When the victory parade appeared. History of military parades on Red Square

The largest parade in the history of the CIS countries took place today on Red Square. Kazakh servicemen also took part in it. In connection with this event, we decided to tell you how the Victory Day Parades were held from 1945 to 2010.

Source: website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

The very first Victory parade took place June 24, 1945... The decision to hold it was made back in mid-May, when Soviet troops broke the resistance of the last German units that did not surrender. From the very beginning, Stalin wanted to make this event grand and unprecedented. For this, it was necessary to present all the fronts and branches of the military at the parade. On May 24, the General Staff put forward its proposals for the parade. The commander-in-chief made one amendment to them - instead of two months, he allotted only a month to organize the parade. On the same day, orders for the formation of consolidated regiments were sent to the fronts.

Each regiment was to consist of 1,000 personnel and 19 commanders. Later, already in the process of staffing the regiments, their strength increased to 1,465 people. Particularly distinguished fighters who had awards for courage displayed during the war were selected into the regiments. Each regiment was supposed to have rifle units, artillerymen, tankmen, pilots, sappers, signalmen and cavalrymen. Each branch of the army had its own dress uniform and weapons.

In addition to the combined regiments of the fronts, a separate regiment of the Navy, students of military academies and schools, as well as the troops of the Moscow garrison were supposed to pass through the Parade.

Colonel-General Sergei Shtemenko and Chief of the General Staff Alexei Antonov were appointed responsible for the parade. It is difficult even to imagine how hard this burden was given to them, because such a large-scale event had to be organized in the shortest possible time.

For 15 thousand participants in the event, it was necessary to sew a dress uniform of a new sample. Factories in Moscow and the Moscow region worked without days off and breaks, but by June 20 they coped with the task, and all the ceremonial uniforms were ready.

Separately, ten front standards had to be made. Initially, this task was assigned to a division of Moscow military builders. Unfortunately, their option was rejected, and there were only ten days left before the Parade. Experienced craftsmen from the Bolshoi Theater shops came to the rescue. Under the leadership of the head of the art shop V. Terzibashyan and the head of the mechanical shop N. Chistyakov, they prepared the standards for the deadline. These banners weighed about 10 kilograms each. To facilitate the task of those who will carry them at the parade, harnesses were developed and made, thrown on wide belts over the left shoulder, with a leather glass in which the standard shaft was attached.

The combat training of personnel began on June 10, when the combined regiments of the fronts arrived in the Moscow region. It took place at the Frunze Central Airfield. The fighters trained for six to seven hours a day. Separately, a special company was prepared, which was to carry the Nazi banners at the Parade. The soldiers trained with heavy sticks almost 2 meters long. According to the recollections of the participants after these sessions, sweat flowed from them in a stream. For the preparation of this company, soldiers of the 3rd regiment of the F.E.Dzerzhinsky division were specially assigned.

By the way, it was the poor drill that caused the cancellation of the Victory Banner on Red Square. The group of standard-bearers, consisting of Mikhail Yegorov, Meliton Kantaria and Captain Stepan Neustroev - participants in the hoisting of the Banner over the Reichstag, did not manage to learn the combat step in time at the level due to their responsible mission.

It rained heavily on the day of the parade. Because of him, the flight of equipment over the Kremlin was canceled, as well as the passage of a column of workers. The parade brought together many war heroes, deputies of the Supreme Soviet, art workers, heroes of labor. At 9:45 am, Stalin, Molotov, Voroshilov, Kalinin and other members of the Politburo rose to the podium of the Mausoleum. Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky was appointed commander of the parade. He sat on a black horse named Pole. The parade was hosted by Marshal Georgy Zhukov on a white horse of light gray suit named Kumir. At 10 o'clock they galloped towards each other. Five minutes later, a detour of the ceremonial columns lined up in the square began. From all sides a loud "Hurray!" The artillery fired 50 volleys. Zhukov got up and made a speech in which he congratulated everyone on the end of the war.

The passage of the columns was opened by Marshal Rokossovsky. He was followed by a group of young Suvorov drummers, pupils of the 2nd Moscow military music school. Already behind him were the consolidated regiments of the fronts in geographical location from north to south: Karelsky under the command of Marshal Meretskov, Leningradsky with Marshal Govorov, 1st Baltic with General Baghramyan, 3rd Belorussian led by Marshal Vasilevsky, 2nd Belorussian with the deputy commander of the troops Colonel General K.P. Trubnikov, 1st Belorussian, who was also headed by Deputy Commander Sokolovsky, 1st Ukrainian led by Marshal Konev, 4th Ukrainian with Army General Eremenko, 2nd Ukrainian with commander Marshal Malinovsky, 3 1st Ukrainian Marshal Tolbukhin, combined regiment of the Navy with Vice Admiral Fadeev.

There were many of our compatriots in the composition of these regiments. For one of them, Mukhangali Turmagambetov, the war began in July 1941 near the borders of the USSR in Belarus. Together with other units, he retreated to the west, twice he was almost captured. As a sergeant of an anti-aircraft battery, the fighter took part in the legendary battle for Moscow. He happened to take part in the historic military parade on May 7, 1941. And after passing Stalingrad, Moldova, Hungary, Romania, Carpathians and Austria, he again walked on Red Square, having passed a tough selection of ten thousand people.

After the columns of the combined regiments of the fronts, a company of soldiers carrying enemy banners began to move across the square. In preparation for the parade, 900 banners and standards of German units were removed from Germany. The commission selected two hundred of them. The soldiers approached the foot of the Mausoleum and threw the banners on the platforms specially built for this. The fighters wore white gloves on their hands to emphasize with what disgust everyone treats Nazi symbols. The first to be thrown was the label LSSAH - Hitler's bodyguard battalion. After the parade, all German flags were transferred to the Central Museum of the Armed Forces for safekeeping.

The orchestra sounded on the square again. Units of the Moscow garrison and a combined regiment of cadets of military academies and schools passed. The cadets of the Suvorov schools closed the procession. A horse brigade and soldiers on motorcycles followed the foot units.

The parade was finished with military equipment. Anti-aircraft guns in cars, batteries of anti-tank and large-caliber artillery, field artillery such as the famous ZIS-2 and ZIS-3 guns drove through the paving stones of Red Square. They were followed by the T-34 and IS tanks, followed by the combined military band.

