Nekrasov's works by year. Andrey Nekrasov

N. Nekrasov worked in the 40-70s of the XIX century, which became difficult for the history of Russia. It was a time of intense social upheaval, fueled by a long period of reaction and disillusionment following the adoption of the long-awaited Manifesto abolishing serfdom. The socio-political situation in society determined the main themes of the works of N.A. Nekrasov, a democratically-minded fighter for the freedom of the people.

"I was called to praise your suffering ..."

This phrase of the poet himself fully reflects the main direction of his poems and poems. The hard lot of the Russian people and, in particular, peasant women ("Troika", "On the Road"), the lawlessness and arbitrariness that reign in landlord Russia ("Reflections at the Front Entrance"), the fate of the intelligentsia, which embarked on a difficult path of struggle (" In memory of Dobrolyubov "), the feat of the Decembrists and their wives (" Grandfather "," Russian women "), the appointment of a poet and poetry (" Muse "," Poet and Citizen ") - these are the main themes that cover the works of Nekrasov. He also has wonderful lines about love ("You and I are stupid people ...", "Confession"), about the beauty and greatness of Russian nature ("Spring", "Mountains"). Several poems, including General Toptygin and Grandfather Mazai and the Hares, were written especially for children. The pinnacle of creativity, undoubtedly, was the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", which is a vast panorama of the life of ordinary people.

The origins of the poet's lyrics

Perhaps the works of Nekrasov would not have been so truthful and expressive if they had not been based on the author's own observations and experiences. For the first time, he witnessed cruelty towards another person in childhood. His oppressive father more than once attacked with fists not only at the serfs, but also at his wife, which even then aroused in the boy's soul a protest against the oppression of women. Later he will express his childhood impressions and boundless love for Elena Andreevna, doomed to endless suffering, in the poems "Mother", "Knight for an hour", "Bayushki-baiu" and others.

I saw little Nicholas human torment on the banks of the great Russian river, where he once saw the wandering barge haulers ("On the Volga"). And on the wide road that passed next to Greshnev, people constantly moved along it in search of work, sometimes convicts were carried out. This is how the self-awareness and direction of almost every work of Nekrasov gradually formed.

There was a bright side in the poet's childhood. Many magnificent paintings recreated in poetic lines are also the result of life and observations on the estate of his father.

Nikolai Alekseevich drank a lot of grief, starting an independent life in St. Petersburg. Deprived of support from home, he fully experienced poverty and hunger. But the hardships of life only tempered the purposeful young man and helped to achieve recognition.

The best works of Nekrasov

The debut of the aspiring poet was the poem "On the Road", which brought him enthusiastic praise of V. Belinsky. Then, for about ten years, Nikolai Alekseevich was published on the pages of magazines, including "Sovremennik", which he published. And only in 1856 the collection "Poems of N. A. Nekrasov" was published. He caused universal recognition among the progressively minded part of society and brought real fame to the author. "Poet and Citizen" (opened the book), "Schoolboy", "Uncompressed Strip", "To the Temporary Worker", "Lullaby", the poem "Sasha" - this is only a small part of the picture drawn by the poet about the true situation of the Russian peasantry.

If we talk about the work of the 60s and 70s, then here too every work of Nekrasov - "Railway", "Vlas", "Peasant children", "Orina, the soldier's mother", "Elegy", poems about the Decembrists, "Frost Red Nose "," Peddlers "and others - not only tells about the difficult fate of the people, their hopes and disappointments, but also shows their power, beauty, hidden strength. A fresh stream is felt in children's and landscape lyrics (for example, "Green Noise").

"Who Lives Well in Russia"

An epic poem - this is how the genre of this work by Nekrasov, written already in the post-reform period, is defined. Thanks to the space, the meetings of the heroes with representatives of different classes, the introduction of folklore elements, a whole epoch in the life of the Russian people passes before the reader. It shows strong and strong-willed characters, worthy of respect. But, trying to answer the question raised in the title, the author gradually brings the reader to the image of a young fighter for common interests, capable of inspiring and raising the masses.

