We all unconsciously wait for spring. Although it brings with it a lot of trouble and work, we rejoice in the first spring days and look forward to when we can start in the garden, in the garden. Owners processing large plots land, during the winter it is necessary to prepare equipment and seed, prepare fertilizers and means of combating pests and weeds. Since the beginning of spring field work all processes must proceed consistently and on time. It is easier for summer residents and homeowners to prepare for spring. The main thing is to buy bags of seeds.
Spring work in the field, in the garden, in the garden begins immediately after the snow melts. The land needs to be cleared of the remnants of the last crop, fertilized, plowed.
Features of spring work in the field depend on what crop will be grown on it. If so, they have already been sown in the spring. It is necessary to inspect them, assess the degree of freezing and loss.
If everything is in order with the crops, then spring work in the field begins with top dressing. Timely applied fertilizer allows you to collect a high yield.
When growing spring crops, spring work in the field is aimed at maintaining moisture in the soil and controlling weeds. For this, plowing is used. It can be carried out when the soil is not smeared. After harrowing, the soil warms up faster, and moisture does not come out. This kills the germinated weeds.
Spring field work in the field depends on the composition of the soil. On light soils, heavy harrows are used. On medium and heavy use cultivators. Soil with a high sand content dries out faster than loam. Therefore, work in the fields with such soil begins much earlier.
garden work
As soon as the soil has dried a little, you can begin spring work in the garden.
You need to start by cleaning shelters from frost. Better not to do it sundial so that the plants do not suffer from a sudden change temperature regime. Those structures that are intended for repeated use are washed, dried and hidden until the onset of autumn.
Then they rake up all the garbage: branches, last year's leaves, grass. Even if the cleaning was carried out in the fall, it must be repeated. They look to see if meltwater is gathering under the trees. This can lead to rotting of the bark.
Clean and herbicide flowerpots and flower pots. Plants are transplanted into fresh soil.
Weed control
Spring gardening includes perennial weed control. They wake up with the first warmth and begin their growth. Weeds should be removed immediately. It is more convenient to do this when the soil is still wet and the plant's root system is not developing. Nettle can be removed completely. But sow thistle, no matter how hard you try, you can’t pull it out with a root. But if you regularly cut it as deep as possible, you can get rid of this prickly enemy.
top dressing
Fertilizing the soil can begin in March. Fertilizers are applied, which include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. These are preparations "Azofoska" (contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), "Nitroammophoska". Well fertilize the soil organic fertilizers: rotted manure, compost. It is better not to bring fresh manure and chicken manure into the ground. These fertilizers are best piled up or in a hole and used next year or as a liquid top dressing in the summer.
Mulching
This is a laborious process. But it gives a positive result.
Sawdust, last year's leaves, straw mulch the ground in flower beds, in beds with strawberries, under young trees.
shelter protective layer beds with tender plants requiring a lot of moisture. It can be tomatoes, peppers, carrots - how much strength and material you have.
Cucumbers, zucchini after such processing rot less, give more fruits.
The mulched area almost does not need to be weeded or watered.
tree care
Pruning has great importance in life Spend it before bud break. If you do this later, then the movement of juice along the branches will begin before the wounds from pruning heal. So, maybe it's better not to cut at all? In this case, the tree will grow tall and thin. This will make it difficult to care for him. Yes, and the fruits will be small, pale and sick.
In the spring, dry, diseased, damaged branches are cut. All places of trimming or damage by rodents are carefully lubricated garden pitch. You can cook it yourself, but it's easier to buy it in the store. You can cover it with paint instead of var, but oily, without acetone.
Some trees, such as cherry, Walnut, it is better to prune in the summer, when the spring movement of juices is over.
Often they are whitened with lime. This procedure saves young trees from bark burns. in early spring when there are no leaves yet. Lime kills some pests and fungi.
Planting trees and bushes
They are planted in early spring, while the buds have not yet swollen and blossomed. Otherwise, the survival of the seedling will be very problematic. Pits for planting are best prepared in the fall, filling them with manure to half. But few people do it. Usually the desire to acquire some kind of fruit tree arises when spring work begins in the fields.