Source Archive ITAR-TASS

After this legendary parade, such large-scale celebrations in honor of May 9 have not been held for twenty years. This day remained non-working only until 1948, when the country's leadership canceled the day off, making the New Year a non-working day. In 1965, the new Secretary General Brezhnev, himself a war veteran, remembered this holiday and decided to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Victory on a grand scale. Since then, May 9 has again become a day off and a national holiday.

The 65th parade was commanded by the commander of the Moscow military district Afanasy Beloborodov, and the parade was received by Defense Minister Rodion Malinovsky, who himself walked across the paving stones of Red Square twenty years ago at the head of the combined regiment of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.

I remember the jubilee parade for the first time in history to carry out the Victory Banner. Time put everything in its place, Kantaria and Yegorov, who did not take part in the Victory Parade, finally marched across Red Square as part of a banner group. The honor of carrying the Banner was given to the participant in the storming of the Reichstag, Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel Konstantin Samsonov.

In scale, the 65th Parade was not inferior to the first Victory Parade, and even surpassed it in the number of equipment. Almost a third of the participants in the parade were veterans of the Great Patriotic War. Equipment from the times of the war and modern weapons of the Soviet army drove across the square.

There were also political motives in the decision to hold the Victory Parade. The foreign attachés attending the parade were amazed to see huge ballistic missiles passing by. The announcer made it clear that missiles could hit targets anywhere in the world. The NATO headquarters were also seriously scared. No one knew that only mock-ups of 8K713, 8K96 missiles designed by Sergei Korolev and 8K99 designed by Mikhail Yangel had passed through the area. In reality, samples of these missiles have not yet been collected and tested. As a result, after the failure of the tests, they never went into series.

In the history of the parades on May 9, there was again a break of 20 years. The next, third of them took place only in the 85th, to the 40th anniversary of the Victory. On the tribunes that day stood the new General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Mikhail Gorbachev and members of the Politburo. The parade was commanded by General of the Army Pyotr Lushev, and was received by Defense Minister Marshal Sergei Sokolov. He also addressed the military with a speech in which he paid attention to the role of the European Resistance and the countries of the anti-fascist coalition in the victory. At the same time he remarked: "Bourgeois propaganda relieves responsibility from those who unleashed the war and tries to belittle the role of the Soviet Union in defeating the fascist invaders."

The drummers of the Moscow Military Music School opened the parade. The banner group followed them. The Victory Banner was carried by a participant in the war, an ass-fighter who shot down 46 Nazi planes, twice Hero of the Soviet Union - Nikolai Skomorokhov. 150 banners were carried across the square, the most distinguished units during the war years. In the historical part of the parade, columns of veterans marched: Heroes of the Soviet Union, full holders of the Orders of Glory, participants in the 45th year parade, partisans and home front workers. For the first time, foreign servicemen, veterans from Poland and Czechoslovakia took part in the Parade.

Students of higher military academies and schools marched in the columns of modern troops. Among them were representatives of the Frunze Military Academy, the V.I.Lenin Military-Political Academy, the Dzerzhinsky Academy, the Academy of Armored Forces, the Academy of Chemical Protection. In addition, paratroopers, marines, Suvorov and Nakhimovs marched across the square. The passage of the foot columns was completed by the Kremlin cadets, students of the Moscow Higher Military Command School.

The passage of the technique was also divided into historical and modern parts. For the last time in the history of the Soviet Union, T 34-85 tanks, self-propelled guns SU-100, Katyusha - BM-13 mortars drove across the square.

Source Archive ITAR-TASS

The 1985 parade featured a lot of new technology that had entered service just a few years earlier. A total of 612 units of military equipment were used. The soldiers of the Taman division drove on armored vehicles BPM-2, paratroopers on BMD-1 and BTR-70. Tankers of the Kantemirovsk division were driving T-72 tanks. From the artillery, the Gvozdika and Akatsia howitzers and the Hyacinth cannons participated in the parade. They also carried ballistic missiles (Luna-M, Tochka, R-17) across the square.

The parade in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Victory in 1995, in fact, was divided into two parts. The first of them - the historic one - took place on Red Square and began at ten o'clock. According to the organizers' idea, this parade was supposed to reconstruct the first Victory Parade. Soldiers in the uniform of the Red Army marched across the square. The Victory Banner was carried by a participant in the 1945 Victory Parade, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel-General of Aviation, retired Mikhail Odintsov. Behind him in the consolidated regiments and under the banners of the fronts, in which he fought, 4939 war and labor veterans passed.

Among the guests of the parade were UN Secretary General Boutros Ghali, US President Bill Clinton, British Prime Minister John Major, PRC President Jian Zemin, Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien. As well as the heads of the former Soviet republics: President of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev, President of Armenia Levon Ter-Petrosyan, President of Georgia Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev and others.

The modern part of the parade took place on Poklonnaya Hill, where a tribune was specially built for this. The parade was commanded by Colonel-General Leonid Kuznetsov, and was received by Russian Defense Minister Pavel Grachev. The parade was attended by 10 thousand people, 330 units of military equipment, 45 aircraft, 25 helicopters. It lasted a record two hours.

Cadets of the Frunze Academy, the Dzerzhinsky Academy, the Academy of Armored Forces, the Ryazan Airborne School, etc., marched in the foot columns. For the first time, students of the Military Academy of Economics, Finance and Law, which opened in 93, were involved in the parade. The parade was attended by BTR-80, BMP-3, T-80 tanks, multiple launch rocket system "Smerch", air defense system S-300. It was quite in the spirit of that time to refuse to participate in the ballistic missile parade.

For the first time in the history of Victory Day celebrations, the aviation part of the parade was held. Il-78 tanker aircraft accompanied by front-line Su-24 bombers were demonstrated, MiG-31 fighters, An-124 Ruslan cargo giants, and Ka-27 helicopters intended for shipborne operations flew by.

On June 24, 1945, the legendary parade in honor of the end of the Great Patriotic War was held on Red Square in Moscow. The parade was attended by 24 marshals, 249 generals, 2,536 officers and 31,116 privates and sergeants. In addition, the audience was shown 1,850 units of military equipment. Interesting facts about the first Victory Parade in the history of our country are waiting for you further.

1. The Victory Parade was hosted by Marshal Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov, not Stalin. A week before the day of the parade, Stalin summoned Zhukov to his dacha and asked if the marshal had forgotten how to ride. He has to drive more and more staff cars. Zhukov replied that he had not forgotten how to do it and in his spare moment was trying to ride.
- That's what, - said the Supreme, - you will have to host the Victory Parade. Rokossovsky will command the parade.
Zhukov was surprised, but did not show it:
- Thank you for such an honor, but isn't it better for you to receive the parade?
And Stalin to him:
- I am already old to accept parades. Accept you, you are younger.

