Alanine aminotransferase, or ALT, and aspartate aminotransferase, or AST, are enzymes that are found in the cells of the body and are involved in amino acid metabolism. They are located only in the cells of organ tissues, and enter the bloodstream only when the cell disintegrates in traumatic injuries or pathologies.
Types of diseases
Excessive ALT content indicates the development of pathology of the organ, in the cells of which there is the greatest amount of it. The reasons for the increase in alanine aminotransferase are liver pathologies. A feeling of discomfort and pain in the right hypochondrium, diarrhea, icteric staining of the skin and mucous membranes, flatulence, and bitter belching are signs of an increase in ALT. When conducting a blood test, an increase in the level of bilirubin is added to the increased ALT and AST when hepatitis develops. More often, an increase in the ALT content indicates the occurrence of other diseases. The ALT concentration is directly dependent on the severity of the pathology.
The necrotic process in the heart muscle causes the release of these enzymes into the blood. Their increased content in serum also indicates the development of other cardiopathologies: insufficiency, inflammation of the heart muscle. Additionally, an increase in serum ALT concentration may be due to body trauma associated with muscle damage and pancreatitis.
If ALT and AST blood tests (decoding) showed less than twice the normal values, it is necessary to organize observation and 2-fold examination. This tactic is optimal for patients.
Blood test ALT and AST - decoding for some diseases
A slight increase in transferases is indicative of non-alcoholic fatty liver damage, including “fatty liver”, non-alcoholic steatohepatosis, and chronic viral hepatitis.
A moderate increase can exist in viral or alcoholic liver inflammation and various chronic liver diseases with or without cirrhotic damage.
Elevated levels are typical for severe acute hepatitis, toxic or drug necrosis, shock, or hepatic ischemia.
An unnecessarily high level (more than 2000-3000 U / L) exists with an overdose of acetaminophen and when using the drug in alcohol-dependent patients, with shock and / and hepatic ischemia.
It should be noted, since ALT is found in erythrocytes, it is necessary to prevent their breakdown when preparing serum for analysis. ALT may decrease if serum is stored for several days.
The Role of Medicines, Herbs and Other Substances
Careful history taking and deciphering of laboratory results are important for detecting drug-induced increases in transferases. Similar liver damage is detected in 1-2% of cases of chronic liver inflammation. They are associated with the use of antibiotics, antiepileptic drugs, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and medicines for the treatment of tuberculosis.
The easiest way to determine the dependence of an increase in aminotransferases with some agent is to reverse it and observe the level of enzymes. Without canceling the remedy, this dependence cannot be determined.
To diagnose a disease, it is sometimes not required to conduct a complete examination of the patient, since it is enough to pass one or more tests. Among them, it is often necessary to do a biochemical blood test with the determination of hepatic enzymes of cytolysis (necrosis of liver cells) - AST and other indicators of liver function. Deciphering the biochemical blood test AST reveals the presence of a number of serious diseases.
What is AST?
AST or aspartate aminotransferase is an enzyme that is found in the cells of the body and takes part in the exchange of amino acids. AST is found only in the cells of the tissues of the heart, liver, nervous tissue, skeletal muscles, and also, in a lesser concentration, in the cells of the tissues of the lungs, kidneys and pancreas. They enter the bloodstream only when cells are damaged or destroyed in the event of illness or injury. The significant content of aspartate aminotransferase in the tissues of organs has led to the emergence of a high-precision method for diagnosing diseases of the liver, myocardium (heart muscle), as well as various muscular disorders.
AST norm in a blood test
AST rates in blood tests differ for men and women. In a physically healthy man, the normal level of AST in the blood is from 15 to 31 units per liter, in a woman - from 20 to 40 units per liter. When decoding AST in a blood test, it should be borne in mind that the norm in children differs depending on age. So, in a newborn from the moment of birth to 5 days of life, it reaches 140 units per liter, while as the child grows, the content of aspartate aminotransferase in the blood decreases and by the age of 9 years should not exceed 55 units per liter.
Deciphering the biochemical blood test of AST can only be done by a doctor who knows the norms of the laboratory where the analysis was carried out, since the norms and reference values of this parameter depend on the equipment that was used for this.
How to get a blood test for AST correctly?