If you bought seedlings, but there is no hole, you can dig it in the spring. Its depth should be up to a meter. When planting grapes - 80 cm are laid separately, mixed with rotted manure, wood ash. Can add mineral fertilizers. Pour a little to the bottom of the pit so that the tree is soft and the roots have room to grow. Before planting at the seedling, the roots are slightly cut with a sharp pruner and dipped in clay slurry. Install the tree so that the clothespin (curved part of the trunk) is directed to the north, and the place where it begins is at ground level or slightly higher. This place should not be in the ground, as various infections or diseases can penetrate through it.
The pit is carefully covered first with enriched and then with the remaining soil, while watering several times. See that the roots do not break when the soil is compacted. It is better not to fill the pit to ground level, leave a recess for watering. Then the water will linger in this hole, and not scatter in different directions from the tree. The soil around the tree is mulched. Pegs are hammered near or around the tree, tied with a rope. And support the tree, and you will not forget about it. Remember to water regularly.
Graft
This - aerobatics gardener. Anyone who has learned how to do it efficiently will be able to provide himself with a wide variety of varieties. fruit trees and shrubs. instill new variety can be copulation (grafting with a cutting) or budding (grafting with a kidney). It is believed that copulation is more efficient, cuttings tolerate winter frosts better. It is held from mid-April to the end of May. But stone fruit should be grafted as early as possible, until mid-March. The main problem when copulating is to make even cuts on the rootstock and scion for their close contact.
Perennial flower care
A bush that has grown enough must be divided. If this is not done, the plant will weaken and may completely disappear. And his flowers will become small, or they will not be at all.
Separate bushes phlox, hosts, bluebells. Chrysanthemums, if they wintered on the street, are separated and seated. Those kept indoors are taken out into the sun, hardened, and then planted. Peonies after such an operation do not bloom for three years. Separate the bushes with a shovel or knife. The incision site can be sprinkled with crushed charcoal so that the wound does not fester.
Prepare for germination dahlias, gladioli. They can be placed in sand or sawdust, periodically wetting with water. Gladiolus are planted at the end of April, having previously been disinfected for 20 minutes with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. In one place they are grown no more than 2 years.
Cold-resistant annual plants are planted: daisies, viola, forget-me-nots.
Bulbs are fed (tulips, daffodils, hyacinths).
Gradually remove the shelter from the roses. They are pruned. In curly and park trees, only dry and weak branches are removed. Repairs are cut into 6-8 buds. On tea leaves 2-3 buds per shoot.
Lawn care
It consists in feeding, combing, aeration, weeding. It is better to fertilize immediately after the snow melts, "Kimeroy". Comb out effectively with an electric verticulator. To access air to the roots of plants, an aerator or a less sophisticated technique - a pitchfork - is used. They are used to pierce the soil through small gaps.
If there are many weeds, apply herbicides.
Disease and pest control
In the spring, the vegetable garden, field and garden are attacked a large number pests. If you do not fight them, they will eat the crop, not you.
Chemicals are used in the fields. They are sprayed with crops when they carry out spring work in the field.
Dry leaves and fruits remaining on the trees must be removed and destroyed until pests get out of there. Weevils are harvested on a cold morning. A film is placed under the bush and the branches are shaken. Weevils fall on her. They are collected and destroyed.
Each type of pest has its own methods of struggle associated with its habits and lifestyle.
You can sprinkle all the pests together chemicals or "Fitoverm", created on the basis of organic raw materials. There are also means to combat fungal diseases of plants.
Bordeaux liquid, when applied before bud break, protects against pear), coccomycosis, moniliosis (stone fruit), peach curl.
Growing vegetables
Before you start planting vegetables or sowing seeds, it is advisable to make a plan. Consider the predecessor of each crop, determine the amount of space occupied and seed material.
You can grow garden crops different ways, depending on your climate, soil, garden or field size, physical and technical capabilities. The beds can be lowered into trenches (sandy soil, poorly retaining moisture), raise the ridges ( clay soil). This is a rather laborious method. A thick layer of manure, compost and earth form a "smart garden". Smooth ridges are used in greenhouses or on any soil, if there is no desire and opportunity to raise or lower them. Spring work in the field is difficult to carry out if it consists of such ridges.
