I fell into the "trap"
Here is what the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Leonid Brezhnev reported about a high-profile emergency in the capital, Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Yuri Andropov: “On February 4, 1981, at about 19:30 on the street. Kirov in Moscow in his official car during the opening of an explosive device of the "trap" type, camouflaged under a box of medicines and transferred through employees, the chief designer of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KKBAS) of the Ministry of Aviation Industry of the USSR Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhnoy, born in 1934, died from an explosion , Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of KuAI.
Due to the fact that Berezhnoy was a candidate for membership in the Kuibyshev City Committee of the CPSU, a deputy of the City Council and the head of the KKBAS, which was engaged in the development of important defense topics, a criminal case into his death was initiated on February 5, 1981 by the Investigation Department of the KGB of the USSR. Taking into account the personality of the deceased and the circumstances of his death, several investigative versions have been put forward and are being worked out in the case.
Nothing like this has ever happened either in Kuibyshev, or in Moscow, or in the USSR in general. To physically eliminate a "secret" scientist in our country, and even in such an exotic way - something the KGB could not imagine even in a nightmare.
but on the other hand
However, in those years almost no one knew about the second side of Igor Berezhny's life, carefully hidden from the public eye - about his participation in frauds under the guise of the KKBAS sign. It is possible that no one would have known about this if the above-mentioned emergency had not happened. After the explosion in the car and the death of the designer, the State Security Committee took up the affairs of the KKBAS. On the fact of the state of emergency, a criminal case No. 59 was opened here, which the KGB themselves called "Kapkan".
And the results of the first checks shocked even the leadership of the KGB. During a subsequent audit, numerous abuses surfaced in the financial and economic activities of the bureau. As a result, the USSR Prosecutor's Office opened another criminal case on August 25, 1981 - first under Art. 170 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (abuse of office), and then under Art. 93-1 (theft of state property on an especially large scale).
It turned out that the management of the KKBAS was simply writing off the inventory acquired at the expense of the budget. The head of the technical department of the KB, 47-year-old Gennady Nerozya, his deputy, 28-year-old Vladimir Nekhoroshev, the photographer of the same department, 32-year-old Mikhail Tsygankov, and the head of the special technical bureau of the KKBAS in Moscow, 58-year-old Solomon Berenshtein, were involved in this.
All of the above scammers were supposed to be arrested on the same day, but Tsygankov drank a lethal dose of dichloroethane before being detained. During the arrest, Nerozya also tried to commit suicide, in front of the investigator's eyes he stabbed himself in the stomach, but he was immediately taken to the hospital, where doctors saved his life. Nekhoroshev was soon released from the pre-trial detention center on recognizance not to leave, since the investigation considered that the total volume of abuses committed by him was not too great.
It turned out that on a special scale from all Nerozya, who, being a financially responsible person, copied and then sold at a good price literally everything that came to his hand: large consignments of imported film "Kodak", photographic films "Orvo-Chrom" and "Orvo- Color ”, imported color photographic paper and chemicals, and so on. At the same time, Tsygankov helped him to sell the written-off deficit.
In addition, by mutual agreement, the robbers converted into cash and other material values \u200b\u200bregularly purchased by the KKBAS - TVs, projectors, furniture, ethyl alcohol, spare parts, fabric, etc. In total, during 1976-1981, fraudsters were able to steal state property totaling 21,266 rubles. Huge money at that time, considering that the average salary of an engineer did not exceed 120 rubles a month.
As for the role of Igor Berezhny himself, on this score the investigator for especially important cases of the USSR Prosecutor's Office Nikolai Antipov issued the following resolution: “… Berezhny's actions… contain signs of a crime under Art. 92 h. 2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR ". However, here the investigator decided: "The criminal case against Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhny should be terminated with further proceedings in connection with the death of the latter."
Prosecutorial decision
But, of course, the investigation was most interested in another question: who exactly and, most importantly, why did it take to eliminate Igor Berezhny? From the materials available in the case, it is clear that the KGB of the USSR almost immediately ruled out the possible participation of foreign special services in the case. Therefore, they began to look for the cause of the emergency in Kuibyshev, inside the KKBAS.