The next day, Zhukov drove to the Central airfield on the former Khodynka - a rehearsal for the parade was taking place there - and met with Vasily, Stalin's son. And it was then that Vasily of the Marshal was amazed. He secretly said that his father himself was going to receive the parade. He ordered Marshal Budyonny to prepare a suitable horse and went to Khamovniki, to the main army riding arena on Chudovka, as Komsomolsky Prospekt was then called. There, the army cavalrymen set up their magnificent arena - a huge, high hall, all in large mirrors. It was here on June 16, 1945 that Stalin came to shake off the old days and check whether the horseman's skills had not been lost over time. At a sign from Budyonny, they brought the snow-white horse and helped Stalin to get into the saddle. Gathering the reins in his left hand, which always remained bent at the elbow and only half active, which is why the evil tongues of the party comrades called the leader "Sukhorukim", Stalin spurred on the restive horse - and he jerked off ...
The rider fell out of the saddle and, in spite of the thick layer of sawdust, hurt his side and head ... Everyone rushed to him and helped him up. Budyonny, an awkward man, looked at the leader with fear ... But there were no consequences.

2. The Victory Banner, brought to Moscow on June 20, 1945, was to be carried across Red Square. And the calculation of the denominators was specially trained. The Guardian of the Banner in the Museum of the Soviet Army A. Dementyev claimed: the standard-bearer Neustroev and his assistants Yegorov, Kantaria and Berest, who hoisted it over the Reichstag and were sent to Moscow, were extremely unsuccessful at the rehearsal - they had no time for drill training. By the age of 22, the same Neustroev had five wounds, his legs were injured. Appointing other standard-bearers is absurd and too late. Zhukov decided not to endure the Banner. Therefore, contrary to popular belief, there was no Banner at the Victory Parade. The first time the Banner was brought to the parade was in 1965.

3. More than once the question arose: why does the Banner lack a strip 73 cm long and 3 centimeters wide, after all, the panels of all assault flags were cut to the same size? There are two versions. First: he cut off the strip and took it as a souvenir on May 2, 1945, a soldier who was on the roof of the Reichstag, Alexander Kharkov, a Katyusha gunner from the 92nd Guards Mortar Regiment. But how did he know that it was this, one of several, cotton cloth that would become the Banner of Victory?
The second version: The banner was kept in the political department of the 150th rifle division. Mostly women worked there, who were demobilized in the summer of 1945. They decided to keep a souvenir for themselves, cut off the strip and cut it into pieces. This version is most likely: in the early 70s a woman came to the Museum of the Soviet Army, told this story and showed her shred.

4. Everyone saw the footage of how fascist banners were thrown at the foot of the Mausoleum. But it is curious that the 200 banners and standards of the defeated German units were carried by the soldiers in gloves, emphasizing that it is disgusting to take even the shafts of these standards in the hands. And they threw them onto a special platform so that the standards would not touch the pavement of Red Square. The first to be thrown was Hitler's personal standard, the last - the banner of Vlasov's army. And in the evening of the same day, the platform and all the gloves were burned.

5. The directive on preparation for the parade went to the troops in a month, at the end of May. And the exact date of the parade was determined by the time required for sewing factories in Moscow to sew 10 thousand sets of ceremonial uniforms for soldiers, and the timing of sewing uniforms for officers and generals in the atelier.

6. To participate in the Victory Parade, it was necessary to pass a tough selection: not only feats and merits were taken into account, but also the appearance corresponding to the appearance of the victorious warrior, and so that the warrior was at least 170 cm tall. , especially pilots. Going to Moscow, the lucky ones did not yet know that they would have to drill for 10 hours a day for the sake of three and a half minutes of an impeccable march along Red Square.

7. Fifteen minutes before the start of the parade, it began to rain, turning into a downpour. It cleared up only in the evening. Because of this, the air part of the parade was canceled. Stalin, standing on the podium of the Mausoleum, was dressed in a raincoat and rubber boots - for the weather. But the marshals were soaked through and through. When it dried up, Rokossovsky's soaked ceremonial uniform sat down so that it was impossible to take it off - it was necessary to rip it open.

8. Zhukov's ceremonial speech survived. Interestingly, in its margins, someone carefully painted all the intonations with which the marshal had to pronounce this text. The most interesting notes: "quieter, more severe" - in words: "Four years ago, the German fascist hordes of robbery attacked our country"; "Louder, with increasing" - on the boldly underlined phrase: "The Red Army, under the leadership of its brilliant commander, went on a decisive offensive." But: "quieter, more heartfelt" - starting with the proposal "We won the victory at the cost of heavy sacrifices."

9. Few people know that there were four epoch-making parades in 1945. The first in importance is undoubtedly the Victory Parade on June 24, 1945 on Red Square in Moscow. The parade of Soviet troops in Berlin took place on May 4, 1945 at the Brandenburg Gate, and was hosted by the military commandant of Berlin, General N. Berzarin.
The Allied Forces Victory Parade in Berlin was staged on September 7, 1945. This was Zhukov's proposal after the Moscow Victory Parade. Each allied nation was represented by a combined regiment of a thousand men and armored units. But 52 IS-3 tanks from our 2nd Guards Tank Army evoked general admiration.
The Victory Parade of Soviet troops in Harbin on September 16, 1945 resembled the first parade in Berlin: our soldiers walked in field uniform. Tanks and self-propelled guns closed the column.

10. After the parade on June 24, 1945, Victory Day was not widely celebrated and was an ordinary working day. Only in 1965 did Victory Day become a public holiday. After the collapse of the USSR, Victory Parades were not held until 1995.

11. Why at the Victory Parade on June 24, 1945, one dog was carried in his arms on a Stalinist overcoat?

During the Second World War, trained dogs actively helped to clear the objects. One of them, nicknamed Dzhulbars, discovered 7468 mines and more than 150 shells while clearing areas in European countries in the last year of the war. Shortly before the Victory Parade in Moscow on June 24, Dzhulbars was wounded and could not go through the military dog \u200b\u200bschool. Then Stalin ordered to carry the dog across Red Square in his greatcoat.

The Victory Parade in Moscow on Red Square on June 24, 1945 is a historical parade to commemorate the victory of the USSR over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War. The parade was received by the Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief, Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov. The parade was commanded by Marshal of the Soviet Union Konstantin Rokossovsky.