If there is not enough space for planting, containers are used.
Held from mid-March. The soil is considered mature when a clod of earth, firmly compressed in the palm of your hand, does not release water. The soil is ready to receive seeds, tubers and seedlings.
And the garden in the new season should begin with the advent of warm days. February or March depending on the region. At this time, you need to have time, first of all, to do such work that is done before the buds open on trees and shrubs.
About other early works, too, should not be forgotten and postponed until later, as hot days will come later, and there will be no time left for them at all. And until the main summer chores associated with planting, sowing, digging beds, watering, and so on, have not come, we are doing the first spring work in the garden.
Usually at this time in many places on the site there is still snow, which can be collected and filled with water containers in the garden. This melt water is useful for watering plants during the first spring plantings in greenhouses and garden beds.
It is important to carry out before bud break on trees and shrubs spring pruning plants.
Pruning shoots and top dressing
In early spring, when the weather is warm, plants that have been insulated for the winter are opened. This should be done when nighttime temperatures do not fall into the negative zone. If plants are not opened in warm weather, they can become moldy and start to rot.
The branches of trees and shrubs are carefully inspected and removed: frozen, old, damaged, diseased and dried. Damage on thick branches is cleaned and covered with garden pitch. Cut shoots are burned.
For the rapid growth of plants after hibernation and a good start for the future harvest, they carry out spring top dressing. If there is still snow around the plants, fertilizers can be placed directly on the snow. After the snow has melted, the ground in trunk circle loosen and water so that fertilizers penetrate the soil better.
Tree whitewashing
With the first rays of the spring sun, the difference between day and night temperatures increases. This leads to the fact that cracks, the so-called, may appear on the surface of the trees. To avoid this scourge, it is advisable to whiten the tree trunks since autumn or cover them from the sun from the south side.
Often by spring it flies or is washed away by autumn rains, so it needs to be restored as soon as possible. With autumn whitewashing, in order to keep it better, many gardeners add to mortar different type glue.
In addition, updating the whitewash in the spring helps to reduce the number of pests that wake up in the spring and from the fallen leaves where they hibernated, rush up the tree trunk.
To reduce pests that climb up the tree trunk, sticky trapping belts are also used. To do this, the tree trunk in its lower part is wrapped with some kind of Velcro, placing the usual polyethylene film and covered from the rain.
Treatment of garden plants from pests and diseases
Early spring, when the buds have not yet blossomed, is the time to treat trees and shrubs with chemicals in order to prevent and treat various diseases. Processing plants at this time has the most effective effect and causes the least harm to the environment and plants.
What preparations, from which diseases and pests to use, usually shows the condition of the plants in the previous season. Chemical treatment of plants is carried out at an outdoor temperature of at least plus 5 degrees.
planting plants
Early spring is a great time to plant and replant trees and shrubs. In the pits prepared in advance in the fall, it's time to plant new plants. It is believed that young plants planted in spring take root easier and grow faster.
In addition to early spring work in the garden, at the end of winter and in early March, you need to sow at home or in heated greenhouses for seedlings. vegetable crops: tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, cabbage, in order to plant them in open ground in May.
When sowing vegetables for seedlings, we use specially harvested from autumn or buy it in specialized stores.
Each farm may differ slightly from each other, the main thing is to use favorable conditions for caring for the site at this time. natural conditions when the plants are still sleeping and the buds have not opened.
Video: The first spring work in the garden
Inveterate summer residents are looking forward to spring thaws to take care of their plots. At first glance, it may seem that there is nothing to do in early spring, since the earth has not yet warmed up, and in some places there is still snow. spring dacha work include a whole range of activities to improve the territory and prepare it for the next season.
Essential gardening work in March
First of all, in March or April, you need to remove all covering materials that served as good protection for plants in very coldy. All structures will have to be thoroughly washed and dried so that when the next winter season comes, you can use them at the right time.
With the first rays of the sun appears not only juicy greens flowers, but weeds also begin to actively break through. Pull them up by their roots from the wet ground. Young moss is well removed with a brush and water pressure from a hose. If you use water to restore order in March, remember that you need to work at positive temperatures, otherwise you yourself will freeze, and the site will turn into an ice rink.
