, representing a metal column with a height of half a meter to 2, 5 m... but according to the principle of operation, they can differ significantly.
Vibrating Submersible Pumps
Simple in design, reliable, inexpensive, these pumps have won very wide popularity among the owners of country houses. They cannot "boast" of great performance, but for household and garden needs it is often quite enough.
The principle of operation is as follows. Electric current, passing through the coil windings, causes a periodic, with a certain frequency, attraction of the armature, to which the membrane (diaphragm) and the piston are connected through the rod. The rapid reciprocating movements of this mechanism create a vacuum in the working cylinder, and water through the valve system is sucked from the well into the pump itself and is transmitted through the outlet pipe to the points of consumption. The absence of rotating assemblies predetermines the high mechanical reliability of the pump, and the simplicity of the electrical circuit, completely filled with a waterproof compound, guarantees its long-term trouble-free and safe operation.
Some models of vibration pumps are capable of creating a water column of 20 or even more meters. The pump is light, it can be lowered into the well even with a nylon cord. Their power consumption is minimal. — pronounced advantages such devices
There are drawbacks to such mechanisms, and they are very significant. Such pumps are quite noisy, but the main thing is that the vibration waves generated by them can eventually lead to the destruction of the wellbore or erosion of the clay bottom and walls, and rather rapid siltation of the aquifer. It is recommended to use such pumps only in sandy wells, with certain precautions to prevent excessive water turbidity and sand getting into the water intake holes. Ideally, they are more suitable, nevertheless, for wells, dressed in concrete rings, and for a well it would be wiser to choose a pump of a different principle of operation.
Video: vibration pump characteristics
Centrifugal submersible pumps
The most common borehole pumps are centrifugal. They represent a cylinder with an electric drive located inside. A vane turbine is installed on the rotor axis of the engine, which rotates in a working chamber, which has a peculiar "snail" shape, with a feed pipe in the center and an outlet pipe at the periphery.
The rapid rotation of the turbine causes the action of centrifugal forces, which throw the flow of incoming water (shown by green arrows in the diagram) from the center to the walls of the working chamber.
As a result, a significant pressure difference is created - from vacuum in the region of the axis of rotation (blue area) to increased - to the edges of the blades (in the figure - a gradual transition to red). This ensures both a constant flow of water from the supply pipe and the required pressure at the outlet.
A similar scheme of operation is used in most surface pumps, but there the required parameters of the outlet pressure can be achieved by increasing the diameter of the working chamber. In borehole pumps, where the dimensions are strictly limited, this issue is solved differently. Achievement of high indicators of the water column occurs by sequential installation of several chambers on one axis of the drive.
The water pressure created by one chamber is a kind of "support" for the next one - and so on. As a result, the output head is the sum of the total effort of all impellers.
The number of working chambers also predetermines the total height of the "column" of the pump The number of chambers can be different - from two or three and even up to several dozen - this determines the height of the "column" of the submersible borehole pump and its operational characteristics.
This scheme fully justifies itself - such pumps are capable of lifting water from very great depths. their advantages also include quiet operation, the absence of significant vibrations, a wide choice in a wide range of the created water column and productivity.
The main disadvantages are the complexity of the installation, especially in deep wells, the need for fairly frequent maintenance, and considerable cost.
Video: modern borehole centrifugal pumps
Screw pumps
Screw-type downhole pumps are not widespread, but, nevertheless, are on sale.
Their working part consists of two main parts.
A rotor of a complex spiral shape is eccentrically mounted on the shaft of the electric drive. It rotates in the cavity of the stator, which also has a complex geometry with one or two helix starts. The stator housing is usually made of elastomer - rubber, which ensures a snug fit of the rotor hinges. Thus, a certain number of cavities filled with water are always present in the working cylinder of the pump. When rotating, the screw pr pushes these volumes from the inlet to the outlet. In this case, the total volume of liquid in the cylinder never changes, which makes it possible to maintain an even, stable pressure of the water column.
Such pumps can easily cope even with highly viscous liquids, which predetermines them prevalence in a production environment. However, there are also models for raising water from wells.
The scheme of such pumps is effective - they are capable of lifting water from considerable depths, about 40 — 50 meters. However, the presence of units with increased friction quickly enough leads to their wear, which requires regular maintenance with replacement of parts. What is quite acceptable and justified in a production environment will bring a lot of trouble with the private use of such equipment.
