Bean cultures are very useful for a person, since rich in fiber, contain vitamin A and vitamins of group B, iron, calcium, carbohydrates, proteins, fats and starch. The legumes contain even more protein than in meat products, so they are able to replace the vegetarian meat.
Root system legume crops It is roots with nodule on them, which are formed when nitrogen-fixing bacteria. They fix nitrogen by which the plant and the soil receive food.
And now a little interesting facts About legumes:
- Since the beans contain foliic acid and potassium, then they are able to have a cleaning effect for blood and for the body as a whole
- The content of vitamin B lowers the likelihood of heart disease, contributes to the improvement of digestion. What a lot is important for girls, the presence in the diet of this vitamin improves the condition of the hair: they acquire more lush and strong structure
- According to nutritionists, when used every day, 150 g of legumes drops blood cholesterol levels
- Homeland legumes are the Mediterranean countries, from where they later received distribution worldwide.
The most common leguminous cultures include:
- Lupine
A rather popular product of bean origin with a high content of fat and protein, which has vegetable origin. That is why soybean is part of many animal feed. Also used as a substitute for animal products.
As already mentioned, it contains proteins that are weakly inferior to the same animal proteins, so it is often used to eat vegetarians who need to fill in the absence of proteins that failed to enter the body due to the failure of meat food.
Common annolete plantwhich meets, without a small, everywhere. It is often a weed that grows along the roads and where there is a lot of garbage. Since it is capable of growing in the most unexpected places, uncomplicated by the soil, is resistant to frost.
Flowers, as a rule, single, purple or pink shade, less likely - white. Beans light yellow color, wide.
All knowing this species bean culture. This is a real storehouse of various vitamins, such as B1, B2, B3, B6, C, E, K and RR. ABOUT useful properties These vitamins can be read on the relevant Internet resources.
Beans that can be different in size and color are located in pods 6-20 cm long.
Lentil is considered one of the most ancient cultivated plants.
The most common red and brown lentils. After thermal processing, brown lentil acquires an unobtrusive nut odor. A red lentil has been applied to Asian cuisine.
Since this culture does not contain fats, it can eat people who suffer over weight. The advantage is that due to the carbohydrates contained in Lentil, it gives a sense of satiety for a long period of time.
This is a perennial grassy plant, the height of which varies from 30 to 70 cm. It has a clinging look bright pink-purple flowers collected in the brush. The fruit is Bob.
From this plant they collect light-amber-colored honey, characterized by its aroma and taste.
For our country, the cultivation of this type of legume is not typical. Preferably, Nut is grown in Turkey, North America, Mexico.
It is characterized by a nut taste. It can be boil or fry, serve as a side dish, add to pilaf.
The fruits of chickpeas are small beans that have a brown-green color and resembling their heads on their own form or ram. Compared with the same pea has larger sizes.
As it belongs to bean culture, the fruit of pea - bob, which can have different shape and color, depending on the variety.
It has a hollow stem from light green to dark green, with clinging mustaches. Contains only 55 kcal per 100 g of the product, so it is considered dietary product. However, in a dried form, the calorie number increases sharply, so that in this form, the peas is not recommended in large quantities People suffering obesity.
Lupine
Also wears the name - "Wolf Beans". It is distinguished by endurance and ability to absorb substances that will subsequently enrich the soil.
The leaves of the plant are assembled at 5-6 pieces in the outlet; White, red or purple flowers form long brushes (up to 1 m). The height of Lupine is capable of reaching 1.5 m. Inflorescences Looks like beans.
Everyone is a good familiar plant related to the family of legumes. Flowers from the end of spring to the beginning of autumn. It grows mainly in the meadows, in the forest in the glades. It occurs everywhere.
It has three bright green leaves. When flowing, it forms bright pink, less often - dark red, spherical heads.
This is an annual plant capable of reaching 180 cm. It has round white flowers with dark spots on wings collected in inflorescences.
The fruit is a bob. On one plant, 10-20 fruits can develop, and in some cases even more.
