Upper respiratory tract allergy in children symptoms. Allergy

Respiratory allergy is an inadequate, intense pathological immune response of the body to the penetration of allergens into the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. The term allergen refers to various third-party substances, or influencing factors that provoke the occurrence of such a painful reaction of the immune system. Respiratory form means that allergens enter the mucous membrane when breathing.

Microscopic pathogens are in the air, and when we breathe they get inside, attacking the mucous membrane of the nose and throat. Hence the name - aeroallergens.

The start of a respiratory allergic reaction occurs if there is contact with an allergen to which a person has developed hypersensitivity. Immunity, perceiving a harmless factor (foreign body) as a serious danger, begins to protect and “attack” the pathogen.

The key problem of any type of allergy is an overestimated, overly aggressive, in contrast to the normal immune response, the body's response to an antigen.

The disease proceeds in different ways, for some allergy sufferers it is limited to minor discomfort (inconvenience).

Manifested by itching, runny nose. However, in some situations, such a disorder of immunity can cause a real threat, causing significant damage to organs and tissues. An example is the danger of anaphylactic shock.

List of typical aeroallergens:

house dust
epithelium of insects, domestic animals
mushroom spores
household chemicals
cosmetics
varnishes, paints

In addition, the following are recognized as likely catalysts for an allergic reaction:

food products
sunlight
cold
stinging insect venom

Along with the respiratory form manifested (asthma, allergic rhinitis, hay fever, conjunctivitis), other, rather “popular” types of allergosis are classified:

gastrointestinal
cutaneous

When choosing treatment tactics, the following are taken into account:

a factor causing an allergic response of the immune system
clinical manifestations of the disease

Do not try to solve this problem yourself, use only the doctor's recommendations. Be sure to consult an allergist before using folk remedies, self-medication without the consent of a doctor is unacceptable.

Acquaintance of the body with respiratory allergy occurs more often in childhood or adolescence.

In an adult, such violations (failures) immunity are possible as a negative consequence of the transferred pathology of the respiratory tract.

Aggravation (attacks) occur in 2-3 quarters of the year, since in the spring-summer season the air is oversaturated with odors and pollen.

Respiratory allergy

There are two basic types that manifest such a disorder of immunity:

Bronchial asthma is a common type of respiratory allergic reaction. Due to inflammation and swelling, the bronchi "narrow" at the moment of an attack in an asthmatic person, there are tangible breathing difficulties in the expiration phase.
Allergic rhinitis - runny nose non-infectious nature, lacrimation, redness of the eyes.

Symptomatic drawing is complemented by:

swelling of the eyelids, throat
mucosal irritation

With allergic rhinitis, there are two scenarios for the course of pathology:

Seasonal - probable exacerbations occur in spring and summer, pollen and the smell of flowering plants act as an allergen.
Year-round - nasal congestion, sneezing, lacrimation, become systematic, the disease receives a constant, year-round "residence permit" in the body. To the named characteristic clinical manifestations are added the general signs of malaise: frequent pulse, increased sweating. The catalysts of problems are often the factors that we face on a daily basis. These include house dust, animal hair, fungal spores.

Complete elimination of contact with the identified irritant is a fundamental condition for the successful treatment of allergic rhinitis.

In most cases, the patient knows what provokes such problems. By his actions, a person tries to minimize or completely exclude a “meeting” with an allergen.

Conventionally, it is permissible to consider Quincke's edema as a manifestation of a respiratory allergy, when the swelling “affects” the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract.

Allergy treatment

The therapeutic process requires an integrated approach; it is necessary to correctly diagnose the allergen causing the reaction.

If at once, the doctor failed to ascertain the cause, then laboratory tests are carried out:

tests, samples for various antigens

After accurate identification of the irritant, the necessary antihistamines are prescribed. Medicines normalize the functioning of the immune system, help the body to quickly get rid of (remove) antigens. Among the medical prescriptions are antihistamines of four generations:

the first - Suprastin, Fenkarol, Tavegil
the second - Claritin, Kistin Zodak (drugs are contraindicated in heart disease)
third - Telfast, Zyrtec, Tsetrin
fourth - Erius, Desloratadine, Ebastine, Cetirizine

The selection of the drug, the choice of treatment tactics (dosage regimen) is carried out by an allergist, necessarily taking into account the severity, nature of the disease and the patient's age.

Since the treatment is complex, if necessary, the following are connected to therapy:

local treatment agents - ointments, drops, sprays
physiotherapy procedures

Therapeutic measures for allergies are necessarily accompanied by strengthening the immune system.