Vortex pumps
Another scheme that is used in both surface and submersible pumps. The special shape of the wheel creates not only the centrifugal acceleration of the pumped ox, but also its powerful turbulent flow, which significantly increases the head at the outlet.
The advantages of such a scheme are high performance, low noise, relative simplicity of the device, which also predetermines a lower price in comparison with centrifugal ones of the same power.
The pumps are not afraid of "airing" - in principle, they can even be used for pumping gas-liquid variances.
However, significant disadvantages - low durability and special requirements for the purity of the pumped water, seriously limit the widespread use of vortex pumps - they are clearly inferior to centrifugal pumps.
Prices for a range of submersible pumps
Submersible pumps
What criteria should be followed when choosing a pump
So, what parameters, in addition to the schematic diagram of the pump operation, should be evaluated when choosing it:
- Supply voltage and power consumption. If everything is clear with the first value - as a rule, all borehole pumps of a household level are powered from 220 V, then the power is a special issue, since it corresponds to the existing capabilities of the electrical network, installed fittings (automatic, RCD) and cable part. An important addition - some pumps (in particular centrifugal) do not like voltage surges, therefore, additional installation of a stabilizer may be required.
- Maximum head (height of the water column) - the parameter will be specified in the technical documentation of the product. pressure and have at least another 10% reserve. This issue should be considered in more detail.
There are special
If you want to have free water on your own site in any amount, then you should start by drilling a mine to the aquifer. The second step will be to install a submersible pump in the well. It is the correct operation of such equipment that will guarantee high-quality watering of garden plants, the uninterrupted functioning of the washing machine and dishwasher, a bathroom and a bathroom.
Deep well pumps have different capacities, sizes and other parameters. In this article, we will look at the main selection criteria. Installing the optimal equipment will save you many problems in the future and will give you confidence in the constant presence of H2O in your area.
General Provisions
In order to successfully pump out water from wells, wells or other reservoirs, there are the following types of pumps:
- Self-priming... Such equipment is installed on the surface and sometimes looks like a full-fledged pumping station. They cope well with sandy wells that have a relatively shallow depth.
- Submersible... They have a large capacity, the volume of pumped out liquid and the height of the head column. Structurally, they are able to penetrate even very narrow mines. Ideal for artesian wells.
Selection and installation
Since a deep well pump is best suited for wells, let's move on to the rules for choosing it. To do this, first of all, it is necessary to determine where the water supply is required and in what quantity.
Correct criteria
- Pump performance. The amount of liquid that it can distill in one hour.
- Head height. The force of the liquid push is selected in accordance with the depth of the mine and its distance from the house.
- Well debit. The real volume of water that can be provided by an aquifer in an hour of continuous supply.
In this regard, you should start choosing pumping equipment after you finish drilling the well and provide a technical passport with all the necessary data.
It should contain:
- Shaft diameter. What the diameter of the submersible will depend on.
- Static and dynamic water levels. The first is formed in the case of a structure idleness, and the second - with its active use.
- Well productivity, which is measured by the amount of transferred cubic meters of fluid per hour.
- Mine depth. It significantly affects the required head.
You should not purchase a submersible pump that is too powerful for two reasons:
- Its price will be much higher, but why overpay?
- If its productivity turns out to be greater than the productivity of the well, then it will not have time to fill with water. Because of this, dry running will follow, which, in the absence of special protection, will lead to engine burnout.
Thus, we now know that the maximum power should not exceed the amount of water inflow. What affects the minimum?
Let's consider:
- The size of your family. On average, one adult requires about 1000 liters per day. Multiply this number by the number of permanent residents and you will know your home's daily water requirement.
- The presence and area of the garden. Watering crops usually takes up to 2000 liters of the required liquid.
- The number of simultaneously used consumption points.
Here is an approximate list of them with a standard flow, measured in m 3 / hour:
- sink - 0.7;
- bathroom - 1.2;
- bidet - 0.3;
- shower room - 0.8;
- dishwashing machine - 0.6;
- washstand - 0.3;
- washing machine - 0.8;
- bathroom - 0.4
So, to start the washing machine and fill the bath at the same time, you will need equipment with a capacity of at least 2000 m 3 / hour. But, do not forget that there may be a need at this time to wash the dishes and go to the toilet.
In addition to the power that we choose based on the capabilities of the well and the needs of the residents, it is also important to select the correct pressure head to which the fluid supply will be required.