The decision to hold a parade of winners was made by Joseph Stalin shortly after Victory Day. On May 24, 1945, the proposals of the General Staff for holding the Victory Parade were reported to him. He accepted them, but did not agree with the timing. The General Staff set aside two months for the preparation of the parade, Stalin ordered the parade to be held in a month.

On June 22, 1945, the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Joseph Stalin No. 370 was published in the central Soviet newspapers: "In commemoration of the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War, I am calling on June 24, 1945 in Moscow on Red Square, a parade of troops of the active army, the Navy and the Moscow garrison. - Victory parade".

In late May - early June, intensive preparations for the parade took place in Moscow. For the host of the parade and the commander of the parade, horses were selected in advance: Marshal Georgy Zhukov - a white light gray color of the Terek breed named "Kumir", Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky - a black Krak suit named "Polyus".

For the production of ten standards, under which the combined regiments of the fronts were supposed to go to the parade, they turned to specialists from the art and production workshops of the Bolshoi Theater for help. Also in the workshops of the Bolshoi Theater hundreds of order ribbons were made, crowning the staffs of 360 battle banners. Each banner represented a military unit or unit that distinguished itself in battles, and each of the ribbons marked a collective feat marked by a military order. Most of the banners were of the guards.

On the tenth of June, the entire composition of the parade participants was dressed in a new dress uniform and began their pre-holiday training. The rehearsal of the infantry units took place at the Khodynskoye field, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Central airfield; on the Garden Ring, from the Crimean Bridge to Smolenskaya Square, a review of artillery units was held; motorized and armored vehicles conducted a review-training at the training ground in Kuzminki.

To participate in the celebration, consolidated regiments from each front operating at the end of the war were formed and prepared, which were to be led by the front commanders. From Berlin, it was decided to bring the Red Banner hoisted over the Reichstag. The formation of the parade was determined in the order of the general line of the operating fronts - from right to left. For each consolidated regiment, military marches were specially identified, which were especially loved by them.

The penultimate rehearsal for the Victory Day parade took place at the Central Airport, and the general rehearsal took place on Red Square.

The morning of June 24, 1945 was cloudy and rainy. By 9 o'clock, the granite stands at the Kremlin wall were filled with deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the RSFSR, workers of the people's commissariats, cultural figures, participants in the anniversary session of the USSR Academy of Sciences, workers of Moscow factories and factories, hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church, foreign diplomats and numerous foreign guests. At 9.45, members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party, headed by Joseph Stalin, ascended to the Mausoleum.

The parade commander, Konstantin Rokossovsky, took a place to move towards the host of the parade, Georgy Zhukov. At 10.00, with the chiming of the Kremlin chimes, Georgy Zhukov on a white horse rode out to Red Square.

After the announcement of the command "Parade, Attention!" the roar of applause swept through the square. Then a combined military orchestra of 1400 musicians under the direction of Major General Sergei Chernetsky sang the hymn "Glory to the Russian people!" Mikhail Glinka. After that, the commander of the parade Rokossovsky gave a report on readiness for the start of the parade. The marshals made a detour of the troops, returned to the Lenin Mausoleum, and Zhukov, having risen to the podium, on behalf and on behalf of the Soviet government and the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) congratulated "the valiant Soviet soldiers and the entire people on the Great Victory over Nazi Germany." The anthem of the Soviet Union sounded, 50 volleys of artillery salute were heard, a three-time “Hurray!” Sounded over the square, and a solemn march of troops began.

Combined regiments of the fronts, the People's Commissariat of Defense and the Navy, military academies, schools and parts of the Moscow garrison took part in the Victory Parade. Consolidated regiments were manned by privates, sergeants and officers of various branches of the armed forces who distinguished themselves in battles and had military orders. Following the regiments of the fronts and the navy, a combined column of Soviet soldiers entered Red Square, carrying 200 banners of the German fascist troops, which were defeated on the battlefields, lowered to the ground. These banners were thrown to the foot of the Mausoleum to a drumbeat as a sign of the crushing defeat of the aggressor. Then, units of the Moscow garrison marched in a solemn march: the consolidated regiment of the People's Commissariat of Defense, the military academy, military and Suvorov schools, the consolidated equestrian brigade, artillery, mechanized, airborne and tank units and subunits. The parade ended on Red Square with the passage of the combined orchestra.

The parade lasted 2 hours (122 minutes) in the pouring rain. It was attended by 24 marshals, 249 generals, 2536 other officers, 31,116 sergeants and soldiers.
At 23 o'clock, out of 100 balloons raised by anti-aircraft gunners, 20 thousand rockets flew in volleys. The culmination of the holiday was a banner with the image of the Order of Victory, which appeared high in the sky in the beams of searchlights.

The next day, June 25, a reception was held at the Grand Kremlin Palace in honor of the participants in the Victory Parade. After a grandiose holiday in Moscow, at the suggestion of the Soviet government and the High Command, in September 1945, a small Allied Forces Parade was held in Berlin, in which Soviet, American, British and French troops took part.

On May 9, 1995, in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, a jubilee parade of war veterans and home front workers with units of the Moscow garrison was held in Moscow on Red Square, which, according to the plan of its organizers, reproduced the historic Victory Parade of 1945 of the year. It was commanded by General of the Army Vladislav Govorov, and was received by Marshal of the Soviet Union Viktor Kulikov. The parade was attended by 4939 war veterans and home front workers.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

On June 24, 1945, at 10 o'clock in the morning, a parade was held on Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the Soviet Union's victory over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War. The parade was hosted by Marshal of the Soviet Union GK Zhukov, First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR and Deputy Supreme Commander, Commander of the 1st Belorussian Front. The parade was commanded by the commander of the 2nd Belorussian Front, Marshal of the Soviet Union K. K. Rokossovsky .

On June 22, 1945, the order of Supreme Commander-in-Chief JV Stalin No. 370 was published in the central Soviet newspapers: “In commemoration of the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War, on June 24, 1945 in Moscow on Red Square, a parade of troops of the active army, the Naval Fleet and Moscow garrison - Victory Parade.

In late May and early June, intensive preparations for the parade took place in Moscow. On the tenth of June, the entire composition of the participants was dressed in a new full dress and began their pre-holiday training. The rehearsal of the infantry units took place at the Khodynskoye field, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Central airfield; on the Garden Ring, from the Crimean Bridge to Smolenskaya Square, a review of artillery units was held; motorized and armored vehicles conducted a review training at the training ground in Kuzminki.