So, in general terms, one can characterize the work of N.A.Nekrasov - the creator of a large number of works included in the list of the best classical poems and poems.

Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov; Russian Empire, St. Petersburg; 11/28/1821 - 12/27/1877

Poems by NA Nekrasov are quite popular in our time, the more that many of them are held according to the school curriculum. In part, it is the schoolchildren who are the main "admirers" of NA Nekrasov's work. But the poet's poems are quite in demand not only among schoolchildren, which allowed the poetry of NA Nekrasov to take high places in the various ratings of our site, and the poet himself to get into the rating.

Biography of NA Nekrasov

Nikolai Nekrasov was born in the town of Nemyriv, Vinnitsa district, into a noble family. His mother married Nekrasov's father without paternal consent. At the age of three, the family moved to the village of Greshnevo, where the boy witnessed numerous orgies and reprisals against peasants and sometimes his father's mother. In 1832, Nikolai entered the Yaroslavl gymnasium, where he graduated from 5 classes. Here he wrote his first poems.

At the age of 17, Nikolai Nekrasov went to Petersburg to be assigned to a noble regiment. But contrary to the wishes of his father, he decided to enter the Faculty of Philology at St. Petersburg University. For this, the father completely refused his son financial support, and if you consider that Nekrasov did not enter the university, this hurt his well-being. He began attending the university as a free listener and was interrupted by temporary earnings. This was often not enough even for lunch, and Nikolai lived in various rented rooms.

Such a life of NA Nekrasov continued for several years, until his works began to be published in some small newspapers. This even made it possible to save money for the release of the first collection of poems by NA Nekrasov - "Dreams and Sounds". He did not receive positive reviews and, like the poet, almost completely bought up and destroyed his collection.

In 1840, Nekrasov was admitted to the bibliographic department of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, in addition, he began to engage in publishing. They first appeared in his collections. This area of ​​activity began to advance so well that after 6 years, together with Panaev, he bought the Sovremennik magazine, to found whom he had a hand in. Thanks to their acquaintance with Belinsky, the new owners of the magazine managed to entice the famous writers at that time. In addition, Nekrasov himself devotes a lot of time to finding new talents and soon many others will become such.

During his publishing activities, Nikolai Nekrasov does not forget about his own works. They are also published in the Sovremennik magazine, and NA Nekrasov's poems are published in separate collections. But after the French Revolution, censorship perked up noticeably and it becomes more and more difficult to publish a magazine. This continued right up to 1866, when Sovremennik was banned forever. Two years later, Nekrasov rented Otechestvennye Zapiski, which he managed to make the leading organ of democratic thought.

At about the same time, NA Nekrasov began to work on his main work - "Who Lives Well in Russia". Work on it continues until the poet's death, and became the final reflection of the author on the fate of the peasantry, devastated by the reform. The work of NA Nekrasov was interrupted by intestinal cancer, which caused death in 1875.

Poetry NA Nekrasov on the site Top books

Among NA Nekrasov's works, it is worth highlighting the epic poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", which is now quite popular to read. This allowed the work to take a high place among and given the fairly stable interest in the work, we will see it in the ratings of our site more than once.

All works of NA Nekrasov

It is rather difficult to list all NA Nekrasov's works. Therefore, we will indicate only the plays and poems of NA Nekrasov, while the author's poems are collected in a large number of collections of the writer.

Poems:

1. The grief of old Naum
2. Granddad
3. Wax cabinet
4. Peddlers
5. Peasant children
6. Jack Frost
7. On the Volga
8. Recent time
9. About weather
10. Knight for an hour
11. Contemporaries
12. Silence

Plays:

1. Actor
2. Rejected
3. Bear hunt
4. Theoklist Onufrich Bob, or the husband is not at ease
5. Youth of Lomonosov

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a famous Russian writer, poet, and also a publicist who has created many unique and interesting literary masterpieces. In our article you can get acquainted with a list of the best works of this author.