Determination of the content of aspartate aminotransferase in the blood is carried out using biochemical analysis. To obtain reliable results of the study, blood for analysis must be donated in the morning, while food should not be taken for at least 8 hours before blood sampling. Blood for the determination of AST is taken from a vein.
Deviations from the norm in the blood test for AST
An increase in the content of AST in a blood test is most often due to various diseases. The most common cause of high levels of aspartate aminotransferase is myocardial infarction; in the acute phase of the disease, the content of this enzyme in the blood can increase by 4-5 times relative to normal. Also, an increase in the level of AST in the blood can cause other heart diseases, including myocarditis or rheumatic heart disease and previous heart surgery.
Another common reason for an increase in the content of aspartate aminotransferase in the blood is liver disease, including acute hepatitis, regardless of the cause (alcoholic, drug or toxic), while the AST index increases 10-15 days before the obvious manifestation of symptoms of hepatitis A and B. In addition, high levels of aspartate aminotransferase in the blood may indicate liver cancer.
An excess of the AST norm in the blood test also occurs as a result of injuries, burns, in acute and chronic pancreatitis.
When decoding AST in a blood test, it should be borne in mind that slight increases in the content of this enzyme in the blood are also possible in a healthy person who has been taking certain medications or alcohol for a long time.
Too low a level of AST in the blood indicates severe liver damage (rupture, cirrhosis), as well as a deficiency of vitamin B6.
How to lower the AST level?
AST is an important indicator of the state of organs and tissues. Deviations from the norm in the content of this enzyme are the result of damage to the organ, the cells of which contain it, therefore, the normalization of the AST level in the blood will occur after the underlying disease is eliminated. With timely and adequate therapy, this indicator returns to normal within 30-40 days.
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, AST) are enzymes that belong to the group of transaminases (aminotransferases). The concentration of ALT and AST is determined by a biochemical blood test to diagnose diseases of the liver, heart and other internal organs. In a woman's blood, the content of enzymes changes during pregnancy, taking certain medications, intense physical and mental stress. The analysis for the determination of transaminases makes it possible to timely identify the disease, determine the severity of the course of the disease, and prescribe adequate treatment before complications develop.
Aminotransferases - intracellular enzymes
ALT and AST are intracellular enzymes; in terms of chemical structure, they are substances of protein origin. Aminotransferases are involved in the exchange of amino acids, from which species-specific proteins are synthesized - the building material for the cells of the body. The enzyme ALT is involved in the metabolism of alanine, AST - aspartic acid. ALT and AST are formed in the cells of internal organs and skeletal muscles with the participation of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). Vitamin B6 is considered a cofactor (accelerator) of transaminase synthesis.
Lack of pyridoxine in the body leads to a change in the normal parameters of enzymes. Vitamin B6 is not only supplied with food, but is also excreted to a greater extent by beneficial bacteria in the small intestine. Most often B6 hypovitaminosis occurs with bowel disease. Dysbacteriosis is accompanied by the death of the normal intestinal microbiota and the reproduction of pathogenic microflora, which causes insufficient synthesis of pyridoxine.
ALT and AST are part of the cells of internal organs: liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, pancreas. Aminotransferases are found in skeletal muscles, nervous tissue, and erythrocytes. These are intracellular enzymes that in a healthy person enter the bloodstream in small quantities. ALT is found in high concentration in liver cells. The enzyme is an indicator of organ damage and belongs to the main diagnostic criterion for the pathology of the hepatobiliary system. AST predominates in myocardial cells - a significant increase in the enzyme in the blood indicates damage to the heart tissue.
Diagnosis of aminotransferases in women
The detection of the concentration of aminotransferases is carried out using a laboratory diagnostic method - a biochemical blood test. In addition to AST and ALT, bilirubin fractions (total, direct, indirect), the content of proteins, amino acids, alkaline phosphatase, etc. are determined. A comprehensive analysis allows one to differentiate diseases that are accompanied by an increase in transaminases in the peripheral blood.
For examination, venous blood is taken in the morning on an empty stomach. After the last meal, at least 8-10 hours should pass. On the eve of the diagnosis, one should not consume alcoholic beverages, fatty and spicy foods. The day before the analysis, it is recommended to refrain from physical work and mental stress. On the day of blood sampling, one hour before the procedure, you must stop smoking. The results of the study are issued the next day. For urgent diagnostics, express methods are used with the issuance of the analysis result within an hour.