Unfortunately, not everyone strictly adheres to the doctor's instructions.

Many, after initial improvements, removal of symptoms, independently adjust the dosage, or even consider themselves recovered, completely stop taking the prescribed medications. This is a gross and impermissible mistake.

Some people take antihistamines for an uncontrollably long period of time, mistakenly believing that it will heal.

The final result is disappointing - allergic problems are aggravated, intensified, becoming chronic.

Folk recipes

The use of recipes requires caution, taking into account the individual body's response to the components.

Agreement with a doctor is required!

In the recipes described below, we will focus on the fight against allergic rhinitis - a "popular" form of respiratory allergy.

Aloe

Drops from herbal components, an adequate option for replacing vasoconstrictor drugs, the reception of which, due to mucosal dystrophy, is limited by the time interval. Take topically, inside.

Beneficial features

The plant has a positive effect on immunity, which provides tangible support for allergies of various nature.
The healing qualities are due to the rich content of biogenic stimulants - they accelerate the processes of growth, regeneration (restoration) of tissues. They activate vital processes, which increases the overall resistance to disease.

Aloe composition contains:

phytoncides
antioxidants
polysaccharides
beta carotene
vitamin C, B, PP, E
enzymes

Aloe juice is a reliable protection against viruses and bacteria, it is permissible to take:

topically (drops) - eliminates swelling, inflammation, helps protect mucous membranes from infections
inside - normalizes the processes of digestion, which are difficult with enzyme deficiency, characteristic of

Antiseptic properties help against:

burns, cuts
boils, eels
purulent inflammation
eczema
dermatitis

How to cook?

Leave the plant on a "starvation diet" first, do not water for a week, then the concentration of active substances will increase.

Place the cut foliage in the refrigerator - unfavorable conditions “force” the plant organism to produce biogenic stimulants.

Ten days later, the foliage is thoroughly crushed, previously washed with cold water. Using a thick gauze layer, wring out, then boil for three minutes.

Useful qualities do not last long. Inside take freshly squeezed, diluted with water 100 ml., Single portion of 30 ml. The course is three weeks.

Contraindications

hypertension
hemorrhoids
polyps
fibrous formations
liver pathology

Sea buckthorn oil

An auxiliary natural component that prevents the growth of bacteria. Eliminates dryness of the mucous membrane that occurs after vasoconstrictor drops.

The consistency is thick, the oil “gently” envelops the mucous membrane, the inflammation subsides. As a result, the swelling gradually subsides, the amount of secretion produced decreases. The nasal breath.

Oil properties

antioxidant
regenerating
antimicrobial

Honeycomb

Useful qualities are due to the composition:

vitamins
mineral acids, substances
simple sugars (glucose, fructose)
starch

There are diametrically opposite points of view about the benefits and harms of honey for allergy sufferers. The truth is "located" approximately in the middle, since the allergy is an individual pathology.

Allergens vary among patients, therefore, it is required to evaluate the possibility of using honey separately in each specific situation.

Previously, beekeeping products were unambiguously referred to the list of active allergens, categorically unacceptable for allergy sufferers.

However, honey is able to “qualitatively” strengthen the immune system, which is fundamentally necessary for allergic pathologies.

The percentage of patients with "direct" (direct) allergy to honey is insignificant. The connection of an allergic reaction with pollen from plants from which the bee takes bribes is much stronger.

The main thing is to choose the right honey plant, using special testing, which makes it possible to ascertain the degree of the plant's allergic effect on the body. Linden honey is recognized as the most “calm”.

If there are no such problems, the body perceives honey products normally, then they must be included in the treatment of allergies. After all, they “work” by restoring immunity, saturating the body with valuable trace elements and minerals.

Regular chewing of honeycombs will help in (allergic is no exception), removing negative symptoms.

The course is long, the treatment interval is six months, but the effort spent will not be in vain, the risks of exacerbation of an allergic rhinitis will be minimized.

The effectiveness of the therapy carried out can last up to five years.

If, with the onset of seasonal exacerbation, symptomatic manifestations of respiratory allergy are distinct, pronounced, then preparatory preventive “work” should be started in advance.

In advance, before the onset of exacerbations, use according to Art. l. honeycomb.

Until the allergy symptoms subside, continue eating honeycomb honey, drinking honey water, and chewing wax lids more often if necessary.

A reasonable combination of the voiced actions contributes to the effective fight against non-infectious rhinitis.

Black elderberry

The berry helps with exacerbations of hay fever, restoring, strengthening the immune system. It is permissible to use it alone or in combination with other medicinal plants.