Poems

Who lives well in Russia

"Who Lives Well in Russia" is a poem written in 1866. Its plot contains the story of the distant journey of seven peasants who went in search of a truly happy and contented person. The book takes place after the complete abolition of serfdom, due to which people "sighed" in a new way. As conceived by the author, the poem was supposed to consist of 8 parts, but Nekrasov managed to divide it only into 4. The writing style is iambic tricycle.

Grandpa Mazai and the hares

"Grandfather Mazai and the Hares" is a famous poem written in 1870. It tells about the small village of Malye Vezhi, located in the very depths of the Kostroma region, in which the old grandfather Mazai lives. During the spring flood, these places turn into a kind of "Venice", which is why it is quite difficult for forest animals, and especially hares, to move around and get their own food. Mazai was a kind and sensitive person, so he decided to come to the aid of defenseless animals and save them from death.

Russian women

"Russian Women" is a collection of poems written in 1872, which is dedicated to the wives of the Decembrists. Brave and brave women were not afraid of difficulties, they went to Siberian exile for their husbands. This work teaches people to be loyal, loyal and honest no matter what.

Jack Frost

"Frost, Red Nose" is a unique and one might even say mysterious poem by Nikolai Nekrasov, published in 1864. In this work, the technique of prototypes is used, that is, under the guise of a "frost-governor" the author describes hard peasant labor, love, death and the experiences of the people suffering from hunger in those difficult times for the whole country.

Railway

"Railway" is one of the most famous poems by Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, published in 1864. The work describes the grandiose construction of a railway that connected the major cities of Russia. The story is told in the first person. The author is on a train and hears a conversation between an important general and his son about how the railway was created on which they travel. The official lied to his son, but the narrator breaks down and tells the boy the truth that this road was built at the cost of the lives of several hundred innocent Russian men.

Dead lake

Dead Lake is a poem written in 1869. Despite its mysterious and enigmatic name, it describes the life of Russian society in the 19th century. The main characters of the work are aristocrats, nobles, landowners, merchants, famous actors at that time and even thieves and criminals. While reading a book, the reader is completely immersed in its atmosphere and feels “all the delights” of that life.

Three countries of the world

"Three countries of the world" - a poem created by Nekrasov in 1849 together with the writer Panaeva Avdotya Yakovlevna. The plot is based on the journey of the young noble son Kayutin, who decided to go around the whole of Russia. He paved 2 routes: from Novaya Zemlya (an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean) to the Caspian plain, from Novgorod land to Alaska. How will his unusual journey go? You can find out about this after reading the poem.

General Toptygin

"General Toptygin" is a comic poem by Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, written in 1873, shortly before the writer's death (in 1877). The action of the work takes place at the fair of one provincial town. Artists and buffoons from all over the country usually came to events of this kind. One of them performed with his trained bear, who was wearing a green cap, very similar to the general's one. The city authorities considered this an insult to high officials and immediately expelled the artist. How did this story end? You can find out after reading the poem.

Green noise

Green Noise is a poem published in 1863. This work was created after Nekrasov visited Ukraine. Returning back, he was so impressed by the beauty of the local nature and color of the inhabitants of that country that he immediately set about creating an extraordinary literary masterpiece.

Petersburg usurer

The Petersburg Moneylender is a poem published in 1867. Its plot is based on the story of the usurer Loskutkov, who is engaged in the issuance of cash loans, as well as his daughter Elizabeth. The girl fell in love with a local nobleman and a handsome man who is very popular with women, whose name was Ivan Fyodorovich Nalimov. The young man also pays attention to Elizabeth and asks her father's hand in marriage. But Patchwork demands money from him for this. Nalimov comes up with a cunning plan to teach the greedy dad a lesson. How will he do it?

Knight for an hour

"Knights for an Hour" is an unusual lyric poem by Nekrasov, which was published in 1873. In this work, the author, under the guise of a courageous knight, describes a peasant society fighting the bourgeoisie of that time. At one fine moment, the knight begins insomnia, he decides to go outside and just walk, feeling the fresh air (the personification of freedom), magnificent landscapes (the beauty of Russia) and views of a dilapidated poor village (the prototype of serfs).