To participate in the celebration, consolidated regiments from each front operating at the end of the war were formed and prepared, which were to be led by the front commanders. From Berlin, it was decided to bring the Red Banner hoisted over the Reichstag. The formation of the parade was determined in the order of the general line of the operating fronts - from right to left. For each consolidated regiment, military marches were specially identified, which were especially loved by them.

The penultimate rehearsal for the Victory Day parade took place at the Central Airport, and the general rehearsal took place on Red Square. On June 22, at 10 am, Marshals of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov and K.K.Rokossovsky appeared in Red Square on white and black horses. After the announcement of the command "Parade, Attention!" the roar of applause swept through the square. Then the combined military orchestra of 1400 musicians under the direction of Major General Sergei Chernetsky sang the hymn "Glory to the Russian people!" M.I. Glinka. After that, the commander of the parade Rokossovsky gave a report on readiness for the start of the parade. The marshals made a detour of the troops, returned to the Lenin Mausoleum, and Zhukov, having risen to the podium, on behalf of and on behalf of the Soviet government and the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) congratulated "the valiant Soviet soldiers and all the people on the Great Victory over Nazi Germany." The anthem of the Soviet Union sounded and a solemn march of troops began.

Combined regiments of the fronts, the People's Commissariat of Defense and the Navy, military academies, schools and parts of the Moscow garrison took part in the Victory Parade. Consolidated regiments were manned by privates, sergeants and officers of various branches of the armed forces who distinguished themselves in battles and had military orders. Following the regiments of the fronts and the Navy, a combined column of Soviet soldiers entered Red Square, carrying 200 banners of the German fascist troops, which were defeated on the battlefields, lowered to the ground. These banners were thrown to the foot of the Mausoleum to a drumbeat as a sign of the crushing defeat of the aggressor. Then, units of the Moscow garrison marched in a solemn march: the consolidated regiment of the People's Commissariat of Defense, the military academy, military and Suvorov schools, the consolidated equestrian brigade, artillery, motorized mechanized, airborne and tank units and subunits.

At 23 o'clock the sky over Moscow was illuminated by the light of searchlights, hundreds of balloons appeared in the air, and volleys of fireworks with colorful lights were heard from the ground. The culmination of the holiday was a banner depicting the Order of Victory, which appeared high in the sky in the beams of searchlights.

The next day, June 25, a reception was held in the Grand Kremlin Palace in honor of the participants in the Victory Parade. After a grandiose holiday in Moscow, at the suggestion of the Soviet government and the High Command, in September 1945, a small Allied Forces Parade took place in Berlin, in which Soviet, American, British and French troops took part.

Lit .: Belyaev IN In the ceremonial formation of the winners: Smolyans-participants of the Victory Parades in Moscow. Smolensk, 1995; Varennikov V.I. Victory Parade. M., 2005; Gurevich Ya. A. 200 steps along Red Square: [Memories of a participant in the Victory Parades 1945 and 1985]. Chisinau, 1989; Winners: Victory Parade June 24, 1945 T. 1-4. M., 2001-2006; Shtemenko S. M. Victory Parade // Military History Journal, 1968. No. 2.

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11/07/1927 The square is still without paving stones - it will appear between 1930-1931, when the second wooden Lenin mausoleum will be replaced with a reinforced concrete one with granite facing. There is no central tribune on the Mausoleum either; before that, the Soviet leaders stood on a small platform on the side. The pole with loudspeakers is the remnant of a tram line that was laid here in 1909. Only openwork pendants for wires were removed from the posts.

Red Square is not only the most popular and visited place in the capital of Russia by tourists, a visiting card and the heart of our country. It has long been the main military parade ground of the Fatherland. It was here that glorious military parades were held, the splendor and power of which have always aroused not only the pride of compatriots for their state, but also fear among enemies and political rivals.

Despite the change of governments, social systems and even the name of the country, on strictly established days of public holidays, colorful rituals with the participation of the elite of the army and navy have been held at the walls of the Kremlin for many decades. The main purpose of the military parade, in addition to the magnificent extravaganza, is to demonstrate the readiness of our country at any time to repel the military invasion of enemies, to make them suffer severe punishment for encroachments on the holy Russian land.

Let's briefly recall the history of military parades on the square ...

The history of military parades dates back to the middle of the 17th century, when the trading square, Torg, in front of the Kremlin walls did not yet bear its current name. Then the Torg was the place where the royal decrees were announced, public executions were carried out, the trading life was raging, and on holy holidays it was here that mass processions of the cross were held. The Kremlin at that time looked like a well-fortified fortress with gun turrets and a huge moat encircling it, bounded on both sides by white stone walls.

Red Square in the second half of the 17th century, by Apollinarius Vasnetsov

The word "red" in Russia at that time was called everything beautiful. The square with delightful tent-roofed domes on the Kremlin towers became so called during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. By this time, the fortress had already lost its defensive significance. Gradually it became a tradition for Russian troops after another victorious battle to proudly walk past the Kremlin along the central square. One of the most stunning spectacles of ancient times was the return of the Russian army from Smolensk in 1655, when the tsar himself walked in front with his bare head, carrying his little son in his arms.

Many historians believe that the first parade can be considered, which took place on October 11, 1702, after the army led by Peter the Great returned after the capture of the Oreshek fortress (Noteburg). That day, Myasnitskaya Street was covered with red cloth, along which the tsar's gilded carriage rode, dragging the defeated Swedish banners along the ground. Another group of experts is inclined to argue that the first is the parade of 1818, which took place in honor of the opening of the monument to citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky, known to all guests of the capital. At that time, Red Square already had the outlines that were familiar to us and became quite suitable for military reviews. The protective ditch was filled up, and a boulevard appeared in its place. The building of the upper trading rows was built opposite the Kremlin wall. During the coronation celebrations, the emperor's cortege passed through the square, following to the Spassky Gate to enter the Kremlin.

Military parades became more widespread at the end of the 18th century. In St. Petersburg, they were traditionally held twice a year: in the winter on Palace Square, and in the spring on the Field of Mars. And in the First See, the processions of troops were organized from time to time and took place on the territory of the Kremlin. There have been exceptions, though. For example, on May 30, 1912, when a monument to Emperor Alexander III was unveiled near the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, a solemn procession of military units headed by Nicholas II personally took place near the new monument. The tsar was then followed by a company of palace grenadiers and a combined infantry regiment, which is the predecessor of the current Presidential regiment in Russia. Then, saluting the king, they marched in helmets with eagles and white elite tunics of the cavalry guards, performing the honorary function of the imperial guard. The last Moscow parade with the participation of Nicholas II took place on August 8, 1914, that is, just a week after the start of the First World War. In honor of the Tsar's birthday, a military review was held in the Kremlin, but on Ivanovskaya Square.