The chemical composition is enriched with flavonoids (strong antioxidants), and more than in blueberries and cranberries.

Useful qualities:

increases hemoglobin
enhances liver function

How to make elderberry juice

Select ripe fruits, wash, pour boiling water over for ten minutes. Then, throwing it back into a colander, grind, squeeze the juice, add sugar, at the rate of 300 gr. per kilogram of berries. Bring the resulting mixture of juice and sugar to a boil, fill pre-sterilized containers, close the lid. Take with exacerbations, a tablespoon three times a day.

Herbal collection for the common cold

The recipe is uncomplicated, but it is able to "support" the body in the moments of struggle against respiratory allergies.

Required components:

rhizome of burdock, dandelion, nettle - 4 parts
strawberry leaf - 3
wormwood - 2

Thoroughly chop, mix, brew in a thermos. One Art. l. collection for 300 ml. Insisting at night, strain in the morning, drink in equal portions throughout the day.

Be patient, do two two-week courses, with breaks of thirty days.

In the future, keep the runny nose under control, repeating the course every year.

Recipe comment

Let's take a closer look at the collection components.

Wormwood

Universalism, prevalence in recipes is due to the composition, an impressive list of biologically active substances. Most of them are concentrated in the ground part.

Chemical composition:

Flavonoids - fight inflammation, disinfect. Let's single out artemisetin - a natural antibiotic that prevents bacteria from multiplying and has a detrimental effect on E. coli.
Glycosides - normalize digestion, create a choleretic effect.
, with which bitter wormwood is saturated, have a cardiac stimulating effect. Hamazulen - an anti-inflammatory substance obtained from the plant is used in the treatment of asthma, helps with burns, dermatitis.
Organic acids - perform cleansing procedures, ensure the stability of the nervous system.
Tannins - heals wounds, prevents bleeding, eliminates diarrhea, and fights infection.

The rich representation in the composition of wormwood of minerals (selenium, bromine, zinc, molybdenum, magnesium), vitamins A, B, C, allow the plant to be used for various pathologies of the gallbladder and kidneys. Effective against polyps, proctitis.

With regard to allergies, if it is absent on the plant itself, then the herb is prescribed independently, or together in collections with other herbs.

The bitterness of wormwood has a tonic effect on the immune system, detoxifying the body.

Contraindications

porphyria
epilepsy
pregnancy
ulcer, acute variant of cholecystitis, pancreatitis,
anemia
allergy to plants identical in properties - daisies, chrysanthemum, ragweed, marigold

Separate, close attention is required by the issue of interaction of drugs based on wormwood with drugs, dosage.

Never exceed the doctor's prescription, consultation is required.

Independent manipulations with the regimen, overdose, long-term uncontrolled intake, with a high degree of probability, can significantly aggravate the situation.

List of probable problems:

intoxication
mental disorder, excessive agitation
seizure activity
the appearance of symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia
hallucinations
clouding of consciousness

Conclusion: the medicinal and risk components of the properties of this herb are often “located nearby”. Be sure to discuss with your doctor the therapeutic possibilities of wormwood in relation to your disease.

Strawberry leaf

Multivitamin, strengthens immunity, improves metabolic processes, enriched with citric, quinic, malic acids. Strawberry foliage prevents inflammation.

It is required to collect the foliage fresh, at the stage of flowering berries, then dry.

Contraindicated during pregnancy, as it tones the uterus.

Burdock root

With the allergic nature of inflammation, the significance of the procedure for cleansing the body from toxins increases significantly.

Burdock, possessing the necessary qualities, copes well with this task.

It has a detrimental effect on internal toxins that are formed in large quantities with allergies.

Properties:

pain reliever
mild laxative
diaphoretic
diuretic

Burdock rhizome stimulates the enzymatic function of the pancreas, which has a positive effect on the “well-being” of the skin. Contributes to the normalization of digestion processes, cleanses the intestines.

The plant is an excellent antiseptic and disinfectant, assists the body by destroying pathogenic microorganisms, eliminating the manifestations of allergies.

Nettle

A versatile plant rich in vitamins, trace elements, organic acids. Nettle foliage contains:

iron
potassium
manganese
vitamins K, E, B, C

Medicinal properties:

boosts immunity
“Inhibits” various etiologies
pronounced tonic effect

Indications:

respiratory diseases
disorders of the digestive tract
high blood sugar

Dandelion

Due to the presence in the composition of fiber, the roots of the plant do an excellent job of cleansing the body of harmful substances.