Autumn boredom

Autumn Boredom is a lyric poem written in 1873. The story is set in the small village of Lasukovka. The landowner became very bored one deaf autumn evening, and he decided to have some fun, thinking up the most ridiculous and ridiculous assignments for his subjects. What were they like? This can only be found in the book.

Poems

Little man with a marigold

"Little Man with a Marigold" is a poem by Nekrasov, written in 1856, which tells about the difficult village life of a large family with only one breadwinner - a father. A man works day and night to feed his children and wife. One day he, together with his six-year-old son, goes to the forest to chop wood. Despite the fact that the boy is very young for this occupation, he is happy to help his dad.

Reflections at the front entrance

"Reflections at the front door" is a poem written in 1858. The plot begins at the front entrance of one of the prestigious and stately houses of a large city. A lot of noble and common people always gather here: merchants, influential officials, rich nobles, as well as peasants and ordinary workers' citizens. The author gives the reader a chance to "overhear" what the main characters are saying, what they are discussing while at the front door.

Sasha

"Sasha" is a poem published in 1855. It tells about the luxurious and carefree life of the girl Sasha - the daughter of the landowners who were influential at that time. Parents cannot stop looking at their daughter, they cherish her in every possible way and unquestioningly fulfill her every desire. Sasha turns 16. She becomes interested in another life, where there is no excessive guardianship of parents and nanny. She wants to break free. Will she succeed?

On the road

"On the Road" is a poem written in 1865. It tells about the journey of the protagonist on a cart. The road was long, and therefore boring and tedious, so he decides to talk to the driver, who will gladly tell the story of his life. This is how a rather funny and unsightly conversation is struck. What did the heroes of the work talk about? You can find out by reading this poem.

Schoolboy

"Shkolnik" is a poem created by Nekrasov in 1856. It tells about a simple peasant boy who loved to study so much that he decided to go to study in the city. The boy grew up in a rather poor family, so he is very worried whether he will be accepted at the city school, whether they will be kicked out of there. What will the boy do? You can find out about this in this work.

About weather

"About the Weather" is a poem written in 1858. It deals with the theme of the suffering of the poor poor people of the 19th century, and not only those who lived in villages and villages, but also people living in St. Petersburg. Many people in those days died of hunger and disease right on the streets of the great city. The author is trying to expose the deceitful officials who think only about the "thickness" of their wallet.

And the troika still flies like an arrow

"And the troika still flies like an arrow" is a poem written in 1867, which describes the riotous life of the nobility. After another idle feast, the company sets off to ride three horses across the fields. The main lyrical hero, observing what is happening around, describes the beauties of nature and admires them.

With this also read

The above books, written by Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, are the best and most unique, but there are those in which readers show no less interest. These include:

• "Bear Hunt";
• "Court";
• "Silence";
• "Contemporaries";
• "Woe of Old Nahum";
• "Recent time";
• "On the Volga";
• "Cabinet of Wax Figures";
• "Peddlers";
• "Granddad";
• "Actor";
• "Rejected";
• "Theoklist Onufrich Bob, or the husband is not at ease";
• "Youth of Lomonosov";
• "Vanka";
• "Thief";
• "Choice";
• "Until dusk";
• "Moral Man";
• “Two hundred days already”;
• “Your rights to fame are very fragile”;
• "Mother";
• "Prayer";
• “Mother is calling her son like a whale”;
• "Princess Trubetskaya";
• Princess Bolkonskaya;
• Epiphany Frosts;
• "Take your time, my faithful dog";
• "Uncompressed stripe";
• "Gardener";
• “The first step to Europe”;
• "Crying Children";
• Poet and Citizen;
• "Bees";
• "From the job";
• "I ride like a whirlwind from Ryazan";
• "Modern Ode";
• "Troika";
• “You are always incomparable good”;
• "Daddy";
• "Confession";
• "In the hospital";
• "The village suffering is in full swing";
• "The wind is something stifling too much";
• “Yesterday, at six o'clock”;
• "Home is best";
• "Living according to strict morality";
• Forgotten Village;
• "Lullaby";
• "New Year";
• "In memory of Belinsky";
• "Imitation of Schiller";
• "This idol has been debunked by us";
• "Orina is a soldier's mother."