The norm of ALT and AST in women
Normally, the concentration of aminotransferases in women is lower than in men. This is due to a lower mass of skeletal and cardiac muscles, and a lower load on the liver. The results of the content of ALT and AST in the blood can be recorded in different units of measurement. It depends on the method for determining transaminases that the laboratory uses.
ALT rates in women:
- 7-40 IU / L;
- 28-190 mmol / l;
- up to 33 U / l.
AST rates in women:
- 10-30 IU / L;
- 28-125 mmol / l;
- up to 32 U / l.
Both an increase and a decrease in the concentration of aminotransferases in the peripheral blood are of diagnostic significance.
Reasons for abnormal ALT enzyme
A large concentration of ALT is found in hepatocytes - liver cells. In other organs, the enzyme is found in approximately the same quantities as AST. The exception is the myocardium, the AST enzyme predominates in cardiomyocytes.
Laboratory diagnostics of ALT is used in the following cases:
- early detection of the pathology of the hepatobiliary system (liver, gallbladder, bile ducts);
- determination of the stage of the disease and the severity of the course of the disease;
- assessment of the prognosis for recovery or the development of complications;
- monitoring the effectiveness of the therapy.
ALT is released in large quantities into the blood during the massive destruction of hepatocytes or other cells of the body. In the acute stage of liver disease, the concentration of transaminase in the peripheral blood can exceed normal values by 10-40 times. The chronic form of pathology is accompanied by a slight increase in the enzyme by 2-5 times.
Diseases in which the concentration of ALT in the blood increases:
- genetic liver disease;
- viral hepatitis (liver damage by hepatitis A, B, C, E, D viruses);
- toxic hepatitis (liver damage with hepatotropic poisons and drugs);
- autoimmune hepatitis (rejection of liver cells in violation of the immune system);
- alcoholic hepatitis (destruction of the liver by the regular intake of alcoholic beverages, the use of alcohol substitutes);
- intrahepatic cholestasis (stagnation of bile in the hepatic ducts);
- cirrhosis of the liver in the initial stage;
- primary and metastatic liver tumors;
- acute and chronic pancreatitis;
- injuries with the destruction of a large volume of muscles (prolonged crush syndrome);
- burn disease;
- inflammation of muscle tissue (myositis);
- endocrine pathology (obesity, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus);
- myocardial diseases (myocarditis, myocardial infarction);
- shock states.
ALT may increase slightly with intense physical activity, after a stressful situation, or in the case of chronic overwork. High levels of aminotransferase are detected with regular consumption of fast food.
In women, ALT may exceed the norm in late pregnancy when gestosis occurs (in other words, late toxicosis). The disease is accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, nausea, deterioration in visual acuity, and the appearance of protein in the urine. Gestosis occurs when the kidneys are impaired due to the heavy load on the urinary system during gestation.
Some drugs, when taken in a course, cause an increase in the ALT content in the blood. Before taking a biochemical analysis, it is necessary to discuss with the attending physician the possibility of temporarily stopping therapy.
1. Antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action.
2. Chemotherapy.
3. Cytostatics.
4. Sedatives.
5. Immunocorrectors.
6. Contraceptive medicines.
Any drug, if used incorrectly, can cause liver dysfunction and destruction of hepatocytes.
Diseases in which ALT in the blood decreases:
- intestinal pathology;
- medicinal dysbiosis (taking antibiotics);
- poor nutrition;
- depletion of the body;
- cirrhosis of the liver.
The destruction of the liver and the release of aminotrasaminases into the blood in women occurs with alcohol dependence much faster than in men.
Reasons for the deviation from the norm of the AST enzyme and the Rittis coefficient
Transaminase AST is found in high concentration in myocardial cells. In other cells of the body, the enzyme is found in approximately the same amount as ALT, with the exception of the liver. For diagnostic purposes, the concentration of AST is examined to detect heart diseases: myocarditis, myocardial dystrophy, myocardial infarction. With myocardial infarction, the level of transaminase increases tenfold in the first day after a heart attack. In the case of angina pectoris, which has similar clinical signs with a heart attack, an excess of normal AST values is not detected.
In addition to diseases of the cardiovascular system, aminotransferase enters the bloodstream in the same diseases as ALT. Liver pathology proceeds with a significant excess of ALT concentration, and myocardial damage - AST. In other cases, the content of transaminases in the peripheral blood increases in approximately the same way.