An important stage of work in early spring is soil mulching. On prepared soil, many plants are less susceptible to decay, so you can collect good harvest strawberries, cucumbers or pumpkins.
Mulch performs a decorative function, and also protects plants from the scorching rays of the sun and the March cold. For the manufacture of the mulching mixture, sawdust, straw, compost or rotten leaves are most often used.
With the first rays of the sun, summer residents start planting tree seedlings. As long as the tree is dormant, it will do best in the new ground. Spring is also considered the most good time for grafting shrubs and trees.
In early spring, there is a lot of work at the dacha, so the owners of even small plots are looking forward to when the snow melts and at least a little warmer. From spring garden work the amount of harvest in the future, as well as the beauty of your favorite site, directly depends.
With the onset of spring, nature wakes up and the time of work begins in summer cottages and in the garden.
Nature comes alive with the arrival of spring
March is the first month of spring and in some regions it can still be frosty for planting to begin. But it's time to start cleaning. garden area and vegetable garden.
Preparing for the season in March
Spring work in the garden begins with cleaning. It is necessary to remove the entire territory from autumn debris and accumulated over winter period sora - branches, leaves, grass residues, etc. It is worth taking this event responsibly, as uncleaned windbreak and other winter rubbish spoils the impression of appearance site, in heaps of such garbage, a favorable environment is created for various pests. In the process of clearing the land, remove any weeds left over from the fall. Now they are easily pulled out along with the root system.
We clean the foliage and grass, if we didn’t do it in the fall
Then you should carefully examine garden buildings and determine the need for repairs. Not prevent spring-cleaning garden house– something needs to be painted, something needs to be whitewashed. In other words, both the territory of the garden and the house itself must be put in order.
Make an audit of tools: clean, lubricate, sharpen
Conduct an audit garden tools. Some of them probably need to be sharpened or repaired, and some inventory items can already be completely replaced. Pay attention to clothes designed for working in the garden. There is no specific set, it all depends on local climatic conditions region. Make sure that there is clothing available that can work in hot weather, and in rain, and in windy cool. Don't forget shoes and gloves.
Work directly on the ground
Spring gardening should begin with planning what will be planted where. Please note that some drop off points horticultural crops need to be rotated periodically. Decide on the sunny sides of the garden and those that are in the shade most of the day. Trim trees and shrubs around the site.
We carry out pruning of trees and shrubs, if we did not do it in the fall
Plants need to be fertilized. This must be done even in the presence of fertile soil. Fertilize the soil with a mixture of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus. They affect the growth of roots and shoots, are responsible for the formation of good inflorescences and fruits. Such fertilizers can be applied even at a time when there is snow on the ground. At its final melting nutrients get into the soil along with moisture.
It is important to properly prepare the intended areas of the field for planting seeds. If necessary, dig the earth, crush large pieces into small earthen clods, etc.
Dig up the ground, if you didn’t do it in the fall and outline the beds, don’t forget about crop rotation
Assess the quality of the land. In the case when it is heavy, you need to add fine gravel to the soil to increase airiness, coarse sand. In such soil, water will not accumulate at the root system and will not cause its rotting process. Conversely, if the soil is too crumbly, it is necessary to add some clay-containing soil to it to retain nutrients and moisture.
Fertilize the earth with fertilizers better in autumn before plowing. In the spring, apply 1/3 of the recommended dose
When loosening the soil, remember that you do not need to dig it often, because. useful substances at the same time go deep into the soil. When digging, the soil structure itself suffers. If loosening is required, then it must be done to a depth of no more than 10 cm.
Working with seeds
Before planting seeds, they must be prepared for this. The seeds of each plant are prepared differently, but there are general rules. It is necessary to sort them out and choose large ones, without signs of damage and disease, physical damage. In order to separate bad seeds from good ones, you need to warm them up on the stove for 2-3 hours. Then in a glass with a solution of the 1st tbsp. dip the heated seeds with a spoonful of salt and water. Poor quality ones will float, they can be thrown away.