Nicholas II receives a parade during the opening ceremony of the monument to Alexander III

Soon after the abdication of Nicholas II from the throne in the spring of 1917, when power was transferred to the Provisional Government, on March 4, a review of the revolutionary army was held under the command of the commander of the Moscow garrison, Colonel Gruzinov. The entire Red Square and the streets adjacent to it were occupied by a festive crowd, over which airplanes flew. An endless stream of people in military greatcoats with gleaming bayonets moved in orderly rows across the square. This is how eyewitnesses remember the first parade in the history of new Russia.

In March 1918, after the Bolsheviks seized power and the general euphoria of bourgeois revolutionary transformations was replaced by political chaos, fratricidal war and the complete collapse of the economy, the top leadership moved from Petrograd to Moscow. Since then, Red Square has become the main venue for all state celebrations, and the Kremlin has become the permanent seat of the country's government.
When traces of the battles of November 1917 were still visible on the Kremlin walls, Nikolskaya and Spasskaya towers, a tribune for the parade in honor of the May 1 celebration in the spring of 1918 was installed near the Kremlin walls among the fresh mass graves of revolutionaries. The wooden structure in the shape of a rectangle has become a kind of monument to the victims of the struggle for a "bright future". On that day, columns of demonstrators, consisting of Red Army soldiers and civilians, began their movement from the Historical Passage to the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed. The first parade of the Red Army units, in which, according to the official statement, about thirty thousand people participated, took place in the evening of the same day on the Khodynskoye field, and was led by the commissar for military affairs, Lev Trotsky. There were some incidents at that parade: a regiment of Latvian riflemen, who were then used to protect the government, left the parade site in full force, expressing their distrust to Trotsky.

Despite the declaration originally adopted by the Bolsheviks on the rejection of imperial traditions, military reviews and processions have not lost their relevance. The next ceremonial passage of troops took place in honor of the first anniversary of the October Revolution and already on Red Square. By November 7, 1918, the central square of the country was hastily put in order, and the memorable procession was personally greeted by the leader of the proletariat, Vladimir Ulyanov-Lenin. It should be noted that the first parades of post-revolutionary Russia barely resembled the military processions of the Tsar's army, they were more like popular processions with the participation of the military.

VI Lenin delivers a speech on Red Square on the day of the celebration of the 1st anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Moscow, November 7, 1918

Since then, parades have been held on various occasions. For example, in March 1919, a procession took place dedicated to the Moscow Congress of the Third International. And at the May Day parade in the same year, a tank drove through Red Square for the first time after the columns. On June 27, 1920, a parade was held in honor of the congress of the Second International, which was organized more professionally. The central tribune had an interesting appearance, which looked like an observation point at the top of a hill, and the military formations were advancing not chaotically, but in orderly rows. On May 1, 1922, a new ceremony related to the taking of the military oath appeared in the regulations of the military parade. This tradition was maintained until 1939. Like the parades of the imperial army at the first post-revolutionary processions, the crews moved in a long formation in two lines. It was quite difficult to move in clear rows along the broken stone pavement in this order.

The next significant changes in the appearance of Red Square took place after the death of Lenin, the first leader of the Land of Soviets, in 1924. In front of the Senate Tower, a temporary tomb of the Leader of the Revolution was built. Four months later, a wooden mausoleum with stands on the sides appeared in its place. It was from these tribunes that from now on all the leaders of the country began to welcome the demonstrators passing during the processions. And at the entrance to the mausoleum there is a post number 1, where the cadets of the military school are constantly on duty.

On February 23, 1925, Mikhail Frunze for the first time carried out not bypassing, but bypassing military formations, sitting astride a horse.

On February 23, 1925, Mikhail Frunze, who replaced Trotsky as leader, for the first time carried out not bypassing, but bypassing military formations, sitting astride a horse. The last parade with the participation of this hero of the civil war was the May Day festive procession of 1925, at which for the first time volleys of salute were given from the cannons installed inside the Kremlin. Voroshilov, who after Frunze took up the duties of the leader of the parade, also circled the troops on horseback. From May 1, 1925, representatives of various types of troops were dressed at the parade in monotonous tunics, and the diversity in uniforms that was previously present was no longer observed. Against the general background, only a company of Baltic sailors and a column of the higher school of military camouflage stood out with white caps. In addition, infantry formations were now held in a new "checkerboard" order. They were followed by scooter cyclists, cavalry and, finally, armored vehicles, represented by armored vehicles and tanks. From that day until our time, the massive passage of military equipment during parades has become an obligatory item. This May Day parade was distinguished by another innovation, namely the participation of aviation. During the procession, eighty-eight airplanes flew over the square in a discordant wedge.

11/07/1927 The square is still without paving stones - it will appear between 1930-1931, when the second wooden Lenin mausoleum will be replaced with a reinforced concrete one with granite facing. There is no central stand on the Mausoleum either; before that, the Soviet leaders stood on a small stand on the side. The pole with loudspeakers is the remnant of a tram line that was laid here in 1909. From the pillars, only openwork pendants for wires were removed.

A distinctive feature of the parade on November 7, 1927 was that it was received by a civilian, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee Mikhail Kalinin, although the head of the parade was the Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council Voroshilov. There were no armored cars and tanks at this festive procession, as the situation in the country was tense to the limit. Stalin, who was on the sidelines, feared a military coup, since Trotsky's authority in the troops was still quite high. On the other hand, the combined North Caucasian cavalry regiment took part in the parade, which with a whoop rushed across the square in black cloaks.

In the parade on May 1, 1929, Red Square appeared for the last time in its old form with a completely broken pavement and an inappropriate wooden mausoleum among the stone walls. Lamp posts standing in the middle of the square significantly limited the width of the passing columns and made it difficult for vehicles to pass. Due to the poor condition of the paving stones, they had to be sprinkled with sand before each parade in order to facilitate the movement of military equipment and reduce the slipping of horse hooves. In this May Day parade, Russian-made armored vehicles for the first time passed through Red Square, but there were no combat weapons on the vehicles, which were replaced by sheathed models. They simply did not have time to equip the equipment with weapons. But at the November 7 parade, all combat vehicles already had full-fledged standard weapons.