For the differential diagnosis of diseases occurring with an increase in aminotransferases, the Rittis coefficient is used - the ratio of the enzymes ALT and AST. The normal indicator of the coefficient is 0.9-1.7 (average 1.3). A shift in the indicator towards an increase indicates an excess of the AST level, respectively, indicates myocardial damage. A shift in the indicator towards a decrease indicates an increase in the ALT content and the destruction of liver cells.
Many patients, when passing tests, wonder if the presence of AST in the blood is found, what it is.
- various diseases of the heart and circulatory system of acute and chronic forms;
- pathology in the activity of the liver;
- various degrees of poisoning and transferred intoxication;
- damage to the kidney area in combination with failure;
- the presence of unwanted infectious pathology;
- all kinds of purulent-septic conditions;
- jaundice of various forms of manifestation;
- the presence of autoimmune diseases;
- for allergic skin diseases, it is also possible to prescribe this analysis;
- when undergoing preoperative preparation;
- for an objective assessment of the dynamics and effectiveness of treatment of the liver or heart;
- in the presence of trauma with the assumption of a possible injury to the heart or liver.
- from the moment of birth, this value is quite high in infants - up to 140 U / L;
- in children under 9 years of age, it should not be higher than 55 U / l.
- the appearance of nervousness;
- periodic insomnia;
- general weakness of the body;
- the presence of unpleasant itching;
- lack of appetite and gradual weight loss;
- some discoloration of feces and darkening of urine;
- visible edematous phenomena;
- appeared yellow spots on the skin;
- periodic nausea;
- slight increase in temperature.
- the presence of any serious injury to the heart muscle;
- acute myocardium of the initial stage of development can cause such a condition;
- myocarditis of autoimmune or infectious properties;
- the presence of fatty and alcoholic hepatosis can provoke an increase in the level of this important enzyme in the blood plasma;
- latent cirrhosis of the liver can cause an influx of these enzymes into the bloodstream;
- if an unpleasant malignant tumor has metastases in the liver;
- chronic insufficiency of an important heart muscle of a pronounced nature;
- in the primary stage of cancer in the liver or in important bile ducts;
- if the liver and heart are affected by a malignant form of insidious myeloid leukemia;
- violation of the integrity of important muscle tissue (generalized myositis, crash syndrome has a direct detrimental effect on it).
- after a recent injury accompanied by contusion of skeletal muscles;
- with a burn received;
- after a strong heatstroke;
- after intoxication with poisonous mushrooms.
- moderate degree, when the enzyme index is exceeded 5 times;
- average increase, when an increase in the content of AST is stated to be 10 times higher than the established norm;
- severe degree, when there is an increase in the level of the AST component by 10 times or more in comparison with the established norm.
- 1. Find out the level of ALT: if it is much higher than the AST enzyme, then there is a likelihood of liver damage; if less, then myocardial infarction should be assumed.
- 2. Analysis for troponins - enzymes special for a heart attack. Even an insignificant increase in this component in the first hours after the attack may indicate a possible necrosis of the heart muscles, everything returns to full norm after 7-14 days.
- 3. The special CF fraction of creatine phosphokinase is an enzyme important for skeletal and cardiac muscles. It can be observed in a certain dynamics.
- 4. Taken important parameters of fat, pigment, carbohydrate analysis.
- 5. General clinical analysis of urine and blood, urine biochemistry may be required to see the most complete picture of internal processes.
- 6. Complete ultrasound examination of liver, kidney and heart parameters.
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Enzyme characteristic
AST in the blood is a special enzyme that is directly involved in the daily exchange of vital amino acids. The complete decoding of this term is aspartate aminotransferase. Moreover, ASTs are referred to as specific enzymes. An increase in its content or excessive activity may indicate the presence of certain pathological conditions in the body. A high content of this enzyme is noted in the heart muscle, important liver tissue, sensory neurons of the brain and elastic muscle tissue of the supporting skeletal muscles. This is due to the high level of important metabolic processes and the need for various cells to adapt to maintain their structure. This special enzyme helps cells in their difficult mission.
