There are many types of autonomous sewers. But which is the best septic tank for a summer residence or a country house for a particular family to choose is often not clear. Each type of VOC has its own advantages. Plus, there are a huge number of factory models with their own distinctive advantages. However, it is necessary to install something on the personal plot. Without a treatment plant, there is no need to talk about comfortable living outside the city.
Description and principle of operation of septic tanks
The septic tank is designed for the accumulation and partial or complete processing of sewage from the house. Such structures are installed in summer cottages for temporary stay and near cottages where a family of several people lives all year round. Accordingly, the type and performance of the treatment plant is selected based on the number of residents and the intensity of their use of the internal sewage system.
When sewage enters the septic tank, these waters are settled (clarified), and then drained into the ground or pumped out by sewers. This is how an ordinary cesspool with anaerobic bacteria works. If the dacha is being improved, then such a simple cesspool is ideal for her.
In more advanced biological stations with deep cleaning, aerobic microorganisms are used, which, with the help of a compressor, supply an additional volume of air inside the septic tank. So they eat organic matter much faster.
The choice of the type of septic tank
All variations of septic tanks are divided into:
Accumulative;
Anaerobic;
Aerobic.
In the first case, the treatment plant is the simplest in design, a sealed reservoir for the accumulation of effluents. For their subsequent pumping out, a sewage machine is then used.
Accumulative tank "Rostok"
Two-chamber septic tank "Tank"
The third option is full-fledged stations that process sewage by 95–99%. At the exit from them, the water has a technical condition, which allows it to be used for watering the garden in the country or washing the car in the garage near the house.
Autonomous cleaning station "Topas"
Storage tanks and most of the anaerobic septic tanks are non-volatile structures. They do not have pumps or compressors; all water flows inside occur by gravity. They do not need electricity to work. If the water supply for a country house is organized from a well or centrally, then this option is ideal for a cottage.
Aerobic septic tanks are stations that depend on an uninterrupted power supply. They have better wastewater treatment performance. But the aerators pumping air into the activated sludge chamber need constant power from the electrical network.
For a summer residence, it is best to choose a septic tank of the first or second type. Such VOCs are cheaper to perform, easier to maintain, and do not depend on the power supply. But for full-fledged private houses outside the city, it is worth choosing an aerobic station. A large family of effluents produces a lot, a cesspool or an anaerobic plant cannot cope with significant daily volumes.
For the manufacture of septic tanks used:
Reinforced concrete.
The best septic tanks for summer cottages are considered to be factory anaerobic models with a polyethylene body. They clean drains quite effectively, take up little space and do not need electricity. Plus, you can put them right next to the country house. Moreover, it does not matter whether the screw or pile-strip foundation was used for its construction.
Moisture from such a VOC will not have much effect on this substrate. Such a septic tank is sealed, and the infiltrator or drainage well can be taken away from the building further. In a similar situation, when building a house, it is even allowed to use gas silicate blocks, which do not like high humidity very much.
Selection by performance and volume of a septic tank
Septic tanks for summer cottages and cottages are selected based on calculations of water consumption by people living in the house. If it is known how much wastewater flows into the sewer per day, then it will not be difficult to make a choice in favor of one or another structure. For all factory-made models, their total volume, salvo discharge and daily productivity are indicated in the passport.
With a complete calculation of the volume of waste discharged into the sewage system in accordance with all the rules, it is necessary to take into account all the plumbing fixtures in the residential building. Each of them has its own average rate of water discharge per day. For example, about 0.1 is drained from the toilet into the septic tank, 0.15–0.2 from the kitchen sink or bath, and about 0.14 l / day from the shower. It is necessary to add up the consumption of all plumbing installed in the dwelling - this will be the total volume of wastewater per person.
Lineup "Termit" in various volumes
Such accurate calculations are often made only by designers. To simplify calculations, it is customary to lay a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 200 liters per day for each person. A septic tank for a summer residence is usually calculated according to the minimum bar, and for a house with permanent residence - according to the maximum.
After determining the daily volume, it is multiplied by 3 (three days). It is within three days that the sewage in the septic tank is completely recycled. Based on this figure already received, it will be possible to choose which station is better to install on your site in terms of volume.