Useful qualities:

improves the "performance" of the pancreas
stabilizes the production, outflow of bile
normalizes digestion (the gastrointestinal tract functions smoothly and efficiently)
improves metabolic processes
prevents the appearance of kidney stones
removes harmful salts

Indications:

intestinal, respiratory allergies
skin pathologies (dermatitis, diathesis, seborrhea, sunburn)

Contraindications:

four-millimeter, ducts (due to the outflow of bile, they can move)
stomach ulcer attack
increased acidity
individual intolerance

Liquorice root

Helps with bronchial asthma, colds, when the secret is poorly separated, thick, viscous.

A teaspoon of chopped root in a quarter liter of water. Boil for 15 minutes, drain. Take 70 ml.

Contraindications:

heart failure
obesity
pregnancy

Long-term use causes swelling, diuresis disorders. For children, taking more than a week is unacceptable, since it increases the release of estrogen.

Hyssop

The plant helps asthmatics, neutralizes asthma attacks, soothes in stressful situations, eliminating spasms and “attacking” allergic manifestations. Fights excessive sweating.

The amount of vitamin C is not inferior to kiwi. Promotes efficient sputum discharge.

Best expectation of performance from fresh young hyssop shoots, but dry grass will do if not available.

The recipe is simple, we brew 3 tbsp in a thermos. l., after waiting ten minutes, close the lid. We insist for an hour, filter. Course for a month, take 200 ml.

Contraindications:

Allergy is an inadequate response of the immune system to stimuli that are not harmful to the body, but which cause an immune response. With the development of progress and the human desire for cleanliness and comfort, the number of allergy sufferers has grown significantly.

More information about allergic cough can be found in the video:

What to give a child with a dry cough: drug therapy and alternative methods

There are also folk remedies for allergic cough:

Celery juice. Celery is a versatile vegetable. With its help, they lose weight, treat constipation, gastritis. It is believed to be beneficial for allergies too. You need to consume celery juice 1-2 tablespoons before meals.
Nettle. Nettle allergies are rare and can be used to treat coughs. Nettle relieves inflammation, which also helps with allergic bronchitis, asthma. From the dried herb, nettle makes an infusion. It is drunk in small portions up to 4 times a day.
Essential oil baths. These baths help soothe an irritated respiratory system. But when choosing oils, you need to be careful, as they can also be allergens. It is advisable to avoid citrus oils.

Before using folk remedies, you should consult your doctor. It must be remembered that allergy sufferers may experience reactions to herbs, juices, berries, honey. A person does not always know all the allergens that can cause a cough in him, therefore, the choice of such funds must be approached very carefully.

Inhalation for allergic cough

Cool steam inhalation with a home nebulizer is a very effective remedy for allergies and bronchial asthma. In the form of steam, the drugs immediately enter the respiratory system, bypassing the digestive tract. Steam preparations act faster.

Traditional medicine suggests inhalations with hot steam with the addition of honey, but such treatment can lead to increased edema. Honey itself is a strong allergen, and hot steam can burn and injure the mucous membrane.

A nebulizer is a convenient device that converts medicines into steam, which penetrates deep into the bronchi. In the treatment of allergies, various drugs are used, diluted with saline. It is very rare to find medicines that can be used in their pure form. Before use, you must read the instructions. It is not recommended to exceed the dosage.

The following drugs are used in the treatment of allergic cough:

... It is a hormonal drug that has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. It comes in the form of a suspension for inhalation. Pulmicort quickly relieves swelling, helps with bronchial asthma. The effect begins a few hours after the inhalation. Doctors recommend rinsing your mouth after each inhalation to reduce your risk of developing fungal infections.
Dexamethasone It is a hormone that has not only anti-inflammatory but also antihistamine effects. Dexamethasone effectively relieves throat swelling and bronchospasm. The drug has no age restrictions, but it is used with caution in pediatric practice.
... It is a bronchodilator drug that is considered particularly effective for bronchial asthma or a lingering dry cough. Berodual can be prescribed to children from birth. This medication is for use with a nebulizer only. It is strictly forbidden to do hot inhalation with it or to take it inside.

The effectiveness of inhalation depends not only on the drug used, but also on compliance with the rules. Inhalations are carried out in courses of 5-10 days 2-3 times a day. After inhalation, you cannot eat or drink for an hour. You also need to give rest to the vocal cords and try not to talk during this time.

Treatment of allergic cough during pregnancy

During pregnancy, a woman's hormonal background changes dramatically, the immune system is rebuilt. As a result, the body becomes more sensitive to external stimuli. Even those women who have never experienced allergy manifestations can give an allergic reaction during pregnancy. Anything can be an allergen.