But the first perpetrators of the incident were named only three years after the death of Berezhny. The decree of the Investigative Department of the KGB of the USSR of January 30, 1984 says this: “... it was established that an improvised explosive device was transferred to Berezhny ... through other persons by Nerozya, who admitted that he had committed a crime on domestic grounds. In this regard, he was charged under item "d" of Art. 102 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR "(premeditated murder under aggravated circumstances. - VE). After that, all the materials about the explosion were separated from the general criminal case and transferred for further actions from the KGB of the USSR to the Prosecutor's Office of the USSR.
It would seem that the investigation into the incident is almost complete. The main culprit has been identified, and now only some formalities need to be settled and the case brought to court. However, on November 12, 1984, the USSR Prosecutor's Office issued a resolution ... to discontinue this criminal case due to the "lack of evidence of the charges brought against Neroza."
The author of these lines did not manage to find any information about whether after that the search for those responsible for the murder of the head of the secret Kuibyshev KB continued in the allied prosecutor's office. However, it is obvious that if the investigation continued, then it did not lead to the capture of any other criminals.
The killer is unknown
In the spring of 1985, the criminal case against Nerozi, Nekhoroshev and Berenshtein on the theft of state property on an especially large scale was transferred to the Kuibyshev Special Court. So in Soviet times, special units were called in the structure of all regional courts of the USSR, where criminal cases were heard, in which secret enterprises were involved in one way or another. The proceedings in this case were taken by judge Alexander Shchupakov, who at that time was the chairman of the special court. But despite the fact that then he considered only materials about the embezzlement, Shchupakov had his own version of the murder of Igor Berezhny.
- There is no doubt that Berezhnoy was aware of most of the abuses taking place at the KKBAS, - says Alexander Anatolyevich. - After all, it was he who endorsed many acts for the cancellation of material assets. At the same time, I believe that the main organizer of the embezzlement was not Nerozya at all, but Berenshtein, whose role in the investigation turned out to be very vague.
Once the head of the KKBAS received information that the regional KGB administration is very interested in his department. And this meant that a sanction was received from Moscow for these actions. Local initiative in such matters was completely excluded. Then Berezhnoy ordered to stop the theft at least for a while. However, his henchmen balked. But Berezhnoy insisted, and the robbers decided: so that they would not be disturbed, the boss should be physically eliminated. Which was done on February 4, 1981.
This raises a reasonable question: why was his murder never solved? After all, this case was not dealt with by anyone, but the all-powerful KGB. My opinion on this matter is. As can be seen from the case, in 1984 the investigation into the murder was taken from the hands of the KGB and transferred to the prosecutor's office, whose leadership was then instructed from above not to identify the customer. It was just that someone really didn’t want the investigation to find out about the “big people” from Moscow involved in the theft of the KKBAS.
It remains to add that in August 1985, by the verdict of the Kuibyshev Special Court, Gennady Nerozya received 10 years, and Solomon Berenshtein - 8 years in prison. Vladimir Nekhoroshev got off with three years probation. And a year later, the Supreme Court of the USSR reduced the sentence for Berenshtein to 6 years.
Dossier
Igor Berezhnoy, born April 21, 1934 in Samara. From 1951 to 1957 he studied at the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute, then worked here at different departments. Already at that time, Berezhnoy showed himself as a talented experimenter. In 1966 he defended his Ph.D. thesis, and soon, with the assistance of Tupolev, Antonov, Myasishchev and others, the Design Bureau "Chassis of Airplanes and Helicopters" was created as part of the Kuibyshev Aggregate Production Association - specially "for Berezhny". In 1971, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation, and in 1972, on the basis of the above-mentioned OKB, KKBAS was formed. Berezhnaya headed this bureau until his death. He was the author of more than 200 scientific papers, many inventions and scientific and technical developments, the most famous of which was the Glissade laser landing system.
30 years ago in Moscow, the head of the aviation design bureau, Igor Berezhny, was blown up in an official car. The news about the death of the chief designer of the KKBAS then spread almost instantly. Even though it happened in Moscow. After all, every second engineer and two-thirds of Kuibyshev's workers at that time worked at defense plants. Some veterans of these productions still remember how shocked they were at what had happened.
I fell into the "trap"
Here is what the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Leonid Brezhnev reported about a high-profile emergency in the capital, Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Yuri Andropov: “On February 4, 1981, at about 19:30 on the street. Kirov in Moscow in his official car during the opening of an explosive device of the "trap" type, camouflaged under a box of medicines and transmitted through employees, the chief designer of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KKBAS) of the Ministry of Aviation Industry of the USSR Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhnoy, born in 1934, died from an explosion , Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of KuAI.