The choice of the manufacturer of septic tanks for summer cottages
It is impossible to say unequivocally what kind of septic tanks for a summer residence should be purchased here and now right in the store. The range of ready-made stations from the factory is extensive. Some come out cheaper at the price of VOCs, the second are easier to install, and the third are optimal in terms of volume for a specific situation.
Among domestic manufacturers, stations from:
TOPOL-ECO Group of Companies - various Topas models.
Triton Plastic - Tank, MicrobMini and BioTank.
PC "Multplast" - "Termit" and "Ergobox".
"SBM-Group" - "Unilos" with modifications "Astra", "Kedr" and "Mega".
Septic tanks for summer cottages of these manufacturers occupy the lion's share of the Russian VOC market. Owners often refer to their products as their best choice. The assortment of these factories includes both anaerobic non-volatile models and more efficient aerobic models with pumps. Among them, there are modifications not only for standard soils, but also for areas with high GWL.
Of the foreign manufacturers, only the Finnish Uponor is worth mentioning. If the dacha is located in the North-West of the Russian Federation and preference is given to imports, then it will be difficult to find a better septic tank. This company offers several solutions for a different number of people living in a cottage. There are plenty to choose from. Here's how - there are domestic and imported products on the market. The choice is only at the discretion of the buyer.
Which septic tank to choose for a summer residence or at home?
A septic tank for a summer residence can be made independently from a brick, an iron barrel or concrete rings. This is the cheapest option. But it is much easier to take a ready-made sewage treatment plant from the factory, which only needs to be installed in a pre-dug pit. And if you have money and want European quality, then you can order a cleaning station made in Finland. The choice is vast, everything here depends only on the excellent preferences of the owner of the cottage.
The appearance of the septic tank at the dacha site
Septic tank for a private house how to choose
In the absence of the possibility of connecting to a centralized sewage main, the owners of country houses have to take care of the arrangement of local waste treatment systems. Septic tanks can help with this without affecting the environment. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decided to install a local sewage system in their area have a question about which device is better to choose.
Types of septic tanks
The main classification of systems for the disposal of sewage from a private house is based on the principle of operation.
- Storage tanks are the simplest option. They are sealed tanks. Sewage enters and accumulates in these containers, which must be pumped out, periodically calling the sewer truck.
Storage tanks for sewerage
Septic tank with post-treatment
Biological wastewater treatment
Compressor for septic tank HIBLOW HP-150
Note! It is necessary to choose a place on the site for the placement of septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment, taking into account sanitary rules.
There are ready-made versions of various companies on the market, but with certain skills, you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. The material, along with the design and other important parameters, is one of the factors that are taken into account when choosing a septic tank.
Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of inhabitants and the mode of water use
What should be considered when choosing a waste disposal device?
Before buying a septic tank, you need to answer a few questions.
- How many people will live in the house, what sanitary equipment will be installed? These factors determine the performance and volume of the septic tank.
- What are the features of the soil?
- What is the planned budget?
- Is it possible to connect to electricity?
- Can you make a septic tank yourself or do you prefer to buy a ready-made device?
How many people will live in the house
This parameter affects performance. To determine it, you need to multiply the number of inhabitants by 200 liters, because that is how much wastewater per day is produced by one person according to the standard.
Wastewaters stay in treatment plants for about three days. Therefore, the productivity must be tripled in order to obtain the required volume of the station. It is also necessary to take into account the possibility of the arrival of guests, as well as decide whether the house will have such sanitary equipment as a bath, a dishwasher and a washing machine.
The number of residents affects the type of building chosen and the design features.
If it is planned to live in a house with a small family only in the summer, then the drive will be enough. To service a house with year-round living, it is worth choosing a cleaning station.
The number of users determines the number of septic tanks with soil filtration. So, for a house in which 3 people will live, a single-chamber septic tank is enough. If more than 1 but less than 10 m3 of wastewater will be generated per day, then it is recommended to install a device from two tanks.
Aeration stations work best with large volumes.