As long as the structure of important cells is intact, the number of this enzyme in the blood plasma is minimized, within the acceptable range. When the integrity of important cells is violated, AST increases significantly, it enters the general systemic circulation in excess. This pathological phenomenon is recorded as a sharp increase in the activity of this enzyme.
With a detailed biochemical analysis of blood, the enzymatic activity of the blood plasma is assessed, and the content of an important element of AST in the blood is also determined there. For this purpose, good venous blood is taken by the puncture method in a standard amount of 20 ml. In the process of its careful centrifugation, the plasma is separated from the elements, which subsequently succumb to various chemical influences. In this way, the enzyme activity in the blood is determined.
Reasons for assigning detailed activity analysis
A blood test for the activity of the enzyme in question is a mandatory procedure in the presence of the following types of pathologies:
All these are objective reasons for the appointment of a biochemical analysis.
Indicator of the norm
In the analysis, the average AST in the blood should not exceed 31 U / L for women, 45 U / L for men. The AST parameter in a child varies depending on his full age:
The accuracy of the analyzes performed also depends on the condition of the equipment possessed by a particular laboratory.
What is lipid profile and blood lipid spectrum - analysis decoding
Outward signs of an increase
Without careful testing for the presence of specific symptoms, it is possible to determine if the AST level is exceeded:
It is advisable to pay close attention to these signs, you should not ignore them, because they can indicate any pathology. An ailment diagnosed in the early stages is much easier to cure than its later form.
Causes of pathological manifestations
To find out the increase in AST, you need to familiarize yourself with its established values. Increased AST in the blood is a signal of probable dysfunction in the work of one or another internal organ.
If the enzyme in the blood is increased repeatedly, then for this pathological condition there may be the following reasons:
If the AST level is not much higher than the permissible norm, then there is no apparent reason for concern. A high content of the AST enzyme means its growth is 2 times the norm. Identification of violations of the norm involves re-determination of the level of AST, so that specialists can be sure of the presence of pathology.
ACT can be elevated in the presence of the following conditions:
There are 3 stages of increasing the enzyme level in the blood:
The main reason for the increase in AST levels may lie in the damage to the heart muscle during a heart attack. In this case, the necessary research is carried out at regular time intervals of 1 hour. Any dysfunctional changes indicating an excess of the norm speaks in favor of a heart attack that has occurred.
All this concerns an increase in the rate of AST, but a decrease in the level of this enzyme may indicate the presence of a severe form of liver damage.
In women who are carrying a fetus, there is a slight increase in AST levels. This phenomenon occurs quite often, it is not a signal of the presence of any serious ailment.
Additional diagnostics
In some cases, the following additional tests may be required:
All this is required to clarify the cause of the appearance of pathological signals. Determination of the AST level is carried out in conjunction with the analysis of another important enzyme: ALT. The availability of accurate data on the exceeded level of one or another enzyme will help to clarify the localization of the inflammatory process, its severity and make a primary prognosis. In the medical field, there is the term de Ritis coefficient - this is the average ratio of AST / ALT. Normally, this value is within the established limits of 1.33. With diseases of the internal motor, heart, this value grows inexorably, with hepatic pathologies it falls.
Level normalization methods
An increase in AST is not an autonomous disease. This indicator is a signal of the possible destruction of important internal organs. It is necessary to start diagnosing these organs and to carry out timely treatment in case of pathology detection. Tidy up tissues will be able to adjust many of the disturbed functions of the body, including optimizing the content of AST.
It is necessary to realize the fact that AST is not an obvious cause of the onset of the disease, it is its consequence. Therefore, identifying and eliminating the true cause of the occurrence of violations will help prevent an increase in the enzyme level, which will lead to the normalization of the daily activity of enzymes.
Any recorded case of an increase in AST can serve as a reason for an early appeal for qualified help from experienced doctors. Behind this very harmless signal, the most severe pathological conditions can be hidden, which will manifest themselves after a rather long time.
A well-chosen diet can play an indirect beneficial role in restoring normal AST levels.
The principles of such a gentle diet are to completely eliminate everything that is too fatty, heavy fried, high-calorie, sweet. It is based on low-fat dairy products, fresh fruits, peeled vegetables, low-fat meats. Also, do not forget about observing a systematic drinking regime, it is recommended to use complex herbal preparations, aromatic green tea. You can make a collection of dried milk thistle, burdock and dandelion roots.