Due to the fact that Berezhnoy was a candidate member of the Kuibyshev city committee of the CPSU, a deputy of the city council and the head of the KKBAS, which was engaged in the development of important defense topics, a criminal case into his death was initiated on February 5, 1981 by the Investigation Department of the KGB of the USSR. Taking into account the personality of the deceased and the circumstances of his death, several investigative versions have been put forward and are being worked out in the case.
Nothing like this has ever happened either in Kuibyshev, or in Moscow, or in the USSR in general. To physically eliminate a "secret" scientist in our country, and even in such an exotic way - something the KGB could not imagine even in a nightmare.
but on the other hand
However, in those years almost no one knew about the second side of Igor Berezhny's life, carefully hidden from the public eye - about his participation in frauds under the guise of the KKBAS sign. It is possible that no one would have known about this if the above-mentioned emergency had not happened. After the explosion in the car and the death of the designer, the State Security Committee took up the affairs of the KKBAS. On the fact of the state of emergency, a criminal case No. 59 was opened here, which the KGB themselves called "Kapkan".
And the results of the first checks shocked even the leadership of the KGB. During the subsequent audit, numerous abuses surfaced in the financial and economic activities of the bureau. As a result, the USSR Prosecutor's Office opened another criminal case on August 25, 1981 - first under Art. 170 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (abuse of office), and then under Art. 93-1 (theft of state property on an especially large scale).
It turned out that the management of the KKBAS was simply writing off the inventory acquired at the expense of the budget. This involved the head of the technical department of the KB, 47-year-old Gennady Nerozya, his deputy, 28-year-old Vladimir Nekhoroshev, the photographer of the same department, 32-year-old Mikhail Tsygankov, and the head of the special technical bureau of the KKBAS in Moscow, 58-year-old Solomon Berenstein.
All of the above scammers were supposed to be arrested on the same day, but Tsygankov drank a lethal dose of dichloroethane before being detained. During the arrest, Nerozya also tried to commit suicide, in front of the investigator's eyes he stabbed himself in the stomach, but he was immediately taken to the hospital, where doctors saved his life. Nekhoroshev was soon released from the pre-trial detention center on recognizance not to leave, since the investigation considered that the total volume of abuses committed by him was not too great.
It turned out that on a special scale from all Nerozya, who, being a financially responsible person, copied and then sold at a good price literally everything that came to his hand: large consignments of imported film "Kodak", photographic film " Orvo-Chrome"And" Orvo-Color», Imported color photographic paper and chemicals, and so on. At the same time, Tsygankov helped him to sell the written-off deficit.
In addition, by mutual agreement, the robbers converted into cash and other material values \u200b\u200bregularly purchased by the KKBAS - TVs, projectors, furniture, ethyl alcohol, spare parts, fabric, etc. In total, during 1976-1981, fraudsters were able to steal state property totaling 21,266 rubles. Huge money at that time, considering that the average salary of an engineer did not exceed 120 rubles a month.
As for the role of Igor Berezhny himself, the following decision was issued by the investigator for especially important cases of the USSR Prosecutor's Office Nikolai Antipov: “... Berezhny's actions ... contain signs of a crime under Art. 92 h. 2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR ". However, here the investigator decided: "The criminal case against Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhny should be terminated with further proceedings due to the death of the latter."
Prosecutorial decision
But, of course, the investigation was most interested in another question: who exactly and, most importantly, why did it take to eliminate Igor Berezhny? From the materials available in the case, it is clear that the KGB of the USSR almost immediately ruled out the possible participation of foreign special services in the case. Therefore, they began to look for the cause of the emergency in Kuibyshev, inside the KKBAS.
But the first perpetrators of the incident were named only three years after the death of Berezhny. The decree of the Investigative Department of the KGB of the USSR of January 30, 1984 says this: “... it was established that an improvised explosive device was transferred to Berezhny ... through other persons by Nerozya, who admitted that he had committed a crime on domestic grounds. In this regard, he was charged under item "d" of Art. 102 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR "(premeditated murder under aggravated circumstances. - VE). After that, all the materials about the explosion were separated from the general criminal case and transferred for further actions from the KGB of the USSR to the Prosecutor's Office of the USSR.
It would seem that the investigation into the incident is almost complete. The main culprit has been identified, and now only some formalities need to be settled and the case brought to court. However, on November 12, 1984, the USSR Prosecutor's Office issued a resolution ... to discontinue this criminal case due to the "lack of evidence of the charges brought against Neroza."