Seed rejection before planting
The rest must be placed in gauze before they germinate. Don't forget to harden the seeds. To do this, they need to be placed in the refrigerator for several hours. After the seeds germinate, they can be planted in pre-prepared boxes, a greenhouse or a greenhouse. The main condition that must be observed in this case is to get on future sprouts as much as possible more sunlight.
By the same principle, seeds of annual flowers are prepared for their future planting in open land. By the way, the area of the field intended for planting flowers also needs to be prepared - fertilize, best of all in the first month of spring, until the ground has completely thawed. The same rule is true for other areas of the garden intended for growing garden and horticultural crops.
Things to do in April
This month, spring work in the garden becomes more intense. If roses or grapes were covered in autumn, now the covers can be removed. If the field area has not yet warmed up and planting work is done early, it's time to start laying out greenhouses or greenhouse structures. Before planting seeds, make sure that the greenhouse in the garden stands on the ground with a closed film for a while. This is necessary to warm the soil in the greenhouse.
In April, we install greenhouses and greenhouses, plant seedlings
It is also worth paying attention to fruit and berry plantings. It is necessary to prune dry branches, thin out young shoots, and eliminate those branches that grow inside the crown. In order to prevent damage to trees by pests, it is necessary to treat the stem parts with special preparations. The second month of spring is the optimal time for planting new trees and shrubs.
April is the time for planting trees and shrubs.
At the same time, strawberries and raspberries are being prepared. Dried stems are cut out from raspberries, if necessary, thinned out. In a garden with strawberries, an extra mustache is cut off and thinning is also performed.
Gardening in May
May days are the most troublesome and time-consuming days in the garden. And in the same month, numerous pests appear and come to life. That is why it is worth checking fruit and berry plantings. Inspect the currant for the absence of ticks. Carefully examine the kidneys - their large size indicates that there may be a tick in them. They need to be collected and burned, you can't just throw them away. At the time of flowering of the currant, make sure that there are no inflorescences of a dirty pink hue. When they are found, you need to dig such a bush and burn it.
In May, active planting of beds begins
Inspect seedlings in greenhouses and greenhouses. A sign of her defeat spider mite are the twisting of the leaves down or the presence of convex gaps on them. If an infection with a tick or aphids is detected, it is necessary to treat them with biological products against these pests.
We remove the old strawberry leaves and cut through the rest of the berry, if we didn’t do it in the fall, or we just dig up the ground
If the seedlings are sluggish, with leaves beginning to turn yellow, then it should be fed. In May, depending on weather conditions and the degree of warming of the soil, seedlings need to be planted. Why first prepare the place - make a hole, pour water into it. It is best to pre-mulch the soil using peat or dry grass. Pay attention to the thickness of the mulching layer, it must be at least 10 cm so that it is not blown away by the wind or washed away by rain. Soil mulching is performed to retain moisture, create a comfortable cool atmosphere in hot weather. This technology does not apply to eggplant and pepper seedlings.
Removing the first weeds
Remove any emerging weeds. Be careful when weeding an area with perennials. In order to remove weeds along with the root, it is best to weed with your hands. Those areas that do not perennials, can be processed by special means against weeds.
We plant potatoes
The most favorable time for planting potatoes is the flowering period of bird cherry. The soil temperature should be around +12 0 C +15 0 C. Potatoes need to be prepared for planting. Remove tubers that have not sprouted, rotted or have any other shortcomings. Put the selected potatoes in warm place to increase the intensity of germination. The depth of planting potatoes should be half the bayonet of a standard shovel. During the planting of potatoes, fertilizers can be immediately applied to the soil - ashes or straw.
Cooking trees and shrubs: we protect from pests
Fruit and berry trees and shrubs should also be processed. Spraying against pests should be carried out at the beginning of the flowering period, then spray again after 14 days.
Grafting trees
If tree grafting has been planned, now is the time to do so. There is only one limitation - you cannot vaccinate during the growing phase of the moon. This is due to the fact that during this period most of juice is in the branches of trees, and with a waning moon - in the root system.
Work in the garden and garden does not end there, of course, but if you do all the basic types of work, you can be sure that in the fall you will be able to harvest a good harvest.