Plus, feed beans is the powerful attachment of the lower fruit, as it allows us to collect a harvest with combines and other agricultural machines.
Wears the name - Earthworm, a distinctive feature which is the development of fruits in the ground.
Overhead flowers of yellow-orange color are located once or 2-3 in the sinuses of the leaves. Underground flowers are small and colorless.
Cockon-shaped beans with fragile red or dark / light brown shell. Seeds are dark red or light pink, elongated-oval or rounded.
General information about legumes
Bean (lat. Fabaceae & Leguminosae, fruits), or moths (Papillionaceae, in colors) - the name of a very extensive family of plants from the class of dwoom. Flowers in all representatives are incorrect, consist of five unequal petals, with 10 stamens, and the fruits have a characteristic device that has deserved a special botanical term "bob". The total feature of the whole family is that in colors there is always a single marking - one-piece, non-shared, one-minute, and the fetus for all bivalve, one-bedroom, multifaceted (single-world TRIFOLIUM clover), bursting along two seams to which attached and attached Seeds, even in the intervals of odd.
This is a huge family, numbering up to 6,600 species and more than 200 genera, is distributed throughout ground Shar. And has its representatives in all latitudes, from the Far North and Alpine Lugov to the Equator. The shapes are grassy and woody are almost equally abundant in this family, which, in the largest features, is divided into three next subfamily: mimoshov, cesalpinium and legumes, in fact, which are the vast majority of the whole family. Mimosov and Caesalpiniyev - the inhabitants of an exceptionally warm climate, whereas all the others remained on the share of legumes climatic belts The globe.
Botanical description. Legumes have incorrect two-dimensional flowers from a 5-dollar out-of-way cup, a 5-sheet whisk, 10 stamens and pestle; The petals of the blossomed flower are similar to the figure of a flying moth, from where the name of the colors and the entire family has occurred ( best examples - peas and fragrant peas). On the other hand, the same flower is likened to the boat; The largest unpaid petal got the name of the sail (Vexillum), followed by a pair of identical and narrower petals, symmetrically located, these are wings (Alae), or oars; Finally, two more equal petals have grown together along their lower edge, forming a very obvious boat (SURINA); In this boat and lie pestle and stamens, of which most species have one quite free, and 9 have grown up with their threads (up to different heights of different clans and species) in one common plate, tight pestle. The leaves of the legumes are most of the advantage of complex and most often fishery or packed (clover, lupine), from one to 20 or more pairs of leaves; highly characteristic of this family, characteristic of most species and sometimes superior to the size of the most leaflets (in pea and mn. dr.); Very frequent, too, the mustache, both simple and branches, ending with pets complex leaves. Of a huge number Childbirth belonging to this subfamily is sufficient to indicate all known in their applications: Peanuts (Arachis), Astragalus, Beans (Faba), Vika (Vicia), Peas (Pisum), Donnik (Melilotus), Karagana (Caragana), Clover (Trifolium), Lupin (Lupinus), Lucerne (Medicago), Soy (Glycine), Beans (Phaseolus), Lens (Lens) and many others. Bean - one of the richest families on the abundance of representatives useful for a person.
Caesalpinic (Caesalpinicae) with few births differ significantly less in the incorrect colors; Two petals "Boats" are no longer afraid, so that the most boat does not exist; the stamens are also free; The fruit - bob, dropping only by one seam, and not on two, like the previous subfamily, or not at all revealing; There are here and forms without petals, such as known "sweet horns", Ceratonia Siliqua, Y whose stamens only 5; In addition to this kind, in Russia, a wildly growing, a good representative of Caesalpiniyev is our Crimean shrub, even a tree - "Judino Tree", or "Juda's Baghnik" (CERCIS Siliquastrum), in Tatar "Muza-Agach", blooming early spring, before leaves, large bright pink flowers; The leaves are completely solid, round. Other more famous birth Caesalpinia can be called, Gledichia (Gleditschia), Kassia (Cassia), Goddeal (Bauhinia), Tamarind (Tamarindus) and a horn tree (Ceratonis).