We perform calculations as follows:
- Take the height of the house and add 6 meters to it.
- The resulting amount is multiplied by the coefficient of pressure loss during movement through the pipeline. It is equal to 1.15.
- Now add the depth of the shaft to the surface of the water mirror. We take this value from the technical data sheet provided by the drilling company.
- Next, you should take into account the distance of the well from the building that needs water supply. It is generally accepted that 10 m horizontally equals 1 m vertically.
Suppose that the height of your house is 7 m, the depth of the mine is 30 m, and the distance from the water intake points is 20 m. Substitute: (7 + 6) * 1.15 + 30 + 2 = 46.95. That is, a pump is required, the head of which is at least 47 m.
The most important is the calculation of the water delivery height, rather than the pump power. Since it is rare when all points of water consumption are open, but a miscalculation with pressure can lead to a complete absence of H 2 O in the water supply system.
Advice: if there is a possibility of an error in calculating the performance of the equipment, it is recommended to install a diaphragm tank.
With it, it will be possible to set the pressure level, which will avoid water hammer along with frequent switching on and off of the engine.
Installation
How to install a submersible pump in a well? To do this, you will need the device itself, a metal-plastic pipe of the required length, an adapter, a steel cable and an electric cable with waterproofing.
The installation instructions look like this:
- We fasten a special nipple to the pump outlet, sealing the connection with a "winding". It will serve as an adapter for the casing thread.
- We align the polyethylene pipe with our own hands as much as possible before fixing. This will allow the device to be lowered as evenly as possible.
- We connect the power cable. In this case, it is required to provide waterproofing as best as possible using a special corrugation or heat shrink tubes.
Tip: When buying equipment, immediately check for the presence of a wire.
Because usually it is not included in the package and therefore must be purchased separately.
- We tie a steel cable to the lugs specially designed for this, located on the pump housing. From above it can be attached to a winch mounted on a tripod. This will facilitate the submersion of the apparatus to great depths and will immediately become the answer to the question of how to get the deep-well pump out of the well for maintenance.
- Now the pipe, cable and cable are firmly connected with each other with special clamps so that we get one solid track.
- We lower the unit. The places where it clings to the walls are carefully overcome with rotational movements.
- We fix the position of the pump below the dynamic water level, but at a height of at least one meter from the bottom. This will prevent sand and other small particles from being sucked into the system.
- We install a knee on top that guides the pipe towards the house and tightly close the shaft to prevent oxygen and atmospheric precipitation from entering it, which contribute to the corrosion process.
- We dig a trench to the building with a depth below the freezing of the soil. Depending on the region, it can vary from fifty centimeters to one and a half meters.
- We connect it to the water supply system at home and use clean and free water from the well.
The presence of an autonomous water supply system in a summer cottage or in a private house is a huge plus in their arrangement. The owner does not depend on the pumping stations - he has his own at his disposal. There are many installations for pumping water: surface, deep well pumps. If you have doubts about which one to choose, see how the installation is done by hand (installation using the example of a grundfos pump).
Varieties of pumps and their classification
The main function of the submersible pump is to extract the water mass from the bowels of the earth and transport it to the consumer in living quarters or outbuildings (kitchen, shower, toilet). Also, with its help, watering of the site or greenhouse is carried out, and the filling of reserve tanks.
Submersible pumps have a small cylindrical casing. They practically do not take up space on the site. There are 2 types of these pumps:
- Industrial. Used by businesses. Due to the high power, they can lift water from a depth of up to 100 meters. They have impressive dimensions.
- Household. They are used in private houses or summer cottages, can be installed independently, are compact and relatively powerful.
Advice. Please consult a specialist before installation. The power of the selected pump will depend on the depth of the water.
Also, pumps differ in the way they are installed.
- Submersible pump. The device is completely immersed in water, a pressure hose is withdrawn from it, with the help of which it is connected to the water supply.
- Surface pump. The device is located outside the water surface, 2 hoses are withdrawn from it: pressure (supplies water to the water supply system) and suction (ensures the suction of liquid into the pumping unit).