Allergic cough is not only an unpleasant symptom that interferes with sleep. During pregnancy, it is dangerous because it causes tension in the abdominal wall and can lead to miscarriage or premature birth, cause swelling of the pharynx, and fetal hypoxia.

However, the treatment of allergies during pregnancy also has its own characteristics. During the first trimester, when all the systems and organs of the embryo are laid, doctors recommend refraining from taking any medications.

There are the following drugs that can be taken during pregnancy:

Suprastin. The instructions indicate that the study of the effect of the drug on the fetus was not carried out. In the 2nd and 3rd trimester, Suprastin can be prescribed to relieve an acute condition, but long-term administration of the drug is undesirable.
Claritin. Pregnancy is not an absolute contraindication, but the reaction of pregnant women to this drug can be unpredictable. Claritin is prescribed for severe allergies in extreme cases and only after consulting a doctor.
Cetirizine. In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, taking the drug is possible if the benefit to the mother outweighs the risk of complications in the fetus. Also, the drug is not recommended for people with renal failure.

Folk remedies must be treated with extreme caution, as they can worsen the situation. To prevent the appearance of an allergic cough, you need to constantly wet the house, use humidifiers and air conditioners with an air purification system, change bed linen more often, walk more in the fresh air, avoiding those plants whose pollen causes allergies.

The upper respiratory tract, primarily the nose and pharynx, is the first barrier, a place of accumulation and a natural conductor of inhalation allergens from the environment to the body.

Occupational allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract are caused by allergens of various nature. Known allergic diseases of the nasal cavity due to exposure to the body of tobacco leaves. Allergic properties when exposed to the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract are cotton fibers, wood and flour dust, pollen of some plants, etc. However, among professional allergens, the most significant role belongs to chemical substances (haptens). These include: ursol, formaldehyde, heavy metal salts (chromium, nickel, cobalt), rosin, lubricants, synthetic vitamins and antibiotics, etc.

In production conditions, the inhalation route of many substances entering the body is the leading one, as a result of which the barrier properties of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract are disrupted. This circumstance causes prolonged contact of substances with the mucous membrane, as a result of which allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract are formed in the "shock" organ: allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, rhinosinusitis, pharyngitis, rhinopharyngitis, laryngitis and pharyngolaryngitis. Of no small importance for the development of allergic diseases of the nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx are nonspecific factors of influence, in particular microclimatic conditions conducive to the penetration of the allergen into the body, disturbances in temperature and humidity, as well as increased dustiness of industrial premises. In the development of occupational allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, the role of the bacterial flora cannot be excluded. In bacteriological studies of mucus from the nasal cavity, microbes of the staphylococcus, streptococcus, neisseria, Escherichia coli, and influenza groups are most often sown. In the blood of patients with "chemical" allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, there is a high level of microbial sensitization, in particular, to staphylococcus allergens. As a rule, this is due to the presence of foci of chronic infection, chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis. However, this fact does not deny the role of a professional factor in the development of the disease. The allergic process in such cases has a mixed etiology.

In chemical industries, allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract are more common among machine operators of chemical-pharmaceutical and chemical plants, press workers, packers, galvanists, laboratory chemists, nurses, painters, radio installers, etc. Percentage of allergic diseases of the nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx among the workers in chemical production is currently 16-28%. Under production conditions, the upper respiratory tract of workers is affected by a whole complex of chemicals of a diverse spectrum of action - irritating, cauterizing, toxic, sensitizing, etc. Such a polyfactorial effect causes atypism and polymorphism of clinical allergic manifestations from the nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx. This is manifested primarily in the fact that signs of an allergic disease of the upper respiratory tract in workers of chemical plants in 72% of cases develop against the background of dystrophic changes in the mucous membrane caused by exposure to irritating and cauterizing substances.

The pathomorphological process in the mucous membrane in occupational allergies of the upper respiratory tract is characterized by the classic signs of allergic inflammation: increased vascular permeability, edema and eosinophilic tissue infiltration, hypersecretion of glands and integumentary epithelium. Features of the pathomorphological picture are in the development of signs of tissue dystrophy simultaneously with allergic changes. The latter are manifested by the transformation of a part of the cells of the ciliated epithelium into a stratified epithelium with superficial flat forms or increased desquamation of epithelial cells, "exposure" and hyalinization of the basement membrane. However, in all cases, a large number of cells are detected that secrete and secrete biogenic amines, which in turn form acute serous-exudative inflammation.