The author of these lines did not manage to find any information about whether after that the search for those responsible for the murder of the head of the secret Kuibyshev KB continued in the allied prosecutor's office. However, it is obvious that if the investigation continued, then it did not lead to the capture of any other criminals.
The killer is unknown
In the spring of 1985, the criminal case against Nerozi, Nekhoroshev and Berenshtein on the theft of state property on an especially large scale was transferred to the Kuibyshev Special Court. So in Soviet times, special units were called in the structure of all regional courts of the USSR, where criminal cases were heard, in which secret enterprises were involved in one way or another. The proceedings in this case were taken by judge Alexander Shchupakov, who at that time was the chairman of the special court. But despite the fact that then he considered only materials about the embezzlement, Shchupakov had his own version of the murder of Igor Berezhny.
- There is no doubt that Berezhnoy was aware of most of the abuses taking place at the KKBAS, - says Alexander Anatolyevich. - After all, it was he who endorsed many acts for the cancellation of material assets. At the same time, I believe that the main organizer of the embezzlement was not Nerozya at all, but Berenshtein, whose role in the investigation turned out to be very vague.
Once the head of the KKBAS received information that the regional KGB administration is very interested in his department. And this meant that a sanction was received from Moscow for these actions. Local initiative in such matters was completely excluded. Then Berezhnoy ordered to stop the theft at least temporarily. However, his henchmen balked. But Berezhnoy insisted, and the robbers decided: so that they would not be disturbed, the boss should be physically eliminated. Which was done on February 4, 1981.
This raises a reasonable question: why was his murder never solved? After all, this case was not dealt with by anyone, but the all-powerful KGB. My opinion on this matter is. As can be seen from the case, in 1984 the investigation into the murder was taken from the hands of the KGB and transferred to the prosecutor's office, whose leadership was then instructed from above not to identify the customer. It’s just that someone didn’t want the investigation to find out about the “big people” from Moscow involved in the theft of the KKBAS.
It remains to add that in August 1985, by the verdict of the Kuibyshev Special Court, Gennady Nerozya received 10 years, and Solomon Berenshtein - 8 years in prison. Vladimir Nekhoroshev got off with three years probation. And a year later, the Supreme Court of the USSR reduced the sentence for Berenshtein to 6 years.
Dossier
Igor Berezhnoy, born on April 21, 1934 in Samara. From 1951 to 1957 he studied at the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute, then worked here at different departments. Already at that time, Berezhnoy showed himself as a talented experimenter. In 1966 he defended his Ph.D. thesis, and soon, with the assistance of Tupolev, Antonov, Myasishchev and others, the OKB was created as part of the Kuibyshev Aggregate Production Association " Aircraft and helicopter landing gear"- specially" for Berezhny. " In 1971, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation, and in 1972, on the basis of the above-mentioned OKB, KKBAS was formed. Berezhnaya headed this bureau until his death. He was the author of more than 200 scientific papers, many inventions and scientific and technical developments, the most famous of which was the laser aircraft landing system "
On March 28, 2018, 21-year VI (IT) cadets visited the Museum of Military History "The Unknown Unfinished War" in the Church of the Icon "The Joy of the Mother of God of All Who Sorrow" on Shpalernaya Street.
The VI (IT) cadets' visit to the military museum in the Sorrowful Church on Shpalernaya Street began in April 2017. Since that time, excursions to this museum of military history, organized by the teachers of department No. 10 and carried out as part of the course of cultural studies, while studying the topic "Military culture and the culture of the personality of military personnel", have become a tradition of our institute. VI (IT) cadets took part in more than ten events (excursions and memorial events) held by the temple. In March 2018 alone, four groups of 21 courses and a group of officers from the faculty of retraining and advanced training visited the museum.
The Church of the Icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow" is located a three-minute walk from the VI (IT) buildings, at the intersection of Shpalernaya Street and Chernyshevsky Avenue. A lot connects him with our institute. The building of the temple was created according to the project of the architect Luigi Rusca, who created the complex of buildings for the barracks of the Cavalry Corps, in the place of which our institute is now located. Another thing is also important: this is a temple in which the memory of the military history of Russia is carefully preserved, the memory of the soldiers who gave their lives for the Fatherland is honored.