Features of natural conditions
The depth of passage of the primer and the type of soil determine whether it is possible to equip a stage of soil filtration, which will work effectively only on sandy loam and sand and low GWL.
Groundwater table
It is possible to install additional treatment on loam and clay, but these works will require a lot of time, money and physical costs.
The design features of septic tanks depend on the depth of soil freezing. The large mouth allows the device to be recessed. Among the finished products, there are options for installation in soil with a deep point of zero temperatures.
Septic tank with sealed chambers
If you need to install a drive on highly freezing soils, then you should give preference to vertical containers. But in areas with a closely spaced primer, it is better to mount horizontal storage tanks.
Installation diagram of a vertical septic tank
With a significant amount of wastewater and unsuitable natural conditions, it is better to choose a biological treatment station. True, their cost will be higher.
The cost of installing a local sewage system
The amount of money that the owner of the house can allocate for the arrangement of the sewer system remains one of the main parameters for choosing a septic tank.
The most expensive are ready-made plastic treatment devices, especially those in which aeration wastewater treatment is carried out. There are models produced in Russia and have proven themselves among users: "Topas", "Astra". You can also purchase European septic tanks, for example, Uponor. On average, biological treatment stations cost 80-100 thousand rubles.
If natural conditions allow, then you can opt for ready-made septic tanks with soil post-treatment. Among such devices, the most popular are the Tank treatment plants, which cost about 35-50 thousand rubles, excluding the additional stage. An oxygen-free septic tank can also be equipped from scrap materials, for example, from eurocubes, especially if you purchase used containers, which cost about 4-5 thousand rubles.
Septic tank design from eurocubes
The cheapest option is storage tanks.
The price of the finished product is also influenced by what it is made of.
- Concrete rings are a traditional and inexpensive material for septic tanks. But to install them, you need to hire lifting equipment, which is not cheap.
- Ready-made plastic septic tanks are also often used, they are more expensive, but they can be released into the pit by 1-2 people. In addition, you can make a tank from a thick-walled large-diameter pipe or use eurocubes.
Note! Plastic products float under groundwater pressure, so they must be installed on a concrete base to which the container should be attached.
Septic tank for a private house how to choose
Find out how to choose a septic tank for a private home. Types of septic tanks, performance and other characteristics of the treatment plant, site parameters. Photo
To save yourself from the need to inhale odors from cesspools, it makes sense to buy a septic tank for a private house, having previously studied its features and giving preference to a specific variety. The device will save the residents of the house from any troubles. With the permanent residence of a large number of people on the territory of a private house, the drainage pit simply will not cope with the task at hand and it will need an assistant, which a septic tank can become.
What is a septic tank
Private houses or country cottages differ from ordinary apartments in that there is no central sewerage system and the use of a special device will be required to remove domestic water. A septic tank is a sealed container in which liquid waste accumulates. The biological treatment function is available for some models, but they cannot be ranked as full-fledged treatment facilities.
What is it needed for
Owners of country houses, when arranging sewerage systems, must ensure that sewage is cleaned taking into account sanitary standards and soil characteristics. A reliable option would be a septic tank, also called a sump, whose function is to accumulate and purify waste leaving the room. He allows impurities to pass through himself, not allowing them to penetrate the soil. Before making a septic tank in a private house, it is worth understanding its structure and operation.
Device
When building a cottage, it is necessary to pay special attention to the arrangement of an autonomous sewage system, since there is no central one for the project. The device of a septic tank in a private house allows you to solve problems with the removal of household waste and their cleaning. The work is carried out in three stages:
- Sewage drains leaving a private house are collected in sealed plastic containers of a local treatment plant.
- Inside the septic tank, the particles are separated into heavy and light ones. The former settle at the bottom of the well, and the latter enter the next compartment.
- Aerobic cleaning is not always possible, therefore anaerobic cleaning often occurs. The sewage is filtered, and the generated methane is discharged through the exhaust pipe.
Types of septic tanks for a private house
Local treatment facilities are divided into two large groups - old and new. The first group is represented by brick septic tanks and reinforced concrete structures. These types for private houses are used less often due to time, power and material costs. However, concrete structures are considered to be more durable. The new ones include ready-made plastic septic tanks for the home, which have several more subspecies. Of the undoubted advantages, one can single out the cheapness, practicality of plastic, and the lightness of the product.