Clinical picture... The initial complaints of workers upon contact with chemical allergens are dryness, burning sensation in the nose and throat, and perspiration against the background of which paroxysms of sneezing and rhinorrhea develop, often accompanied by lacrimation. In the initial period of the disease, these symptoms may be unstable, they often eliminate (disappear) when contact with the allergen stops. The symptom of elimination is a pathognomonic sign of the etiological role of a professional factor and most often indicates the initial stage of an allergic disease and the reversibility of the process. This point is extremely important, since the timely removal of the patient from contact with industrial allergens is the main link in the prevention of occupational pathology of the upper respiratory tract.

As the allergic process develops, complaints of increasing dryness and burning become permanent, rhinorrhea is replaced by jelly-like discharge, nasal congestion appears, sometimes attacks of periodical suffocation join. Most often, allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract are formed 3-5 years after the beginning of contact with an industrial allergen, however, in some people, complaints and diseases of an allergic nature may appear from the very first days of contact. Occupational allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract are often combined with allergic dermatitis, asthmoid bronchitis, and bronchial asthma.

The clinical manifestations of allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, developed as a result of exposure to chemical allergens, are significantly different from those of bacterial and pollen allergies. Typical signs of allergic inflammation such as edema, pallor of the mucous membrane in chemical allergies, as a rule, develop against the background of hyperplastic or subatrophic and atrophic changes, which to some extent complicates the diagnosis. In this regard, when establishing a diagnosis of a professional allergic disease of the nasal cavity, pharynx or larynx, it is necessary to pay attention to the following "microsymptoms": local edema of the mucous membrane in the region of the anterior, middle and posterior ends of the inferior turbinates with its thinning in the region of the anterior nasal septum, mosaic color of the mucous membrane, i.e. alternation of areas of hyperemia, cyanosis and pallor, the presence of foamy secretion in the nasal passages, edema or edematous border of the small uvula (uvula), hypertrophy or pastiness of the lateral pharyngeal columns with edematous granules of lymphoid tissue of the posterior pharyngeal wall against the background thinning of the mucous membrane and convoluted, superficially located blood vessels. Laryngoscopy reveals a pasty intercranial space, vestibular folds, sometimes not pronounced edema of the vestibular sections and vocal folds.

For patients with occupational allergic rhinitis, the formation of polyps is not typical. However, if the disease is 3-5 years old, it is possible to form polyposis changes in the mucous membrane of the turbinates.

Treatment. In the treatment of occupational allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, hyposensitizing therapy is used, as well as preparations of local anti-inflammatory and biostimulating action. For hyposensitization, antihistamines are used (diphenhydramine, tavegil, suprastin, calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, etc.), endonasal blockade of the anterior portion of the inferior turbinates with the introduction of antihistamines, novocaine, hydrocortisone. Local treatment includes the use of vasoconstrictors, quenching with a 0.5-1% solution of silver nitrate, trichloroacetic acid. With pronounced hyperplastic processes, electrocoagulation of the mucous membrane of the lower nasal concha is used. For biostimulation of the mucous membrane with subatrophic and atrophic changes, applications with aloe, 2% yellow mercury ointment, the introduction of aloe solution under the mucous membrane into the lateral ridges of the posterior pharyngeal wall are shown. For relief of edematous and inflammatory phenomena in the larynx, installations of olive and peach oil are used in combination with a suspension of hydrocortisone, and in some cases (with pronounced inflammatory changes) with antibiotics. Physiotherapeutic procedures are widely used: electrophoresis with antihistamines, applied to the maxillary sinuses or endonasally, contribute to the reduction of allergic edema; ultrasound exposure, erythemal doses of ultraviolet rays on the collar zone, alkaline inhalations in combination with biostimulants, hyposensitizing agents.

The examination of an employee who has professional contact with an allergen begins according to the principles of general allergology: studying the medical history and allergic history, identifying aggravating factors and the symptom of elimination. Of particular importance is the study of the occupational route and sanitary and hygienic working conditions in order to establish the possibility and duration of exposure to the allergen in production conditions.

To identify the nature of pathological changes in the upper respiratory tract, non-specific diagnostic methods are used, which allow to objectively diagnose the allergic process by the presence of eosinophilia in peripheral blood, changes in the level of biogenic amines and neuraminic acid. The establishment of the localization of the allergic focus is facilitated by an X-ray examination of the paranasal sinuses, which usually reveals the presence of parietal thickening of the mucous membrane. Confirmation of the presence of an allergic disease of the upper respiratory tract can be a rhinocytological examination of mucus, which reveals eosinophilia of the mucus of the nasal cavity.