Mimosena (Mimoseae), with even less childbirth, natives, as already mentioned, warm belt. Flowers are generally shallow, collected in dense inflorescences - heads, less often brush, and almost correct; This subfamily may be called bean with the right colors; The number of parts of the flower ranges from 4 to 6, although five more often; stamens from 4 to an indefinite number; The leaves of most dual-centers with small pieces. There are no special differences in the fruit. Good examples serve Mimosa Stylace (Mimosa Pudica), folding its leaflets and lowering leaves with the slightest irritation, Acacia Real (Acacia Julibrissin), Acacia Kateh (Acacia Catehu), Sandalnum Pestokarpus (SANTALI LIGNUM), and growing shrub - "Tulle -Ebrich ", that is, a silk tree.
Healing properties and application. Galega medicinal or goat. AT folk medicine Used to enhance the secretion of milk in nursing mothers and as a means of diabetes. It is also considered a diuretic agent.
Diphydix fragrant. Active substances: Kumarin and its derivatives, oily oil, starch, gum, essential oil, Sitosterlin and a number of other substances. It is used to improve the smell of smoking, as well as medical and snuff tobacco.
Dark dog. This healing plant is used in folk medicine as a tonic after severe illness, like a blood purity and for removing stones and sand from bladder. In addition, the dye is recommended for both constipation, rheumatic and gout, against menstruation delays and with small complaints from the heart.
Grudrana burst. First of all, the turf operates on a conductive heart system; Pathologically accelerated impulse formation, increased excitability of the conductive system decrease. Improves the state of the patient with the fluttering of atria and ventricles, as well as during extrasystole. They can be treated with cardiac arrhythmia of various origin. The great advantage of this medicinal plant is its good tolerance even with long-term use, when a long course of treatment is needed. But only a doctor can be prescribed, and it should be taken only under the control of the doctor.
Capping tree. Chrysarobin, released from a cabbage resin - a means cleansing the skin; It is now used in the form of solutions and ointments for skin diseases (for example, with psoriasis).
Cinema Malabarsky. Cinema raw materials contains tanning substances, it is used as a fixing gastric agent. It is part of the dental elixiros, relieving the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
Copay tree. Copay balsam is used for bronchial disinfection.
Muir Puama. Pharmaceutical Raw Mail-Puama - Muira-Puama Lignum finds applied as a sexually exciting agent for men and women.
Pubydiye tree. Sometimes used as component Soothing and sleeping pills. In America is used as a sleeping pill.
Golodka naked. In folk medicine, the cass and other colds often use powder from licorice root, mixed with honey: 1/2 teaspoon powder stirred with 1 teaspoon of honey, take 3 times a day. In the ulcer of the stomach and other gastric diseases, it is recommended to chew small pieces of root. It also helps when removing a hangover syndrome. Application areas: to relieve an expectoration when the top respiratory tract (Bronchites), for the treatment of spastic phenomena with inflammation of the gastric mucosa (chronic gastritis).
Strank village. Modern traditional medicine uses this healing plant to combat fluid delay, to stimulate metabolism with stones in the bladder and kidneys, with joint rheumatism and gout, with skin rashes and wet eczema.
Beans. Facial bean flaps tea are used in home medicine for a long time as a diuretic with urine delays and edema, urolithiasis, as well as with inflammation of the kidneys, urinary bubble diseases, rheumatism, Ishias and gout. Naturally, traditional medicine is trying to apply beans along with blueberry leaves from sugar disease.
Fisity is a poisonous or Kalabar bush. how medicine It is applied only in veterinary medicine from colic. In the form of salicylic acid salts, it is used to reduce intraocular pressure during glaucoma. Serves as raw materials to obtain a poisonous alkaloid of a physostigmine.
Healing Yazzennik. Yazzennik in many localities remained one of his favorite home remedies. Together with the plantain it is used to prepare tea, which is used for processing wounds and against cough. Plantain contains substances with antibacterial action and this mixture gives a good result in the treatment of wounds.