Cumulative
Manufacturers of septic tanks installed in private houses understand that it is impossible to do without a sewerage system, therefore they offer a wide choice. The use of special tanks is often the solution to the problem. A storage septic tank is a container where domestic water flows through pipes, which are pumped out as it is filled. Calculations of the volume of liquid must be made independently and, based on this, order a storage tank of the required size. This option has a number of features:
- The installation of drainage wells is not required, which has a positive effect on the cost of the system.
- The tank itself for a private house will not be cheap, despite the simplicity of the device.
- The owner of the house can independently decide where the septic tank will be installed. However, you need to think over everything so that the entrance of the sewage truck was unhindered.
- The cost of pumping waste will be expensive, therefore, if your household water accumulates quickly, then a storage single-chamber septic tank is not your option!
It is impossible to provide yourself with a comfortable life for permanent residence in a private house without sewage. Bioseptic with the help of special bacteria solves the problem of wastewater treatment, giving a kind of guarantee of soil safety. The process looks like this:
- Sewage enters the first chamber of a popular septic tank, undergoing primary treatment there. Large particles and fats are separated and settle at the bottom.
- The waste is sent to the second tank of the three-chamber septic tank, where cleaning continues more actively.
- The sediment enters the first chamber, and the treated effluent enters the third, where the final and main stage takes place.
- Fully treated water flows through the secondary clarifier into the well.
With post-treatment
Waste that has passed through a septic tank cannot be considered completely clean water that can be dumped into a body of water or soil. Sometimes it is impossible to do without additional soil cleaning. The design of a treatment plant for a private house depends on various parameters: characteristics of wastewater and soil. Soil filtration is more costly, since you will need to install:
- absorbent trench,
- sand and gravel filter,
- filter well,
- filtering fields.
Home septic tanks
Choices are not easy from the commercially available assortment. Initially, the eye falls on those devices that are cheap:
- Name: KNS Unipump Sanivort.
- Price: 11328 rubles.
- Characteristics: the device pumps out waste water, accumulating it in a tank.
- Pros: low price.
- Cons: small capacity.
More serious septic tanks installed in private homes are many times more expensive. However, they are often worth it:
- Name: EcoProm Rostok.
- Price: 55,900 rubles.
- Characteristics: construction containing a biological filter for wastewater treatment.
- Pros: high degree of purification.
- Cons: large size.
There are entire autonomous deep biological treatment plants. In a private house, they will be appropriate:
- Name: Unilos Astra 3.
- Price: 66,300 rubles.
- Characteristics: a tank for collecting and filtering sewage, occurring in several stages.
- Pros: easy to use, perfectly copes with the tasks.
- Cons: no.
Septic tank installation price
Retail and online stores are full of sales, promotions and discounts. Before you install a septic tank for filtering waste in a private house, you need to purchase it. It is not recommended to order delivery by mail, it is better to use the services of a transport company. You can buy a septic tank for a home, depending on its type, at a price of 12,000 to 70,000 rubles. However, buying is half the battle. Installation costs may vary:
Septic tank for a private house: how to choose, reviews
A septic tank for a private house is a solution to problems with sewerage and getting rid of unpleasant odors of liquid waste. Learn about the types of devices and why you can't do without it.
A practical and successful option for a sewage system on your site - a septic tank - is a type of treatment plant that allows you to clean and dispose of wastewater. How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a suburban home usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance. The last factor will determine how effectively the product will cope with its purpose. The variety of these treatment facilities in the modern market will make even the most sophisticated consumer confused in these matters. Local installation is included in the sewer system and is used to collect, settle and purify contaminated water from the home. For an ordinary country house, they are of the following types:
Filling type - the structure can be made independently using concrete rings, eurocube, etc.,
Sedimentation tanks with post-treatment through the ground,
Installations for deep cleaning.
When choosing the best option for a septic tank, you should also pay attention to the material of its manufacture, the type of soil where it will be installed, the purpose of the dwelling (for stationary or seasonal residence).