In this article, you learned about the most interesting, unusual and popular literary works of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. Each of his books is filled with pain, suffering and experiences of the peasants who lived in the 19th century in Russia. The author was very sensitive and respectful of these people, and therefore decided to devote so many poems and a poem on this topic.

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a Russian poet-democrat, the author of brilliant examples of civic poetry, who made poetry a “folk lyre” and an instrument in the struggle for the rights of an oppressed people. His poetic muse is the muse of "revenge and sorrow", pain, struggle against injustice towards the peasantry.

The poet was born on November 28, 1821 in the city of Nemyrov (Vinnitsa district of the Podolsk province, now the territory of Ukraine). His parents met in Nemirov - his father served in a regiment stationed in this city, his mother, Elena Zakrevskaya, was one of the best - the most beautiful and educated - brides of the town. Zakrevskaya's parents were not going to give their daughter to officer Nekrasov, who clearly married for convenience (by the time he met Zakrevskaya, he had gambling debts and a desire to solve the financial issue through a profitable marriage). As a result, Elena marries against the will of her parents, and, of course, the marriage turns out to be unhappy - her unloving husband made her an eternal recluse. The image of the mother, light and gentle, entered the lyrics of Nekrasov as the ideal of femininity and kindness (the poem "Mother" in 1877, "Knight for an Hour" in 1860-62), and the image of the father was transformed into the image of a wild, unbridled and stupid despot.

Nekrasov's literary development cannot be separated from the facts of his difficult biography. Soon after the birth of the poet, the family moved to the father's family estate, to Greshnev, Yaroslavl region. The poet had 12 brothers and sisters, most of whom died at an early age. His father was forced to work - there was not enough local income for the needs of a large family - and he began to serve in the police as a police officer. He often took his son with him to work, so the child from an early age witnessed the knocking out of debts, suffering and prayer, death.

1831 - Nikolai Nekrasov was sent to study at a gymnasium in Yaroslavl. The boy was capable, but he managed to spoil the relationship with the team - he was harsh, sharp-tongued, wrote ironic verses about classmates. After the 5th grade, he stopped studying (it is believed that the father stopped paying for education, not seeing the need for education for a not too diligent son).

1837 - 16-year-old Nekrasov begins an independent life in St. Petersburg. Against the will of his father, who saw in him a modest official, Nikolai is trying to enter the university at the Faculty of Philology. He did not pass the exams, but he stormed the faculty with persistence for 3 years, attending classes as a volunteer. At this time, his father refused to support him financially, so he had to live in dire poverty, sometimes with overnight stays in homeless shelters, in constant hunger.

The first money was earned as a tutor - Nekrasov serves as a teacher in a wealthy family, at the same time writing fairy tales and editing the alphabet for children's publications.

1840 - Nekrasov earns as a playwright and critic - the St. Petersburg theater stages several of his plays, and the Literaturnaya Gazeta publishes several articles. Having saved up money, Nekrasov in the same year publishes at his own expense a collection of poems "Dreams and Sounds", which came under such a barrage of criticism that the poet bought out almost the entire edition and burned it.

1840s: Nekrasov meets Vissarion Belinsky (who shortly before that mercilessly criticized his first poems) and begins fruitful cooperation with the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski.

1846: the improved financial situation allowed Nekrasov to become a publisher himself - his Notes leaves and buys the Sovremennik magazine, in which young and talented writers and critics who left Zapiski after Nekrasov begin to publish. The tsarist censorship closely monitors the content of the magazine, which has gained high popularity, so it was closed in 1866.

1866: Nekrasov buys out the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, in which he previously worked, and intends to bring it to the same level of popularity to which he managed to bring Sovremennik. Since that time, he has been more actively publishing himself.