In addition to the difference in the field of application and the installation scheme of the pumps, there is also a classification by the type of design and the principle of operation:
Centrifugal pumps. Used at any time of the year. The hydraulic mechanism is applied. The water supply is carried out by rotating the wheels located near the engine. The working part (wheels) is made of dense plastic or stainless steel, which ensures a low weight of the structure. Resistant to abrasives (sand and clay). The installation of this equipment provides for the presence of a coarse water filter from sand particles and stones. It is cooled by the water passing through the body, therefore it is installed according to the recessed principle. These pumps are equipped with a temperature sensor that automatically turns off the device in case of overheating. The only drawback of the equipment is its high cost, compared to the vortex one.
Advice. If you plan to live year-round in a country house, then it is better to choose a centrifugal pump.
Vortex or vibration pumps. Such equipment is not designed to supply large quantities of water. They are used only in shallow wells. Calculated for seasonal water consumption. The operation of the mechanism is carried out due to high-frequency vibrations that set in motion a mechanical piston, which ensures the suction of water into the apparatus. The advantages of this kind of equipment are low cost, compact dimensions, and minimal energy consumption. Cons - destroys the walls of the well due to prolonged vibration exposure, low power and low productivity.
Advice. To prevent the vortex pump from destroying the walls of the well, when it is installed, rubber rings are put on the body.
Depth-type pumping unit device
In order to properly carry out the installation of pumping equipment, you need to know which pump consists of what, how it assembles and works.
The main parts of the device are the engine and the pumping part. The engine is located in the lower part of the housing; during installation, special attention is paid to its waterproofing. The pumping part is a multistage mechanism that includes impellers, vane branches and a working shaft that drives them.
The product is cooled with the pumped-out water. External cooling occurs due to the passage of water masses between the pump casing and the walls of the well. Internal - when water flows directly through the unit.
Important! If it is not possible to install a pumping unit on the bottom or walls of a drilled well, then the well is equipped with asbestos pipes.
Among all water pumping devices, submersible pumps are the most popular. They have a number of advantages over other units:
- noiselessness of work;
- no interruptions in the supply of water;
- easy and quick installation;
- water intake at great depths;
- narrow cylindrical body shape;
- protection against engine overheating;
- made of anti-corrosion materials.
Advice. In order to choose any pump, it is necessary to take into account the shape and depth of the well. Subsequently, you will not waste time, effort and money on the installation of additional equipment.
In order to choose the right submersible pump, the following data must be taken into account:
- water consumption at each point of water intake and throughout the entire site in total;
- diameter and depth of the drilled well;
- geological data of the land plot (type of soil, depth of groundwater, etc.);
- the presence of electricity supply sources on the site.
The choice of a pump directly depends on the depth of the well and the occurrence of groundwater. If the aquifer is at a depth of 10 m or more, then you should choose a submersible pump. When purchasing a pump, choose a device with a capacity slightly exceeding the required one: later you can improve the water supply system without having to replace the water pumping device.
How the pumping device depends on the depth of the well
To select a pump, you need to look at the passport data of the well, all its parameters are indicated there. If you do not know the depth of the well, then you need to make measurements. Tie a weight to a dry (!!!) rope and lower it into the hole, remove the rope and use the wet mark to determine the distance from the ground to the water level in the well. By lowering the rope deeper, the depth of the hole can also be determined.
When purchasing a pump, be sure to read the instructions and the product passport. These documents indicate the pump power depending on the depth of the well.
- 30-60 meters. Installation of pumps in such conditions is carried out directly into the well. During installation, 2-3 check valves are additionally installed so that the raised water does not go back. Centrifugal pumps equipped with thermal protection are installed in such wells. The device is inserted into the well with the help of special equipment and fixed with a cable on the surface of the earth.
- 10-20 meters. When water is found at medium and shallow depths, a surface pump can be used, not a submersible pump. Such an apparatus is installed far from the source, and water is taken from it with the help of a hose.
Installation of a submersible device using the example of a GRUNDFOS submersible pump (grundfos)
Submersible pumps from Grandfos (grundfos) are equipped with submersible motors. Quiet operation of the engine is ensured by installed plain bearings lubricated with a special liquid anti-corrosion grease. The electrical part of the pump is filled with liquid, the maximum freezing point of which is -20 ° C and below. In order for the engine to work properly, it is necessary to constantly monitor the level of the fluid being filled in it. It is recommended to top up with SML-2 liquid only from Grunfos. To fill in an electric motor, use the following algorithm:
- Make sure that the motor is installed in a vertical position with a deviation of 10-12 °.
- Unscrew the plug with a screwdriver.
- Use a syringe to fill the engine with fluid.