To strengthen the body's immune forces, you can start systematically taking an invigorating contrast shower. Regular practice of relaxing breathing exercises will help you to get your mind and body in order. You should not make an independent decision on the introduction of a particular set of exercises, it is better to give this right to the attending physician: he knows exactly what will benefit the patient in a given situation.
In order to properly prescribe the treatment, it is necessary to accurately diagnose the disease itself. For this, a general and biochemical blood test is most often prescribed. The latter includes studies of AST and ALT (Alat and Asat). What is it, how much is the norm and why can their level rise?
ALT and AST in a blood test: what is it
AST (aspartate aminotransferase, AST, AST) is a special enzyme that takes part in the transfer of the amino acid aspartate from one biomolecule to another. In this case, B6 acts as a coenzyme. The greatest activity of this enzyme is found in the heart, muscle tissues, liver and kidneys.
There is also one more, no less important component of biochemical research. This is ALT (ALT, alanine aminotransferase, ALT) - a special enzyme that transfers the amino acid alanine from one biomolecule to another. As in the first case, vitamin B6 acts as a coenzyme. It is also worth noting that in addition to the maximum activity in the heart, liver, kidneys and muscle tissue, it is found in the pancreas.
A blood test for AST, like ALT, is included in the biochemical blood test. Accordingly, they have their own specific standards of content. Differences can be not only in the results of men and women, but also in different age categories. So, for men, ALT is no more than 40 U / liter, and for women, no more than 32 U / liter.
ALT can be significantly increased in physically healthy people due to an active lifestyle and taking various medications. It is also most often observed elevated in adolescents, since their body is in the stage of active growth. A biochemical blood test reveals such indicators quite well, especially since there is a general decoding for the indices.
As for the norm of the AST indicator, it is also different for men and women. In men, the norm is considered to be in the range from 15 to 31 U / liter, and in women it can reach from 20 to 40 U / liter. Also, as in the previous case, a completely insignificant increase can be observed in a healthy person after taking various medications.
Also, ASAT rises after drinking alcohol, which does not exclude the result after taking some alcohol-based drugs. These drugs include valerian, almost all antibiotics, paracetamol, and vitamin A.
Table of norms for a biochemical blood test
Reasons for increased rates
In medical practice, there are many different cases when an increase in the considered transaminases is possible. This allows you to pinpoint the most common causes of false positives. A biochemical blood test for AST and ALT will be increased in case of myocardial infarction. The maximum ALT value can be observed in the acute form of the disease. These figures can be in the range of 130-150% deviated from the norms.
Fluctuations in the AST level can reach from 450 to 500% of the norm. In this case, the decoding will be more thorough, since it is necessary to calculate all the existing parameters in order to obtain an accurate patient result. Also, the ALT indicator can increase in acute gastritis, regardless of its form.
An increase in numbers can be observed up to 15 days before the examination and the manifestation of significant symptoms. The presence of hepatitis A and B is no exception. If the treatment is carried out correctly and on time, then all indicators return to normal in about a month and a half. The main thing is that the decoding of the results of AST and ALT must be correctly carried out, otherwise the patient will have to undergo a second examination.
Indicators can increase in severe viral hepatitis, while the activity ratio of serum transferases can reach values from 0.55 to 0.65.
Indicators may not increase in acute liver cirrhosis. There are quite a few cases when an increase is still observed and reaches 77% of the norm. Particular attention should be paid to the values of bilirubin when analyzed for transaminase data.
More often it happens that aminotransferase dissociation manifests itself in hyperbilirubinemia and, at the same time, the aminotransferase activity decreases. Such actions, when transaminases are detected, may indicate the presence of liver failure, which occurs in an acute form, as well as the presence of hepatic jaundice. It is she who is characterized by persistent biliary hypertension.
Video: blood test AST and ALT
Survey
In order to pass a biochemical blood test for AST and ALT, you do not need any special preparation. He surrenders in free order. The main thing is to take it in the morning on an empty stomach and warn about taking certain medications, if any. It is also necessary to fully limit the intake of alcohol and tobacco smoking. This can significantly affect the result, thereby giving false research results.
It is important to prescribe this analysis to the patient on time and conduct it correctly, especially if it concerns these indicators. Most often, examinations for ASAT and ALAT should be contained in a medical book, which guarantees the health of each person when applying for a job.