Also, beans sash are used when cleansing the skin and as a means of eczema. Also in folk medicine use another bean plant - clover. It is applied against many diseases, but mainly in countrysideMost likely because there is an unlimited number there. Delicious tea is prepared out of it. Clover tea sweetened with honey (do not cute diabetics), well helps from cough and in liver diseases. It is also considered an excellent blood purity.
general characteristics bob plants And their classification.
Bean (Fabaceae S.L.) - extensive class family dichomotor plantsrepresented by more than 20,000 species united in almost a thousand childbirth. Among them are trees, shrubs, perennial and annual herbs growing in all climatic zones of the planet. General sign is the structure of the sheet and mainly the fetus.
Bobov family is customary to divide the three submenses, Caesalpiniyevy ( Caesalpinioideae.), Mimosovov ( Mimosoideae.) and actually legumes or moths ( Faboideae or Papillionaceae.), differing mainly in the structure of the flower. Some botany prefer to consider them as separate families.
Caesalpyye and mimbova represented by a small number of genera growing in areas with a warm climate, these are mostly trees or shrubs. The subfamily of Caesalpyye belongs, for example, a horn tree ( Ceratonis), Tamarind ( Tamarindus.), Caesalpy ( Caesalpinia.), in Russia - Bagrynik Jewish ( Cercis Siliquastrum). Typical mimobov representatives are shameful ( Mimosa Pudica.), native southern and Central America, Acacia is real ( Acacia Julibrissin.), acacia silver ( Acacia Dealbata.), growing in the Caucasus and we have mistakenly called mimosa.
Moth or bean itself Plants make up the main majority of the family and are distributed in all climatic zones. It is her who includes well-known vegetable and feed crops, such as peas, beans, soybeans, beans, as well as clover, alfalfa, Vika, etc.
Description of legume plants - seeds, leaves, roots
Because of the huge variety of species, it is difficult to give a single characteristic of legume plants, but they all have a number distinctive signsfor which they belong to one family.
The main characteristic feature of the legume family is a special structure of the fetus, according to a scientific called Bob, and in the agricultural literature or use is a pod. It is a one-bending fruit with two sash. Inside the bob seeds are attached to the sash even through odd. Most species have a multi-family fruit, some have one-meaning. When ripening, the fruit is revealed one by one (for representatives of the Caesalpyye) or two seams. The beans are a variety of shapes and sizes, the largest - the enta of the climbing, growing up to 1.5 m, it is at the same time the most large fruit in the world. Stock Foto Beans or pods one of typical plants The family is shown below.
All legume plants have incorrect flowers, two-dimensional, collected in the top or stubby inflorescences, brushes or heads. The number of colors in inflorescence can be different, up to one, but then big size. The most characteristic, in the form similar to flying moth, the flower is available at the moth, for which the subfamily and got its name.
By appearance He also resembles a boat, in connection with which each petal received a specific name. The largest, unpalaring is called the sail (vexillum), the pair of the following, narrower, symmetrically located, are the name of the oars or wings ( alae.), and the last two, who have grown along their lower edge are called the boat (Carina). An inside the boat is placed a pestle surrounded by 10 stamens, most of the species 9 of them have grown together, one is located separately.
Representatives of the subfamily of Caesalpyye flowers are less incorrect, two lower petals are not afraid of the boat, and the stamens are all free, do not form a single plate. Mimosov even more different in the structure of flowers, they are almost proper formSmall, collected in dense heads, sometimes brushes, have from 4 to 6 parts, in most plants - 5. The number of stamens can be from 4 to an indefinite number.
The leaves of most legumes are complex, filament or packed, are located in pairs, from one to 20 or more.
Often there are boosts, sometimes in size exceeding the leaves, on the stuffs of which, many species are formed simple or branches.
Roots of leguminous plants
The characteristic feature of the roots of leguminous plants is the presence of novels on them, special growths that are colonies of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that penetrate from the ground in the root cells, causing the growth of its tissues.