- Distribute the liquid evenly over the surface of the engine capsule by rocking the device, the collected air will come out to the surface.
- Tighten the screw plug as tight as possible to prevent spillage.
- Place the motor in the pump housing.
In order for the pump motor to cool freely, it is necessary to control the temperature of the liquid to be filled and the minimum value of the water flow rate. To ensure free convection, the width of the well pipe is made 4-6 cm larger than the diameter of the pump body.
Important! Free convection of the motor is not permitted when deposits form on the pump housing.
Before installing the pump, make sure that it is disconnected from the mains after a possible check and that it cannot be accidentally turned on. All technical data of the product are described in the passport in the form of a table, there are demolished power, electricity consumption, supply voltage value of "cosine phi", etc.
Grudfos pumps (grundfos) are equipped with an internal thermal relay, which is triggered when the installation overheats, turning off the power to the pump. They do not need additional protection.
Installation of a deep-well pump Grundfos (grundfos) is performed as follows:
- A check valve is installed on the pump branch pipe. Water will not drain after power off.
A cup-shaped coarse filter is mounted on the suction pipe. It will protect the working pump chamber from siltation. - After installing the check valve, a discharge pipe is installed, through which water will be supplied upward.
- The power cable in the waterproofing is passed through the injection hose, it is fastened with clips.
- In the brackets provided on the upper part of the stainless housing, polymer twine is passed, which will further hold the pump in the well.
- The device, ready for launch, is lowered into the well shaft. Only the twine serves as a support, the bundle of the cable with the hose does not bear any load.
- The rope is fixed on a bracket that is located on the outside of the casing.
Please note that a professional person will help you choose the correct installation algorithm. If you want to do the installation yourself, consult a wizard to avoid mistakes.
Replacement and repair of a deep-well pump
Even the most reliable system wears out and can malfunction. To ensure further operation of the device, it must be dismantled and replaced or repaired. This procedure is performed as follows:
- Disconnect the power supply and water supply system from the pump unit.
- Remove the pump from the well. To do this, you need to use the help of comrades, since this procedure involves a lot of physical labor.
- Disconnect the non-return valve and the coarse filter located upstream of the pump.
- Diagnose the product.
- Replace or repair defective parts.
- Carefully inspect all fittings, hoses and cables for damage.
- Clean the filter or replace it.
- Assemble the pumping device and install it at the workplace.
When replacing the device, use new resin straps and filters.
As you can see, the installation and dismantling of the deep pumping unit can be done independently. The main thing is to choose the right device and select the pump power for the appropriate depth of the well.
How to install a submersible pump: video
Deep well pumps: photo
Well drilling at the site near the country house has been completed. The next question facing the owner is the choice of a pump that would be able to extract and transfer water to users as efficiently as possible. The optimal solution is to purchase a submersible pump for a well. This article will help you determine the model and main characteristics of the device.
How to choose a pump for a well
Submersible water pumps for wells are selected based on:
- types of devices that differ in their principle of operation;
- well parameters;
- technical characteristics of the equipment.
Types of submersible pumps
How to choose a device that is most suitable for a well in a suburban area? First of all, you need to decide on the type of pump.
All submersible pumps, according to the principle of operation, can be divided into several types:
- centrifugal;
- vortex;
- vibrating;
- screw.
A submersible centrifugal pump for a well works by creating a turbulent flow by rotating diffusers.
Centrifugal pumps are easy to use and do not require any special maintenance. The cost of the equipment is relatively low. However, the device also has negative sides, which include:
- the need to install an additional filter at the bottom of the well. Centrifugal pumps are very sensitive to the ingress of various impurities and / or small particles into the device;
- putting the device into operation is required after filling the pump with water. Running the pump dry will damage the equipment.
One of the varieties of centrifugal devices are those capable of pumping both clean and slightly contaminated water.
Centrifugal submersible pumps can be used for both deep and small wells.
A vortex-type submersible borehole pump lifts water by mixing air supplied to the chamber through a special pipe and working fluid.
Vortex pumps are small in power, therefore they are used only for shallow wells.
The principle of operation of a vibration pump is based on the movement of the rod due to an electric current.
The advantages of a vibrating pump are:
- reduced requirements for water quality. The device is capable of pumping water with minor impurities without sacrificing wear;
- high reliability achieved by simple design.