The May Day parade of 1930 was held in conditions when most of the square was fenced off, behind which a new Lenin's mausoleum of stone was being erected at an accelerated pace. The reconstruction was completed by November 7 of the same year. The square was paved with the strongest paving stones of diabase, and its grandeur was now added by a new mausoleum, faced with red granite. The stands at that time were located only on the sides of the tomb. During the filming of this parade, live sound was recorded on film cameras for the first time.

From parade to parade, the number of participants and military equipment constantly increased. The only problem was that the narrow Voskresensk gates of Kitai-Gorod limited the passage of military vehicles. In 1931, these gates were finally demolished, and the monument to Minin and Pozharsky blocking the passage was moved to the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed. In 1936, the Kazan Cathedral was also demolished, and Vasilievsky Spusk was cleared of buildings. In the heat of the moment, the Historical Museum and the Temple were almost removed, but prudence prevailed, and the priceless monuments remained in their place.

The tradition of extraordinary military parades was clearly visible in the 30s. The commemorative parade on February 9, 1934, timed to coincide with the 17th Party Congress, was striking in its scale. It was attended by forty-two thousand military personnel, of which twenty-one thousand were infantrymen, and one thousand seven hundred were horsemen. On that day, five hundred twenty-five tanks marched through the central square of the country, and the parade itself lasted more than three hours! The inspection showed that over a five-year period, the technical equipment of the Red Army has increased many times, turning it into a formidable, well-trained force, which was noted by the foreign diplomats and correspondents present. The Times wrote that the Soviet Army did indeed display first-class discipline and organization, although it pointed out the fact that one tank, a naval machine gun and a searchlight were disabled during the march. Such embarrassment, of course, sometimes happened. In the event of an unforeseen breakdown of equipment, detailed plans were even developed for its rapid evacuation away from the eyes of observers. However, at the parade in 1932, a foreigner took pictures of the collision of two carts.

At the parade of the troops of the Moscow garrison. 1934 year.

In response to the beginning of the militarization of Germany and the change in the political situation in Europe in 1935, Stalin decided to demonstrate the full power of the Soviet military forces. Five hundred tanks took part in the May Day parade, eight hundred aircraft took off, the flagship of which was the eight-engine Maxim Gorky, accompanied by two fighters. After them, bombers flew in several tiers, which literally covered the sky over the square with their wings. A real sensation was caused by the five red I-16s that appeared in the sky. Having descended almost to the battlements of the Kremlin wall, these fighters roared over the spectators. According to Stalin's order, each of the pilots of this five received not only a cash prize, but also an extraordinary title.

Since the imperial eagles located on the towers of the Kremlin and the Historical Museum no longer fit into the overall picture of Red Square, they were replaced by stars made of metal with Ural gems in the fall of 1935. Two years later, these stars were replaced with ruby \u200b\u200bred with backlighting from the inside. In addition, at the end of the 30s, a central tribune was installed in front of the mausoleum, which now towered over the inscription "Lenin", symbolically emphasizing the importance of the people standing on it.

The May Day parade of 1941 was the last peaceful procession of the pre-war country. In the conditions prevailing in Europe, the demonstration of the power of the USSR was of particular importance, especially considering that among the foreign representatives there were also the highest ranks of the Wehrmacht. Budyonny believed that how successfully the Soviets showed their power and preparation could determine whether the Soviet Union would be drawn into a confrontation with the Germans. Huge moral stress led to the fact that some of the participants simply fainted, and therefore almost everyone had a bottle of ammonia in their pocket. Marshal Timoshenko's speech from the rostrum had a clearly traced main idea - the USSR's aspiration for a peaceful policy. A novelty of this parade was the participation of motorcycle units, which were just beginning to form in the Red Army. The demonstration flight of the latest dive bombers was also significant. However, according to the report of one of the Wehrmacht officers after the parade, "the Russian officer corps was in a deplorable state and made a miserable impression", and "the USSR will need at least twenty years to restore the lost command personnel." On the basis of what the above conclusions were made, one can only guess.

One of the most memorable and significant was the solemn parade of troops sent from Red Square directly to the front, which took place on November 7, 1941. These days, the front came as close as possible to the heart of our Motherland and was at a distance of seventy kilometers. The stars of the Kremlin towers were covered with covers, and the gilded domes of the cathedral were painted over for security and camouflage purposes. Contrary to Hitler's desire to mark the anniversary of October with a parade of German troops in the center of Moscow, the Soviet leadership organized its own parade, the purpose of which was to instill confidence in our compatriots and dispel the atmosphere of chaos and hopelessness that reigned at that time in the capital.

The decision to hold the parade was announced the night before on November 6 by Stalin personally at a ceremonial meeting, which began twenty minutes after the air raid was cleared, caused by an attempt by two hundred German bombers to break through to the capital. Preparations for the parade took place in the strictest secrecy, and the event itself was equated with a military operation. To ensure safety, the start of the parade was scheduled for eight in the morning, and all participants were briefed in case of an air raid. The host of the parade was the Deputy People's Commissar of Defense Marshal Budyonny, who was accompanied by the commander of the parade, Lieutenant General Artemyev.

For the first and only time that day, Stalin made a speech from the rostrum of the mausoleum, calling his compatriots sisters and brothers. His speech full of patriotism had the expected effect, inspiring the soldiers and residents of the capital leaving for battle to the inevitability of our victory over the aggressor. About twenty-eight thousand people took part in the solemn parade on November 7, 1941, and the most numerous were the NKVD troops in the amount of forty-two battalions. An interesting fact is that the beginning of the parade was not recorded on film, since for the sake of secrecy, the filmmakers were not warned about the upcoming event. Operators with cameras arrived at the square later, having heard the broadcast from the parade on the radio.

The previously classified T-60, T-34 and KV-1 tanks took part in that memorable parade for the first and last time. Unlike other celebrations, military equipment was supplied with ammunition in case an order was received to move towards the front, but the strikers were still removed from the weapons for safety and were kept by the squad leaders. After this symbolic November parade, the whole world realized that the USSR would never submit to the enemy. A commemorative reconstruction of this procession took place seventy years later in November 2011 and has been held annually on November 7 since then.
The next celebration on Red Square took place only three and a half years later on May 1, 1945, when everyone was already living in anticipation of victory, and in the depths of the fascist lair, the last bloody battles were fought. Until 1944, the Internationale was performed at military parades, which was the country's anthem. At the May Day parade of 1945, the new USSR anthem was played for the first time. A year later, the People's Commissariat of Defense will be renamed the Ministry of Defense, and the Red Army will be called the Soviet Army.