The following works are published:

• "Sasha" (1855 Poem about a thinking woman. Sasha is close to the people and loves them. She is at a crossroads in life, thinks a lot about life when she meets a young socialist. Agarin tells Sasha about the social world order, inequality and struggle, he is positive determined and waiting for “the sun of truth.” Several years pass, and Agarin lost faith in the fact that the people can be governed and given freedom, he can only philosophize on the topic of how to give the peasants freedom and what they will do with it. at this time, she is engaged in even small, but real matters - she provides medical care to the peasants).
• "Who Lives Well in Russia" (1860 - 1877. An epic peasant poem, denouncing the inability of the autocracy to provide the people with true freedom, despite the abolition of serfdom. The poem paints pictures of people's life and is vividly filled with popular speech).
• "Peddlers" (1861).
• "Frost, Red Nose" (1863. Poem praising the strength of the spirit of a Russian peasant woman capable of hard work, loyalty, dedication, fulfillment of duty).
• "Russian women" (1871-71 gg. A poem dedicated to the courage of the Decembrists who followed their husbands into exile. Contains 2 parts "Princess Volkonskaya" and "Princess Trubetskoy." Two heroines decide to follow the exiled husbands. hungry beggar existence, hard work, abandon their former life. They demonstrate not only the love and mutual assistance inherent in all keepers of the home by default, but also open opposition to power).

Poems:

• "Railway"
• "Knight for an hour"
• "Uncompressed stripe"
• "Prophet",
• cycles of poems about peasant children,
• cycles of poems about urban beggars,
• "Panaevsky cycle" - poems dedicated to common-law wife

1875 - the poet falls seriously ill, but, struggling with pain, finds the strength to write.

1877: the last works - the satirical poem "Contemporaries" and the cycle of poems "Last Songs".

The poet died on December 27, 1877 in St. Petersburg, and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. Despite the terrible frost, thousands of admirers came to see the poet on his last journey.

Nekrasov's works occupy a prominent place in Russian literature. The significance of his work lies in the fact that he introduced vernacular phrases, folklore sayings, and the language of peasants into poetry. Before him, no one dared to combine elements of elegy and lyrics with sharp satire. The poet, with his new technique, enriched Russian lyric poetry and proved to be a huge influence on contemporary writers.

Poems

Nekrasov's works are written in a variety of genres. However, the general reader is best known for his poems, which are studied in detail at school in middle and high school. The most famous work of the author in this genre is “Who Lives Well in Russia”. The author worked on the most important book of his life for several years - from 1860 to 1870.

The poem takes place after the abolition of serfdom in our country. The plot of the essay tells about the journey of seven peasant peasants across the Russian land in search of a happy man.

Nekrasov's works in the lyric-epic genre are written in a simple and understandable language. For example, the composition "Frost, Red Nose" is notable for its light verse, understandable plot and drama in depicting the hard life of the peasants.

About nature

About history and the Russian people

Other books by the poet are dedicated to the fate of representatives of different classes. Let's take a look at some of them.

These works are key in his work.

Famous poems

Hard to say, what work of Nekrasov is the best and most significant in his work. Each of his poems has considerable artistic and social significance.

The table below lists only some of the poet's poems. In fact, there are many more of them.

So, the people in the works of Nekrasov occupies an important place: many of the poet's works are devoted to the description of the hard peasant labor and the unbearable living conditions of ordinary workers.

Plays

Nekrasov wrote not only prose and poetry, but also tried his hand at drama. He penned a number of original vaudeville, which were distinguished by an innovative approach.

So, Nekrasov tried himself in a variety of genres, but his poems and poems are the most famous.

Novels

These books are considered underappreciated by critics and readers, although they certainly deserve attention and mention. The book "Dead Lake" is a philosophical novel that tells about the hard life of the village population.

The lake embodies the dark sides of human existence: murders and crimes take place here. However, the ending of the composition is good - the new owner changes nature and makes it serve for the benefit of man.

Nekrasov's works show the versatility of his talent: he wrote poetry and prose with equal success. The novel "Three parts of the world" is a book dedicated to the journey of ordinary people across Russia.