Allergic changes in the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract when exposed to chemicals, as a rule, spread to the entire upper part of the respiratory tract. It is advisable to classify these changes in workers in chemical production not only as “ allergic rhinitis», « allergic rhinosinusitis", Etc., but in most cases as" upper respiratory tract allergies».

To determine the professional identity of the disease, a differential diagnostic complex is used, which is used only in a hospital setting and includes, along with non-specific methods of specific allergy diagnostics; intradermal and scarification tests with household, pollen and bacterial allergens, revealing the presence of polyvalent sensitization, as well as skin and endonasal tests with chemical allergens. Skin testing with an industrial allergen is necessary in order to establish the minimum concentration of the permissive dose of the allergen for endonasal testing. The most reliable method for identifying the etiological role of a professional factor in the development of an allergic disease of the upper respiratory tract is an endonasal provocative test with an industrial allergen. In response to the introduction of an allergen, specific reactions of the body develop, which are detected by clinical examination and using special quantitative methods (electrothermometric and rhinocytological) studies. The test is carried out in a hospital using the application method. Distilled water is used as a solvent.

With a positive result of a test with endonasal administration of an industrial allergen, the reaction to the allergen begins in 20 minutes and, as a rule, reaches a maximum after 1 hour. Clinically, this reaction manifests itself as signs of an exacerbation of an allergic disease: rhinorrhea, sneezing, itching in the nose, the mucous membrane becomes edematous , paler or, conversely, hyperemic or cyanotic, the nasal passages are narrowed. In some cases, a dry cough appears, sometimes signs of choking. After the test, the nasal cavity is washed with an isotonic sodium chloride solution, with a pronounced positive reaction, the nasal cavity is lubricated with an adrenaline solution 1: 1000, antihistamines are prescribed inside.

The action of the allergen on the mucous membrane causes a local increase in temperature from 32.8 ± 0.16 ° C (before the test) and up to 34.4 ° C (after the test). The obligatory use of morphofunctional indicators in endonasal tests allows one to assess the local response of an organism sensitized to a given substance not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively. The cytological picture of imprint preparations after endonasal exposure is characterized by a 2-4-fold increase in comparison with the initial level in the number of test cells of the allergic process - eosinophils, secreting epithelium, macrophages with metachromatic substance in the cytoplasm. At the same time, the morphofunctional state of cells also changes - signs of hypersecretion and functional activity appear. The use of cytological assessment of imprint preparations is based on the fact that the rhinocytogram is a reflection of the morphological processes occurring in the tissue during the development of allergic changes in it from exposure to a chemical.

To determine the prevalence and severity of the process, the examination includes the determination of the function of external respiration, which are carried out in dynamics - before and after the endonasal test with a chemical allergen. In occupational allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as a rule, there is a decrease in bronchial resistance, i.e., indicators indicating a violation of bronchial patency.

If the allergic process in the upper respiratory tract is accompanied by changes in the respiratory function (pronounced or appearing only after a provocative test), then even in the absence of any clinical signs of pathology on the part of the bronchopulmonary apparatus, such a condition should be regarded as "pre-asthma", and patients need dynamic observation.

Examination of working capacity in case of allergic occupational diseases of the upper respiratory tract, it is carried out depending on the prevalence and severity of the disease, the nature of the professional activity (constant or short-term contact with the allergen during the working day), the presence of concomitant diseases.

Clinically erased forms of allergic diseases of the nasal cavity, pharynx or larynx in the absence of general allergic reactions in the dynamics of endonasal testing make it possible to consider patients as able-bodied in their profession with dynamic monitoring of the state of health and subject to desensitizing therapy once a year. Desensitizing therapy includes treatment with antihistamines: diphenhydramine, suprastin, tavegil, etc. for 2 weeks, hyposensitizing and alkaline inhalations, according to indications - local therapy: endonasal blockade and endonasal electrophoresis with antihistamines, spleninum, erythema doses zone.

In the presence of the initial manifestations of professional allergic rhinitis, in order to consolidate the results of treatment, it is recommended to transfer to a job that excludes the effects of chemical factors. In some cases, retraining is recommended for such patients.

In severe cases of the disease, with the spread of the allergic process to the paranasal sinuses, pharynx or larynx, the presence of polyposis changes in the nasal cavity, it is necessary to transfer the sick to work outside the influence of sensitizing and irritating factors. If, as a result of rational employment, the patient is forced to perform work of lower qualifications, then he is sent to VTEK to determine the percentage of disability or disability group. Such patients are shown dynamic observation and hyposensitizing therapy 2 times a year.