The rector of the church, Archpriest Vyacheslav (Kharinov) sees the task of preserving the living memory of the fallen heroes and, what is especially important, in the patriotic education of our contemporaries. “It was spirituality that made our soldiers stronger than the enemy, stronger than the well-armed German army,” says Father Vyacheslav.
At the church, Father Vyacheslav created a military museum "The Unknown Unfinished War", dedicated to the defense and blockade of Leningrad. The basis of this small museum is made up of objects that keep the living memory of the war. Here cadets can see genuine soldier's things, hold them in their hands. These are weapons, personal belongings and items of a soldier's life, letters from front-line soldiers.
Most of the exhibits were found by members of search teams in the vicinity of St. Petersburg, in places where the most difficult and bloodiest battles of the Great Patriotic War took place. Behind each of these exhibits is the fate of people, the history of their feat, heroic life and death.
The tour of the temple and museum "The Unknown Unfinished War" ends according to tradition in the refectory of the temple over a cup of tea. Here, Father Vyacheslav continues his conversation with the cadets about important issues relevant to young people: life and death, love and faith, spiritual strength of a person, service to the Motherland.
Such excursions have an important educational value: patriotic education should be based on a careful respect for the memory of soldiers who gave their lives for the Fatherland, on a sense of belonging to their life and heroism.
Eikhenbaum O.A.
Numerous articles have been written about this mysterious murder in print and electronic media, and at the end of 2017, the Rossiya TV channel showed the investigative documentary Bomb for the Chief Designer. However, none of the authors of these materials was able to answer the main questions: who actually ordered and killed in February 1981 the chief designer of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems of the USSR Minaviaprom (KKBAS) Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhny.
How the constructor was killed
As the publication "Samara Review" wrote, Berezhnoy died on February 4, 1981 in Moscow, where he was on a business trip. Someone from the capital of the designer asked to bring medicines. And when Berezhnoy got into the car and opened the box, the explosion blew the car apart. The body of the slain designer was so disfigured that the deceased was buried in a closed coffin. The scientist's driver was concussed, no one was injured more as a result of the explosive device.
Who he was Professor, Doctor of Sciences I. A. Berezhnoy since 1972 headed the KKBAS, which was previously called the OKB "Chassis of aircraft and helicopters." As a specialist he was appreciated by such aircraft designers as A. Tupolev, O. Antonov and V. Myasishchev. He was the author of over 200 scientific developments in the field of aircraft construction. The designer was most famous for the Glissade laser landing system. However, as the Volzhskaya Kommuna newspaper writes, immediately after the murder of Berezhny (the investigation was carried out by the KGB), numerous frauds were revealed in his design bureau, in which Igor Alexandrovich's subordinates figured. Investigators argued that Berezhnoy could not have been unaware of these crimes. The employees of the secret design bureau, judging by the results of the investigation, on a large scale appropriated the inventory items allocated for the bureau, mainly the Soviet deficit of that time: from furniture and televisions to imported film and photographic film. A criminal case was initiated based on these facts. The total amount of damage caused to the state was over 20 thousand rubles.
The main versions of the assassination attempt
This murder is called the first contract murder in the history of the late USSR. Berezhnoy held a high position in Kuibyshev, he was appointed secretary of the city party committee. Four subordinates of the chief designer of the design bureau were arrested on charges of fraud. During the arrest, one of them managed to get poisoned, the other stuck a knife into himself, but he was pumped out. Judge AA Shchupakov from Kuibyshev, who was in charge of the case, assured in his interview to Volzhskaya Kommuna that Berezhnoy was clearly helping to write off the values. According to one of the versions, sounded in the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" on behalf of the former designers who worked at the KKBAS, the contract murder was connected precisely with the illegal activities of the KB. In particular, the planes of the secret enterprise were often used for other purposes by the party elite of Kuibyshev, allegedly the mafia was interested in this aircraft, which was going to transport certain goods on it.
Samara Review also cites an exotic hypothesis of Berezhny's murder, which is associated with the beloved flight attendant Leonid Brezhnev. The only person involved in the criminal case that has survived to this day, initiated on the fact of abuses in the KKBAS, V. Nekhoroshev, who received a suspended sentence, believes that Berezhny was simply exponentially removed so that other prominent Soviet designers "did not stick their heads out." Allegedly, the "Glissade" system, developed under the leadership of Igor Alexandrovich, was very interested in the Americans, and they wanted to lure the scientist to the United States. Opponents of this version argue that there was nothing special about Glissad, moreover, its parameters were published by Pravda in due time.