During the vital activity, the bacteria is absorbed from the atmosphere of nitrogen and translate it into the form available to the plant.
Such nitrogen is not only used for the growth and development of the host plant, but also accumulates in all its parts, stands out to the ground.
Separate types of legumes per year are returned to the soil at least 100-140 kg of nitrogen, which makes them the main cultures for land reclamation.
Nodule bacteria are present on the roots of the majority (70%) of the moth, in part of the mimosov and 10-15% of the Caesalpian plants.
Composition of beans: vitamins, oils, proteins, starch and other substances
The role of legumes in the life of human civilization is difficult to overestimate. According to the importance for the global economy, they are inferior only by grain crops. Representatives of this family are not only food plants constituting an integral part of the diet of many peoples from ancient times, but also feed, decorative, technical, medicinal, honey cultures, a source of valuable wood.
The main majority of bob plant used in food refers to the subfamily of moths. This is primarily soy, widespread food in many countries, as well as peas, different kinds beans and beans, lentils, nuts, peanuts, mash, etc. Their nutritional value is due to the composition of beans that are rich in proteins contain a large number of Starch, many species accumulate vegetable oil in fruits. In the pea, for example, the protein is contained up to 27%, in a lentil - up to 32%, and in some up to 40%, in individual varieties and up to 48-50% of the total mass of fruits. Thus, legumes, especially soybeans, are a cheap substitute for meat products not only for the poor layers of the population of the planet, but also for those who adhere to certain diets that limit meat consumption. A number of family representatives, in particular, soy and peanuts are used for industrial production of vegetable oil. By the number of oil produced peanuts is in second place in the world, after cotton.
In tropical countries, legumes with underground tubers are considered promising food crops. By the number of starch and protein, as well as yields such plants are superior to potatoes and yams. For example, in a damp of the carnaya, the birthplace of which is Mexico, and the Brazilian dummy tuberizus, separate tubers grow up to 8 kg.
Bean vegetables are an important source of vitamins A, C, PP, and especially group vitamins B: B1, B2, B6, which are beneficial to the cardiovascular system. The fiber contains in them helps the purpose of the intestine, causes rapid saturation, and the amino acid and lysine present in the protein and lysine strengthened. Another advantage of legumes is that they do not accumulate nitrates and toxic substances.
Representatives of the submenses of mimosu and cesalpiniyev are not so common among food crops, like moths, but among them there are widely cultivated species. As an example, a tamarind, grown in the sake of fruits, is to make up to 40% of sugars, vitamin C, lemon, wine-eyed acid. In the countries of the Mediterranean, the fruits of the horn should also be widely used.
Many species of the bean family are essential feed crops. By occupied area, the first place in the world occupies clover. Different types of alfalfa are no less common, even superior clover, even superior. Another representative of the family - Camel Spin, the main pasture plant deserts and semi-deserts of Central Asia. Some lowalkoid varieties of Lupine, Esparcet Sowing, in China, Canada and the United States are cultivated by the donon white, include less common feed bobban cultures.
All the forage plants listed above belong to the subfamily of moths. AT last years In this capacity, some representatives of the Mimosov subfamily are increasingly used for the tropics. This is primarily a number of African types of acacia, in particular, acacia whitish, as well as plants of the kind of propis. Especially promising in this regard is the leukine tree lighthead ( Leucaena Leucocephala.), Right from Central America, cultivated now in tropical countries almost everywhere. The green mass of nutritional value from it is not inferior to alfalfa, and the yield is 1.5 - 2 times higher.
A number of representatives of the family - valuable medicinal plants. For example, Cassius is widely used as a diuretic and a laxative, the Rutin is obtained from Japanese Sophia, it is used in the form of infusion for washing and irrigation of purulent wounds and ulcers. The root of licorice is bare and licorice Ural - raw materials for the medical and food industry.