Many people associate the arrival of spring with warmth, lengthening daylight hours and the desire to relax in the bosom of nature, breathing fresh air. However, if you own a garden or summer cottage, you associate spring with the beginning land works. Successful spring work in the country is the key to a rich harvest and beautiful garden. Therefore, during the period when the earth is getting rid of the annoying ice shackles, you should not waste your time, because right now you need to start preparing the site for the next harvest season. And the "Dream House" will tell you what works are the most important in the spring.
Spring work in the country
Spring starts with cleaning
Even the most well-groomed garden at the beginning of spring looks depressing: the covering material that protects the soil squinted under the weight of snow and moisture, last year's foliage turned into a pile of garbage and began to rot, and fallen branches and fallen branches accumulated under the trees. Not only does the garbage collected during the winter look extremely unaesthetic, it also negatively affects the condition of the soil. Therefore, the very first work in the country in the spring should begin with a general cleaning.
As soon as the first snow melts and the temperature stabilizes a little, collect the covering material, clean it and hide it until the next frost. Please note that if spring has not yet fully come into its own and the tree branches are covered with a snow or ice crust, it should be removed, otherwise the branches may break due to excess weight.
Work in the country in the spring
Spring cleaning of the garden
Spring work on suburban area
Spring cleaning of the garden, garden and cottages consists in the complete cleaning of the territory from debris, last year's leaves and grass. The easiest way to do this is with a rake and garden brush. However, you should not burn last year's foliage, because this can harm your health and the health of others. Experienced gardeners use winter debris to create compost, pouring leftover foliage into a special container or pit.
With the advent of spring, the first weeds wake up. If seedlings of horticultural enemies have already appeared through the soil, remove them right now, otherwise the grass will grow significantly in a week. In addition, in warm and humid places, such as under stones, containers, etc., moss often forms, which also has a detrimental effect on plants. It is convenient to remove the growth with a brush or a strong jet of water.
Most important works spring at the cottage
Spring cleaning in the country
Spring at their summer cottage: preparing the soil
One of milestones spring work on personal plot is tillage. As soon as the snow has completely melted and the earth stops sticking to the shovel, the soil must be dug up to remove weed roots and pest larvae from the soil.
Also, it is in the spring that the soil should be fertilized to ensure a good harvest. As a top dressing, it is recommended to use universal fertilizers, which contain nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.
Since there are sharp fluctuations in temperature in the spring, the soil around, trees and perennials should be mulched. It will protect root systems plants from the cold and hide them from scorching sun. To create mulch, it is better to use fresh humus or compost.
Also, pay attention to the strength of the soil. In too heavy soil, water will stagnate at the roots of plants. To improve the quality of the land, it is recommended in this case to add coarse gravel or fine sand. If the soil is too loose, add clay or clay soil to it along with fertilizers, otherwise nutrients and moisture will seep deep into the soil.
After preparing the ground, pay attention spring work on the lawn. With the first thaw, remove the remnants of snow and ice from, providing air access to. Due to seemingly harmless remnants of ice crusts, after a while, ugly bald spots form on the lawn.
Spring work in the garden
Taking care of trees and shrubs in spring
If the air temperature stays at 3-4 degrees above zero for several days in a row, it's time to start pruning fruit trees and shrubs. Pruning should begin with the largest branches, gradually going down, so that as a result the crown of the tree takes on a cup-shaped shape. However, any pruning work should be carried out before the start of the growing season.
If you plan to plant young seedlings, you need to do this immediately after the snow melts. But keep in mind that planting must be done before the buds form on the seedlings.
In addition, when caring for trees and shrubs, pay attention to fastened dry leaves. Often these leaves are nests. dangerous pests. To protect plant health, collect dry leaves and burn them.
Work in the country in early spring
We prepare seedlings
As a rule, before planting, seedlings are grown indoors or in greenhouses, but if the weather is calm outside, in March, young plants can be taken out for several hours to acclimatize. It is possible to leave seedlings overnight in the garden only if frosts are not expected, however, insulate containers with young plants until the temperature is completely stabilized. If you grow seedlings in spring, increase ventilation to harden plants. Depending on the variety of plants, hardening is carried out for 7-10 days before planting in the ground.
Spring work in the garden