Types of septic tanks for a country house
Earlier, when the production of plastic septic tanks was not so massive, reinforced concrete structures, which were mounted in stages, were more popular. Also used cleaning systems made of metal. Today, wastewater treatment is most often carried out using ready-made plastic plants. These products are reliable and durable. The high level of sealing ensures the environmental safety of the installations. Depending on their performance, they are classified according to different criteria.
By filtration type
The classic storage option is an analogue of a conventional settling pit, into which wastewater flows.
Accumulative model of a septic tank U1250 with a volume of 1250 liters (Cost about 25,000 rubles)
In such tanks, water is stored until it is pumped out by a sewer truck. Storage plants require regular cleaning. Although the cost of such containers is small, the frequent call of machines for cleaning is not a cheap "pleasure". Therefore, such a choice can hardly be called economical.
With soil cleaning - this option settles and cleans wastewater through a special drainage field.
Rostock 1000 model with a volume of 1000 liters (Cost about 25,000 rubles.)
Water is thrown out, and sediment remains in the container itself, which must be removed 2-3 times a year using special equipment. As a result of processing in such a septic tank, the water becomes 60-85% cleaner. Energy independence and ease of use are the advantages of such a structure. But it cannot be installed in areas with high aquiferous soil due to poor cleaning through soil filters.
Septic tank with deep biological treatment - in this case, you can achieve a high level of wastewater treatment (98-99%) and even reuse the liquid for household needs or for watering the garden.
Model Dochista Profi H5 with a volume of 1000 liters (Cost about 65,000 rubles)
In this version, all types of wastewater treatment are used: chemical, biological, mechanical. Such tanks can be installed in any type of soil, they do not rot and can serve for several decades. The disadvantages of biological septic tanks include their energy dependence. Therefore, in areas where the light is often turned off, it will be difficult to achieve the normal operation of the installation.
Scheme of operation of a gravity wastewater treatment system
By material
From reinforced concrete - this option can be chosen for houses where they live off-season, that is, all year round. They serve for a long time, but they need good waterproofing and are rather difficult to install.
Plastic containers can be installed in areas where the water table is high. Plastic septic tanks for a private house are not subject to corrosion and are not afraid of the influence of aggressive environments.
Metal tanks are made of stainless steel. However, in comparison with plastic and concrete counterparts, they are not as durable and practical. In addition, such septic tanks are quite expensive.
A horizontal septic tank is most often chosen for areas where water from the soil rises high in the autumn-spring period.
The horizontal container looks like a cylinder and is made of plastic or stainless steel. Suitable for installing a country house with a large amount of wastewater (10 or more cubic meters).
The septic tank of the vertical type is buried deeper than the horizontal container.
Such products are suitable for installation in a sewage system with a small volume of wastewater (up to 2 cubic meters). However, such a tank is more sealed than the horizontal version.
Sometimes a combined version of horizontal and vertical septic tanks is used, where each container is responsible for certain wastewater from the bathroom, kitchen or toilet.
By location
Underground is a more common design option that is buried at a certain depth. At the same time, the landscape of the site does not suffer.
The above-ground version of the structure is used if the geology of the site does not allow the installation of an underground option due to the high level of groundwater. In this case, the septic tank will spoil the landscape of the site, so it should be mounted away from the viewing angle.
What to consider when choosing a septic tank
In order to choose and buy a septic tank for a country house or a dwelling located in the private sector, you should take into account the purpose of the premises itself.
If the house will be used only in a certain season, then a simpler version of a sewage treatment plant will do.
The water consumption per day is also taken into account. Based on this indicator, the required septic tank performance is determined. Water consumption depends on the number of people living in the house.
The characteristics of the soil are also taken into account. It is necessary to determine the possibility of installation on the site. After all, the territory itself must meet sanitary standards: the distance from the septic tank to the residential building is 5 meters, from the septic tank to a well or a well - 30 meters. If the site is small, then it is unlikely to meet all the necessary requirements. In this case, preference should be given to the more expensive option - sewerage with biological treatment.