Among numerous bob representatives decorative plants, Flowers, trees and shrubs, some tropical species serve as a source of valuable wood of pink, red, dark brown, a number of African acacias are used to obtain gumiarabic, natural glue. Many legumes allocate gum used in textile, paint and varnish, food industry.
\u003e\u003e Bob family
§ 68 Bob family
Bobov family is one of the largest families. It has more than 12,000 species. Among legroom annuals and perennial herbs, shrubs and trees.
From cultural field and vegetable legumes plants In our country they grow peas, beans, soybeans, beans, lupin. Decorative bean plants are widespread: Yellow Karagan (Acacia), white robinity (acacia), wisteria and fragrant polka dots. Many plants of this family grows in the meadows, on shrubs and groves (types of clover, dononnok, ranks). Externally they are little similar or not similar 140 .
Why are the types of legumes unite in one family?
In legumes fruit - Bob; Double pericolor; A cup of 5 controversial sewers; Corn from 5 petals; 2 of them grow together. Petals have special names: the top, usually the largest - Garus, side - oars, 2 of the thickened lower - boat 141 . Inside the boat is a pestle, surrounded by 10 stamens. In most plants, the threads of 9 stamens are growing, and 1 remains free. Some legumes have all the stamens grow up the threads or all the stamens are free.
On the roots of leguminous plants, magnets are formed. These magnets arise because of the soil through root hairs in cells Both roots penetrate bacteria. They absorb and absorb free nitrogen from the air. They cause division and increase the size of the root cells, as a result of which the muscles appear. This useful cohabitation for both organisms is called symbiosis (from the Greek word "symbiosis" - a joint life). After dying the plant, the soil is enriched with substances containing nitrogen. All bob organs are rich in nitrogen substances containing substances, in particular proteins.
Leaves and inflorescences of legume plants are different different species. In clover leaves The treasured, soybeans, beans, peas, yellow and white acacia, wiki - Cherish, Lupine - Palc.
From inflorescences for legume plants are characterized by a brush (lupine, donnik) and head (clover).
1. What are cultivated plants and for what features refer to the legume family?
2. What is the economic value of food and fodder legs?
Korchagin V. A., Biology: plants, bacteria, mushrooms, lichens: studies. for 6 cl. environments shk. - 24th ed. - M.: Enlightenment, 2003. - 256 p.: Il.
Calendar and thematic planning for biology, video on biology online, biology at school download
Design of lesson Abstract lesson reference frame presentation lesson accelerative methods interactive technologies Practice Tasks and exercises self-test Workshop, trainings, cases, quests Home tasks Discussion issues Rhetorical questions from students Illustrations Audio, video clips and multimedia Photos, pictures, tables, Schemes of humor, jokes, jokes, Comics Proverbs, sayings, crosswords, quotes Supplements Abstracts Articles Chips for Curious Cheat Sheets Textbooks Basic and Additional Globes Other Terms Improving textbooks and lessons Fixing errors in the textbook Updating fragment in the textbook. Innovation elements in the lesson replacing outdated knowledge new Only for teachers Perfect lessons Calendar Plan for a year guidelines Discussion programs Integrated lessonsPeas, soybean, fragrant peas, lentils, peanuts, soybeans ... The names of these plants are known to everyone. In our article, we will consider the features of the structure of vegetative organs and the formulas of the bean flower.
General characteristics of the family
Bean or moth plants belong to the class of dwoom. Systematics have more than 20 thousand species in nature. Most of them are valuable food and fodder crops. Of particular importance is the ability of some species to record atmospheric nitrogen. Bean are represented by all life forms: herbs, shrubs and trees. As a rule, with on the stem. Bob flower is a systematic sign.
Legend
In Botanic, there is such a concept as a flower formula. It represents legend parts of this generative body. Figures in this row are denoted quantitative indicators elements of the generative body.
They decrypted as follows:
- H - cup. It is a combination of cups surrounding the blossom.
- In - a whisk. These are all flower petals.
- Oh is a perianth. It consists of a cup and a whisk.