The victory parade of 1945 was even more solemn and jubilant. The decision to hold the holiday was made by the leadership on May 9, and two weeks later an order from the command was transmitted that each front should allocate a consolidated regiment of 1059 people to participate in the march. On June 19, the red banner triumphantly hoisted over the Reichstag was delivered to Moscow by plane. It was it that was obliged to be present at the head of the column, and those who directly hoisted the banner in Germany should bear it. However, in preparation for the parade, these heroic people showed unsatisfactory abilities for drill, and then Zhukov ordered to transport the banner to the Museum of the Armed Forces. Thus, in the main parade of the 20th century, which took place on June 24, 1945, the main symbol of victory never took part. He will return to Red Square only in the jubilee 1965th year.

Marshal Zhukov hosted the Victory Parade, accompanied by his adjutant astride a white stallion in the pouring rain, which slightly spoiled the solemn atmosphere of the event. The parade itself was first filmed on color trophy film, which had to be developed in Germany. Unfortunately, due to color distortions, the film was later converted to black and white. The sequence of the combined regiments was determined by the order in which the fronts were deployed in the conduct of military operations towards the end of the war from north to south. The procession was led by the regiment of the 1st Belorussian Front, whose fighters hoisted the banner in Berlin. And the apotheosis of the holiday was the deposition of enemy German banners at the Mausoleum. The parade lasted just over two hours. Stalin ordered the demonstration of workers to be excluded from the holiday program. Muscovites and front-line soldiers waited a long time for the very speech of the country's leader, but the Leader never addressed his people. Only Marshal Zhukov uttered a few phrases from the rostrum. There was not even a symbolic minute of silence at the celebration in memory of the victims. The film about the parade spread all over the country and everywhere it was screened with a full house. It is necessary to clarify that only two decades later, in 1965, May 9 will become the official Victory Day.

On August 12, 1945, a parade took place on Red Square again, but it was a procession of athletes, which was typical for the 30s. A notable fact of this event was that the representatives of the United States stood on the platform of the Mausoleum for the first and last time. A large-scale event with the participation of twenty-three thousand participants lasted for five hours, during which the continuous movement of the columns continued, and most of the square was covered with a special green cloth. The impressions of the sports parade made Eisenhower say that "this country cannot be defeated." On the same days, atomic bombs were dropped on Japanese cities.

In 1946, the question of the passage of tanks across Moscow was sharply raised in connection with the emergency post-war state of houses, which were simply destroyed when heavy equipment moved along the streets. Before preparing for a large-scale review of tank equipment on September 8, 1946, the opinion of the chief mayor was listened to, and now the route of the vehicles is being developed taking into account the state of the capital's housing stock.

From the 1957 parade, it will become a tradition to demonstrate various missile systems. In the same year, aviation did not take part in the celebration due to bad weather. The participation of pilots in parades on the main square will resume only after forty-eight years at the May 2005 parade.

Since the May Day parade of 1960, military parades have become a kind of formidable symbol of the confrontation between two political worlds. This celebration began with the adoption by Khrushchev, then in power, of the decision to destroy the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft that burst into the sky over the USSR and proceeded to the Urals. Emotional Nikita Sergeevich took such impudence as a personal insult. A decisive response with the help of an anti-aircraft complex put an end to the possibility of peacefully resolving the urgent issues between England, the USA and the USSR.

Since 1965, over the next eighteen years, military parades on Red Square were hosted by L.I. Brezhnev. The order of the location of the main persons of the country on the tribune of the mausoleum in those years spoke eloquently about the preferences among the leaders and about the attitude of the first person to those close to him.
The parade on May 1, 1967, held in the year of the 50th anniversary of Soviet power, was distinguished by the holding of a theatrical historical show with the participation of columns of Red Army soldiers dressed in Civil War overcoats, commissars in leather jackets and sailors belted with machine-gun belts. After a long temporary break, a squadron of cavalrymen reappeared on the square, behind which carts with machine guns thundered on the pavement. Then the procession was continued by armored vehicles imitating samples of the early 20th century with built-in Maxim machine guns.

In 1968, the last May Day military parade took place. From this year on, on May 1, only columns of workers passed through the square. And military equipment was taken out to the square for review only once a year on November 7. During the years of stagnation, which lasted twenty years and led to the collapse of the USSR, after the signing of an arms reduction treaty in 1974, ICBMs were demonstrated to the people on Red Square for the last time. In 1975 and 1976, armored vehicles did not take part in the parades and the celebrations took only thirty minutes. However, on November 7, 1977, tanks appeared again at the main parade of the country. And on November 7, 1982, Brezhnev appeared for the last time on the platform of the mausoleum.

After the change of several leaders on March 11, 1985, M.S. Gorbachev. At the parade in honor of the 40th anniversary of the victory on May 9, 1985, which was held according to the already familiar scenario, not only Russian wars, participants in World War II, but also Poles, as well as veterans from the Czech Republic, marched in the column of veterans.

The last parade of Soviet power on Red Square took place on November 7, 1990, when the head of state, Mikhail Sergeevich, like Stalin, made a speech from the rostrum of the Mausoleum. However, his address to the people was full of trivialities and hackneyed phrases. Soon after that, the collapse of the USSR occurred with the subsequent division and division of the army's property ...

Victory parades in honor of the feat of the Russian people in the Great Patriotic War began to be held only on anniversary dates, they were held in 1985 and 1990. In the period from 1991 to 1994, this tradition was completely forgotten. However, in 1995, an order of May 19 appeared in Russia, according to which, in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Great Victory, the tradition of holding commemorative celebrations and parades in hero cities was revived, but at the same time the participation of military equipment, which caused great damage to their infrastructure, was excluded. In the same year, demonstration performances were held near Poklonnaya Gora, where new models of military vehicles and equipment were demonstrated. And a few columns of war veterans marched along the main square of the country.

Starting on May 9, 2008, military parades on Red Square again became regular, resuming seventeen years later. Today's parades are significantly different not only by the increased technical capabilities and the presence of a mass of colorful special effects, but also by the unprecedented amount of equipment involved, not only military, but also filming, which allows showing the event in the most favorable angles and making close-ups of any place or person. In addition, a huge screen is being installed at the stands, on which a live picture of the passing parade is displayed.

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