Along with the significant advantages of the equipment, there are also disadvantages of the device, which include:
- vibration generated by the pump negatively affects the borehole walls. If the walls are not fixed with specialized materials, then they gradually collapse;
- shallow working depth.
Vibratory pumps must not be installed below 5 m above ground level.
A screw-type submersible borehole pump consists of a housing (stator), inside which a spiral rotor rotates. When the rotor rotates, water is taken from the well and fed into the pipeline.
Screw pumps are capable of lifting water from a depth of 40-50 m, but due to the increased friction created inside the structure, the equipment requires periodic cleaning and replacement of working parts.
Screw pumps are mainly used for industrial purposes.
Well parameters affecting pump selection
The selection of a submersible pump should also be based on the parameters of the well, which can be obtained from the technical passport of the structure, drawn up after manufacture, or measured independently using a load and a long rope. The main parameters that matter when choosing a pump include:
- depth, defined as the distance from the surface of the earth to the bottom of the well. This indicator is necessary to determine the head of the device;
- the borehole diameter is required to determine the diameter of the equipment. The pump should not touch the walls of the well, but also should not have a too small diameter, as this affects the performance of the device;
The optimal pump diameter is 20-30 mm less than the borehole diameter.
- well debit. The indicator determines the volume of water that can be raised from the well per unit of time. The correct determination of the debit affects the choice of pump power. Exceeding the capacity over the debit can lead to "drying up" of the water source;
- statistical and dynamic water levels. The statistical level defines a constant amount of fluid in the well. The dynamic level is calculated based on their constant consumption. These indicators are important to consider when choosing a pump for determining the immersion level.
Determination of technical parameters
The technical characteristics of the pump that you should pay attention to when choosing a submersible pump are the following parameters:
- equipment performance. This parameter shows how much liquid the pump can pump over a certain unit of time. The capacity can be calculated in m³ / hour. The calculation of performance is determined based on consumption rates and plumbing fixtures installed in the house on the basis of consumption rates developed by specialists;
- head height to which the pump can raise water. When calculating the indicator, one should take into account the depth of the well and the length of the pipeline, with 10 m of length increasing the height indicator by 1 m.To provide additional reserve, the obtained indicator is recommended to be increased by 5 - 12 m.For example, the depth of the well is 10 m. For drainage, a 20 m long pipeline is used . the minimum pump head must be 10 + 20/10 + 10 = 22 m.
A good submersible well pump should fulfill all the necessary requirements.
It will not be possible to select a submersible pump without determining the basic parameters.
Additional parameters for pump selection
To determine which pump is better, it is also recommended to rely on additional parameters, which include:
- water quality. If the water contains a large amount of impurities, then it is more advisable to purchase a device equipped with additional filters or grinders;
- ways to start equipment. If the well is located near the house, then the pump can be turned on by hand. If the well is located at a considerable distance from the buildings, then it is better to purchase a submersible pump for the well with automation, that is, the device will work depending on the water flow;
- cost of equipment. It is not recommended to purchase cheap devices, as in the case of submersible pumps, the famous saying “a miser pays twice” applies.
Installation rules for a submersible pump
Installation of a submersible pump in a well does not cause problems even for an inexperienced user. Each device is accompanied by detailed instructions for the installation and use of the equipment.
The equipment is installed according to the following scheme:
- at the first stage, it is necessary to purchase all the components: a pump along which water will rise, a cable for fastening, an additional electrical cable, a check valve, if it is not included in the pump kit;
- before installation, it is necessary to assemble the structure into a single whole. Work begins with the installation of a check valve that prevents the fluid from flowing back;
When installing a check valve, pay attention to the water flow. It is usually indicated by an arrow on the equipment itself.
- then an adapter for the pipe is installed. All connections must be sealed with fum tape;
- at the next stage, a pipe is connected, designed to raise water from their well;
- every 80 - 100 cm, a supply cable is fixed to the pipe. This can be done using insulating tape or specialized clamps;
The cable must not be tightened to the pipe. It should be slightly loosened.
- a steel cable is attached to support the pump in the well;
- the pump is lowered into the well to a previously determined level;
- power supply is connected;
- a head is installed on the upper part of the well to prevent contamination.
You can learn more about the process of installing a borehole pump by watching the video.
The choice and installation of a borehole pump should be treated with utmost care. The wrong choice of equipment, as well as incorrect installation, will lead to the inoperability of the entire water supply system.