- T - the number of stamens.
- P - number of pestles.
Formula Flower of leguminous plants
Now decrypt this combination of characters on specific example. The formula of a flower of moths or legume plants has the following form: C5 L1 + 2 + (2) T (9 + 1) P1. Such a structure visually resembles a boat or a butterfly. This determines the name of the moth.
So, the perianth of representatives of this family consists of five cups and petals. The structure of the latter is differentiated. The topmost petal has large sizes compared to the rest. It is called "Sail". On both sides are the side petals - "oars". The remaining steam grows up at the bottom edge. So forms a "boat". At the legumes one pestle. The stamens in one case can be ten, in the other - nine of them are growing among themselves, and one remains free. Petals are sometimes also called a butterfly with wings.
Type of flower
Bob flower formula and additional information. Such structures are cut. This means that flowers have pestle and stamens. They can be solitary - large with bright and wide petals.
One more out characteristic features - This is symmetry. For this feature, legume flowers are incorrect or zigomorphic. This means that through them you can conduct a single vertical plane.
In a number of cases, representatives of this family have inflorescences. Sometimes the flower formula of which was given above, forms inflorescences. It can be a brush, head or snowstorm.
Pollination and formation of seeds
The formula of the bean flower indicates some of its differences in different types of families. These features determine the way to pollinate. For example, the clover each petal is twisted into a long tube. Therefore, it can only pollinate bumblebees with special trull. Beans also attract bees and butterflies. Pea, Lupine, Astragala, Vicky occurs, self-pollization.
Feature of bean seeds is the absence of endosperma - reserve nutrient. These are the plants of the two-class. Therefore, their germ consists of two cotyledons, a stuffed stalk, root and kids, which contains the primitives of the first leaves. Outside there is a protective peel. Sejdoli turned to each other with flat sides. They are connected in one of the parts. In this place there are stuffed bodies.
The supply of substances is concluded directly in the seedlings. Scientists have proven that Lupine can even grow from seeds that long time lay in a marzlot. And for beans, the underground germination is characterized. In the biological sense it is very profitable because it provides protection against animals, temperature drops.
Fruits and seeds
The fruit of this family is called Bob. It develops from the rest. Bob is a dry multifestyle. After maturation, it is revealed on the seam between two sash. They are seeds. Unlike the pod, inside the bob there is no vertical partition.
Seeds of beans have long been eaten. Peas and beans contain a large number of proteins, and soy and peanuts - vegetable oils. Clover and alfalfa are indispensable because they differ in a large nutritional value. Great importance These plants also have as honeycomb. White and yellow Karagan, as well as mimosa - famous decorative species.
Value
Bean shoots - valuable green fertilizer. They are supplied and left on the surface of the soil, which contributes to its enrichment by the organica and improves the structure. In the pharmaceutical industry, licorice, a donon, White Acacia are used as a raw material. Among the wood is the most valuable sandalwood.
Only on the roots of legumes there are nodule bacteria. it special viewwhich is capable of absorbing atmospheric nitrogen. What are the benefits of such organisms? Nitrogen is a necessary element for the formation of stem and leaves. And in the air of this substance is enough to 78%. But plants cannot absorb atmospheric nitrogen. Nodule bacteria translate it into a shape that dissolves in water and can be absorbed from the soil roots. The existence of these organisms is mutually beneficial: bacteria provide plants with nitrogen, and instead, mineral nutrients are obtained.
So, the formula of the bean flower has the form of C5 L1 + 2 + (2) T (9 + 1) P1. Such a structure consists of five restraints and the same amount of petals. The latter differ in size and shape. As a result, the bean flower has wrong shape And is a zigomorphic. This means that through it you can spend only one axis of symmetry. This type of symmetry is called Sigomorphic. Visually flower of leguminous plants resembles a boat with oars and a sail or butterfly. This causes the second name of this family - moths. All legume flowers are scare. They have one pestle. And the number of stamens is ten. Some of them are afraid of nine of them, and one remains free.