Ultimately, no one was accused of the murder of I. A. Berezhny (they were removed from one of the subordinates of the chief designer, who was subsequently convicted of financial fraud in the design bureau). The authors of the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" requested information about the criminal case opened over the murder in the archives of the FSB and the Prosecutor General's Office. But these services reported that they did not have any materials. Thus, the questions of who killed the chief designer in 1981 and for what remain unanswered today.
30 years ago in Moscow, the head of the aviation design bureau, Igor Berezhny, was blown up in a company car
The news of the death of the chief designer of the KKBAS then spread almost instantly. Even though it happened in Moscow. After all, every second engineer and two-thirds of Kuibyshev's workers at that time worked at defense plants. Some veterans of these productions still remember how shocked they were at what had happened.
I fell into the "trap"
Here is what the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Leonid Brezhnev reported about a high-profile emergency in the capital, Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Yuri Andropov: “On February 4, 1981, at about 19:30 on the street. Kirov in Moscow in his official car during the opening of an explosive device of the "trap" type, camouflaged under a box of medicines and transferred through employees, the chief designer of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KKBAS) of the Ministry of Aviation Industry of the USSR Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhnoy, born in 1934, died from an explosion , Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of KuAI.
Due to the fact that Berezhnoy was a candidate for membership in the Kuibyshev City Committee of the CPSU, a deputy of the City Council and the head of the KKBAS, which was engaged in the development of important defense topics, a criminal case into his death was initiated on February 5, 1981 by the Investigation Department of the KGB of the USSR. Taking into account the personality of the deceased and the circumstances of his death, several investigative versions have been put forward and are being worked out in the case.
Nothing like this has ever happened either in Kuibyshev, or in Moscow, or in the USSR in general. To physically eliminate a "secret" scientist in our country, and even in such an exotic way - something the KGB could not imagine even in a nightmare.
but on the other hand
However, in those years almost no one knew about the second side of Igor Berezhny's life, carefully hidden from the public eye - about his participation in frauds under the guise of the KKBAS sign. It is possible that no one would have known about this if the above-mentioned emergency had not happened. After the explosion in the car and the death of the designer, the State Security Committee took up the affairs of the KKBAS. On the fact of the state of emergency, a criminal case No. 59 was opened here, which the KGB themselves called "Kapkan".
And the results of the first checks shocked even the leadership of the KGB. During a subsequent audit, numerous abuses surfaced in the financial and economic activities of the bureau. As a result, the USSR Prosecutor's Office opened another criminal case on August 25, 1981 - first under Art. 170 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (abuse of office), and then under Art. 93-1 (theft of state property on an especially large scale).
It turned out that the management of the KKBAS was simply writing off the inventory acquired at the expense of the budget. The head of the technical department of the KB, 47-year-old Gennady Nerozya, his deputy, 28-year-old Vladimir Nekhoroshev, the photographer of the same department, 32-year-old Mikhail Tsygankov, and the head of the special technical bureau of the KKBAS in Moscow, 58-year-old Solomon Berenshtein, were involved in this.
All of the above scammers were supposed to be arrested on the same day, but Tsygankov drank a lethal dose of dichloroethane before being detained. During the arrest, Nerozya also tried to commit suicide, in front of the investigator's eyes he stabbed himself in the stomach, but he was immediately taken to the hospital, where doctors saved his life. Nekhoroshev was soon released from the pre-trial detention center on recognizance not to leave, since the investigation considered that the total volume of abuses committed by him was not too great.
It turned out that on a special scale from all Nerozya, who, being a financially responsible person, copied and then sold at a good price literally everything that came to his hand: large consignments of imported film "Kodak", photographic films "Orvo-Chrom" and "Orvo- Color ”, imported color photographic paper and chemicals, and so on. At the same time, Tsygankov helped him to sell the written-off deficit.
In addition, by mutual agreement, the robbers converted into cash and other material values \u200b\u200bregularly purchased by the KKBAS - TVs, projectors, furniture, ethyl alcohol, spare parts, fabric, etc. In total, during 1976-1981, fraudsters were able to steal state property totaling 21,266 rubles. Huge money at that time, considering that the average salary of an engineer did not exceed 120 rubles a month.