The location of the septic tank on the site
In the area where the storage tank is installed, entrances for the sewer truck must be provided.
Best option: resume
In order to correctly choose a septic tank for a country house, you should take into account all the recommendations and carry out the necessary calculations. The current budget also matters, because some types are more expensive, but they are not always a viable option for construction in a particular situation. An optimally selected design model will be a guarantor of environmental safety and cleanliness of the soil, and timely maintenance of the container and pumping out wastewater (if provided by the instructions) will extend its service life for a long time. The best version of the sewerage tank will allow you to build a high-quality sewerage system on the site and significantly improve living conditions in a private house.
Which septic tank to choose for a private house?
How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a suburban home usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance.
An overview article on how to correctly choose the right septic tank for a private house.
First: proceed from the number of people who will use the septic tank
Each person will need at least two hundred liters a day, that is, if there are five people in a family, then a septic tank for a three-day stay in it must have a volume of at least three cubic meters.
It is also worth considering the volume of the salvo discharge of water, it comes from several sources at once (this is a bath, shower, sinks, toilets). If you incorrectly calculate the water consumption and exceed the flow volume, this will affect the quality of water purification.
Second: Frequency of use
Aeration units such as "Unilos", "Topas", "Astra", "Bioxy" are perfect for year-round operation. If the flow of effluents ceases, then the activity of microorganisms is inhibited.
In order to use a septic tank occasionally, it is necessary to bring additional food into the sewer system, most often it is semolina, pet food, kefir. After receiving top dressing, the activated sludge biocenosis is restored, and the septic tank works as usual.
Third: a method of drainage
Usually, there are three ways to remove wastewater:
- Into the ground - this method is suitable if the soil consists of sand or is sandy loam. The effluent flows into a filter well with a crushed stone or gravel bed at the bottom,
- In the "storm" - this method is suitable if the degree of filtration is close to 98%, since you can get a fine for water pollution. The method is appropriate when your area has soil that does not absorb water well, for example, clay, or if your groundwater level is too high,
- In an intermediate well - the method is suitable for several houses sharing one station. This well is built of concrete, and water does not leave it, it is discharged onto the relief using a drainage pump.
Dumping water into a common ditch is prohibited due to the fact that aeration stations cannot completely destroy helminth eggs. Therefore, there is a risk of infecting other residents with intestinal diseases.
Fourth: The depth to which the soil freezes in winter
You can find out how much the soil freezes in your area by focusing on SNiP 23-01-99. For example, in the Moscow region, the soil freezes by 1.4 m.
That is, if you plan to use a septic tank in the winter, you need to lay it below the freezing point, otherwise you risk getting an accident.
Fifth: Station cost
The brands "Topas" and "Astra" are similar and have approximately the same price tag. The differences between them relate to the design features (one compressor is installed in the Topas, and two in the Astra), the number of modifications according to the depth of the underwater pipe, and the body material. Bioxy stations provide for the possibility of processing a larger volume of effluent with a similar number of users. Therefore, the price tag for the products of this brand is slightly higher. For a private house, the option is optimal.
Also on the market there is a firm "Tver", which offers a combined type of treatment systems. These septic tanks have a chamber for anaerobic processes. In fact, this is a complex of a septic tank and an aeration plant. These systems are ideal for occasional use, but they are more expensive.
How do sewage treatment plants work?
The compressor delivers fine air bubbles to the aeration tanks, through which oxidation occurs. Then the wastewater is pumped into a biofilter, or an aeration tank, and the remaining organic matter is destroyed in it. If you have an aeration tank, then in it a mixture of water and sludge is sent to a secondary settling tank, where the effluent is divided into water and sludge, and bacteria are engaged in the processing of organic matter. Aerobic bacteria are used here. The biofilter, in turn, uses anaerobic bacteria that can exist in an oxygen-free environment, therefore, oxygen supply to the chamber is not needed. The purified water is either removed by gravity or with the help of special mechanisms, the sludge remains.
Overview of installations on the market
Let's consider the most popular settings.
Station "Topas"
Domestic production, one of the first in Russia.