In 2019, allergies to the microflora of the respiratory tract and nasopharynx can be cured in adults and children using ALT technology. Long-term remission of the disease is achieved in 79% of cases.

In the human body, from birth, there are various microorganisms that are not dangerous to its vital activity, since they do not have a disease-causing effect. In most cases, it is a microflora useful to humans, participating in various physiological processes, including maintaining a constant activity of the immune system.

With an allergy to the microflora of the nasopharynx and upper respiratory tract, the so-called infectious-allergic bronchial asthma may develop, which is characterized by moderate and severe forms of the course with year-round symptoms.

Factors predisposing to allergy to the microflora of the respiratory tract:

Unfavorable environmental factors;

Frequent respiratory bacterial and viral infections;

Chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system;

Atopic respiratory diseases: allergy to household, epidermal, pollen allergens;

Uncontrolled intake of medicines: antibiotics, antiviral drugs and other drugs.

Manifestations of allergy to the microflora of the nasopharynx and upper respiratory tract:

Problems of a patient with an allergy to their own microflora
Get rid of allergies to your own microflora with autolymphocythotherapy in 2019!
"Autolymphocytotherapy" (abbreviated as ALT) has been widely used in the treatment of patients with various forms of allergic diseases for over 20 years, the method was first patented in 1992.
Alt can be used to successfully treat microflora allergies in children and adults. Children are treated with the "Autolymphocythotherapy" method after 5 years.
The method of "Autolymphocytotherapy", in addition to treatment "on its own microflora" is widely used for: atopic dermatitis, urticaria, angioedema, food allergies, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, hay fever, food allergies, allergies to household allergens, to pets, allergies to cold and ultraviolet rays (photodermatitis).
The essence of the ALT method is to use your own immune cells - lymphocytes to restore normal immune function and reduce the body's sensitivity to various allergens.
An advantageous difference between ALT and ASIT therapy is the ability to treat hypersensitivity to several allergens at once, for example, allergies to microflora and hay fever at the same time.
Autolymphocythotherapy is carried out on an outpatient basis, in an allergological office as directed and under the supervision of an allergist-immunologist. Lymphocytes are secreted from a small amount of the patient's venous blood in sterile laboratory conditions.
The selected lymphocytes are injected subcutaneously into the lateral surface of the shoulder. Before each procedure, the patient is examined in order to individually prescribe the dose of the injected autovaccine. In addition to its own lymphocytes and saline, the autovaccine does not contain any drugs. Treatment regimens, the number and frequency of injected immune cells depend on the severity of the disease. Autolymphocytes are injected in gradually increasing doses with an interval between injections from 2 to 6 days. The course of treatment for microflora allergy: 6-8 procedures.
The normalization of the functions of the immune system and a decrease in the body's sensitivity to allergens occurs gradually. Cancellation or reduction of inhaled corticosteroids during basic therapy in patients with bronchial asthma, as well as endonasal steroids for allergic rhinitis, is carried out gradually under the supervision of an allergist. The patient is given the opportunity of 3 free repeated consultations within 6 months of observation after the end of the course of treatment with the "Autolymphocythotherapy" method.
The effectiveness of treatment is determined by the individual characteristics of the immune system. This process to a certain extent depends on the patient's compliance with the recommendations of the allergist during the period of treatment and rehabilitation.
You can familiarize yourself with possible contraindications.
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Benefits of treating allergies with ALT
The effectiveness of autolymphocytotherapy in the treatment of allergy to its own microflora:
When assessing the long-term results of treatment of allergy to microflora, the following indicators of remission are achieved:
- Remission over 5 years - in 19% of cases
- Remission from 1 to 5 years - 60% of cases
- Remission less than a year was observed in 21% of patients
How much does the treatment cost?
Cost of 1 ALT procedure - 3700 rubles. The cost of a course of subcutaneous autolymphocytotherapy (6-8 procedures) is respectively 22 200-29 600 rubles.
After a course of ALT, 3 free consultations are held within 6 months of observation by an allergist. In cases where a repeated course of treatment for microflora allergy is required, an individual system of discounts is provided.
Initial allergy screening and diagnostics are carried out in accordance with Department of Health standards. Previous examinations and test results in other medical institutions are taken into account.
IgE blood tests and allergen tests can be done at official autolymphocythotherapy centers.
Allergologist-immunologist Loginina Nadezhda Yurievna will receive you in Moscow on a weekday
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