As for the role of Igor Berezhny himself, on this score the investigator for especially important cases of the USSR Prosecutor's Office Nikolai Antipov issued the following resolution: “… Berezhny's actions… contain signs of a crime under Art. 92 h. 2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR ". However, here the investigator decided: "The criminal case against Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhny should be terminated with further proceedings in connection with the death of the latter."
Prosecutorial decision
But, of course, the investigation was most interested in another question: who exactly and, most importantly, why did it take to eliminate Igor Berezhny? From the materials available in the case, it is clear that the KGB of the USSR almost immediately ruled out the possible participation of foreign special services in the case. Therefore, they began to look for the cause of the emergency in Kuibyshev, inside the KKBAS.
But the first perpetrators of the incident were named only three years after the death of Berezhny. The decree of the Investigative Department of the KGB of the USSR of January 30, 1984 says this: “... it was established that an improvised explosive device was transferred to Berezhny ... through other persons by Nerozya, who admitted that he had committed a crime on domestic grounds. In this regard, he was charged under item "d" of Art. 102 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR "(premeditated murder under aggravated circumstances. - VE). After that, all the materials about the explosion were separated from the general criminal case and transferred for further actions from the KGB of the USSR to the Prosecutor's Office of the USSR.
It would seem that the investigation into the incident is almost complete. The main culprit has been identified, and now only some formalities need to be settled and the case brought to court. However, on November 12, 1984, the USSR Prosecutor's Office issued a resolution ... to discontinue this criminal case due to the "lack of evidence of the charges brought against Neroza."
The author of these lines did not manage to find any information about whether after that the search for those responsible for the murder of the head of the secret Kuibyshev KB continued in the allied prosecutor's office. However, it is obvious that if the investigation continued, then it did not lead to the capture of any other criminals.
The killer is unknown
In the spring of 1985, the criminal case against Nerozi, Nekhoroshev and Berenshtein on the theft of state property on an especially large scale was transferred to the Kuibyshev Special Court. So in Soviet times, special units were called in the structure of all regional courts of the USSR, where criminal cases were heard, in which secret enterprises were involved in one way or another. The proceedings in this case were taken by judge Alexander Shchupakov, who at that time was the chairman of the special court. But despite the fact that then he considered only materials about the embezzlement, Shchupakov had his own version of the murder of Igor Berezhny.
- There is no doubt that Berezhnoy was aware of most of the abuses taking place at the KKBAS, - says Alexander Anatolyevich. - After all, it was he who endorsed many acts for the cancellation of material assets. At the same time, I believe that the main organizer of the embezzlement was not Nerozya at all, but Berenshtein, whose role in the investigation turned out to be very vague.
Once the head of the KKBAS received information that the regional KGB administration is very interested in his department. And this meant that a sanction was received from Moscow for these actions. Local initiative in such matters was completely excluded. Then Berezhnoy ordered to stop the theft at least for a while. However, his henchmen balked. But Berezhnoy insisted, and the robbers decided: so that they would not be disturbed, the boss should be physically eliminated. Which was done on February 4, 1981.
This raises a reasonable question: why was his murder never solved? After all, this case was not dealt with by anyone, but the all-powerful KGB. My opinion on this matter is. As can be seen from the case, in 1984 the investigation into the murder was taken from the hands of the KGB and transferred to the prosecutor's office, whose leadership was then instructed from above not to identify the customer. It was just that someone really didn’t want the investigation to find out about the “big people” from Moscow involved in the theft of the KKBAS.
It remains to add that in August 1985, by the verdict of the Kuibyshev Special Court, Gennady Nerozya received 10 years, and Solomon Berenshtein - 8 years in prison. Vladimir Nekhoroshev got off with three years probation. And a year later, the Supreme Court of the USSR reduced the sentence for Berenshtein to 6 years.
Dossier
Igor Berezhnoy, born April 21, 1934 in Samara. From 1951 to 1957 he studied at the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute, then worked here at different departments. Already at that time, Berezhnoy showed himself as a talented experimenter. In 1966 he defended his Ph.D. thesis, and soon, with the assistance of Tupolev, Antonov, Myasishchev and others, the Design Bureau "Chassis of Airplanes and Helicopters" was created as part of the Kuibyshev Aggregate Production Association - specially "for Berezhny". In 1971, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation, and in 1972, on the basis of the above-mentioned OKB, KKBAS was formed. Berezhnaya headed this bureau until his death. He was the author of more than 200 scientific papers, many inventions and scientific and technical developments, the most famous of which was the Glissade laser landing system.