Its work is based on a combination of biological treatment with fine bubble aeration (artificial air supply) for more efficient and faster oxidation of the constituents of domestic wastewater. Biological treatment is the biochemical destruction of organic substances by microorganisms (bacteria). In this type of installation, aerobic bacteria are used, due to which the processes of biochemical destruction of organic substances take place.
The septic tanks of this company have a large number of modifications:
- Based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for four, five, six, eight, nine, ten or more people who live in a private house, in a country house, in a cottage,
- Modifications that take into account the depth of the pipe that removes the drains from the house,
- Septic tank models can have one or two compressors,
- Septic tank models can have a drain pump,
- In addition to modifications for the house, the company has developed septic tanks for a summer cottage village, a camp site, a summer cottage community with a capacity of fifty, seventy, one hundred, one hundred and fifty residents.
You can safely choose the products of this brand, since this is one of the most thought-out firms with many options, and the company's consultants will select the option that suits you, taking into account the characteristics of your site and your needs.
The positive aspects of using an autonomous wastewater treatment plant "Topas" include:
- A wide product line, you can choose a model based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for areas with a high groundwater level, as well as a number of interesting solutions,
- Increased strength of the product, squeezing the station by soil is excluded, squeezing out is also impossible,
- Very easy to operate, easy to handle on your own, and there is no need to spend money on maintenance,
- The station works silently
- A very high degree of water purification, which allows water to be discharged into water bodies or into a sewer.
Among the disadvantages of "Topas" stations are:
Choosing a septic tank for a private house
The article discusses general approaches to the choice of a septic tank for a private house and summer cottage, and also provides an overview on the model "Topas", "Tank" and "Unilos".
If the connection to the centralized one is impossible, choose the construction of an autonomous one. It is important to choose the right method for wastewater treatment. There may be several options. Let's consider each of them and determine which septic tank is better.
All about choosing a septic tank
Types of devices for waste disposal
A septic tank is a watertight container in which wastewater is accumulated or processed. Equipment is classified according to these characteristics.
All units utilize waste water, but they do it in different ways. The degree of cleaning also varies. Based on this, several types are distinguished.
Storage septic tanks
Tanks of various capacities, completely sealed. Most often they consist of one chamber, less often of two communicating compartments. Their function is to collect sewage, which is periodically removed by a sewer truck.
Advantages
- Can be put anywhere on. The main thing is to leave a free entrance for the car.
- There is no need to equip a post-treatment system, for example, filtration fields that occupy a significant area. And besides, they are difficult to install.
- High resistance to volley discharges.
- Safe for the environment, provided the tightness is not compromised.
- Energy independence and complete autonomy.
disadvantages
There is, perhaps, only one drawback - the need for pumping out.
Septic tanks
Consist of three or two chambers. Each of them undergoes purification of the liquid. Depending on the design features and the type of "working" microorganisms, water is clarified by 40-75%. So, anaerobic microorganisms are able to purify waste liquid by 40-60%.
Advantages
- Sufficiently high degree of wastewater treatment.
- Reliable, durable construction.
- No power supply required.
disadvantages
- Restrictions on installation in various types of soil.
- Installation and operating permits are required.
- The need for regular cleaning of the first compartment from accumulated sludge. True, this happens much less frequently than pumping out a drive.
- A large area of the underground part of the structure, taking into account infiltrators and drainage wells.
In addition, you will have to periodically buy bacteria and biofilters necessary for normal functioning.
Deep biological purification systems
A multi-chamber system where waste is decomposed by chemical, biological and mechanical methods.
At the end of the cycle, 96-97% purified water comes out. It is considered technical and is discharged into the ground or water body. Additional treatment is not required. The good quality of cleansing is ensured by the vital activity of aerobic bacteria and forced aeration. Can be installed in any type of soil.
Advantages
- Compactness.
- They take up little space, given that the installation of additional devices for additional treatment is not required.
- Regular evacuation or cleaning is not necessary
disadvantages
- The need to connect to the mains for the operation of the aerators.
- Complicated service. It is good that it is regularly carried out by specialists. Self-intervention will lead to incorrect operation of the equipment.
- Restrictions on the use of household chemicals. Some of them provoke the death of aerobes.
- The price is higher than that of other types of equipment.
Differences in the type of appliances determine which septic tank to choose for a private house. For example, for, a septic tank is suitable.
Criteria for choosing a septic tank for a country house
A competent choice of a disposal device is impossible without taking into account several defining criteria.
Materials (edit)
- Concrete monolith. Long lasting, very durable option. It is erected independently, formwork is used for installation. Quite difficult to manufacture.
- Reinforced concrete rings. Like the previous version, they are durable, they serve for a long time. They need reliable sealing. They can be installed only with the help of special equipment.
- or brick structures. They are erected from the bottom of the pit. Effective sealing is required, otherwise the material is destroyed by moisture. Installation is complicated.
- Plastic tanks. Lightweight, relatively durable, low cost. Insensitive to corrosion. They can be damaged by rodents, they crack at low temperatures.
- Metal containers. More often made of steel alloys. Long lasting, strong, sealed. Without effective protection, they are destroyed by corrosion.
- Fiberglass containers. Sealed, lightweight, durable. Chemically inert, do not crack at low temperatures. They serve for a long time.
Dimensions (edit)
Calculated based on the average daily flow rate. On average, there are 200 liters of wastewater per person per day. According to the norms, the tank should contain at least a three-day rate for each resident. Plus there is a reserve of 25-30% in case guests often come. The technical documentation of factory models always indicates how many people they are designed for.
The estimated volume of effluent determines the number of sections. So, if it is less than 1 cubic meter. m, then choose a single-chamber heat exchanger, less than 10 cubic meters. m - two-chamber, more than 10 cubic meters. m - three-chamber. The dimensions of home-made devices are chosen arbitrarily.
Soil type and GWL
The geological setting of the area influences the choice. A sump with or infiltrate is placed only on sandy, pebble and gravel soils, on plastic and sandy sandy loam. Groundwater should not reach at least 1 m to the structure. Clays, hard sandy loams, loams are not able to pass or absorb liquid. Therefore, it is impossible to install additional treatment systems on them.
Here, it is only possible to drain through sealed pipes into the centralized sewage system or into the drainage ditches.
The best choice for clayey soils would be sealed storage tanks or bioremediation stations. Highly rising groundwater also does not allow the installation of sedimentation tanks complete with additional treatment. Only storage devices or biostations are possible.
Homemade or factory made
Sometimes owners refuse to buy factory equipment. Make a choice in favor of homemade. Sometimes this is justified.
It is erected from concrete rings, monolithic concrete, bricks. Provided that the installation is carried out correctly, a reliable, durable structure is obtained. Sometimes old tires are used or just a pit is used. Such structures have a detrimental effect on the environment, polluting the soil around them. Factory containers made of plastic, and even more so fiberglass, will do the job better. It is very easy to put them in place. Sump septic tanks can also be made by yourself, but only the simplest models. After them, the liquid must be additionally cleaned, equipment must be installed for this. If you want a completely safe, reliable design with a high degree of purity, you will have to buy it.
We conclude that a small storage device is enough for a temporary home. The advantage of this solution is that you can install the mini-tank yourself. Houses with a permanent residence need to be equipped with bio-purification stations. Sump devices equipped with post-treatment equipment can also be installed, but only if the terrain conditions allow it.
Rating of the best septic tanks for a country house
- Topol, Eco-Grand company. Purifies waste liquid by 99%. Maintenance is simplified by the non-standard design of the first compartment. Self-cleaning of the device is possible.
- Eurobion from Yubas. The rhythm aeration tank allows the system to work even if the sewage system is not constantly used.
- "Triton" and "Tank" from "Triton-plastic". A wide range of septic tanks and storage tanks of different capacities. From mini and micro models to 10,000 l tanks.
- "Astra" from Unilos ". Performs efficient multi-stage cleaning.
So how to choose a septic tank for? It is necessary to accurately determine the volume of sewage, to find out the type of soil, the level of rise of groundwater. All this will help you choose the type of device. It remains to select the material and volumes. The range of recycling systems is very wide; it will not be difficult to make a rational choice.